WO2019019101A1 - SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ADVANCED RANDOM ACCESS PREAMBLE TRANSMISSIONS - Google Patents

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ADVANCED RANDOM ACCESS PREAMBLE TRANSMISSIONS Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019019101A1
WO2019019101A1 PCT/CN2017/094712 CN2017094712W WO2019019101A1 WO 2019019101 A1 WO2019019101 A1 WO 2019019101A1 CN 2017094712 W CN2017094712 W CN 2017094712W WO 2019019101 A1 WO2019019101 A1 WO 2019019101A1
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Prior art keywords
length
rach preamble
cyclic prefix
symbol
rach
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PCT/CN2017/094712
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Junfeng Zhang
Peng Hao
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Zte Corporation
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/094712 priority Critical patent/WO2019019101A1/en
Priority to CN201780093428.7A priority patent/CN110945953B/zh
Publication of WO2019019101A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019019101A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H04W74/006—Transmission of channel access control information in the downlink, i.e. towards the terminal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/26025—Numerology, i.e. varying one or more of symbol duration, subcarrier spacing, Fourier transform size, sampling rate or down-clocking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/2605—Symbol extensions, e.g. Zero Tail, Unique Word [UW]
    • H04L27/2607—Cyclic extensions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
    • H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
    • H04L27/2602—Signal structure
    • H04L27/261—Details of reference signals
    • H04L27/2613—Structure of the reference signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signaling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particularly, to systems and methods for random access.
  • Fifth generation new radio communication systems may be implemented in a higher and wider frequency band (e.g., above 3GHz) in order to achieve a higher data rate than previous generation communication systems.
  • high frequency communications may be characterized by more significant channel loss and penetration loss during transmission of electromagnetic waves in air (e.g., radio signals) at such high frequencies. Due to the shorter wavelength of higher frequency signals, a large number of small antenna arrays may be used to enable beamforming technologies to obtain more accurate beam directions. This narrow beam technique may improve the coverage of high frequency signals and compensate for transmission loss, which may be one of the major causes of failures in communication systems at such high frequencies.
  • RACH preambles and their respective RACH formats may be shortened relative to RACH formats used in previous generation radio communication systems, such as LTE format 0/1/2/3.
  • RACH resources in the time domain may be increased (e.g., more RACH resources per unit of time) .
  • the shorter preamble sequences may achieved by having larger subcarrier spacing. For example, 15/30/60/120 kilohertz (KHz) subcarrier spacing may be used for RACH symbols, which may be different than a 1.25KHz subcarrier spacing that may be used in LTE. This increase in subcarrier spacing may not negatively affect wireless traffic as 5G NR may provide a wider carrier bandwidth.
  • KHz kilohertz
  • RACH symbols e.g., symbols of a RACH preamble
  • Another reason of using 15/30/60/120 KHz subcarrier spacing for RACH symbols may be to match the subcarrier spacing of data and control channels. Interference for RACH symbols with data and control channels may be mitigated when RACH symbols use the same subcarrier spacing with data or control channels,
  • the path profile Ts may characterize multipath delay from user equipment (UE) to a base station (BS) .
  • This multipath delay may be caused by a radio signal’s ambient environment (e.g., a hill) that reflects the radio signal to cause a delay, relative to a line of sight radio signal.
  • the path profile (us) may be expressed increments of a basic unit of 1/30.72MHz.
  • boundaries for RACH preamble (or physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble) symbols may be aligned with an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol boundary for data (in a data channel or a control channel) with a same numerology (e.g., for corresponding symbols) .
  • OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
  • an additional 16 Ts for every 0.5 millisecond (ms) may be included in a cyclic prefix time T CP when a RACH preamble is transmitted across a 0.5 ms boundary or from a 0.5 ms boundary.
  • a guard period (GP) may be within the last RACH preamble among consecutively transmitted RACH preambles.
  • a preamble format can be scaled according to subcarrier spacing.
  • Ts 1/ (2*30720) ms for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing
  • Ts 1/ (4*30720) ms for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing
  • Ts 1/ (8*30720) ms for 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. Accordingly, some of the formats may not be applicable to all subcarrier spacings.
  • the subcarrier spacing of both the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and/or the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) symbols may be the same with the subcarrier spacing of a corresponding RACH symbol (e.g., at 15 kHz) .
  • the RACH preamble may be aligned with the OFDM symbol boundary for data with the same numerology.
  • the OFDM symbol boundaries reserved for PUSCH/PUCCH symbols may be the same as that for RACH symbols.
  • Such alignment may allow the base station (BS) to use a same receiving beam to receive symbols from the RACH preamble, the PUSCH, and the PUCCH.
  • all of the cyclic prefixes of the PUSCH or PUCCH OFDM symbols may be gathered together and accorded to a RACH preamble as the only cyclic prefix of the RACH preamble.
