WO2019010505A1 - Method for producing a brick - Google Patents

Method for producing a brick Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019010505A1
WO2019010505A1 PCT/AT2018/000063 AT2018000063W WO2019010505A1 WO 2019010505 A1 WO2019010505 A1 WO 2019010505A1 AT 2018000063 W AT2018000063 W AT 2018000063W WO 2019010505 A1 WO2019010505 A1 WO 2019010505A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
binder
porous
porous grains
grains
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AT2018/000063
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Heinz Dullinger
Original Assignee
Heinz Dullinger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heinz Dullinger filed Critical Heinz Dullinger
Priority to EP18759232.4A priority Critical patent/EP3652127A1/en
Priority to AU2018299145A priority patent/AU2018299145A1/en
Publication of WO2019010505A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019010505A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/0016—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B20/002—Hollow or porous granular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/08—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding porous substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1088—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/06—Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers ; Inhibiting the action of active ingredients
    • C04B40/0641—Mechanical separation of ingredients, e.g. accelerator in breakable microcapsules
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/04—Arrangements using dry fillers, e.g. using slag wool which is added to the object to be insulated by pouring, spreading, spraying or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a brick, which contains in ei ⁇ ner hollow chamber an insulating body, which is formed from porous grains of expanded particles of volcanic glass and a binder connecting them.
  • Volcanic glass in this sense are materials of volcanic origin such as perlite, vermiculite, pitch stone or rhyolite, which contain a high proportion of S1O2 as glass ⁇ forming material and water of crystallization.
  • Porous grains of expanded particles of volcanic glass are known to be formed by particles of volcanic glass are heated so far (above 700 ° C) that the glass-forming Ma ⁇ terialanmaschine doughy soft and are inflated by the evaporating trapped water of crystallization. Upon cooling, the bulky doughy mass particles solidify into grains which have a high volume fraction of pores.
  • grains are formed thereby, which are not externally zer ⁇ klembracedete but a glass-like, closed surface appearing aufwei ⁇ sen having but below this, and a high (internal) pore fraction.
  • Methods and apparatus for the preparation of such porous particles are inflated particles are disclosed for example by the writings CN 201158620 Y, WO 2009/009817 AI, AT 504051 AI and EP 353860 A2.
  • a bulk material from to porous grains is occasionally swollen particles volcanic glass used to form an insulation body with the addition ⁇ reproducing a binder
  • a mixture of cement and water are used - as a mating Bin ⁇ DEMITTEL can - as with concrete.
  • other binders are used as in ⁇ play, water glass, or organic adhesives, or cement mixtures containing a foam-forming component can.
  • the insulating body ⁇ well formed from bulk of said porous grains and binder are typically used for thermal insulation in buildings.
  • panels that form a building layer are - for example, labeled "per- filled bricks "- also tiles available in which the cavities of a clay body are filled by insulating body, which are formed from a hardened bed of expanded perlite particles and binder.
  • AT 513933 A1 describes a method for bonding grains of expanded volcanic glass using a binder, wherein the binder itself is to be mixed together from a plurality of liquid or pulverulent components or component groups.
  • the binder itself is to be mixed together from a plurality of liquid or pulverulent components or component groups.
  • the binder itself is to be mixed together from a plurality of liquid or pulverulent components or component groups.
  • only the grains and such a part of the components of the binder, which is not curable by itself are completely mixed in a first mixing cycle. Only in one or more subsequent mixing operations, the remaining components of the binder are mixed.
  • the finished mixture is allowed to cure in a mold compacted by pressure.
  • DE 10 2004 049 618 A1 describes a hollow building block whose cavities are filled with a mixture which comprises porous bulk material such as, for example, expanded perlite.
  • a mixture which comprises porous bulk material such as, for example, expanded perlite.
  • the mixture also contains water and a thickener. The thickener improves the handling of the mixture during the filling of the cavities.
  • DE 10 2004 049618 A1 describes a brick whose hollow chambers are filled with insulating material based on a bulk material of porous grains, wherein the bulk material is mixed with water, thickener and preferably a hydrophobizing agent.
  • DE 19844722 AI describes the composition of a lightweight mortar, which is factory-prepared as a dry mortar mixture and is mixed at the place of use with water and ultimately serves as a good heat-insulating binder between the bricks of a wall.
  • the dry mortar mixture comprises cement, air-entraining agents, and, as lightweight aggregates, expanded perlite and expanded glass.
