WO2019023108A1 - Système de surveillance de bilan hydrique d'arbres en temps réel économique permettant la gestion de l'irrigation et la détection de stress - Google Patents

Système de surveillance de bilan hydrique d'arbres en temps réel économique permettant la gestion de l'irrigation et la détection de stress Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019023108A1
WO2019023108A1 PCT/US2018/043248 US2018043248W WO2019023108A1 WO 2019023108 A1 WO2019023108 A1 WO 2019023108A1 US 2018043248 W US2018043248 W US 2018043248W WO 2019023108 A1 WO2019023108 A1 WO 2019023108A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plant
trunk
temperature
heater
water content
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Application number
PCT/US2018/043248
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English (en)
Inventor
Reza John EHSANI
Azadeh ALIZADEH
Arash MOHAMMADI TOUDESHKI
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University Of Florida Research Foundation
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2019023108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019023108A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/0098—Plants or trees
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/684—Structural arrangements; Mounting of elements, e.g. in relation to fluid flow
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to monitoring plant physiology. Specifically, it relates to methods and systems of water uptake in woody plants with single stem or trunk, such as a tree.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure are related to determining the water status and health of trees.
  • a system that measures the water content of a tree.
  • the system comprises a heater attached to a trunk of a tree.
  • the system also includes a first temperature sensor that is inserted in the trunk of the tree and positioned proximate to the heater.
  • the first temperature sensor is configured to measure a first temperature proximate to the heater.
  • the system also includes a second temperature sensor that is inserted in the trunk of the tree and spaced away from the first temperature sensor.
  • the second temperature sensor is configured to measure a second temperature at the trunk of the tree, where the second temperature represents a trunk ambient temperature.
  • the system includes a computing device electrically coupled to the heater, the first temperature sensor, and the second temperature sensor.
  • the computing device is configured to cause the heater to turn on for a period of time, measure an elapsed time for the first temperature to decrease to the second temperature after the heater is turned off, and correlate the elapsed time with a water content in the trunk of the tree.
  • a method comprising the steps of determining a trunk ambient temperature using a temperature sensor attached to a trunk of a plant and causing a heater to be energized for a period of time.
  • the heater is attached to the trunk of the plant, and the heater is proximate to the temperature sensor.
  • the method also comprises measuring an elapsed time for a temperature to decrease to the trunk ambient temperature, where the temperature is measured by the temperature sensor after the heater is turned off.
  • the method also includes correlating the elapsed time with a water content in the trunk of the plant.
  • an apparatus comprising a heater that is inserted into a trunk of a tree.
  • the apparatus also includes a first temperature sensor that is attached to the trunk of the tree and positioned adjacent to the heater.
  • the first temperature sensor is configured to measure a first temperature adjacent to the heater.
  • the apparatus also includes a second temperature sensor that is attached to the trunk of the tree and spaced away from the first temperature sensor.
  • the second temperature sensor is configured to measure a second temperature at the trunk of the tree, where the second temperature represents a trunk ambient temperature.
  • the apparatus includes a differential amplifier electrically coupled to the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, where the differential amplifier is configured to transmit a signal of a temperature difference between the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor.
  • the apparatus also includes a computing device communicatively coupled to the heater and the differential amplifier.
  • the computing device is configured to cause the heater to turn on for a period of time, measure an elapsed time for the signal to reach zero after the the heater is turned off, and correlate the elapsed time with a water content in the trunk of the tree.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the water absorption by major components of a plant, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 2 is an electrical schematic of an exemplary circuit, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 3 is functional diagram of the electronic schematic of FIG, 2, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 4 is graph of the measured time of heat dissipation in the tree trunk at 100%, 50%, and 0% water, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 5 is an exemplary circuit board prototype, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 6 is a first installed prototype of a real-time water status monitoring system of FIG. 5, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 7 is a second installed prototype of a real-time water status monitoring system of FIG. 5, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 8 is a sensor installation of a prototype, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph report of a daily water status of a monitored citrus tree, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph report of an hourly water status of a monitored citrus tree, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • FIGS. 1 1A and 1 1 B are exemplary illustrations of a water content measuring sensor, a signal conditioning system, and a waterproof enclosure, according to one embodiment described herein.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to determining the water status and health of trees.