  • Figure 1A is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary relationship between a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) symbols and a random access channel (RACH) preamble without a delay in accordance with format A1.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • RACH random access channel
  • a BS may utilize two receiving beams, a first receiving beam 102A and a second receiving beam 102B.
  • a receiving beam may refer to beam as received (e.g., detected) at an antenna configuration, such as at the BS from a UE.
  • the length of a cyclic prefix 103 of the RACH preamble 104 may be 288 sample points, which may be equal to the total number of sample points of the cyclic prefixes (e.g., cyclic prefixes 105A and 105B, which each have 144 sample points) of both PUSCH symbols 106A and 106B. Accordingly, the RACH preamble boundaries (e.g., beginning and end points) may align with the boundaries of the corresponding two PUSCH symbols 106A and 106B.
  • delays may be accorded to radio signals due to a time of flight, or transmission between the BS and UE. This type of delay may be termed as a “round trip delay” or more simply as “delay. ” This round trip delay may reflect how radio signals need time to propagate (e.g., transmit) from base station to a UE and from the UE back to the base station.
  • FIG. 1B is a block diagram 120 that illustrates round trip delay.
  • the block diagram 120 illustrates timing between uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) signals as a signal stream 122A at a BS, as a received signal stream 122B by a UE, and a received signal stream 122C by the BS.
  • a signal stream may refer to the timing and boundaries of signals.
  • the transmitted signal streams would align (e.g., the signal stream at the BS and the signal stream received at the BS would align) .
  • a signal delay due to a time of flight may be calculable as d/c, where d is the distance between the base station and the UE, and c is the speed of light.
  • downlink signals received at a UE from a BS may have a certain amount of delay, as reflected in the received signal stream 122B by the UE.
  • uplink signals received by a BS from a UE may also add that same certain amount of delay, as reflected in the received signal stream 122C by the BS.
  • the combination of the amount of delay between the uplink and downlink communications may be termed as round trip delay 124. This round trip delay may be exacerbated as a cell radius becomes larger and/or UE locations become farther apart.
  • RACH preambles may not align with OFDM symbol boundaries for data, especially when the UE is far away from base station. This misalignment may cause the preamble sequence energy accumulation (e.g., the radio frequency signal) in one beam duration to be incomplete, causing the base station to miss the RACH preamble due to partial detection of the RACH preamble.
  • Figure 1C is a block diagram 160 that illustrates how round trip delay may interfere with random access communications.
  • the delay 162 (e.g., the round trip delay) of a RACH preamble 164 of a far UE (e.g., a UE near the edge of a BS’s cell) may cause the detection duration (e.g., 4384 sample points) of the receiving beams 166A and 166B at the BS (e.g., antenna configurations for the receipt of specific signals) to not align with the duration of the RACH preamble 164. Also, due to the delay 162, individual symbols may not fall into an expected symbol length of 2048 sample points to align with a particular receiving beam.
  • the first RACH symbol 168A may fail as the first RACH symbol 168A may not fall within the sample points of the first beam 166A. Accordingly, all the symbols 168Aof the far UE’s RACH preamble 164 may not be properly detected and received by a BS (due at least to not falling within the detection duration of the receiving beams 166A for the BS) . Also, the delay 162 may offset the far UE’s RACH preamble 164 such that it may extend 170 and interfere with a signal following the far UE’s RACH preamble 164. In certain embodiments, the symbols 168A and 168B may be the same symbol.
  • the symbol 168B may be detected as a combination of the end part of 168A and an initial part of symbol 168B within the sample points covered by receiving beam 166BIn contrast, a RACH preamble 172 of a near UE (e.g., a UE near an associated BS) may not be practically effected by the delay 162 (e.g., may not have the delay 162 of the far UE’s RACH preamble) . Accordingly, the near UE’s RACH preamble 172 may not have the negative impact of the delay 162, such as symbol detection failures and extensions interfering with signals following the near UE’s RACH preamble 172.
  • a near UE e.g., a UE near an associated BS
  • the delay 162 e.g., may not have the delay 162 of the far UE’s RACH preamble
  • the preamble formats of A0-A3, B0, C0 and C1 may not have guard periods (e.g., where the guard period time TGP is zero) . Therefore, any delay would cause a corresponding extension that would interfere with signals following the RACH preambles in the RACH preamble formats of A0-A3, B0, C0 and C1.
  • signals following the delayed RACH preambles may have a cyclic prefix to protect against such interfering extensions, such a cyclic prefix may not be long enough (e.g., over 140 or 160 sample points) to avoid interference from the extensions caused by the delay.
  • locating a UE closer to a BS, or shrinking cell radiuses may undesirably increase overhead for wireless communication systems. Therefore, traditional techniques for RACH preamble formats and transmissions may not be entirely satisfactory.