  • DE 2417500 Al describes a process for the preparation of relatively strong, well-porous lightweight building blocks.
  • a previously mixed dry mixture of a finely-grained sandy ⁇ aggregate and a binder powder such as cement or lime hydrate is mixed in another mixing operation with granules of granular ice and pressed in a mold or shaken and harden therein ⁇ laser-sen.
  • the DE 3304033 Al describes versions of a light building material which consists of ge ⁇ blähtem perlite as an aggregate and binder, various Bin deffenmischungen ⁇ also containing water, are proposed.
  • the components are mixed together, including water and harden ⁇ laser-sen, partly in compression molding, partly under the action of water vapor.
  • EP 2915798 Al describes the production of a component based on ge ⁇ swelled perlite.
  • a bed of porous grains which are formed by swelling of perlite particles is first admixed with water, then cement, then the mixture is poured into ingot molds, compacted by means of vibrators, and finally allowed to aushär ⁇ th.
  • WO 2008139180 AI describes the production of objects that can be used as Wär ⁇ meisolleiter, sound insulation or fire protection.
  • a granulate of particles blown clay is impregnated with up to three times its weight with water, then mixed with a binder into a mold and allowed to aushär ⁇ th.
  • a lightweight material is formed from a bed of expanded perlite by adding water repellents to the pearlite and, in an aqueous solution, alkali metal silicates.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide a method for the production of a brick, which consists of a body comprising at least one hollow ⁇ chamber and a Dämmianu, the filling for min ⁇ least one hollow chamber, consists, wherein the insulating body of a verfestig ⁇ th mixture is, the most voluminous basic component of a contactors is made of porous grains, which are formed by the swelling of particles of volcanic glass.
  • an improvement is to be achieved in that the process of filling the hollow chamber is associated with less effort, and that the insulating body can have higher diffus ⁇ onsoffenheit and higher porosity, especially if the porous grains themselves a have largely closed, not rugged Oberflä ⁇ che.
  • the pressing in of water in step a requires that there is liquid water on the outer surface of the porous grains and that this is under higher pressure than gas pressure prevails inside the porous grains.
  • this required pressure difference is caused by a negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure is generated in the interior of the porous grains.
  • the generation of the negative pressure can take place in an autoclave.
  • a bed of porous grains is first filled into the working volume of the autoclave. Then, the working volume is set under negative pressure, so sucked air from the otherwise completed working volume until the working volume at ⁇ example by 0.3 bar lower pressure prevails than in the environment. Due to the negative pressure gas escapes from the inside of the porous grains. After a few minutes, the working volume under vacuum is flooded with water.
  • the generation of negative pressure in the interior of the porous grains for the purpose of drawing in water can also be effected by rapid cooling.
  • the packed bed of porous grains is preferably in a container in a dry state is he ⁇ hitzt, for example to about 150 ° C, and then rapidly flooded with cold water. During heating, thermal expansion escapes from the interior of the porous grains. The reverse thermal expansion during flooding and thus cooling of the bed creates an under ⁇ pressure in the interior of the porous grains. By this negative pressure, ambient water is sucked into the pore volume of the porous grains. Even the bed thus formed can be dried slightly before the Wei ⁇ ter kau.
  • the bed of porous grains containing water, mixed with binder is cement, for example, commercially available Portland cement in dry, powdered to stand ⁇ .
  • the volume ratio of bed of porous grains to Zementpul ⁇ ver can be, for example, at six to one.
  • the resulting mixture of porö ⁇ sen grains and binder is typically and ideally ⁇ as free-flowing and just so wet that they no longer dusty clearly.
  • the mixture in hollow chambers of Zie ⁇ gelgrundMechn which typically consist of fired clay, filled.
  • the now filled brick base are allowed to stand, typically min ⁇ least about 24 hours.
  • the water-hardening binder absorbs water from the inside of the porous grains and cures, thus making the mixture a compact composite, the desired insulating body.
  • This insulating body is porous not only within those porous grains formed by the swelling of particles of volcanic glass, but also in the spaces between these porous grains.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a brick, which contains an insulating material body in a hollow chamber, which insulating material body is formed from a cured mixture of a fill of porous grains consisting of expanded particles of volcanic glass and a binder, the binder being a binder that cures by contact with water. Before the fill of porous grains is mixed with the still uncured binder, water is forced into the interior of the porous grains by means of a pressure difference.