  • growers either irrigate their orchards based on a fixed irrigation interval schedule or use a limited number of soil moisture sensors to determine the right time for irrigation.
  • traditional irrigation could result in wasting a lot of water because it does account for environmental factors and rain events, irrigation based on soil moisture also has its own drawbacks.
  • irrigation is usually based on a very small and limited number of soil sensors that do not represent the spatial variability of soil moisture content, if a soil sensor malfunctions, it could result in an over-irrigation or under-irrigation for a large number of trees, which is not desirable.
  • Measuring plant water content is a more direct way of determining the irrigation needs of the plant.
  • the ability to cost effectively monitor tree water uptake over a large area can be a useful tool in monitoring plant health, particularly by detecting early stages of water stress in trees.
  • Water uptake can refer to an amount of water entering into a plant through its roots.
  • Water stress can refer to a critical stage where the plant needs water in a timely manner in order to mitigate the problem before critical thresholds are exceeded. Additionally, water stress can reduce the productivity of the tree.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure have been used with a sample of trees in an area.
  • uitispectral aerial images have been taken to map water stress.
  • the challenge with muitispectral imaging alone is that the images may need to be calibrated based on tree water content. Otherwise, there is no reference point.
  • the muitispectral aerial imaging can be calibrated based on having the water uptake of several trees in an area. This will enable larger scale irrigation monitoring.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a low-cost system and method for directly monitoring the water status in trees.
  • the embodiments can show the real-time water status of the tree and can exhibit at least the following advantages:
  • HLB huanglongbing
  • Sap flow measurement techniques provide an estimate of whole-tree transpiration.
  • flaws have been identified with this approach.
  • One of the most obvious errors in this technique is that the sensor is highly sensitive to the changes in the ambient temperature, which can change remarkably more than the temperature dissipation in the trunk of the tree.
  • the sap flow measurement technique does not represent anything related to the water content of the trunk, and the hardware is not suitable for irrigation management.
  • PMS potential moisture stress
  • Various embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a new inexpensive system for measuring the amount of water in the trunk. However, unlike the sap flow measurement technique, these embodiments can use a unique signal conditioning system and algorithm to omit the effect of ambient temperature on the sensor measurement. [0024] To treat devastating diseases, such as Huanglongbing (HLB), thermal therapy has been used. The disclosed embodiments have been advantageously used to evaluate an effectiveness of how a tree recovers from HLB. A physiological factor can include a plant water uptake rate for monitoring tree health.
  • HLB Huanglongbing
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the water absorption by major components of a plant.
  • the term "plant” can refer to a living organism that absorbs water and inorganic substances through its roots.
  • the embodiments can be advantageously used with woody plants with a single stem or trunk, such as a tree.
  • a tree 100 has roots 104 in the soil 150 and a trunk 102 with one or more branches 106.
  • the one or more branches 106 have one or more leaves 108.
  • Water and inorganic substances enter the roots 104 and travel up the trunk 102 as shown by the arrows.
  • the tree 100 synthesizes the nutrients in its leaves 108 by photosynthesis using the green pigment chlorophyll. Water leaves the tree 100 through transpiration, as indicated by reference arrows 160.
  • FIG. 2 is an example of an electrical schematic of a circuit 200 that detects the tree water status independent of ambient temperature.
  • the term "tree water status" can refer to an indication as to whether a plant, e.g. a tree, needs watering through its roots.
  • the circuit 200 can cause a heating element to initiate a pulse of heat in close proximity to a trunk of the tree.