  • exemplary embodiments disclosed herein are directed to solving the issues relating to one or more of the problems presented in the prior art, as well as providing additional features that will become readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompany drawings.
  • exemplary systems, methods, devices and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example and not limitation, and it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art who read the present disclosure that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments can be made while remaining within the scope of the invention.
  • a method performed by a first communication node includes: identifying a random access channel (RACH) preamble set including: at least one RACH preamble comprising at least one symbol, each symbol having a predetermined length; and a RACH preamble cyclic prefix (CP) for each RACH preamble, each RACH preamble CP having a length equal to a combined length of a plurality of first cyclic prefixes, each first cyclic prefix associated with a respective first symbol; and sending the RACH preamble set with a time advanced offset length that is between a shortest first cyclic prefix length and the combined length of the plurality of first cyclic prefixes.
  • RACH random access channel
  • a method performed by a first communication node includes: receiving, from a second communication node, a random access channel (RACH) preamble set with a time advanced offset length that is between a shortest first cyclic prefix length and a combined length of a plurality of first cyclic prefixes, the RACH preamble set including: at least one RACH preamble comprising at least one symbol, each symbol having a predetermined length; and a RACH preamble cyclic prefix (CP) for each RACH preamble, each RACH preamble CP having a length equal to the combined length of the plurality of first cyclic prefixes, each first cyclic prefix associated with a respective first symbol; and transmitting a random access response referencing at the at least one RACH preamble to the second communication node.
  • RACH random access channel
  • a first communication node includes: at least one processor configured to: identify a random access channel (RACH) preamble set including: at least one RACH preamble comprising at least one symbol, each symbol having a predetermined length; and a RACH preamble cyclic prefix (CP) for each RACH preamble, each RACH preamble CP having a length equal to a combined length of a plurality of first cyclic prefixes, each first cyclic prefix associated with a respective first symbol; and a transmitter configured to: send the RACH preamble set with a time advanced offset length that is between a shortest first cyclic prefix length and the combined length of the plurality of first cyclic prefixes.
  • RACH random access channel
  • a first communication node includes: a receiver configured to: receive, from a second communication node, a random access channel (RACH) preamble set with a time advanced offset length that is between a shortest first cyclic prefix length and a combined length of a plurality of first cyclic prefixes, the RACH preamble set including: at least one RACH preamble comprising at least one symbol, each symbol having a predetermined length; and a RACH preamble cyclic prefix (CP) for each RACH preamble, each RACH preamble CP having a length equal to the combined length of the plurality of first cyclic prefixes, each first cyclic prefix associated with a respective first symbol; and a transmitter configured to: transmit a random access response referencing at the at least one RACH preamble to the second communication node.
  • RACH random access channel
  • Figure 1A is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary relationship between a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) symbols and a random access channel (RACH) preamble without a delay.
  • PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
  • PUCCH physical uplink control channel
  • RACH random access channel
  • Figure 1B is a block diagram that illustrates round trip delay.
  • Figure 1C is a block diagram that illustrates how round trip delay may interfere with random access communications.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary cellular communication network in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates an exemplary base station (BS) and user equipment device (UE) , in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • BS base station
  • UE user equipment device
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble with different lengths for a time advanced offset and a guard period, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble during beam scanning with four symbols, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble during coverage enhancement, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble with digital beamforming or independent radio frequency (RF) chains, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • RF radio frequency
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram that illustrates a RACH preamble set with a time advanced offset, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary wireless communication network 200 in which techniques disclosed herein may be implemented, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the exemplary communication network 200 may overlay a geographic area 201 and include a base station (BS) 202 and a user equipment (UE) device 204 that can communicate with each other via a communication link 210 (e.g., a wireless communication channel) , and a cluster of notional cells 226, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238 and 240.
  • the BS 202 and UE 204 are contained within the geographic boundary of cell 226.
  • Each of the other cells 230, 232, 234, 236, 238 and 240 may include at least one base station (BS) operating at its allocated bandwidth to provide adequate radio coverage to its intended users.
  • BS base station
  • the BS 202 may operate at an allocated channel transmission bandwidth to provide adequate coverage to the UE 204.
  • the BS 202 and the UE 204 may communicate via a downlink radio frame 241, and an uplink radio frame 243 respectively.
  • Each radio frame 245/247 may be further divided into sub-frames 249/251 which may include data symbols 253/255.
  • the base station (BS) 202 and user equipment (UE) 204 are described herein as non-limiting examples of “communication nodes, ” generally, which can practice the methods disclosed herein.
  • Such communication nodes may be capable of wireless and/or wired communications, in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • Each of these communication nodes may be a transmitter in one situation and a receiver in another situation.
  • a BS 202 may transmit to a UE 204, such as during a downlink (DL) , discussed further below. Therefore, the BS 202 may be a transmitter and the UE 204 may be a receiver.