Description

Verfahren für das Herstellen eines Ziegels  Method for making a tile
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren für das Herstellen eines Ziegels, welcher in ei¬ ner Hohlkammer einen Dämmstoffkörper enthält, der aus porösen Körnern aus geblähten Partikeln aus vulkanischem Glas und einem diese verbindenden Bindemittel gebildet ist. The invention relates to a method for producing a brick, which contains in ei ¬ ner hollow chamber an insulating body, which is formed from porous grains of expanded particles of volcanic glass and a binder connecting them.
"Vulkanisches Glas" in diesem Sinne sind Materialien vulkanischen Ursprungs wie Perlit, Vermiculit, Pechstein oder Rhyolith, die einen hohen Anteil an S1O2 als glas¬ bildendes Material sowie Kristallwasser beinhalten. Poröse Körner aus geblähten Partikeln aus vulkanischem Glas werden bekanntlich gebildet indem Partikel aus vulkanischem Glas so weit erhitzt werden (über 700°C), dass die glasbildenden Ma¬ terialanteile teigig weich werden und durch das verdampfende eingeschlossene Kristallwasser aufgebläht werden. Mit dem Abkühlen verfestigen sich die geblähten teigigen Masseteilchen zu Körnern, welche einen hohen Volumenanteil an Poren aufweisen. Idealerweise werden dabei Körner gebildet, welche äußerlich nicht zer¬ klüftete sind sondern eine glasartig, geschlossen erscheinende Oberfläche aufwei¬ sen, unter dieser aber und einen hohen (inneren) Porenanteil aufweisen. Verfahren und Vorrichtungen für die Herstellung derartiger zu porösen Körnern aufgeblähter Partikel sind beispielsweise durch die Schriften CN 201158620 Y, WO 2009/009817 AI, AT 504051 AI und EP 353860 A2 offenbart. "Volcanic glass" in this sense are materials of volcanic origin such as perlite, vermiculite, pitch stone or rhyolite, which contain a high proportion of S1O2 as glass ¬ forming material and water of crystallization. Porous grains of expanded particles of volcanic glass are known to be formed by particles of volcanic glass are heated so far (above 700 ° C) that the glass-forming Ma ¬ terialanteile doughy soft and are inflated by the evaporating trapped water of crystallization. Upon cooling, the bulky doughy mass particles solidify into grains which have a high volume fraction of pores. Ideally, grains are formed thereby, which are not externally zer ¬ klüftete but a glass-like, closed surface appearing aufwei ¬ sen having but below this, and a high (internal) pore fraction. Methods and apparatus for the preparation of such porous particles are inflated particles are disclosed for example by the writings CN 201158620 Y, WO 2009/009817 AI, AT 504051 AI and EP 353860 A2.
Analog zu Sand als jenen Bestandteil von Beton, der als "Zuschlag" oder als "Ge¬ steinskörnung" bezeichnet wird, wird fallweise auch ein Schüttgut aus zu porösen Körnern aufgeblähten Partikeln vulkanischen Glases verwendet, um unter Hinzu¬ gabe eines Bindemittels einen Dämmstoffkörper zu bilden. Als dazupassendes Bin¬ demittel kann - wie bei Beton - ein Gemisch aus Zement und Wasser verwendet werden. Je nach Anforderungen können aber auch andere Bindemittel, wie bei¬ spielsweise Wasserglas oder organische Klebstoffe, verwendet werden, oder auch Zementgemische, die eine schaumbildende Komponente enthalten. Die aus Schütt¬ gut aus besagten porösen Körnern und Bindemittel gebildeten Dämmkörper werden typischerweise zur Wärmeisolierung in Hochbauten verwendet. Neben Platten, die eine Gebäudeschicht bilden, sind dazu - beispielsweise unter der Bezeichnung "per- litverfüllte Ziegel" - auch Ziegel erhältlich, bei denen die Hohlräume eines Tongrundkörpers durch Dämmkörper gefüllt sind, die aus einer ausgehärteten Schüttung aus geblähten Perlitpartikeln und Bindemittel gebildet sind. Analogously to sand as those components of concrete, which is referred to as "knockdown" or "Ge ¬ stone grain", a bulk material from to porous grains is occasionally swollen particles volcanic glass used to form an insulation body with the addition ¬ reproducing a binder , A mixture of cement and water are used - as a mating Bin ¬ DEMITTEL can - as with concrete. Depending on requirements, however, other binders, are used as in ¬ play, water glass, or organic adhesives, or cement mixtures containing a foam-forming component can. The insulating body ¬ well formed from bulk of said porous grains and binder are typically used for thermal insulation in buildings. In addition to panels that form a building layer, they are - for example, labeled "per- filled bricks "- also tiles available in which the cavities of a clay body are filled by insulating body, which are formed from a hardened bed of expanded perlite particles and binder.