  • a first temperature sensor such as a first thermocouple
  • a second temperature sensor such as a second thermocouple
  • the ambient temperature can then be factored out of the rate of temperature dropping.
  • a cold junction compensation circuit can be used to subtract out the ambient temperature measured by the second thermocouple from a temperature measure by the first thermocouple adjacent to the heating element, in some embodiments, the first thermocouple and the second thermocouple are spaced one inch or more apart from each other.
  • a thermocouple instrument is discussed in various portions of the present disclosure, one skilled in the art would appreciate that other temperature sensor devices can be used.
  • the first thermocouple and the heater can be embedded into an electrode that is inserted into the trunk of the tree.
  • the circuit 200 and the displayed component values are provided to illustrate a tree water status monitoring system. Additionally, the circuit 200 and the displayed component values represent one exemplary embodiment, among others. It is important to note that the values of resistors, capacitors and Power MOSFET, supply voltages, and heater resistance can be changed depending on the type of temperature sensor used or the size of the probe within the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure. [0029] As shown in FIG. 2, there are two input voltages 9V and 5V DC.
  • the UCC37322P is a MOFET driver integrated circuit (IC) 202 used in this exemplary embodiment.
  • a microprocessor (not shown) to drive a digital signal 201 to the power OSFET (IRF640) 208, which controls a heater (4R5) 210.
  • a 10K ohm resistor 208 can be used to discharge the gate of the power MOSFET 1RF640 208.
  • a 47 ohm resistor 204 provides a current limit and thereby protects the MOSFET driver IC 202.
  • the heater 4R5 210 is approximately 4.5 ohms.
  • the 2V power connection on other side of the heater (4R5) 210 limits the voltage applied.
  • the applied voltage is restricted in order to limit the amount of the generated heat. Too much generated heat can destroy the plant.
  • the circuit 200 can include a first thermocouple Cu 212 and a second thermocouple Cu 214.
  • T-type thermocouples are used.
  • other temperature sensors can be used.
  • the number of temperature sensors can vary. For example, in some embodiments, a single temperature sensor can be used, as will be described.
  • the first thermocouple 212 and the second thermocouple 214 each include a 100 ohm resister 216 and 222 coupled in series with the thermocouple and a 10 uF capacitor 218 and 224 connected to ground as shown.
  • the second thermocouple 214 is also coupled a 1 M ohm resister 220, which is connected to ground.
  • AD8495 is a pre-amplifier 230 used to amplify the signal from first thermocouple 212 and the second thermocouple 214.
  • the pre-amplifier 230 is connected with a 10k ohm resister 232, which is connected to a 220k ohm resister 234.
  • the AD8495 provides cold junction compensation.
  • the resister 234 is connected to ground.
  • the ALD 701 differential amplifier 238 can be used to self-select the ambient temperature measured by the second thermocouple 214 as compared with the first thermocouple 212. The ambient temperature appears as a cold junction temperature.
  • the differential amplifier 236 is connected to a 220k ohm resister 238, which is also connected to the analog signal 240.
  • the differential amplifier 238 is also connected to a 10k ohm resister 242, which is also connected to the digital to analog converter 244.
  • the first thermocouple 212 and the second thermocouple 214 are the same type of thermal couple.
  • the thermocouples can be selected from a group of thermocouples comprising any of J, K, R, S, T, B, E, and/or N type thermocouples.
  • MCP4725 is a digital to analog converter 244.
  • SCL 250 represents a serial clock signal with a 10k ohm resister 248 connected to 5V as shown.
  • SDA 252 represents a serial data analog signal with a 10k ohm resister 248 connected to 5V as shown.
  • the microcontroller (not shown) can be any appropriate microcontroller or microprocessor. In one exemplary embodiment, an AMTEL microcontroller was used.
  • the analog signal 240 is connected to one of the analog pins of the employed microcontroller.
  • the analog signal 240 can be a voltage signal that represents a temperature difference value in each moment of the time.
