WO2019019205A1 - 一种气气高温换热器 - Google Patents

一种气气高温换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019205A1
WO2019019205A1 PCT/CN2017/095548 CN2017095548W WO2019019205A1 WO 2019019205 A1 WO2019019205 A1 WO 2019019205A1 CN 2017095548 W CN2017095548 W CN 2017095548W WO 2019019205 A1 WO2019019205 A1 WO 2019019205A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
temperature
heat exchange
tube
heat exchanger
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PCT/CN2017/095548
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王秋旺
张攀
马挺
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西安交通大学
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Application filed by 西安交通大学 filed Critical 西安交通大学
Priority to US16/632,382 priority Critical patent/US11287194B2/en
Publication of WO2019019205A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019205A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F28D7/0083—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids with units having particular arrangement relative to a supplementary heat exchange medium, e.g. with interleaved units or with adjacent units arranged in common flow of supplementary heat exchange medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0066—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/106—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of two coaxial conduits or modules of two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1615—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium
    • F28D7/1623—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits being inside a casing and extending at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the casing; the conduits crossing the conduit for the other heat exchange medium with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/30—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means being attachable to the element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/42—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being both outside and inside the tubular element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/24—Arrangements for promoting turbulent flow of heat-exchange media, e.g. by plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0024—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for combustion apparatus, e.g. for boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0056—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for ovens or furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0016—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being bent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2215/00—Fins
    • F28F2215/04—Assemblies of fins having different features, e.g. with different fin densities
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • F28F2270/02—Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling by using blind conduits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger which can be used in the fields of metallurgy, chemical industry, energy and waste incineration, and can withstand high temperature conditions, in particular to a high-temperature heat exchanger in which a gas participates in heat exchange.
  • heat exchangers In recent years, the working environment temperature of heat exchangers has developed toward high temperature and high pressure, such as sulfur iodine thermochemical hydrogen production, ethylene cracking, high temperature and high pressure ammonia synthesis, etc.
  • the operating temperature of heat exchangers is often higher than 1000 ° C.
  • the production process requires high temperature, high pressure and corrosion resistant heat exchangers to ensure efficient and safe production.
  • heat transfer is usually performed by providing fins on the inner and outer wall surfaces of the tube.
  • many domestic and foreign researchers have proposed that the structure of the inner and outer finned tube heat exchangers can be used for heat transfer enhancement of heat exchangers.
  • the inner and outer finned tubes have large heat exchange areas on both sides, and the convection on both sides is strengthened.
  • the heat increases the heat exchange capacity of the heat exchanger, but at present, the inner and outer finned tube heat exchangers also have some problems: on the one hand, the inner and outer fins also bring heat to the heat exchanger and also bring the wall The temperature is increased.
  • the wall temperature is too high, which will greatly increase the welding difficulty and welding cost of the fins.
  • the wall temperature is too high.
  • the high height also reduces the firmness of the fins to the wall surface of the tube, and even separates from the inner wall surface of the tube, so that the heat exchange performance of the heat exchanger is reduced, and the operation cannot be performed efficiently and efficiently; on the other hand, the inner and outer fin tubes are compared with The light pipe will also greatly increase the flow resistance of the fluid on both sides, increase the power consumption, and there is a risk of clogging of the outer fin tube when the high temperature gas contains dust.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gas-gas high-temperature heat exchanger, which is provided with a corresponding heat-enhanced heat exchanger structure in different temperature regions of the heat exchanger to realize the step utilization of heat and reduce the temperature of the pipe wall. Avoid the high-temperature welding problem of the inner fins, reduce the difficulty and cost of the inner fin welding, control the flow resistance of the fluid on both sides, and make the heat exchange efficiency and stability of the obtained heat exchanger superior to the general shell-and-tube heat exchanger .
  • An air-gas high-temperature heat exchanger comprising a casing, a pipe box connected to the casing, a tube plate, a low-temperature gas inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe, wherein the heat exchanger is divided into a heat exchange zone and a second heat exchange zone, the gas flow direction of the first heat exchange zone is a cross flow, the low temperature gas flows in the pipe, the insert is arranged in the pipe, the fin is arranged outside the pipe; the heat exchange pipe in the second heat exchange zone
  • the casing structure has a high-temperature gas flowing in the core tube, and the low-temperature gas flows in the annular region between the core tube and the outer tube, and the gas flow on both sides is reverse flow, and the high-temperature gas flows out from the core tube and then enters the second heat exchange area again.