Die AT 513933 AI beschreibt ein Verfahren für das Verbinden von Körnern aus geblähtem Vulkanglas unter Anwendung eines Bindemittels wobei das Bindemittel selbst aus mehreren flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Komponenten bzw. Komponentengruppen zusammenzumischen ist. Um vorzeitiges Verklumpen des Bindemittels während des Mischens mit den Körnern aus geblähtem Vulkanglas zu vermeiden, werden in einem ersten Mischgang nur die Körner und ein solcher Teil der Komponenten des Bindemittels, welcher für sich allein nicht aushärtbar ist, vollständig vermischt. Erst in einem oder mehreren späterem Mischvorgängen werden die restlichen Komponenten des Bindemittels eingemischt. Die fertige Mischung wird in einer Form durch Druck verdichtet aushärten gelassen. AT 513933 A1 describes a method for bonding grains of expanded volcanic glass using a binder, wherein the binder itself is to be mixed together from a plurality of liquid or pulverulent components or component groups. In order to avoid premature lumping of the binder during mixing with the grains of puffed volcanic glass, only the grains and such a part of the components of the binder, which is not curable by itself, are completely mixed in a first mixing cycle. Only in one or more subsequent mixing operations, the remaining components of the binder are mixed. The finished mixture is allowed to cure in a mold compacted by pressure.
Die DE 10 2004 049 618 AI beschreibt einen Hohlbaustein dessen Hohlräume mit einer Mischung welche poröses Schüttgut wie beispielsweise geblähtes Perlite um- fasst, gefüllt sind. Neben dem porösen Schüttgut enthält die Mischung jedenfalls auch Wasser und einen Verdicker. Der Verdicker verbessert die Handhabbarkeit der Mischung während des Befüllens der Hohlräume. DE 10 2004 049 618 A1 describes a hollow building block whose cavities are filled with a mixture which comprises porous bulk material such as, for example, expanded perlite. In any case, besides the porous bulk material, the mixture also contains water and a thickener. The thickener improves the handling of the mixture during the filling of the cavities.
Die DE 10 2004 049618 AI beschreibt einen Ziegel, dessen Hohlkammern mit Dämmmaterial auf Basis eines Schüttgutes aus porösen Körnern gefüllt sind, wobei das Schüttgut mit Wasser, Verdicker und bevorzugt einem Hydrophobierungsmittel vermengt ist. DE 10 2004 049618 A1 describes a brick whose hollow chambers are filled with insulating material based on a bulk material of porous grains, wherein the bulk material is mixed with water, thickener and preferably a hydrophobizing agent.
Die DE 19844722 AI beschreibt die Zusammensetzung eines Leichtbaumörtels, welcher bestimmungsgemäß werksseitig als Trockenmörtelmischung hergestellt wird und am Einsatzort mit Wasser angerührt wird und letztendlich als gut wärmeisolierendes Bindemittel zwischen den Ziegeln einer Mauer dient. Die Trockenmörtelmischung umfasst Zement, Luftporenbildner, und als Leichtzuschlagstoffe geblähtes Perlit und Blähglas. Die DE 2417500 AI beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von relativ festen, gut porösen Leichtbausteinen. Eine zuvor gemischte trockene Mischung aus einem fein¬ körnigen sandigen Zuschlagstoff und einem pulverförmigen Bindemittel wie Zement oder Kalkhydrat wird in einem weiteren Mischvorgang mit Granulat aus körnigem Eis vermischt und in eine Form gepresst oder gerüttelt und darin aushärten gelas¬ sen. DE 19844722 AI describes the composition of a lightweight mortar, which is factory-prepared as a dry mortar mixture and is mixed at the place of use with water and ultimately serves as a good heat-insulating binder between the bricks of a wall. The dry mortar mixture comprises cement, air-entraining agents, and, as lightweight aggregates, expanded perlite and expanded glass. DE 2417500 Al describes a process for the preparation of relatively strong, well-porous lightweight building blocks. A previously mixed dry mixture of a finely-grained sandy ¬ aggregate and a binder powder such as cement or lime hydrate is mixed in another mixing operation with granules of granular ice and pressed in a mold or shaken and harden therein ¬ laser-sen.