  • TLVH431 is a voltage regulator 238.
  • the 5V power connection is in series with a 1 K ohm resister 226, which is in series with the voltage regulator 238.
  • a soil moisture sensor can take a measurement of the soil moisture around the root of the tree.
  • a healthy tree uptakes water at a normal rate if there is water available to it in the soil.
  • a stressed tree or disease- infected tree may not uptake water at the normal rate, even when water is available in the soil.
  • a stressed tree may not have enough room in the trunk for uptaking water, even if there is enough water in the soil.
  • the circuit 200 can be configured with a single temperature sensor for measuring a first temperature representing an ambient temperature of the trunk of a tree and for measuring a second temperature representing a failing temperature.
  • the temperature sensor can be used to determine an ambient temperature.
  • the microcontroller can cause the heater 210 to turn on for a time period, which elevates the present temperature at the trunk.
  • the temperature sensor can be used to measure a failing temperature inside of the trunk of the tree.
  • the microcontroller can measure the time elapsed from a first point in time where the heater 210 was turned off to a second point in which the failing temperature returns to the measured ambient temperature. The elapsed time needed to reach the ambient temperature can be used to determine the amount of water content in the trunk of the tree.
  • the elapsed time can be correlated to a water content amount based on various methods and factors. For instance, a greater amount of water content facilitates the dissipation of heater is faster manner, and therefore a greater amount of water shortens the elapsed time for the elevated temperature to return to the ambient temperature.
  • the elapsed time can be converted to the water content percentage of the trunk (W%) using this equation:
  • W% ⁇ - ⁇ T
  • T is the elapsed time value and coefficients a and ⁇ are driven via linear regression analysis of the elapsed time values where the sensor is floated in absolute water content of 100% and the sensor is inserted inside drilled holes inside the dry wood (sample piece of wood texture from the similar tree that planned to use this sensor for measuring the water content) as 0% of water.
  • this calibration setup can be valid for extracting the relative values of coefficients a and ⁇ where the water movement inside the trunk assumed to be very slow or neglectabie during the elapse time measurement.
  • this equation can be redefined as a function of water movement velocity (v) inside the trunk as:
  • W%(v) a v - ⁇ ⁇ T v
  • T v is the elapsed time at the water movement with the velocity of v.
  • ⁇ ⁇ are the coefficients extracted form regression analysis (linear or non-linear) of the elapsed time values at the water movement velocity of v.
  • FIG. 3 is functional diagram 300 of the circuit 200 of FIG. 2.
  • the heater 310 is turned on for few seconds as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the functional diagram 300 illustrates a first temperature sensor 312 and a second temperature sensor 314 that are connected to a differential amplifier 336.
  • one temperature sensor such as second temperature sensor 314, can be independently measuring the ambient temperature and can be used as a feedback from an ambient electronic board (cold junction compensation circuit 330) temperature for the microcontroller.
  • the differential amplifier 336 is connected to an analog to digital/digital to analog converter 344.
  • the period of time in which the heater 3 0 is turned on is not fixed and can be changed depending on the size of the probe and/or the resistance of the heater 310.
  • the heater time should be sufficient to produce a temperature difference that can be sensed; and the temperature should not be allowed to get hot enough that if could damage or result in undesirable stress on the tree.
  • the cold junction compensation circuit 330 can be used to factor out ambient temperatures associated with an electronic board of the system, in one example, the cold junction compensation circuit 330 can include a third temperature sensor 316.
  • the third temperature sensor 316 can be a different type of temperature sensor from the first temperature sensor 312 and the second temperature sensor 314. The first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor can be inserted in the trunk of the tree.
  • the third temperature sensor 316 can be a different type since it can be positioned on the electronic circuit board and if is not inserted into the trunk.