  • DL downlink
  • the UE 204 may be a transmitter and the BS 202 may be a receiver. Accordingly, both the BS 202 and the UE 204 may be a receiver or a transmitter for advanced random access preamble transmissions, as will be discussed further below.
  • a signal transmitted from the BS 202 may suffer from environmental and/or operating conditions that cause undesirable channel characteristics, such as Doppler spread, Doppler shift, delay spread, multipath interference, etc. mentioned above.
  • multipath signal components may occur as a consequence of reflections, scattering, and diffraction of the transmitted signal by natural and/or man-made objects.
  • LOS line of sight
  • NLOS non-line of sigh
  • ISI inter-symbol interference
  • ICI inter-channel interference
  • the distortion may complicate reception and conversion of the received signal into useful information. For example, delay spread may cause ISI in the useful information (data symbols) contained in the radio frame 224.
  • Figure 3 illustrates block diagrams of an exemplary system 300 including a base station (BS) 302 and user equipment (UE) 304 for transmitting and receiving wireless communication signals, e.g., OFDM/OFDMA signals, between each other.
  • the system 300 may include components and elements configured to support known or conventional operating features that need not be described in detail herein.
  • system 300 can be used to transmit and receive data symbols in a wireless communication environment such as the wireless communication environment 200 of Figure 1, as described above.
  • the BS 302 includes a BS transceiver module 310, a BS antenna 312, a BS processor module 314, a BS memory module 316, and a network communication module 318, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 320.
  • the UE 304 includes a UE transceiver module 330, a UE antenna 332, a UE memory module 334, and a UE processor module 336, each module being coupled and interconnected with one another as necessary via a data communication bus 340.
  • the BS 302 communicates with the UE 304 via a communication channel (e.g., link) 350, which can be any wireless channel or other medium known in the art suitable for transmission of data as described herein.
  • system 300 may further include any number of modules other than the modules shown in Figure 2.
  • modules other than the modules shown in Figure 2.
  • Those skilled in the art will understand that the various illustrative blocks, modules, circuits, and processing logic described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented in hardware, computer-readable software, firmware, or any practical combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability and compatibility of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those familiar with the concepts described herein may implement such functionality in a suitable manner for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
  • UE transceiver 330 may be referred to herein as an ′′uplink′′ transceiver 330 that includes a RF transmitter and receiver circuitry that are each coupled to the antenna 332.
  • a duplex switch (not shown) may alternatively couple the uplink transmitter or receiver to the uplink antenna in time duplex fashion.
  • the BS transceiver 310 may be referred to herein as a ′′downlink′′ transceiver 310 that includes RF transmitter and receiver circuity that are each coupled to the antenna 312.
  • a downlink duplex switch may alternatively couple the downlink transmitter or receiver to the downlink antenna 312 in time duplex fashion.
  • the operations of the two transceivers 310 and 330 are coordinated in time such that the uplink receiver is coupled to the uplink antenna 332 for reception of transmissions over the wireless transmission link 350 at the same time that the downlink transmitter is coupled to the downlink antenna 312.
  • the UE transceiver 330 and the base station transceiver 310 are configured to communicate via the wireless data communication link 350, and cooperate with a suitably configured RF antenna arrangement 312/332 that can support a particular wireless communication protocol and modulation scheme.
  • the UE transceiver 608 and the base station transceiver 310 are configured to support industry standards such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging 5G and New Radio (NR) standards, and the like. It is understood, however, that the invention is not necessarily limited in application to a particular standard and associated protocols. Rather, the UE transceiver 330 and the base station transceiver 310 may be configured to support alternate, or additional, wireless data communication protocols, including future standards or variations thereof.
  • the BS 302 may be a next generation nodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , serving gNB, target gNB, transmission reception point (TRP) , evolved node B (eNB) , a serving eNB, a target eNB, a femto station, or a pico station, for example.
  • the UE 304 may be embodied in various types of user devices such as a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , tablet, laptop computer, wearable computing device, etc.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the processor modules 314 and 336 may be implemented, or realized, with a general purpose processor, a content addressable memory, a digital signal processor, an application specific integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array, any suitable programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof, designed to perform the functions described herein.
  • a processor may be realized as a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, or the like.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other such configuration.
  • the steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in firmware, in a software module executed by processor modules 314 and 336, respectively, or in any practical combination thereof.
  • the memory modules 316 and 334 may be realized as RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.
  • memory modules 316 and 334 may be coupled to the processor modules 314 and 336, respectively, such that the processors modules 314 and 336 can read information from, and write information to, memory modules 316 and 334, respectively.
  • the memory modules 316 and 334 may also be integrated into their respective processor modules 314 and 336.
  • the memory modules 316 and 334 may each include a cache memory for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor modules 314 and 336, respectively.
  • Memory modules 316 and 334 may also each include non-volatile memory for storing instructions to be executed by the processor modules 314 and 336, respectively.