  • the shell side region is in cross flow with the flow direction of the low temperature gas, an interposer is disposed in the core tube, and inner fins are disposed in the annular
  • the high temperature gas is high temperature flue gas
  • the low temperature gas is air
  • the high temperature gas sequentially flows through the shell side of the first heat exchange zone, the tube side of the second heat exchange zone and the shell side of the second heat exchange zone, and the low temperature gas sequentially Flowing through the tube side of the second heat exchange zone and the first heat exchange zone.
  • the second heat exchange zone heat exchanger tube is provided with fins or no fins.
  • a pipe length is set in the first heat exchange zone, and when the temperature of the high temperature gas is relatively high, the first heat exchange zone is provided with a plurality of pipe runs.
  • the number of longitudinal corrugations of the inner fins gradually increases in the direction of gas flow.
  • the heat exchange tube, the outer fin and the inner insert in the first heat exchange zone are made of high temperature resistant material, and the outer tube, the core tube, the inner fin and the inner insert in the second heat exchange zone are made of common materials.
  • a heat insulating layer is provided on the surface of the tube sheet and the inner wall of the housing.
  • the inner fins are longitudinal corrugated fins or longitudinal flat fins.
  • the inner fin is perforated or slit.
  • the outer fins are H-shaped fins, circular fins or integral fins.
  • the outer fin is perforated, slit, provided with a longitudinal vortex generator or provided with a louver.
  • the insert is a twisted ribbon in-tube insert.
  • the insert has a hole, a slit or an airfoil structure.
  • the inner heat exchanger is provided in the first heat exchange zone of the heat exchanger, which has high thermal stability, avoids the high temperature welding of the inner fins, and simultaneously strengthens the heat transfer effect on both sides to make the temperature of the high temperature gas remarkable. Decreasing, thereby reducing the wall temperature of the second heat exchange zone; meanwhile, the front and rear dense inner fins disposed in the second heat exchange zone can adjust the ratio of thermal resistance inside and outside the core tube at different temperature zones, and reduce the wall temperature The difficulty and cost of fin welding are reduced, and the stable operation of the inner fins is ensured.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the invention can improve the heat exchange efficiency and compactness of the high temperature heat exchanger.
  • the invention can reduce the wall temperature of the high temperature heat exchanger, improve the withstand temperature of the heat exchanger, and can prolong the service life.
  • the invention can reduce the flow resistance of the heat exchanger and improve the comprehensive performance of the heat exchanger.
  • the invention can reduce the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a high temperature heat exchanger of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(a) is a schematic view showing the structure of a heat exchange tube of a first heat exchange zone in the present invention.
  • FIG. 2(b) is a structural schematic view of a heat exchange tube of a second heat exchange zone in the present invention.
  • a gas-gas high-temperature heat exchanger comprising a casing, a tube plate connected to the casing, a low-temperature gas inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe, wherein the heat exchanger is divided into a first heat exchange Zone and second heat exchange zone, the gas flow direction on both sides of the first heat exchange zone is a cross flow, the low temperature gas flows in the pipe, the insert is arranged in the pipe, the fin is arranged outside the pipe; the heat exchange pipe in the second heat exchange zone has the casing
  • the high-temperature gas flows in the core tube, the low-temperature gas flows in the annular region between the core tube and the outer tube, and the gas flow on both sides is reverse flow, and the high-temperature gas flows out from the core tube and then enters the shell side region of the second heat exchange region again.
  • the flow direction of the warm gas is a cross flow, and the insert is arranged in the core tube, and the front and rear dense fins are arranged in the annular region; the high temperature gas flows into the heat exchanger from one side of the first heat exchange region, and sequentially flows through the first heat exchange region.
  • the shell side, the tube side of the second heat exchange zone, and the shell side of the second heat exchange zone transfer heat to the cryogenic gas.
  • the invention can realize the efficient step utilization of heat, can improve the heat transfer efficiency of the heat exchanger, and can significantly reduce the wall temperature of the heat exchanger, improve the high temperature resistance of the heat exchanger, and reduce the manufacturing cost of the high temperature heat exchanger. Can be used in high temperature environments.
  • a gas-high temperature heat exchanger includes a casing 12, a tube sheet 5 connected to the casing 12, a low-temperature gas inlet pipe 6 and an outlet pipe 7, and a high-temperature gas outlet pipe 8.