  • the third temperature sensor 316 can be used to calibrate the second temperature sensor 314. Specifically, the third temperature sensor 316 can be used to adjust the ambient temperature measurement provided by the second temperature sensor 314.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure can measure the amount of water that exists in the tree trunk at an interval of several minutes to several hours depending on the size of the probe, the size of the data storage, the size of the power source, the size of the battery, or other suitable factors.
  • the heater 310 is turned on only for a few seconds until the distributed heat has stabilized in the entire heater probe. In one example, the heater 310 is turned on for a settable period of time or for a predefined range within the increase in temperature measured between the first temperature sensor 312 and the second temperature sensor 314. In another example, the heater 310 is turned on for a length of time that is based on both a combination of time and temperature difference between the first temperature sensor 312 and the second temperature sensor 314.
  • a time measurement can be taken.
  • the time measurement is a dissipation time of the elevated temperature of the tree trunk to fall back to the temperature of the second temperature sensor 314, which represents a reference temperature before the heat was applied.
  • the time measurement is a dissipation time for the elevated temperature measured by the first temperature sensor 312 to fail within a predefined temperature range of the temperature measured by the second temperature sensor 314, This dissipation time can be used to correlate the approximate percentage of water in a free trunk.
  • the heat dissipation speed decreases when the trunk water content decreases.
  • This heat dissipation speed has a positive correlation with the amount of water stored in the trunk of the tree.
  • the status of the tree can be estimated. This provides a more accurate measurement for detecting water stressed trees, and it also enables for earlier decisions on whether the tree needs water, before the signals of the water stress appear in the leaves of the tree.
  • a system can be used to calibrate multispectral aerial imaging data for an area associated with a tree.
  • water content determined for one or more sample trees can be used to correlate the water content of other trees that are not being measured, in other words, the determined water content of the sample trees provides reference points for extrapolating the water content of other trees in the surrounding area.
  • the multispectral aerial imaging can be calibrated based on having the water uptake of several trees in an area. This will enable larger scale irrigation monitoring.
  • the system can determine water content for one or more trees in an area and the determined water content can be used to initiate an irrigation system.
  • a computing device of the disclosed embodiment can be in data communication with an irrigation controller for an irrigation system.
  • the water content for one or more trees can be determined to be less than 40%.
  • the water content can be compared with an irrigation threshold.
  • the 40% water content can be compared with an irrigation threshold of 50%.
  • the computing device can instruct the irrigation controller to initiate a watering zone which includes the measured trees.
  • the determined water content for one or more trees can be used to determine the water content of other trees that are not being measured based on multispectral aerial imaging data. Then, the system can instruction an irrigation controller to initiate one or more watering zone based on the multispectral aerial imaging data.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph of the measured time of heat dissipation in the tree trunk at 100%, 50%, and 0% water.
  • FIG. 4 shows a first plot representing 100% water content in the tree trunk, a second plot representing 50% water content, and a third plot representing 0% water content.
  • FIG. 4 also indicates that time interval t1 represents the elapsed time for the first plot to fall to a reference temperature after the heater is turned off, where the reference temperature can be the ambient temperature measured by the second temperature sensor.
  • Time interval t2 represents the elapsed time for the second plot to fall to the reference time
  • time interval t3 represents the elapsed time for the third plot to fall to the reference time.
  • the first plot falls to the reference temperature faster than the second plot and the third plot.
  • the elapsed time t1 is shorter than the elapsed time t2 and the elapsed time t3.
  • FIG. 5 is an image of an example of the real-time water status monitoring system.
  • Systems have been fabricated and installed to monitor the water status of citrus trees in Lake Alfred and Fort Meade, FL as shown in FIGS. 8 and 7.
  • a system can include a processor, a reset button, an on/off switch, a connector for a real-time clock, a terminal for a renewable power supply, a terminal for a sensor communication cable, a resettabie ruse, a dc/dc converter, a micro SD socket, and a micro SD memory card.
  • the sensor installation is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the daily water status of a citrus tree was monitored for a duration of 70 days.