  • the network communication module 318 generally represents the hardware, software, firmware, processing logic, and/or other components of the base station 302 that enable bi-directional communication between base station transceiver 310 and other network components and communication nodes configured to communication with the base station 302.
  • network communication module 318 may be configured to support internet or WiMAX traffic.
  • network communication module 318 provides an 802.3 Ethernet interface such that base station transceiver 310 can communicate with a conventional Ethernet based computer network.
  • the network communication module 318 may include a physical interface for connection to the computer network (e.g., Mobile Switching Center (MSC)) .
  • MSC Mobile Switching Center
  • the LTE/LTE-Advanced standards have offered several features to optimize radio networks in the frequency, time and/or spatial domains. With the continuing evolutions of wireless technologies, it is expected that future radio access networks will be able to support the explosive growth of wireless traffic. Among these features, widening the system bandwidth is one straightforward way to improve the link and system capacity, which is already being tested and confirmed by the deployment of carrier aggregation in LTE-Advanced systems.
  • communications between a base station and a UE are implemented with signal frequencies greater than 6 GHz, which are also called “millimeter wave communications. ”
  • 6 GHz which are also called “millimeter wave communications. ”
  • antenna array e.g., panel array
  • BF beamforming
  • analog phase shifters have become attractive for implementing mm wave beam forming (BF) , which means that the number of phases is finite and other constraints (e.g., amplitude constraints) can be placed on the antenna elements to provide variable-phase-shift based BF.
  • the variable-phase-shift-based BF training targets to identify the best-N beams, for subsequent data transmission can be determined.
  • a misalignment between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) beams may cause a significant loss in the received power, especially for systems with narrow beams.
  • Beam alignment may be used to find the best beam pair from all possible beam pairs for maximum beamforming efficiency. The best beam pair may be determined by selecting a beam pair with the maximum array gain.
  • Random access is may be used to initiate communications and alignment between a UE and BS.
  • preambles e.g., RACH preambles or PRACH preambles
  • preambles may be a type of logical resource transmitted/received repeatedly in multiple directions from the UEs and BSs to synchronize and align the UE and BS.
  • Individual Tx beams may be transmitted by the UE until all of the transmission (Tx) beams are transmitted.
  • An receiver (Rx) beam sweep may be performed at the BS for each Tx beam to measure the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for every Tx-Rx pair.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • Random access is generally performed when a UE turns on from sleep mode, performs a handover from one cell to another, or loses uplink time synchronization.
  • a UE may receive signals (e.g., synchronization signals and/or reference signals) and/or share channels (e.g., a broadcast channel and/or a shared channel) with a BS. Information from these signals and/or channels may instruct (e.g., notify or inform) the UE as to how to communicate with the BS in random access. Based on the information in the synchronization signals and/or reference signals, the UE may transmit a preamble to the BS.
  • signals e.g., synchronization signals and/or reference signals
  • channels e.g., a broadcast channel and/or a shared channel
  • Information from these signals and/or channels may instruct (e.g., notify or inform) the UE as to how to communicate with the BS in random access.
  • the UE may transmit a preamble to the BS.
  • the BS may send to the UE a random access response indicating a preamble index, uplink timing advance (TA) , and uplink resource-allocation information.
  • TA uplink timing advance
  • the UE can determine whether its random access attempt has been successful by matching the preamble index to the preamble that the UE sent to the BS. If there is a match, the UE may use the TA information to adjust its uplink timing and transmit a random access message including the UE’s identity in the resource allocation in accordance with the uplink resource-allocation information.
  • Advanced random access preamble transmissions may include random access channel (RACH) preambles that have a time advanced offset.
  • RACH preambles may be part of a RACH and, when considered as a physical resource, may be transmitted as part of a physical random access channel (PRACH) .
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • advanced RACH preambles may be set earlier (than they would be sent without the time advanced offset) , such as by being sent before initialization of corresponding base station receiving beams.
  • the initiation of transmission of a RACH preamble, or resources associated with a RACH preamble may not necessarily align in time with the initiation of processes for reception of the RACH preamble (e.g., base station receiving beams) .
  • OFDM symbol boundary alignment for data with a same numerology e.g., a synchronized data stream between a transmitter and receiver
  • OFDM symbol boundary alignment for data with a same numerology may be advanced (e.g., sent in advance and not aligned) at UE transmissions (e.g., for an advanced RACH preamble) and not advanced (e.g., not sent in advanced) for BS transmissions.
  • advanced RACH preambles may also include an advanced guard period following the RACH preambles, to avoid interference with signals following the advanced RACH preambles.
  • advanced RACH preambles may have a time advanced offset that counteracts the negative impact of a delay, such as symbol detection failures and extensions interfering with signals following a RACH preamble as discussed above.