Die DE 3304033 AI beschreibt Versionen eines Leichtbaustoffes, welcher aus ge¬ blähtem Perlit als Zuschlagstoff und Bindemittel besteht, wobei verschiedene Bin¬ demittelmischungen, die auch Wasser enthalten, vorgeschlagen werden. Die Komponenten werden einschließlich Wasser zusammengemischt und aushärten gelas¬ sen, teilweise in Formpressen, teilweise unter Einwirkung von Wasserdampf. The DE 3304033 Al describes versions of a light building material which consists of ge ¬ blähtem perlite as an aggregate and binder, various Bin demittelmischungen ¬ also containing water, are proposed. The components are mixed together, including water and harden ¬ laser-sen, partly in compression molding, partly under the action of water vapor.
Die EP 2915798 AI beschreibt die Herstellung eines Bauelementes auf Basis ge¬ blähten Perlits. Einer Schüttung von porösen Körnern, die durch Blähen von Perlit- partikeln gebildet sind, wird erst Wasser beigemengt, dann Zement, dann wird die Mischung in Blockformen gefüllt, mittels Rüttler verdichtet und schließlich aushär¬ ten gelassen. EP 2915798 Al describes the production of a component based on ge ¬ swelled perlite. A bed of porous grains which are formed by swelling of perlite particles is first admixed with water, then cement, then the mixture is poured into ingot molds, compacted by means of vibrators, and finally allowed to aushär ¬ th.
Die WO 2008139180 AI beschreibt die Herstellung von Gegenständen die als Wär¬ meisolierung, Schalldämmung oder Feuerschutz einsetzbar sind. Ein Granulat aus Partikeln geblähten Tons wird mit bis zu seinem dreifachen Gewicht mit Wasser getränkt, dann mit einem Bindemittel vermischt in eine Form gegossen und aushär¬ ten gelassen. WO 2008139180 AI describes the production of objects that can be used as Wär ¬ meisolierung, sound insulation or fire protection. A granulate of particles blown clay is impregnated with up to three times its weight with water, then mixed with a binder into a mold and allowed to aushär ¬ th.
Gemäß der WO 9832713 AI wird ein Leichtwerkstoff aus einer Schüttung geblähten Perlits gebildet, indem dem Perlit Hydrophobierungsmittel und - in einer wässrigen Lösung - Alkalisilikate beigemengt werden. According to WO 9832713 A1, a lightweight material is formed from a bed of expanded perlite by adding water repellents to the pearlite and, in an aqueous solution, alkali metal silicates.
Die der Erfindung zu Grunde liegende Aufgabe besteht darin, ein Verfahren für die Herstellung eines Ziegels bereitzustellen, welcher aus einem mindestens eine Hohl¬ kammer umfassenden Grundkörper und einem Dämmkörper, der Füllung für min¬ destens eine Hohlkammer ist, besteht, wobei der Dämmkörper aus einem verfestig¬ ten Gemisch besteht, dessen am meisten voluminöse Grundkomponente eine Schüt- tung aus porösen Körnern ist, die durch Aufblähen von Partikeln aus vulkanischem Glas entstanden sind. Gegenüber dazu schon bekannten Verfahren soll eine Verbesserung dahingehend erzielt werden, dass der Vorgang des Füllens der Hohlkammer mit weniger Aufwand verbunden ist, und, dass der Dämmkörper höhere Diffusi¬ onsoffenheit und höhere Porosität aufweisen kann, insbesondere auch dann, wenn die porösen Körner selbst eine weitgehend geschlossene, nicht zerklüftete Oberflä¬ che aufweisen. The object underlying the invention is to provide a method for the production of a brick, which consists of a body comprising at least one hollow ¬ chamber and a Dämmkörper, the filling for min ¬ least one hollow chamber, consists, wherein the insulating body of a verfestig ¬ th mixture is, the most voluminous basic component of a contactors is made of porous grains, which are formed by the swelling of particles of volcanic glass. Compared to previously known methods, an improvement is to be achieved in that the process of filling the hollow chamber is associated with less effort, and that the insulating body can have higher diffus ¬ onsoffenheit and higher porosity, especially if the porous grains themselves a have largely closed, not rugged Oberflä ¬ che.