  • FIG. 8 shows images of a sensor installation of on a tree.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph plot of a daily water status in a monitored citrus tree, where the tree is functioning under both normal conditions and after 35 days of applied artificial water stress. Finally, the results show that the disclosed inexpensive system can be employed to monitor the tree water status in real time.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph plot of an hourly water status of a monitored citrus tree under both normal and stressed conditions.
  • FIGS. 1 1 A and 1 1 B are a picture of a water content measuring sensor, signal conditioning system, and waterproof enclosure.
  • the components in FIG. 1 1A include a signal conditioning system coupled to a sensing probe and a reference probe.
  • the sensing probe can represent the first thermocouple 212/312 used to measure a failing temperature after the heater 210 has been turned off.
  • the reference probe can represent the second thermocouple 214/314 used to measure the ambient temperature of the tree trunk, in FIG. 1 1 B, the components can represent a waterproof enclosure that includes the components of FIG. 1 1 A.
  • Disjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, or Z," unless specifically stated otherwise, is otherwise understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne divers modes de réalisation permettant de déterminer le bilan hydrique d'arbres. Dans un mode de réalisation, un système comprend une unité de chauffage et un capteur de température fixé à un tronc d'arbre. Le système comprend également un dispositif informatique conçu pour déterminer une température ambiante du tronc à l'aide du capteur de température. Le dispositif informatique amène également l'unité de chauffage à tourner pendant une certaine période. Le capteur de température sert à mesurer un temps écoulé pour qu'une température diminue jusqu'à la température ambiante du tronc. Le dispositif informatique corrèle également le temps écoulé avec une teneur en eau dans le tronc de l'arbre.
PCT/US2018/043248 2017-07-25 2018-07-23 Système de surveillance de bilan hydrique d'arbres en temps réel économique permettant la gestion de l'irrigation et la détection de stress WO2019023108A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110243858A (zh) * 2019-06-10 2019-09-17 佛山科学技术学院 一种植物液流检测装置及其检测方法
WO2022234564A1 (fr) * 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 Treetoscope Ltd Capteur d'écoulement de sève et procédé de détermination de vitesse d'écoulement de sève

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4745805A (en) * 1985-05-30 1988-05-24 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomizue Process and device for the measurement of the flow of raw sap in the stem of a plant such as a tree
US4817427A (en) * 1987-09-19 1989-04-04 Kyushu University Device for measuring water flow rate in plant stem
US5341673A (en) * 1992-01-03 1994-08-30 University Of Florida Method and device for monitoring of moisture in soil
US20080025366A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2008-01-31 Mcburney Terence Probe for Measuring Thermal and Hydraulic Properties
US20170010296A1 (en) * 2014-02-03 2017-01-12 National University Corporation Kagawa University Plant water dynamics sensor

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4745805A (en) * 1985-05-30 1988-05-24 Institut National De La Recherche Agronomizue Process and device for the measurement of the flow of raw sap in the stem of a plant such as a tree
US4817427A (en) * 1987-09-19 1989-04-04 Kyushu University Device for measuring water flow rate in plant stem
US5341673A (en) * 1992-01-03 1994-08-30 University Of Florida Method and device for monitoring of moisture in soil
US20080025366A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2008-01-31 Mcburney Terence Probe for Measuring Thermal and Hydraulic Properties
US20170010296A1 (en) * 2014-02-03 2017-01-12 National University Corporation Kagawa University Plant water dynamics sensor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110243858A (zh) * 2019-06-10 2019-09-17 佛山科学技术学院 一种植物液流检测装置及其检测方法
CN110243858B (zh) * 2019-06-10 2024-03-22 佛山科学技术学院 一种植物液流检测装置及其检测方法
WO2022234564A1 (fr) * 2021-05-05 2022-11-10 Treetoscope Ltd Capteur d'écoulement de sève et procédé de détermination de vitesse d'écoulement de sève

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