WO2019025825A1

WO2019025825A1 - Self-controlled heat storage tank and self-controlled heat storage system build up with the tank

Info

Publication number: WO2019025825A1
Application number: PCT/HU2018/000037
Authority: WO
Inventors: Balázs SZABÓ; Ferenc NÉMET
Original assignee: Szabo Balazs; Nemet Ferenc
Priority date: 2017-08-04
Filing date: 2018-08-02
Publication date: 2019-02-07
Also published as: HU231316B1; HUP1700344A1

Abstract

The subject of the invention is self-controlled heat storage tank and self-controlled heat storage system build up with the tank, which can be fitted to existing systems or to new heat storage systems, but it provides a much more efficient energy storage and use as compared to the present systems. There is a connecting pipe stub (8) having one opening (9) or a connecting pipe stub (8) having two openings (9) at the outlet/inlet connections (5,6) of the tank (1), and in the self-controlled tank (1) there is a thermally insulated separating panel (2), which is moved by the flow of the heat storage liquid, having a self-controlled position, which prevents the mixing of liquids being at different temperatures, and furthermore, one stop (4) is located at each end position of the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the tank (1), and one or more guide rods (3) are installed in the tank (1), which guide the movement of the separating panel (2). one or more heat storage tanks (1) are used in the self-controlled heat storage system (12), which tank (1) has outlet/inlet connections (5, 6) used as inlet and outlet of the heat carrier liquid, and in the tank (1) there is a thermally insulated separating panel (2), and a guide rod (3), which guides the thermally insulated separating panel (2), which guides the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel (2), and within the tank (1), in the given case at the upper and lower parts, or on the thermally insulated separating panel (2), there are stops (4) for controlling the regulation, to which the thermally insulated separating panel (2) strikes at the lower and upper positions of the thermally insulated separating panel (2), and by this action, it ensures the independent self-controlled internal basic control of the tank (1) in the self-controlled heat storage system (12), or the entire self-controlled heat storage system (12).

Description

Self-controlled heat storage tank and self-controlled heat storage system build up with the tank

The subject of the invention is a self-controlled heat storage tank and a self-controlled heat storage system build up with the tank, which can be fitted to existing systems or to new heat storage systems, but it provides a much more efficient energy storage and use as compared to the present systems.

According to the state of art the patent HU 229 432 makes known heat storage equipment and a process for manufacturing it. The heat storage equipment described here consists of a main element and the covers that close the open ends of the main element. The main element consists of a housing having openings with the same cross section at the axial front end and rear end aligned perpendicularly to the axis, a bordering surface forming a flow passage within the housing for the purpose of guiding the heat carrier liquid, a bordering surface forming a space for filling the heat storage material situated next to the flow passage within the housing. The housing of the main element, the flow passage bordering surface and the filling space bordering surface are prepared as a single component. During the process used for the production of the heat storage equipment according to the invention the main element is created with injection moulding or with extruding, then the main element and the covers are joined and fixed together.

Pressure free heat storage equipment makes known the European patent EP2698584B1 , which is validated in Hungary under the number E026615.

The patent HU P 93 03109 makes known heat storage heat exchanger to be used for hot water producing gas boilers. The subject of the invention described here is heat storage heat exchanger for gas boilers, which has a coiled primary water circle having double wall and established as a standing cylinder installed in the hot water tank having thermal insulating cover. The walls of the double-wall cylinder are made of smooth stainless steel plates, the coils of the primary water circuit are arranged with a helix between the walls of the double-wall cylinder. Preferably, the helix is made from metal having a cylindrical cross section, and it is fixed to the internal wall of the double- walled cylinder by means of spot welding. The subject of the invention further includes the gas boiler with heat storage heat exchanger installed in its housing, the coiled primary water circle of which formed as double-wall standing cylinder installed in the hot water tank having thermally insulated cover, is connected to the body of the gas boiler. The walls of the double-wall cylinder of the heat storage heat exchanger are made of smooth stainless steel plates, the coils of the primary water circuit are arranged with a helix between the walls of the double- wall cylinder.

The patent HU P 2583/88 makes known divided heat storage equipment to be used primarily for heating networks, which has a tank, at least one hot water connecting pipe stub and cold water connecting pipe stub, characterised by that, there are virtual cells and circulating columns, and/or cells and partition walls which are provided with flow opening(s) - except for maximum one of them.

The Hungarian patent HU 185 284 makes known heat storage tank. The subject of the invention described here is heat storage tank for storing solar energy and/or waste heat energy, which has a reservoir made of impermeable material, containing known heat storage liquid, there is a cover on the top of the reservoir, which can move in vertical direction, there is a sealing between the reservoir and the cover, there is a mat filled with gaseous material, preferably air, located on the entire surface of the heat storage liquid between the heat storage liquid and the cover, there is at least one known heat exchanger in the heat storage liquid, the external surface of the reservoir is surrounded by insulation, and together with this, it is placed in sand bedding established into a nest in the ground. Furthermore, the invention relates to an arrangement for storing solar energy and or waste heat, preferably with the heat storage tank according to the invention, where the heat exchanger of the heat storage tank is connected to a condenser, to which a heat recovery system established on a manure plant, and/or a waste heat delivery system is connected. Corresponding to the general heat gradient of heat reception and heat transfer the quantity of heat in the tank or in the entire system changes in different ways in a given range in case of heat storage systems presently in operation. The traditional system works efficiently up to a certain temperature limit in the generally used equipments. Corresponding to the real demand for consumption this provides limited heat utilization during operation in the wide operating temperature range of the traditional equipment. If the temperature conditions are too high in the heat storage tank, then it will work with low efficiency in the subsequent heat absorption period, e.g. on the next day. If the tank does not cool back, then this will hinder the further absorption of heat.