  • the heat exchanger is divided into a first heat exchange zone 1 and a second heat exchange zone 2.
  • the high temperature gas 3 is a high temperature flue gas, and as a heat source of the heat exchanger, sequentially flows through the shell side of the first heat exchange zone 1, the tube side of the second heat exchange zone 2, and the shell side of the second heat exchange zone 2, and then
  • the outlet pipe 8 flows out of the heat exchanger
  • the low temperature gas 4 is air, which sequentially flows through the second heat exchange zone 2 and the pipe side of the first heat exchange zone 1, and then flows out of the heat exchanger from the outlet pipe 7.
  • the fluid flow direction on both sides of the first heat exchange area 1 is a cross flow
  • the inner insert 9 is arranged in the tube
  • the outer fin 10 is disposed outside the tube.
  • the inner insert 9 has the characteristics of high thermal stability, and the inner insert 9 is used to replace the traditional inner and outer fin tubes.
  • the inner fins can avoid the safety hazard caused by the high temperature welding of the inner fins, and overcome the disadvantage of large flow resistance in the tube; the common heat transfer effect on both sides of the heat exchange tubes in the first heat exchange zone 1 causes the flow
  • the temperature of the high temperature gas 3 is significantly lowered, thereby lowering the wall surface temperature of the heat exchange tube in the second heat exchange zone 2; the heat exchange tube in the second heat exchange zone 2 has a casing structure, and the high temperature gas 1 flows in the core tube 13
  • the low temperature gas 2 flows in the annular region between the core tube 13 and the outer tube 14, the fluid flow on both sides is reverse flow, the inner insert 9 is disposed in the heat exchange tube 13 and the annular region between the core tube 13 and the outer tube
  • the inner fins 11 are provided, and the inner fins 11 can significantly increase the heat exchange area and enhance the fluid disturbance, and transfer heat from the high-temperature gas 3 to the low-temperature gas 4 through the double-side heat transfer enhancement; the high-temperature gas 1 flows out from the core tube
  • the flow direction of the warm gas 4 is a cross flow, and no fins are disposed outside the heat exchange tube of the second heat exchange zone 2, which can significantly reduce the wall temperature and improve the life of the inner fin 13 and the heat exchanger.
  • the outer fins may be disposed outside the heat exchange tube in the second heat exchange zone 2, The two sides of the inside and outside of the tube jointly enhance the heat transfer effect to further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the longitudinal corrugation number of the inner fin 11 is gradually increased along the flow direction of the low temperature gas 4, so that the temperature of the core tube wall surface can be lowered by adjusting the ratio of the thermal resistance of the inner and outer sides of the core tube in different regions, so that the welding difficulty and welding of the inner fin 11 are made.
  • the cost is greatly reduced, thereby ensuring the safety of welding the inner fins 11.
  • the first heat exchange zone 1 When the temperature of the high temperature gas 3 is relatively low or the heat exchange task is relatively small, the first heat exchange zone 1 is provided with a tube process to complete the heat exchange task; when the temperature of the high temperature gas 3 is relatively high or the heat exchange task is relatively large, The first heat exchange zone 1 is provided with a plurality of pipe runs, fully utilizing the high-efficiency step utilization of the high-temperature flue gas heat, and improving the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchange tube has a sleeve structure
  • the core tube 13 is nested inside the outer tube 14
  • an interposer 9 is disposed inside the core tube 13
  • the interposer 9 and the core tube 13 are disposed at both ends of the tube.
  • the inner portion of the inner insert 9 is not connected to the core tube 13, and the longitudinal corrugated inner fin 11 is disposed in the annular region between the core tube 13 and the outer tube 14, and the fin 11 is welded to the inner wall of the outer tube 14, and the core
  • the outer wall of the tube 13 is not connected, and the number of longitudinal corrugations of the fins 11 gradually increases in the direction of fluid flow, and the inner fins 11 and the interposer 9 can be perforated or slit to further enhance heat transfer.
  • the H-shaped outer fins 10 are symmetrically and uniformly fixed on the outer wall of the circular tube, and an empty groove 15 is opened between the two fins on the same tube in the direction of fluid flow, adjacent to the tube.
  • gaps 16 between the fins which can be perforated, slitted, provided with a longitudinal vortex generator or with louvers to further enhance heat transfer.