(Eine geschlossene, nicht zerklüftete Oberfläche der porösen Körner ist erwünscht, weil damit hohe mechanische Festigkeit und die Abwesenheit von gefährlichen Stäuben einhergehen.)  (A closed, non-fissured surface of the porous grains is desirable because of the high mechanical strength and the absence of hazardous dusts.)
Für das Lösen der Aufgabe wird entsprechend der folgenden Schrittfolge vorgegan¬ gen: a In das Innere jener porösen Körner, die durch Aufblähen von Partikeln vulkani¬ schen Glases gebildet sind, wird Wasser hineingepresst. b Eine Schüttung von porösen Körnern, in welche Wasser hinein gepresst wurde, wird mit einem Bindemittel vermengt, sodass eine rieselfähige Mischung ent¬ steht. Das Bindemittel ist dabei eines ist, welches bei Kontakt mit Wasser aus¬ härtet. Üblicherweise wird ein hygroskopisches (- also wasseraufnehmendes - ) Bindemittel verwendet. c Die in Schritt b gebildete rieselfähige Mischung wird in Hohlkammern der Zie¬ gelgrundkörper eingefüllt. d Die in den Hohlkammern befindliche Mischung wird aushärten gelassen. In the interior of a porous those grains that are formed by the swelling of particles of vulcanised ¬ rule glass, water is pressed: For achieving the object, according to the following sequence of steps vorgegan ¬ gen. b a mass of porous granules was dissolved in water which is pressed into it, mixed with a binder, so that a pourable mixture is ent ¬. The binder is one member which hardens ¬ upon contact with water. Usually, a hygroscopic (ie water-absorbing) binder is used. c The free-flowing mixture formed in step b is filled in hollow chambers of the Zie ¬ gelgrundkörper. d The mixture in the hollow chambers is allowed to harden.
Das Hineinpressen von Wasser in Schritt a erfordert, dass sich an der Außenober- fläche der porösen Körner flüssiges Wasser befindet und dieses unter höherem Druck steht, als Gasdruck im Inneren der porösen Körner herrscht. Bevorzugt wird dieser erforderliche Druckunterschied hervorgerufen, indem im Inneren der porösen Körner ein Unterdruck gegenüber dem Umgebungsdruck erzeugt wird. Das Erzeugen des Unterdrucks kann in einem Autoklaven erfolgen. Dazu wird erst eine Schüttung aus porösen Körnern in das Arbeitsvolumen des Autoklaven eingefüllt. Dann wird das Arbeitsvolumen unter Unterdruck gesetzt, also Luft aus dem ansonsten abgeschlossenen Arbeitsvolumen abgesaugt, bis im Arbeitsvolumen bei¬ spielsweise um 0,3 bar geringerer Druck herrscht als in der Umgebung. Zufolge des Unterdrucks entweicht Gas aus dem Inneren der porösen Körner. Nach ein paar Minuten wird das bis dahin unter Unterdruck stehende Arbeitsvolumen mit Wasser geflutet. Durch den im Inneren der porösen Körner vorliegenden Unterdruck wird Wasser in die porösen Körner hinein gesaugt. Nachdem die Schüttung von nun mit Wasser angereicherten porösen Körnern aus dem Arbeitsvolumen des Autoklaven entfernt wurde, kann sie etwas getrocknet werden, sodass die Außenoberfläche der porösen Körner ganz oder teilweise trocken ist. The pressing in of water in step a requires that there is liquid water on the outer surface of the porous grains and that this is under higher pressure than gas pressure prevails inside the porous grains. Preferably, this required pressure difference is caused by a negative pressure relative to the ambient pressure is generated in the interior of the porous grains. The generation of the negative pressure can take place in an autoclave. For this purpose, a bed of porous grains is first filled into the working volume of the autoclave. Then, the working volume is set under negative pressure, so sucked air from the otherwise completed working volume until the working volume at ¬ example by 0.3 bar lower pressure prevails than in the environment. Due to the negative pressure gas escapes from the inside of the porous grains. After a few minutes, the working volume under vacuum is flooded with water. By the negative pressure present inside the porous grains, water is sucked into the porous grains. After the bed of water-enriched porous granules has been removed from the working volume of the autoclave, it can be slightly dried so that the outer surface of the porous granules is completely or partially dry.