If the temperature ranges are less than ideal in the tank, then the efficiency of the heat transfer will be low. It means that alternative heat, e.g. subsequent heating, should be used because of the lack of proper temperature. Experience indicates that the operation of the heat exchanger system is optimum, if the temperature of the heat carrier, heat exchanger liquid, e.g. water, is at the middle optimum range at about 50 °C. In summary, the presently operating equipment are not able to provide optimum conditions for heat absorption, heat storage and heat transfer among extreme circumstances.

The disadvantage of the state of art equipment, and the essential deficiency of the known heat storage systems is that they are not capable of efficiently using the absorbed, stored and released heat. In the presently used traditionally arranged heat storage tank, the inlet, outlet and heat carrying liquids, in the given case water, are in physical contact and they mix, therefore, the liquid in the tank would cool or warm itself, thus the system cools itself back. The relative high temperature of the liquid in the not sufficiently cooled tank hinders the optimum heat absorption process. This solution, therefore, does not ensure the optimum heat absorption and heat release operating modes.

The aim of the invention was to create a self-controlled heat storage tank and a self- controlled heat storage system established with the tank, having a unified technology, which ensures optimum operating conditions for heat absorption, heat storage and heat release, which therefore can be used in many applications by the public as well as by the industry. Furthermore, the aim was to make sure that the system established in this way and working with unified technology would be suitable in private as well as in network systems.

When creating the solution according to the invention it was recognised, that if a heat storage tank is made, where the inlet heat storage liquid and the outlet heat storage liquid are separated by a movable internal thermally insulated plate, and a heat storage system is established with the tank, in which one or more self-controlled heat storage tanks are used with identical operating principle and internal configuration, which in the given case are connected to various heat storage and heat transfer systems, then the set out aim can be achieved.

The invention is a self-controlled heat storage tank, which has a closed arrangement, containing inward and outward flowing heat storage liquid, and the tank is provided with outlet and inlet connections for guiding the heat storage liquid in and out. It is characterized by that, there is a connecting pipe stub having one opening or a connecting pipe stub having two openings at the outlet/inlet connections of the tank, and in the self-controlled tank there is a thermally insulated separating panel, which is moved by the flow of the heat storage liquid, having a self-controlled position, which prevents the mixing of liquids being at different temperatures, and furthermore, one stop is located at each end position of the thermally insulated separating panel in the tank, and one or more guide rods are installed in the tank, which guide the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel.

In a possible embodiment of the heat storage tank according to the invention the thermally insulated separating panel in the tank is aligned horizontally or vertically, and guide rod is perpendicular to the thermally insulated separating panel.

In another possible embodiment of the heat storage tank according to the inventionthermally insulated separating panel has sufficient static strength, thermal insulation and appropriate fit, and in the given case thermally insulated separating panel has a sufficient liquid tightness at the sides of the tank, in the tank, and in the given case at the guide rod located at the middle, which prevents the mixing of liquids having different temperatures at the two sides of the thermally insulated separating panel.

In a further possible embodiment of the heat storage tank according to the invention the heat storage liquid situated at the two sides of the thermally insulated separating panel in the tank at the joints functions as lubricant, thus ensuring the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel without obstacle or seizing.

The invention furthermore is a self-controlled heat storage system, primarily realized with self-controlled heat storage tank according to the invention which self-controlled heat storage system ensures much more efficient energy storage and use as compared to the existing systems, and for its operation the basic arrangement of the self-controlled heat storage system contains a heat absorption part or partial units, self-controlled heat storage part or partial units, and heat transfer part or partial units, and furthermore, the process of heat absorption in the heat storage system can take place from various known sources and with knows means, e.g. from environmental heat, solar cell and/or solar collector system, or heat pump system, the introduced heat enters the self-controlled heat storage system, which self-controlled heat storage system is capable of fully receiving and storing the introduced thermal energy, and on the other hand, is capable of self-controlled storage of thermal energy within the tank, and beside this, it is capable of forwarding or releasing the introduced thermal energy according to the demand by the consumers, and the transfer or heat, supply of heat takes place to the typical heat utilization areas according to the demand for use, e.g. supplying domestic hot water, heating services, air conditioning and ventilation. It is characterized by that, one or more heat storage tanks are used in the self-controlled heat storage system, which tank has outlet/inlet connections used as inlet and outlet of the heat carrier liquid, and in the tank there is a thermally insulated separating panel, and a guide rod, which guides the thermally insulated separating panel, which guides the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel, and within the tank, in the given case at the upper and lower parts, or on the thermally insulated separating panel, there are controllings stops for regulation, to which the thermally insulated separating panel strikes at the lower and upper positions of the thermally insulated separating panel, and by this action, it ensures the independent self-controlled internal basic control of the tank in the self-controlled heat storage system, or the entire self-controlled heat storage system.

In a possible realization of the system according to the invention both ends of the outlet/inlet connections extended in the tank have the same form in each of the operating modes, to which connecting pipe stubs are connected for introducing and discharging the liquid, which connecting pipe stubs could be arranged in various arrangements with one opening, or with two openings according to the operating, self- control stage, and the arrangement ensuring the flow in the tank is always compatible with the arrangement of connecting pipe stubs, the lower and upper end positions of the thermally insulated separating panel are controlled by the stops within the tank, this is how the flow of the liquid, in the given case water, suitable for the given task can be ensured, and the thermally insulated separating panel as well as the entire tank can be oriented horizontally or vertically, and in the heat storage system the circulation produced by the pump has a minimum extent, which keeps the thermally insulated separating panel in end position in the given case.