  • the gas-gas high-temperature heat exchanger of the present invention can be industrially manufactured or used, and has industrial applicability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种气气高温换热器，包括壳体（12），连接于壳体（12）上的管板（5）、低温气体（4）进口（6）与出口（7）、高温气体（3）进口与出口（8）。其中，换热器分为第一换热区（1）和第二换热区（2）。第一换热区（1）中两侧气体流向为交叉流，低温气体（4）在管内流动，管内设置插件（9），管外设置翅片（10），强化传热的同时可以起到降低第二换热区（2）管壁温度的作用。第二换热区（2）中换热管具有套管结构，高温气体（3）在芯管（13）内流动，低温气体（4）在芯管（13）与外管（14）之间的环形区域内流动，两侧气体流向为逆流，高温气体（3）从芯管（13）流出后再次流入第二换热区（2），与低温气体（4）的流向为交叉流，芯管（13）内设置插件（9），环形区域内设置前疏后密型翅片，可以显著降低芯管（13）的壁面温度。高温气体（3）从第一换热区（1）的一侧流入换热器，依次通过第一换热区（1）和第二换热区（2），将热量传递给低温气体（4），实现热量的梯级利用，提高换热器的换热效率和降低换热器的壁温，可应用于高温环境。

Description

一种气气高温换热器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种在冶金、化工、能源和垃圾焚烧等领域使用，可承受高温条件的管壳式换热器，特别涉及一种气体参与换热的高温换热器。
背景技术
近年来，换热器的工作环境温度朝着高温高压的方向发展，如硫碘热化学制氢、乙烯裂解、高温高压氨的合成等工业中换热器的工作温度常常高于1000℃，这些生产过程都需要耐高温、耐高压、耐腐蚀的换热器来保证生产的效率和安全。
对于有气体参与换热的管壳式换热器，通常是利用在管内外壁面上设置翅片的方式来强化传热。近年来，不少国内外学者提出将内外翅片管换热器的结构用于换热器的强化传热，内外翅片管两侧具有较大的换热面积，强化了两侧的对流换热，提高了换热器的换热能力，但是现阶段的内外翅片管换热器也存在一些问题：一方面，内外翅片在使换热器传热强化的同时也会带来管壁温度的提高，对于高温条件下的换热，管壁温度过高会大大提高翅片的焊接难度和焊接成本，同时由于内翅片通常是通过钎焊的方式与管内壁面贴合，壁面温度过高也会使翅片与管壁面贴合的牢固性大大降低，甚至与管内壁面发生分离，使得换热器的换热性能下降，不能高效稳定运行；另一方面，内外翅片管相较于光管也会大大提高两侧流体的流动阻力，增加功耗，同时当高温气体含有灰尘时外翅片管也会存在积灰堵塞的风险。
发明内容
为了克服上述不足之处，本发明的目的是提供一种气气高温换热器，在换热器不同温度区域设置相应的强化换热器结构，实现热量的梯级利用，同时降低管壁温度，避免内翅片的高温焊接难题，降低内翅片焊接的难度和成本，控制两侧流体的流动阻力，使所得到换热器的换热效率和稳定性优于一般的管壳式换热器。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
一种气气高温换热器，包括一个壳体，连接于壳体上的管箱、管板、低温气体进口管和出口管、以及高温气体出口管，其特征在于，换热器分为第一换热区和第二换热区，第一换热区中两侧气体流向为交叉流，低温气体在管内流动，管内设置插件，管外设置翅片；第二换热区中换热管具有套管结构，高温气体在芯管内流动，低温气体在芯管与外管之间的环形区域内流动，两侧气体流向为逆流，高温气体从芯管内流出后再次进入第二换热区的壳侧区域，与低温气体的流向为交叉流，芯管内设置内插件，环形区域内设置内翅片。
所述的高温气体为高温烟气，低温气体是空气，高温气体依次流经第一换热区的壳侧、第二换热区的管侧和第二换热区的壳侧，低温气体依次流经第二换热区和第一换热区的管侧。
所述的第二换热区换热管外部设置翅片或者不设置翅片。
所述的高温气体温度比较低时，第一换热区设置一个管程，高温气体温度比较高时，第一换热区设置多个管程。
所述的内翅片纵向波纹数沿气体流动方向逐渐增加。
所述的第一换热区中的换热管、外翅片、内插件由耐高温材料制造，第二换热区中的外管、芯管、内翅片和内插件由普通材料制造，管板表面和壳体内壁设置隔热层。
所述的内翅片是纵向波纹型翅片或纵向平直翅片。
所述的内翅片上开孔或者开缝。
所述的外翅片是H型翅片、圆形翅片或整体型翅片。