  • advanced RACH preambles may feature a guard period (e.g., an advanced guard period) following at least one advanced RACH preamble. This advanced guard period may further protect against the negative impacts of a delay by being an additional buffer against extensions interfering with signals following the advanced RACH preamble.
  • the time advanced offset need not be the only parameter that can be changed to counteract the negative impact of a delay.
  • this advanced guard period may be a byproduct of a time advanced offset and not applied without the application of the time advanced offset.
  • RACH preambles may be particularly suited to feature a time advanced offset.
  • RACH preambles may be sent without a preceding signal (e.g., a signal also sent from the UE before the UE sends the advanced RACH preamble) . This may be applicable in certain situations such as, for example, when random access is initialized when a UE turns on from sleep mode. Thus, advancing the advanced RACH preamble (e.g., sending it earlier) would not affect any preceding signal (as there may be no preceding signal sent from a UE) .
  • a preceding signal may have a large enough guard period that the advanced RACH preamble may be advanced (e.g., offset) into the preceding signal’s guard period without undesirable interference with the preceding signal.
  • an advanced RACH preamble with a time advanced offset can start in a normal slot or subframe and is not restricted to a particular slot consisting of downlink symbols and uplink symbols. Accordingly, an advanced RACH preamble may not need to occupy a guard period between uplink and downlink symbols.
  • time advanced offsets may be of a variety of different lengths as desired for different applications in different embodiments.
  • the length of the time advanced offset may range from a length of a cyclic prefix of a standard data symbol (e.g., standard data symbol cyclic prefix length) to a length of the cyclic prefix of an advanced RACH preamble.
  • a standard data symbol may refer to a length of a data symbol, such as a data symbol in a PUSCH or PUCCH, or any type of control, data, broadcasting, or shared channel.
  • Each standard data symbol may have an associated cyclic prefix.
  • a cyclic prefix may refer to the prefixing of a symbol with a repetition of the end of the symbol.
  • a time advanced offset length may be less than a length of the cyclic prefix of an advanced RACH preamble.
  • the time advanced offset length may be a standard data symbol cyclic prefix length or may be 1/N of an advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length, where N is an integer (and chosen based upon the desired proportion (e.g., 1/N value) of the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length) .
  • the time advanced offset length may be the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length.
  • configurations of the advanced RACH preamble may be determined in RACH configuration signaling, such as in the RMSI (remaining system information) by static or semi static methods. These methods may be based on the scenario in which a base station is selected, such as whether there is beam sweeping or coverage enhancement at the base station, and/or whether there is a specific beam handling capability at the base station.
  • configurations of the advanced RACH preamble e.g., the value of the time advanced offset length and/or advanced guard period
  • the same time advanced offset (e.g., time advance) may be applied to all of the multiple cascaded advanced preambles.
  • the advanced RACH preambles (e.g., formats for these advanced RACH preambles) may be utilized by only one UE or by multiple different UEs when communicating with a BS.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble 402 with a time advanced offset, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 402 may include two symbols 404A and 404B, and an advanced RACH cyclic prefix 406.
  • the advanced RACH cyclic prefix 406 may have a length (e.g., duration, or time domain resource allocation) that is the same the sum of the cyclic prefix length of an equivalent number of corresponding data symbols.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 402 may have symbols 404A and 404B that are the same length as the corresponding data symbols 408A and 408B.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 402 may have a cyclic prefix 406 that is the same length as the sum of the cyclic prefixes 410A and 410B associated with respective corresponding data symbols 408A and 408B. These data symbols 408A and 408B may be part of a PUSCH or a PUCCH, as discussed above. Also, BS receiving beams 412A and 412B may be aligned with (e.g., configured to sample within the time resource allocated to) each pair of data symbol 408A or 408B and respective cyclic prefix 410A or 410B.
  • a BS e.g., the BS receiving beams 412A and 412B
  • receive e.g., process
  • the BS may only need to receive part of the RACH cyclic prefix 406 to process the advanced RACH preamble 402 so long as the requisite number of sample points are detected (e.g., 2048 sample points for symbols 404A or 404B) .
  • point A may refer to the latest point in time that the first receiving beam 412A may begin processing (e.g., receiving) the advanced RACH preamble 402 in order to fully process the advanced RACH preamble 402 (e.g., process the symbols 404A, 404B of the advanced RACH preamble 402) .
  • point A may refer to 144 sample points of the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix 406 (e.g., 144 sample points after the start of the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix 406) .
  • a time advanced offset 414 for the advanced RACH preamble 402 may be 144 sample points.
  • a receiving beam 412A or 412B may detect a respective RACH preamble symbol 404A and 404B as a set of 2048 sample points (e.g., the number of sample points for a single symbol) without creating an extension of the advanced RACH preamble 402 that interferes with a following signal (e.g., interference with a following slot) .