In another possible realization of the system according to the invention the tanks in the heat storage system work simultaneously, if connecting pipe stubs with one opening are used, and when the thermally insulated separating panel reaches one or the other end position, the flow in the tank stops, the liquid flows in through the opening above the thermally insulated separating panel in case of flow in the other direction, and it moves the thermally insulated separating panel in the opposite direction, by this action the tank is filled in one direction, and discharged in the other direction, and when eventually the thermally insulated separating panel reaches the other end position, then the process in the given case starts in the other direction, and by this action, the thermally insulated separating panel ensures the separate storing and in-out flow of liquids, in the give case cold water and hot water, having variable quantities and different temperatures in separated spaces of the tank during the entire operation.

In a further possible realization of the system according to the invention the tanks in the heat storage system work in series connection, if connecting pipe stubs with two openings are used, and when the thermally insulated separating panel reaches one or the other end position, then the flow in the tank remains continuous, because the liquid keeps on flowing through the opening below the thermally insulated separating panel to the subsequent tank corresponding to the task, and when this tank is also filled entirely, then the flow continues also from here in the given case, this operating and control solution allows the basic operation of the self-controlled heat storage system, and this operational self-controlling solution allows the application in any existing system, so that the controls of the given equipment need no modification.

In a further possible realization of the system according to the invention the liquid flows in through the opening above the thermally insulated separating panel in case of flow in opposite direction when connecting pipe stubs with two openings are used, and its moves the thermally insulated separating panel in the other direction, and by this action, the tank is filled in one direction, and discharged in the other direction until the thermally insulated separating panel reaches the other end position, where, however, the liquids keep on flowing through the opening above the thermally insulated separating panel, while the tank is filled in this direction, then the flow continues in the given case from another tank, the thermally insulated separating panel ensures the separate storing and in-out flow of liquids, in the give case cold water and hot water, having variable quantities and different temperatures in separated spaces of the tank during the entire operation.

In a further possible realization of the system according to the invention depending on the application, valve systems controlling and regulating the flow of liquid can be used for the inlet/outlet connections which are located outside the tank so that the internal arrangement of the tank remains the same independently of the application, and in this way, the thermally insulated separating panel ensures the suitable flow direction of liquid for heat absorption and for heat release also in intermediate position independently of the end positions when any of the two kinds of connecting pipe stubs is used. The solution according to the invention is set forth on the basis of the attached figures: Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional image of a possible configuration of the tank according to the invention.

The various embodiments of the connecting pipe stubs forming the outlet/inlet connections of the tanks can be seen in Figs, 2, 3, 4,5.

Fig. 6 shows the cross-sectional image of the thermally insulated separating panel at the axis of the guide rod.

Fig. 7 shows the top view and bottom view of the thermally insulated separating panel together with the opening that accommodates the guide rod.

Fig. 8 shows the application of the tank according to the invention in case of an already known heat storage system.

Fig. 9 -14 show application in heat absorption mode in case of a heat storage system 12 working with multiple operating cycles and containing more tanks 1 used in a comprehensive heat utilization system.

Figs. 15 -20 show an application of the heat storage system containing more tanks for multiple operating stages in a comprehensive heat utilization system working in heat release operating mode, but with simultaneous absorption of the environmental heat. Fig. 21 - 24 show the possibilities of various circulation.

Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional image of a possible configuration of the tank 1 according to the invention. The components that can be seen in Fig. 1 include the tank 1 , the thermally insulated separating panel 2 and the guide rod 3. Also, the stops 4 that ensure the end positions of the thermally insulated separating panel 2, and the outlet/inlet connections 5,6 of the tank 1 can be seen here. There are connecting pipe stubs 8, which have two openings 9, that belong to the tank 1 , and there is an opening 10 prepared in the thermally insulated separating panel 2 for passing through the guide rod 3. A thermometer is installed in the tank 1 in the given case.

Fig. 1 shows the cross-sectional image of the tank 1 according to the invention, together with the cross-sectional image of the thermally insulated separating panel 2. The thermally insulated separating panel 2 can be seen in th tank 1 , and there is a tubular guide rod 3 at the middle, which guides the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel 2. Also, there are stops 4 within the tank 1 at the top and at the bottom for controlling the tank 1 , which are touched by thermally insulated separating panel 2 in the lower/upper end position of the thermally insulated separating panel 2, thus ensuring the independent internal basic control, the self-controlled operation of the tank 1. Both ends of the outlet/inlet connections 5, 6 extended into the tank 1 are formed in the same manner for the various operating modes. The connecting pipe stubs 8 are connected here as an inlet and outlet of the liquid.

The various embodiments of the connecting pipe stubs 8 forming the outlet/inlet connections 5,6 of the tanks 1 can be seen in Figs, 2, 3, 4,5. The connecting pipe stubs 8 can be formed in various ways, with one opening 9, or with two openings 9, corresponding to the stage of operation and self-controlling process. The configuration ensuring the flow in the tank 1 is always compatible with the configuration of the connecting pipe stub 8.

The lower and upper end positions of the thermally insulated separating panel 2 are shown with dashed line in the drawings. The end position is controlled by the stops 4 inside the tank 1 , this is how the flow of the liquid corresponding to the function, in this case water, is ensured.