所述的外翅片上开孔、开缝、设置纵向涡发生器或者设置百叶窗。
所述的内插件是扭带状的管内插入物。
所述的内插件上开孔、开缝或者设置翼型结构。
本发明相对于现有技术的优点和效果是：
①提高换热效率：换热器不同温度区域设置不同的强化换热结构，对不同温度的高温气体进行热量回收，实现了热量的梯级利用，可有效提高换热 器总换热量和换热效率。
②降低换热器壁温：换热器第一换热区管内设置内插件，热稳定性高，避免了内翅片的高温焊接，同时两侧的共同强化传热作用使高温气体的温度显著降低，从而降低了第二换热区的管壁温度；同时，第二换热区中设置的前疏后密型内翅片可以调节不同温度区域处芯管内外的热阻比例，降低壁温，减小了翅片焊接的难度和成本，保证了内翅片的稳定运行。
③降低流动阻力：在换热器第一换热区的管内以及第二换热区的芯管内用内插件代替内翅片，增大了流体流通面积，使工质流速降低，有助于降低阻力节省功耗。
④降低制造成本：换热器第二换热区的部件使用普通材料，节约了耐高温材料，克服了传统高温换热器制造成本高的缺点。
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
①本发明可以提高高温换热器的换热效率和紧凑性。
②本发明可以降低高温换热器的壁温，提高换热器的耐受温度，并能够延长使用寿命。
③本发明可以减小换热器流动阻力，提高换热器的综合性能。
④本发明可以降低换热器制造成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明高温换热器的结构示意图。
图2(a)为本发明中第一换热区换热管的结构示意图。
图2(b)为本发明中第二换热区换热管的结构示意图。
本发明的较佳实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
一种气气高温换热器，包括一个壳体，连接于壳体上的管板、低温气体进口管和出口管、以及高温气体出口管，其特征在于，换热器分为第一换热 区和第二换热区，第一换热区中两侧气体流向为交叉流，低温气体在管内流动，管内设置插件，管外设置翅片；第二换热区中换热管具有套管结构，高温气体在芯管内流动，低温气体在芯管与外管之间的环形区域内流动，两侧气体流向为逆流，高温气体从芯管内流出后再次进入第二换热区的壳侧区域，与低
温气体的流向为交叉流，芯管内设置插件，环形区域内设置前疏后密型翅片；高温气体从第一换热区的一侧流入换热器，依次流经第一换热区的壳侧、第二换热区的管侧和第二换热区的壳侧，将热量传递给低温气体。本发明可实现对热量的高效梯级利用，可提高换热器的传热效率，并能够显著降低换热器的壁面温度，提高换热器的耐高温性能，降低高温换热器的制造成本，可应用于高温环境。
参照图1所示，一种气气高温换热器包括一个壳体12，连接于壳体12上的管板5、低温气体进口管6和出口管7、以及高温气体出口管8。换热器分为第一换热区1和第二换热区2。高温气体3为高温烟气，作为换热器的热源，依次流经第一换热区1的壳侧、第二换热区2的管侧和第二换热区2的壳侧，然后从出口管8流出换热器，低温气体4是空气，依次流经第二换热区2和第一换热区1的管侧，然后从出口管7流出换热器。第一换热区1两侧流体流向为交叉流，管内设置内插件9，管外设置外翅片10，内插件9具有热稳定性高的特点，利用内插件9代替传统内外翅片管中的内翅片，能够避免内翅片的高温焊接所带来的安全隐患，同时克服了管内流动阻力大的缺点；第一换热区1中换热管两侧的共同强化传热作用使流过的高温气体3温度显著降低，因此降低了第二换热区2中换热管的壁面温度；第二换热区2中换热管具有套管结构，高温气体1在芯管13内流动，低温气体2在芯管13与外管14之间的环形区域内流动，两侧流体流向为逆流，换热管芯管13内设置内插件9，芯管13与外管之间的环形区域设置内翅片11，内翅片11能够显著提高换热面积以及增强流体扰动，通过双侧强化传热作用将热量从高温气体3传递给低温气体4；高温气体1从芯管13流出后再次进入第二换热区2加热低温气体4，与低温气体4的流向为交叉流，第二换热区2换热管外部不设置翅片，这样能够显著降低壁温，提高内翅片13和换热器使用寿 命，当第二换热区2的换热管壁面温度远低于内翅片11焊接的临界危险温度时，也可在第二换热区2中的换热管外部设置外翅片，通过管内外的双侧共同强化传热作用进一步提高换热器换热效率。内翅片11的纵向波纹数沿低温气体4的流动方向逐渐增加，这样可以通过调节不同区域芯管内外两侧的热阻比例来降低芯管壁面温度，使内翅片11的焊接难度和焊接成本大大降低，从而保证内翅片11焊接的安全性。当高温气体3的温度相对较低或换热任务相对较小时，第一换热区1设置一个管程便可完成换热任务；当高温气体3温度比较高或换热任务相对较大时，第一换热区1设置多个管程，充分实现高温烟气热量的高效梯级利用，提高换热器的换热效率。第一换热区1中的换热管、外翅片10、内插件9由耐高温材料制造，第二换热区中的外管14、芯管13、内翅片11和内插件9由普通材料制造，可以降低成本；管板5表面和壳体12内壁设置隔热层，避免热量的耗散和浪费。