  • this set of 2048 sample points may be a whole of each advanced RACH preamble symbol 404A and 404B, a combination of a part of the advanced RACH cyclic prefix 406 and part of symbol 404A, or a combination of part of symbol 404A and part of symbol 404B.
  • an advanced RACH preamble 402A sent from a UE close to a BS may have symbol boundaries (e.g., symbol boundary B) that is substantially aligned between the advanced RACH preamble symbols 404A and the data symbols 408A.
  • the detection window of a first receiving beam 412A may be 2192 sample points, sufficient to cover (e.g., overlap fully and detect) the first advanced RACH preamble symbol 404A. Also, due to the time advanced offset 414, an advanced guard period 416 is automatically generated at the end of the advanced RACH preamble 402A, which may provide a further buffer (e.g., protection for) subsequent, or following signals (e.g., next slot data) .
  • the detection window of the first BS receiving beam 412A may be sufficient to cover (e.g., overlap fully and detect) the first advanced RACH preamble symbol 404A. This may be illustrated in the time domain resource window between line C and line D.
  • This time domain resource window (within the time domain resource accorded to the first receiving beam 412A) may be 2048 sample points.
  • the delay 420 may cause the advanced RACH preamble 402B to extend into a time resource reserved for a following, or subsequent signal (e.g., a next slot) .
  • the amount of extension e.g., 144 sample points
  • Time advanced offsets may be of a variety of different lengths as desired for different applications in different embodiments.
  • the value (e.g., amount or length) of the time advanced offset may affect whether the symbols of the advanced RACH preamble 402 are fully (e.g., properly) detected by the BS’s receiving beams. For example, if the time advanced offset is less than 144 sample points and the round trip delay is 288 sample points, the first advanced RACH preamble symbol 404A may not be fully detected by the first receiving beam 412A and the advanced RACH preamble may extend and cause undesirable interference with a following signal, such as a signal within the next slot. However, if the time advanced offset is more than 144 sample points, the second RACH preamble symbol 404B may not be fully detected by the second receiving beam 412B.
  • the length of the time advanced offset may range from a length of a cyclic prefix of a standard data symbol (e.g., cyclic prefix 410A) to a length of the cyclic prefix of an advanced RACH preamble (e.g., cyclic prefix 406) .
  • a time advanced offset that is less than the cyclic prefix of a standard data symbol may result in performance loss.
  • the time advanced offset length may be a proportion of an advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length, or 1/N of an advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length, where N is an integer. N may be chosen based upon the desired proportion (e.g., 1/N value) of the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length.
  • Figure 5 is a block diagram that illustrates a RACH preamble 502 with different lengths for a time advanced offset 504 and a guard period 506, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • the cyclic prefix length (e.g., of cyclic prefixes 508A and 508B) of particular data symbols (e.g., data symbols 510A and 510B) may not be the same. For example, they may not be fixed to 144 sample points (e.g., at cyclic prefix 508B) but may also be 160 sample points (e.g., at cyclic prefix 508A) when the first data symbol is at the 0.5 millisecond (ms) boundary.
  • ms millisecond
  • the time advanced offset 504 may not be the longer of the cyclic prefix lengths of data symbols (e.g., of cyclic prefix 508A) but the normal (e.g., the shorter or the most common) of the cyclic prefix lengths of the later data symbols (e.g., of cyclic prefix 508B) .
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble 602 during beam scanning with four symbols, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 602 may include four symbols 604A, 604B, 604C, and 604D, and an advanced RACH cyclic prefix 606.
  • the advanced RACH cyclic prefix 606 may have a length that is the same the sum of the cyclic prefix length of an equivalent number of corresponding data symbols.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 602 may have symbols 604A-604D that are the same length as the corresponding data symbols 608A-608D.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 602 may have a cyclic prefix 606 that is the same length as the sum of the cyclic prefixes 610A-610D associated with respective corresponding data symbols 608A-608D. These data symbols 608A-608D may be part of a PUSCH or a PUCCH, as discussed above.
  • BS receiving beams 612A-612D may be aligned with (e.g., configured to sample within the time resource allocated to) each pair of data symbol 608A-608D and respective cyclic prefix 610A-610D. As discussed above, by being in a beam sweeping scenario, each of the BS receiving beams 612A-612B may be different.
  • the advanced RACH preambles may align with the OFDM symbol boundaries for the data signal with a same numerology (e.g., as a synchronized data stream between a transmitter and receiver) .
  • a time advanced offset length may be less than a length of the cyclic prefix of an advanced RACH preamble.
  • the time advanced offset 614 may be a length of a cyclic prefix of a standard data symbol (e.g., a length of a one of the cyclic prefixes 610A-610D) to handle a maximum delay that is the length of two standard data symbol cyclic prefixes.