Figs. 2, 3 show the connecting pipes stubs 8 located at the lower and upper region, each having one opening 9. When these are used, then the tanks 1 in the tank system 12 operate individually, the flow of the tank 1 stops as soon as the thermally insulated separating panel 2 reaches one or the other end position. In case of flow in the opposite direction the liquid flows in through the opening 9 located above the thermally insulated separating panel 2, and moves the thermally insulated separating panel 2 in the other direction. By this action, the tank 1 is filled in one direction and discharged in the other direction until the thermally insulated separating panel 2 eventually reaches the other end position. In the given case, the process is started in the other direction from here. During the entire operation, the thermally insulated separating panel 2 ensures in the given case the separated storage and in and out flow of the cold and warm water positioned in the tank 1 separately, having varying quantities and different temperatures. 18 000037

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When the connecting pipe stubs 8 having two openings 9 shown in Figs. 4, 5 are used, then the tanks 1 in the heat storage system 12 operate in series connection. When the thermally insulated separating panel 2 reaches one of the end positions, then the flow in the tank 1 remains continuous, because the liquid keeps on flowing through the opening 9 below the thermally insulated separating panel 2 to the subsequent tank 1 according to the function. When the subsequent tank 1 becomes full, then the flow still continues from here in the given case. This operating and control solution allows the basic operation of the self-controlled heat storage system, and this operating control solution allows the use in already existing system, so that other controls of the given equipment need no modification.

When the connecting pipe stubs 8 having two openings 9 are used with flow in the opposite direction, then the liquid flows in through the opening 9 above the thermally insulated separating panel 2, and causes to move the thermally insulated separating panel 2 in the opposite direction. In this way the tank 1 is filled in one direction and is discharged in the other direction until the thermally insulated separating panel 2 eventually reaches the other end position. At this point, however, the flow continues through the opening 9 located above the thermally insulated separating panel 2. When the tank 1 is filled in this direction, then the flow in the given case still continues from another tank 1. During its entire operation the thermally insulated separating panel 2 makes sure that the liquids, in the given case cold water and warm water, having variable quantities and different temperatures, are stored separately within the tank 1 , and that they flow in and out.

Depending on the respective applications, various valve systems can be used at the inlet and outlet connecting pipe stubs 8 within the tank 1 for controlling and regulating the liquid flow, so that the internal configuration of the tank 1 remains the same independently of the application. The thermally insulated separating panel 2 ensures the proper flow direction of the liquid for heat absorption and for heat release even in intermediate position when it does not touch the end positions when either of the two kinds of connecting pipe stubs 8 are used. The guide rod 3 located at the middle of the tank 1 plays a supporting and guiding role also, and it has the same form whichever of the two kinds of connecting pipe stubs 8 is used, and each has two openings 9 at the upper and lower parts, and allows the reception of both kinds of connecting pipe stubs 8. Check valves are installed in the outlet/inlet openings 9 in the given case. The number of openings 9 is chosen depending on the application. The thermally insulated separating panel 2 and the entire tank 1 may be aligned horizontally or vertically. The circulation made by the pump has a minimum extent, which in the given case keeps the thermally insulated separating panel 2 at the end position.

Fig. 6 shows the cross-sectional image of the thermally insulated separating panel 2 at the axis of the guide rod 3.

Fig. 7 shows the top view and bottom view of the thermally insulated separating panel 2 together with the opening 10 that accommodates the guide rod 3. The thermally insulated separating panel 2 created in a manner, that it can provide supporting, thermal insulation and sealing functions also. The main function of the thermally insulated separating panel 2, which is moved by the flow of liquid in the self-controlled tank 1 , and which has a controlled position, is to prevent the mixing of liquids having different temperatures. This thermally insulated separating panel 2 can move in upward and downward direction, and also laterally depending on the alignment of the tank 1. The thermally insulated separating panel 2 has sufficient static strength, as well as thermal insulation and a fit corresponding to the function. It means that the thermally insulated separating panel 2 possesses sufficient liquid tightness at the sides of the tank 1 , as well as at the guide rod 3 located in the tank 1 at the middle. This is what prevents the mixing of liquids having different temperatures at the two sides of the thermally insulated separating panel 2. The cold or warm liquid at the joints in the tank 1 acts as lubricant ensuring the smooth and unhindered movement of the thermally insulated separating panel 2.

Depending on whether the thermally insulated separating panel 2 is at the lower or at the upper position, the direction of outlet/inlet flow in the tank 1 changes together with the function of the openings 9. The up-down movement of the thermally insulated separating panel 2 changes the flow direction at the two end points, this is what makes the system self-controlled. In the given case, there is a check valve, which directs the liquid below/over the thermally insulated separating panel 2.

The tank 1 may be cylindrical or angular, it may be aligned in standing or laying position. In all cases at least one guide rod 3 is located at the middle, in the lower and upper ends of which there are openings 9 through which the flow of liquid can take place. Pipelines are connected to this to allow flowing in and out. Valves are connected to the outlet/inlet connections 5,6 that ensure the self-controlled operation of the tank 1 , the control of which is accomplished by the end positions of the thermally insulated separating panel 2 located in the tank 1. There is no flow of liquid in the individual tanks 1 in the heat storage system 12, they do not work momentarily because of the mode of operation, in them the thermally insulated separating panel 2 is at a fixed location, where it has stopped according to the given operating mode. In the entirely filled condition of each tank 1 , however, the thermally insulated separating panel 2 is always at the end position after it has completed its control function.