参照图2(a)所示，换热管具有套管结构，芯管13嵌套在外管14的内部，在芯管13内部设置内插件9，在管子两端将内插件9与芯管13进行焊接，内插件9的管内部分与芯管13不连接，在芯管13与外管14之间的环形区域内设置纵向波纹内翅片11，翅片11与外管14内壁焊接，与芯管13外壁不连接，沿流体流动方向内翅片11的纵向波纹数逐渐增加，可在内翅片11和内插件9上打孔或开缝以进一步强化传热。
参照图2(b)所示，H型外翅片10对称均匀固定于圆管外壁上，在流体来流方向同一根管上的两个翅片之间开有空槽15，相邻管上的翅片之间留有间隙16，可在翅片上打孔、开缝、设置纵向涡发生器或设置百叶窗以进一步强化传热。
工业实用性
本发明的气气高温换热器可以在工业上制造或使用，具备工业实用性。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种气气高温换热器，包括一个壳体(12)，连接于壳体(12)上的管板(5)、低温气体进口管(6)和出口管(7)、以及高温气体出口管(8)，其特征在于，换热器分为第一换热区(1)和第二换热区(2)，第一换热区(1)中两侧气体流向为交叉流，低温气体(4)在管内流动，管内设置内插件(9)，管外设置外翅片(10)；第二换热区(2)中换热管具有套管结构，高温气体(3)在芯管(13)内流动，低温气体(4)在芯管(13)与外管(14)之间的环形区域内流动，两侧气体流向为逆流，高温气体(3)从芯管(13)流出后再次流入第二换热区(2)的壳侧区域，与低温气体(4)的流向为交叉流，芯管(13)内设置内插件(9)，环形区域内设置内翅片(11)。
  2. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的高温气体(3)为高温烟气，低温气体(4)是空气，高温气体(3)依次流经第一换热区(1)的壳侧、第二换热区(2)的管侧和第二换热区(2)的壳侧，低温气体(4)依次流经第二换热区(2)的管侧和第一换热区(1)的管侧。
  3. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的第二换热区(2)换热管外部设置翅片或者不设置翅片。
  4. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的高温气体(3)温度较低时，第一换热区(1)内设置一个管程，高温气体(3)温度较高时，第一换热区(1)内设置多个管程。
  5. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的内翅片(11)纵向波纹数沿低温气体(4)流动方向逐渐增加。
  6. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的第一换热区(1)中的换热管、外翅片(10)、内插件(9)由耐高温材料制造，第二换热区中的外管(14)、芯管(13)、内翅片(11)和内插件(9)由普通材料制造，管板(5)表面和壳体(12)内壁设置隔热层。
  7. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的内翅片(11)是纵向波纹型翅片或纵向平直翅片。
  8. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的内翅片(11)上开孔或者开缝。
  9. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的外翅片(10)是H型翅片、圆形翅片或整体型翅片。
  10. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的外翅片(10)上开孔、开缝、设置纵向涡发生器或者设置百叶窗。
  11. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的内插件(9)是扭带状的管内插入物。
  12. 据权利要求1所述的一种气气高温换热器，其特征在于，所述的内插件(9)上开孔、开缝或者设置翼型结构。
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