  • the first receiving beam 612A may detect the first symbol 604A by detecting a first part of the first symbol 604A and the cyclic prefix 606 (where the cyclic prefix 606 includes a copy of the latter part of the first symbol 604A) .
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble 702 during coverage enhancement, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • Figure 6 may be similar to Figure 7, except that in Figure 7 each of the receiving beams 704A-704D have a same configuration, the time advanced offset 706 may be longer, and a maximum delay 708 may be longer.
  • a coverage enhancement scenario may describe when each of the BS’s receiving beams 704A-704D have a uniform, or same, orientation.
  • each of the multiple advanced RACH preamble symbols may be cascaded to improve a link budget by means of repetition gain.
  • there may be no beam switch point between the symbols as receiving beams for each standard data symbols (e.g., PUSCH symbol) are the same and the beams of multiple symbols are consecutive.
  • time advanced offset 706 for a coverage enhancement scenario may be longer than a time advanced offset for other scenarios (e.g., a beam sweeping scenario of previous figures) .
  • the length of this time advanced offset 706 may be the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length with 576 sample points.
  • the longer time advanced offset 706 may result in a longer advanced guard period 710, to protect (e.g., be a buffer for) signals (e.g., slots) that follow the advanced RACH preamble 702.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram 800 that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble 802 in the context of digital beamforming or independent radio frequency (RF) chains, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 802 may have advanced RACH preamble symbols 803A-803D and an advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix 804.
  • the advanced RACH preamble 802 may be sent with a time advanced offset 805.
  • the time domain resource (e.g., detection period) of BS transmission beams 806A-806D (associated with data symbols 807A-807D) may not be the same as BS receiving beams 808A-808D (associated with advanced RACH preamble symbols 803A-803D) .
  • boundaries between beams and/or between data symbols need not align. Specifically, alignment may not be necessary when performing digital beamforming, or if there are separate RF chains for the data symbols and RACH symbols. For example, due to digital beam forming and/or separate RF chains, the time domain resource boundaries for the BS receiving beams 806A-806D for data such as PUSCH or PUCCH need not align with the BS receiving beams 808A-808D for a RACH preamble. Also, the boundaries of the time domain resources between data symbols 807A-807D (e.g., PUSCH and/or PUUCH symbols) and RACH symbols 803A-803D (e.g., symbols of the advanced RACH preamble) need not align.
  • data symbols 807A-807D e.g., PUSCH and/or PUUCH symbols
  • RACH symbols 803A-803D e.g., symbols of the advanced RACH preamble
  • Time advanced offsets for alignment independent situations may be the same as time advanced offsets for coverage enhancement scenarios.
  • the time advanced offset length for alignment independent situations may be the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length.
  • the time advanced offset may be smaller than the advanced RACH preamble’s cyclic prefix length.
  • the maximum value for the path profile of preamble format A is 144 sample points, when the path profile is the same as multipath delay.
  • the time advanced offset length may be the advanced RACH preamble cyclic prefix length minus the minimum path profile.
  • the corresponding time advanced offsets may be 432 sample points (calculated as 576-144 sample points) and 720 sample points (calculated as 864-144 sample points) respectively, where the path profile value is 144 sample points.
  • symbols from both the first path 820 (e.g., signal path from the closest UE to the BS) and the last path 822 (e.g., signal path of the farthest UE to the BS) may be detected.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram that illustrates an advanced RACH preamble set 902, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention.
  • the advanced RACH preamble set 902 may be a set of advanced RACH preambles 904A and 904B that are cascaded (e.g., continuous, one following the other end to end) .
  • the same time advanced offset 906 can be applied to all the cascaded advance RACH preambles 904A and 904B.
  • These advanced RACH preambles 904A and 904B (and their associated formats) may be utilized by a single UE or by different UEs to communicate with a single BS.
  • any reference to an element herein using a designation such as ′′first, ′′ ′′second, ′′ and so forth does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. Rather, these designations can be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in some manner.
  • any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented by electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two) , firmware, various forms of program or design code incorporating instructions (which can be referred to herein, for convenience, as ′′software′′ or a ′′software module) , or any combination of these techniques.
  • a processor, device, component, circuit, structure, machine, module, etc. can be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
  • IC integrated circuit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the logical blocks, modules, and circuits can further include antennas and/or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device.
  • a general purpose processor can be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor can be any conventional processor, controller, or state machine.
  • a processor can also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration to perform the functions described herein.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program or code from one place to another.
  • a storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer.
  • module refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. Additionally, for purpose of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules; however, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art, two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the associated functions according embodiments of the invention.
  • memory or other storage may be employed in embodiments of the invention.
  • memory or other storage may be employed in embodiments of the invention.
  • any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements or domains may be used without detracting from the invention.
  • functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements, or controllers may be performed by the same processing logic element, or controller.
  • references to specific functional units are only references to a suitable means for providing the described functionality, rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

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