The arrangement of the connecting pipe stub 8 extending into the tank 1 can be changed in terms of hydrodynamics corresponding to the level of external controlling regulation. In case of a preferred embodiment there are temperature sensors and limit switches at the lower and/or upper part of the tank 1 , which are controlled by the position of the thermally insulated separating panel 2. If the thermally insulated separating panel 2 reaches one of the limit switches, then it is switched or released, by the action of which it controls the valve system located outside the tank 1 .

Fig. 8 shows the application of the tank 1 according to the invention in case of an already known heat storage system. Fig. 8 shows the general block diagram of a heat storage system, together with the self-controlled heat storage tank 1 included in it. The figure shows the heat exchanger HCS1 , the heat exchanger HCS2, the domestic cold water pipe HHV, the domestic hot water pipe HMV, as well as the mixing valve K connected to them, and the safety valve AB installed after that. Further items that can be seen include the heat sensors H installed in the system, and the distributor EL, which is 18 000037

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connected to the circulating pump KSZ, which is provided with the motor M. The self- controlled heat storage tank 1 is connected to the system by means of the control valve V3 and the control valve V4. In the given case, another heat exchanger HCS2 is connected to the system for further utilization, extraction of the surplus heat, which transfers the heat from the system towards other use. Arrows are used in the figures to show the flow direction of the heat exchanger liquid, which is water in the given case. Heat sensors H are used for measuring the temperature in the system, which are connected to the controller of the system.

During the operation of the system the basic control takes place in heat transfer mode, when the heat exchanger HCS1 shown in the figure is used while the heat is being transferred, through which the heat is transferred to the consuming location. The basic control means that the system transfers the heat to the heat exchanger HCS 1 corresponding to the actual consumption demand, so that it could accomplish the desired heat transfer, and transfers or absorbs about 40 °C. In this way it is ensured that the heat returned to the tank 1 will be about 15 °C always. The direction of the liquid flow is controlled by the opening and closing of control valves V3, V4, and in turn the heat release and heat absorption of the tank 1 is controlled.

Fig. 9 shows an actual application, which includes the solar cell system NE, the heat pump HSZ, and the system provides several services. The application includes a heat storage system 12 that contains one or more, in the given case four heat storage tanks 1, as a result of the basic configuration and control of which the functions of the above- mentioned heat collecting equipment are limited to own internal groups of tasks.

The figure shows the solar cell system NE, the heat transfer unit HE, the control valve V, the electrical line EV, the inverter IV, the gauge MO, the electrical network EH, the electrical unit EGY, the tank TA, the heat pump HSZ and the air conditioner KL. The solar cell system NE generates electrical current, and is connected through the electrical line EV to the inverter IV located in the electrical unit EGY. The electrical energy provided by the solar cell system NE is fed by the electrical unit EGY in a properly converted form to the electrical network EH, as well as to the heat pump HSZ through a further electrical line EV.

The operation of the system is active during daytime, when the solar cell system NE provides energy, and feeds energy to the electrical network EH. When the solar cell system NE does not provide electrical energy during the night, the energy to the heat pump HSZ is provided by an electrical unit EGY from the electrical network EH. The gauge MO measures the input or output electrical energy. Temperature sensors H are used for measuring the temperature in the system, which are connected to the controller of the system.

The heat transfer unit HE is located below the solar cell system NE, to which the delivery pipe of the heat exchanger of the system is connected through the control valve V. The heat exchanger liquid is passed through the control valve V, in the given case through a further tank TA to the heat storage system 12 containing four tanks 1 shown in the figure. The tank TA is connected to the heat pump HSZ, which is connected to the pipeline having the function of introducing further heat into the system. In the given case an air conditioner KL is also connected to this.

Fig. 10 - 14 show a heat storage system 12, which is preferably created with four self- controlled heat storage tanks 1 . This takes over an automatic process, which includes multiple steps. One of the tanks 1 in the heat storage system starts to operate at a point, where the other tank 1 upstream to it has just finished heat storage or heat release. If all the four tanks 1 are full, then the system provides additional heating to tank 1 , as well as to the firstly filled tank 1.

In a given actual application the self-controlled heat storage tank 1 provides heat absorbing liquid, in the give case water, constantly at about 15 °C to the heat collecting equipment in the heat absorption mode shown in Fig. 9 -14. By this action it ensures the optimum heat absorption / heat transfer functions of the heat absorbing equipment, environmental heat, solar panel, and heat pump. The warm water produced in this way, having a previously set and expected temperature, about 55 °C in the given case, is delivered by it to the given location of the self-controlled tank system according to the operating process. In order that the expectation of the base control is met, the quantity of transferred heat is controlled to ensure that the temperature of the water returned to the tank 1 corresponds to the expected about 15 °C.

The various phases of the heat absorption taking place in the heat storage system 12 are introduced in Figs. 10 - 14. As can be seen at the top of Fig. 10 the heated water is delivered to the given tank 1 in stage I utilizing the solution provided by the control options of heat storage system 12. After saturation of heat in tank 1 , stage II shown in Fig. 1 1, starts automatically, which initiates the heat absorption of a next tank 1. When this is filled entirely, stage III shown in Fig. 12 starts. When all tanks 1 are filled with heated water, then the heat storage system 12 changes to the heat absorption - subsequent heating mode shown in Figs 13 - 14, and corresponding to the above- mentioned process, it carries out the subsequent heating in every tank 1 in stage I shown in Fig. 13, or in stage II shown in Fig. 14, corresponding to the temperature level in the given tank 1. The subsequent heating of the tank 1 is carried out first, which is colder than any other, and therefore it stores less thermal energy.

Figs. 15 -20 show an application of the heat storage system 12 containing more tanks 1 for multiple operating stages in a comprehensive heat utilization system working in heat release operating mode, but with simultaneous absorption of the environmental heat.

Fig. 15 shows another arrangement of the system, where the heat absorption - heat release takes place simultaneously, while the control positions outside the heat storage system 12 are set as appropriate. The figure shows the solar cell system NE, the heat transfer unit HE situated below it, the control valve V that regulates the flow of the heat exchange liquid, the tank TA connected to it, and the heat pump HSZ, as well as the heat storage system 12 containing the four tanks 1 that are connected in different ways. Also, an electrical line EV connecting the solar cell system NE and an electrical unit EGY can be seen here, together with the inverter IV in the electrical unit EGY, and a gauge MO, through which the electrical unit EGY is connected to the electrical network EH. An electrical line EV can also be seen, which connects the electrical unit EGY to the heat pump HSZ. The heat pump HSZ heats the liquid in the tank TA to the sufficient level, if its temperature is not enough eventually, and in the given case it obtains the necessary heat from the environmental heat already upstream to the heat pump HSZ for the air conditioner KL. Heat sensors H are used for measuring the temperature in the system, which are connected to the controller of the system.

For this application the essential condition is the programming of the valve system outside the tank 1 in terms of operation. In order to fullfill the expectation of the base control, the quantity of heat transferred is controlled to ensure that the temperature of the heat exchange liquid, in the given case water, flowing back into the tanks 1 would correspond to the expected about 15 °C. The possibilities provided by the tank 1 ensure the simultaneous heat release position, together with the heat absorption position also, so that the liquid levels are not mixed - this is an evening position - at which one of the tanks 1 is in separate circuit.

The side of the heat storage system 12 that performs the heat release function supplies the hot water always from the tank 1 having the highest temperature. The process is controlled in a way, that the water returned to the tank 1 having a cooled down temperature of about 15 °C does not mix with the hot water, because this is prevented by the thermally insulated separating panel 2. When the tank 1 is filled completely with cooled down water, then the thermally insulated separating panel 2 reaches one of the end positions at the upper or lower part, and it automatically sets the subsequent hot water tank 1 into the process. Simultaneously to that, the heat storage system 12 ensures the heat absorption position too in a manner that the water having a temperature of about 15 °C provided by the lowest tank or part of the tank is delivered to the heat collecting equipment.

Figs. 16 - 20 show the overall process of heat release and heat absorption, the mode of filling of the tanks 1 , when all the tanks 1 are interconnected. If the heat is released from a tank 1, then its filling is initiated from the solar collector located on the roof, working in a self-controlled manner, because always the highest temperature is brought in.

Figs. 16-20 show stages I-IV of the operation, which corresponds to the evening - night operating mode, when the heat absorption is generally much less than the heat release. Stage I shown in Fig. 16 indicates that the heat storage system 12 is full of hot water, and the heat is released from the tank having the highest temperature, which has a fast rate corresponding to the time period. In stage II shown in Fig. 17 the control system changes over to the tank 1 having the next highest temperature. Simultaneously to switching on the tanks 1, the control switches the tank 1 from which the heat was released to the heat absorption mode. In terms of heat absorption, this means stage 1/1 in the drawing. Stage III shown in Fig 18 and stage IV shown in Fig. 19 of the heat release indicates the level of continuous heat release, and simultaneously to that, the heat absorption by the tank mentioned earlier takes place continuously, which corresponds to stage 1/2 and stage 1/3 in terms of heat absorption. Fig. 20 shows the heat storage balance of the heat storage system 12 for the morning period, indicating that one tank 1 was saturated with heat in the night operating mode, while the rest of the tanks 1 have been emptied by the heat release during the night. This solution ensures that heat suitable for heat release is always present in the system. Then the intensive period of daytime heat absorption is started again in the morning.

Fig. 21 - 24 show the possibilities of various circulation.

The circulating version shown in Fig, 21 illustrates the basic operating, circulation process and the routing of the heat storage system 12. Here the tanks 1 are connected in series. The warm water heat transfer and heat receiving side of the tank 1 or tanks 1 is always the same, and the return cold water transfer and receiving side is always the same. In the given case, if solar collector system is used, the expected efficiency is +30 % as compared to the existing systems.

Fig. 22 show another possible version of the circulation in case of one or more tanks. It can be seen in the figure, that the tanks 1 are capable of operation simultaneously independently of one another according to the self-controlled control system based on the first version introduced in Fig. 21. Although the tanks 1 are connected in series, but they are able to operate in parallel also. The relevant calculations indicate that the payback period is expected to be six years if the solar cell system is used.

The third and fourth versions of the heat storage system according to Fig 23 and Fig. 24 indicate that it is possible to provide heat absorption position or heat release position from the same tank 1. This could be resolved in the tank 1 with one connecting pipe stub 8 or with two connecting pipe stubs 8. The self-controlled tank 1 provides a self- adjusting regulating system. According to the third and fourth versions shown in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24, and considering the many possibilities allowed by the valve system and the control positions, it is possible to design and operate systems that perform optimum heat absorption and heat release. In this case the self-controlled tank 1 already takes over the determining control role of the entire system.

Operation of the self-controlled heat storage system according to the invention:

During the general overall operation of the self-controlled heat storage system, the process of heat absorption could take place from known sources and with known means, for example, from environmental heat, with solar cell and/or solar collector system or with heat pump system.

The introduced heat enters the heat storage system 12 according to the invention. The self-controlled heat storage system 12 is capable of fully receiving and storing the introduced thermal energy. The self-controlled heat storage system 12 is capable of self- controlled storage of thermal energy within the heat storage tank 1. Beside this, the self- controlled heat storage system 12 is capable of forwarding or releasing the stored or introduced thermal energy according to the demand of users.

Considering the demand for use, the typical heat utilization areas include, for instance, providing domestic hot water, heating, air conditioning and ventilation. In addition to that, a higher priority application could be in the given case the generation of electricity directly from thermal energy, which could be fed to the grid for utilization. In the aspect of heat absorption, the self-controlled heat storage system 12 has an own control within tank 1 , as well as a self-controlled control of the heat storage system 12 consisting of heat storage tanks 1 , which ensure the optimum operation of the heat absorption side, and as a result of this, it is capable of receiving the full generated quantity of heat for the purpose of heat storage.

In the aspect of heat release, the self-controlled heat storage system 12 has an own control within tank 1, as well as a self-controlled control of the heat storage system 12 consisting of heat storage tanks 1, which ensure the optimum operation of the heat release side. The essential requirement for this is the self-control affecting the entire operation, which ensures that the heat released corresponds to the actual demand at the consumer side, so that the temperature of the liquid (water) returned to the tank 1 is always about 15 °C. In the given case, the surplus thermal energy over the demand by the consumers can be used for producing further energy, e.g. electrical energy, in the given case by the use of Stirling engine, which is capable of generating electrical energy from thermal energy if other conditions of the operation are available.

Advantages of the solution according to the invention:

By using the self-controlled heat storage tank according to the invention, a tank is created, which has a different structure and different operation as compared to the tanks installed in the existing operational systems, which in the given case can be supplemented with other control systems, and the tanks can be used with different sizes in combination for any operating area.

The arrangement of the self-controlled heat storage tank includes a movable separating thermally insulated panel in the inside. During the entire operation of the tank, the flow of liquid in the tank causes to move the separating panel corresponding to the operating direction, as a result of which the liquids in the system having different temperatures cannot mix, and on the other hand, the separating panel always is set to a position corresponding to the given operating mode in a self-regulating, self-adjusting manner. When more tanks are coupled to one another, then the separating panels in the tanks control the consistent operation of the entire system depending on their given positions and on the actual operating mode.

Advantages when used in already existing systems: The self-controlled heat storage tank system is suitable for connecting to the already operating heat utilization system in an interchangeable manner in the entire market segment. It means that the internal configuration of the tank in the self-controlled system is suitable for the operation of the existing equipment and for the associated control. The internal configuration and operation existing constantly in the tank can be coupled to the operating level of any presently operating equipment.

External control unit outside the tank can also be coupled to the self-controlled heat storage tank, which has a self-controlled basic internal control, which controls the entire operating process corresponding to any engineering operating task.

Advantages when used for new systems: With the external control it is possible to ensure the optimum operation always in the given situation in case of the equipment to be applied in the entire usage sector. Considering the various operating modes provided by the self-controlled heat storage tank, it is possible to design heat absorption and transfer units with optimum solutions with regard the desired engineering possibilities. It means that the self-controlled heat storage tank can fully support the operation of the unified complete equipment established in this manner.

The arrangement and operation of the self-controlled heat storage tank ensure full heat absorption and heat storage functions, as well as the heat transfer corresponding to the maximum consuming demand, so that the control system of the tank makes sure that the temperature of the liquid, in the given case water, returning to the tank after releasing the heat, allows a maximum heat absorption again. In a given case multiple tanks used in the self-controlled heat storage system are coupled to one another independently of the locations of the group of tanks, and ensure the full optimum operation in a self- controlled manner. An additional advantage is the possible use of supplementary application with Stirling engine in association with the utilization of heat. List of references

1 - tank - gauge

2 - thermally insulted separating panel - electrical network

3 - guide rod EGY - electrical unit

4 - stop TA - tank

5 - outlet/inlet connection HSZ - heat pump

6 - outlet/inlet connection KL - air conditioner

7 -

8 - connecting pipe stub (with one opening - with two openings)

9 - opening (in the connecting pipe stub)

10 - opening (in the separating panel)

1 1 -

12 - heat storage system

HCS1 - heat exchanger

HCS2 - heat exchanger

HHV - domestic cold water

HMV - domestic hot water

K - mixing valve

AB - safety valve

H - heat sensor

EL - distributor

M - motor

KSZ - circulating pump

V3 - control valve

V4 - control valve

NE - solar cell system

HE - heat transfer unit

V - control valve

EV - electrical line

IV - inverter

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. Self-controlled heat storage tank, which has a closed arrangement, containing inward and outward flowing heat storage liquid, and the tank is provided with outlet and inlet connections for guiding the heat storage liquid in and out, characterized by that, there is a connecting pipe stub (8) having one opening (9) or a connecting pipe stub (8) having two openings (9) at the outlet/inlet connections (5,6) of the tank (1), and in the self-controlled tank (1) there is a thermally insulated separating panel (2), which is moved by the flow of the heat storage liquid, having a self-controlled position, which prevents the mixing of liquids being at different temperatures, and furthermore, one stop (4) is located at each end position of the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the tank (1), and one or more guide rods (3) are installed in the tank (1), which guide the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel (2).

2. Heat storage tank according to claim 1, characterized by that, the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the tank (1 ) is aligned horizontally or vertically, and guide rod (3) is perpendicular to the thermally insulated separating panel (2).

3. Heat storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that, thermally insulated separating panel (2) has sufficient static strength, thermal insulation and appropriate fit, and in the given case thermally insulated separating panel (2) has a sufficient liquid tightness at the sides of the tank (1), in the tank (1), and in the given case at the guide rod (3) located at the middle, which prevents the mixing of liquids having different temperatures at the two sides of the thermally insulated separating panel (2).

4. Heat storage tank according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that, the heat storage liquid situated at the two sides of the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the tank (1) at the joints functions as lubricant, thus ensuring the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel (2) without obstacle or seizing.

5. Self-controlled heat storage system, primarily realized with self-controlled heat storage tank according to any of the claims 1 - 4, which self-controlled heat storage system ensures much more efficient energy storage and use as compared to the existing systems, and for its operation the basic arrangement of the self-controlled heat storage system contains a heat absorption part or partial units, self-controlled heat storage part or partial units, and heat transfer part or partial units, and furthermore, the process of heat absorption in the heat storage system can take place from various known sources and with knows means, e.g. from environmental heat, solar cell and/or solar collector system, or heat pump system, the introduced heat enters the self-controlled heat storage system, which self-controlled heat storage system is capable of fully receiving and storing the introduced thermal energy, and on the other hand, is capable of self- controlled storage of thermal energy within the tank, and beside this, it is capable of forwarding or releasing the introduced thermal energy according to the demand by the consumers, and the transfer or heat, supply of heat takes place to the typical heat utilization areas according to the demand for use, e.g. supplying domestic hot water, heating services, air conditioning and ventilation, characterized by that, one or more heat storage tanks (1) are used in the self-controlled heat storage system (12), which tank (1) has outlet/inlet connections (5, 6) used as inlet and outlet of the heat carrier liquid, and in the tank (1) there is a thermally insulated separating panel (2), and a guide rod (3), which guides the thermally insulated separating panel (2), which guides the movement of the thermally insulated separating panel (2), and within the tank (1), in the given case at the upper and lower parts, or on the thermally insulated separating panel (2), there are controllings stops (4) for regulation, to which the thermally insulated separating panel (2) strikes at the lower and upper positions of the thermally insulated separating panel (2), and by this action, it ensures the independent self-controlled internal basic control of the tank (1) in the self-controlled heat storage system (12), or the entire self-controlled heat storage system (12).

6. System according to claim 5, characterized by that, both ends of the outlet/inlet connections (5,6) extended in the tank (1) have the same form in each of the operating modes, to which connecting pipe stubs (8) are connected for introducing and discharging the liquid, which connecting pipe stubs (8) could be arranged in various arrangements with one opening (9), or with two openings (9) according to the operating, self-control stage, and the arrangement ensuring the flow in the tank (1) is always compatible with the arrangement of connecting pipe stubs (8), the lower and upper end positions of the thermally insulated separating panel (2) are controlled by the stops (4) within the tank (1), this is how the flow of the liquid, in the given case water, suitable for the given task can be ensured, and the thermally insulated separating panel (2) as well as the entire tank (1) can be oriented horizontally or vertically, and in the heat storage system (12) the circulation produced by the pump has a minimum extent, which keeps the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in end position in the given case.

7. System according to claim 6, characterized by that, the tanks (1) in the heat storage system (12) work simultaneously, if connecting pipe stubs (8) with one opening (9) are used, and when the thermally insulated separating panel (2) reaches one or the other end position, the flow in the tank (1) stops, the liquid flows in through the opening (9) above the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in case of flow in the other direction, and it moves the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the opposite direction, by this action the tank (1) is filled in one direction, and discharged in the other direction, and when eventually the thermally insulated separating panel (2) reaches the other end position, then the process in the given case starts in the other direction, and by this action, the thermally insulated separating panel (2) ensures the separate storing and in- out flow of liquids, in the give case cold water and hot water, having variable quantities and different temperatures in separated spaces of the tank (1) during the entire operation.

8. System according to claim 6, characterized by that, the tanks (1) in the heat storage system (12) work in series connection, if connecting pipe stubs (8) with two openings (9) are used, and when the thermally insulated separating panel (2) reaches one or the other end position, then the flow in the tank (1) remains continuous, because the liquid keeps on flowing through the opening (9) below the thermally insulated separating panel (2) to the subsequent tank (1) corresponding to the task, and when this tank (1) is also filled entirely, then the flow continues also from here in the given case, this operating and control solution allows the basic operation of the self-controlled heat storage system (12), and this operational self-controlling solution allows the application in any existing system, so that the controls of the given equipment need no modification.

9. System according to claim 8, characterized by that, the liquid flows in through the opening (9) above the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in case of flow in opposite direction when connecting pipe stubs (8) with two openings (9) are used, and its moves the thermally insulated separating panel (2) in the other direction, and by this action, the tank (1) is filled in one direction, and discharged in the other direction until the thermally insulated separating panel (2) reaches the other end position, where, however, the liquids keep on flowing through the opening (9) above the thermally insulated separating panel (2), while the tank (1) is filled in this direction, then the flow continues in the given case from another tank (1), the thermally insulated separating panel (2) ensures the separate storing and in-out flow of liquids, in the give case cold water and hot water, having variable quantities and different temperatures in separated spaces of the tank ( 1 ) during the entire operation.

10. System according to any of the claims 5 - 9, characterized by that, depending on the application, valve systems controlling and regulating the flow of liquid can be used for the inlet/outlet connections (5,6) which are located outside the tank (1) so that the internal arrangement of the tank (1) remains the same independently of the application, and in this way, the thermally insulated separating panel (2) ensures the suitable flow direction of liquid for heat absorption and for heat release also in intermediate position independently of the end positions when any of the two kinds of connecting pipe stubs (8) is used.