Das Erzeugen von Unterdruck im Inneren der porösen Körner zwecks Einsaugens von Wasser kann auch durch rasche Abkühlung erfolgen. Dazu wird die Schüttung aus porösen Körnern vorzugsweise in einem Behältnis in trockenem Zustand er¬ hitzt, beispielsweise auf etwa 150°C, und dann mit kaltem Wasser rasch geflutet. Während des Erhitzens entweicht zufolge Wärmeausdehnung Gas aus dem Inneren der porösen Körner. Durch die umgekehrte Wärmeausdehnung beim Fluten und damit Abkühlen der Schüttung entsteht im Inneren der porösen Körner ein Unter¬ druck. Durch diesen Unterdruck wird umgebendes Wasser in das Porenvolumen der porösen Körner hineingesaugt. Auch die so gebildete Schüttung kann vor der Wei¬ terverarbeitung etwas getrocknet werden. The generation of negative pressure in the interior of the porous grains for the purpose of drawing in water can also be effected by rapid cooling. For this, the packed bed of porous grains is preferably in a container in a dry state is he ¬ hitzt, for example to about 150 ° C, and then rapidly flooded with cold water. During heating, thermal expansion escapes from the interior of the porous grains. The reverse thermal expansion during flooding and thus cooling of the bed creates an under ¬ pressure in the interior of the porous grains. By this negative pressure, ambient water is sucked into the pore volume of the porous grains. Even the bed thus formed can be dried slightly before the Wei ¬ terverarbeitung.
Zur Weiterverarbeitung wird die Schüttung aus porösen Körnern, welche Wasser enthalten, mit Bindemittel vermengt. Typischerweise ist dieses Bindemittel Zement, beispielsweise handelsüblicher Portlandzement in trockenem, pulverförmigem Zu¬ stand. Das Volumenverhältnis von Schüttung aus porösen Körnern zu Zementpul¬ ver kann dabei beispielsweise bei sechs zu eins liegen. Desto trockener die porösen Partikel sind, desto ebenmäßiger die Oberfläche der porösen Partikel ist und desto feiner der Zement gemahlen ist, desto weniger Zement wird benötigt. Die aus porö¬ sen Körnern und Bindemittel gebildete Mischung ist typischerweise und idealer¬ weise rieselfähig und gerade so feucht, dass sie nicht mehr sichtlich staubt. Unmittelbar nach dem Mischvorgang wird die Mischung in Hohlkammern von Zie¬ gelgrundkörpern, die typischerweise aus gebranntem Ton bestehen, eingefüllt. Die nunmehr befüllten Ziegelgrundkörper werden stehengelassen, typischerweise min¬ destens etwa 24 Stunden. Das in Kontakt mit Wasser aushärtende Bindemittel nimmt während dieser Zeit Wasser aus dem Inneren der porösen Körner auf und härtet aus, womit die Mischung zu einem kompakten Verbundkörper wird, dem gewünschten Dämmstoffkörper. Dieser Dämmstoffkörper ist nicht nur innerhalb jener porösen Körner, die durch Aufblähen von Partikeln aus vulkanischem Glas gebildet sind, porös, sondern auch in den Zwischenräumen zwischen diesen porösen Körnern. For further processing, the bed of porous grains containing water, mixed with binder. Typically, this binder is cement, for example, commercially available Portland cement in dry, powdered to stand ¬. The volume ratio of bed of porous grains to Zementpul ¬ ver can be, for example, at six to one. The drier the porous particles are, the more uniform the surface of the porous particles is and the finer the cement is ground, the less cement is needed. The resulting mixture of porö ¬ sen grains and binder is typically and ideally ¬ as free-flowing and just so wet that they no longer dusty clearly. Immediately after the mixing process, the mixture in hollow chambers of Zie ¬ gelgrundkörpern, which typically consist of fired clay, filled. The now filled brick base are allowed to stand, typically min ¬ least about 24 hours. During this time, the water-hardening binder absorbs water from the inside of the porous grains and cures, thus making the mixture a compact composite, the desired insulating body. This insulating body is porous not only within those porous grains formed by the swelling of particles of volcanic glass, but also in the spaces between these porous grains.
Desto weniger Bindemittel beigemengt wurde, desto höhere Porosität ist in den Zwi¬ schenräumen zwischen den porösen Körnern erreichbar. Sehr hohe Porosität, die im Allgemeinen aus bauphysikalischen Gründen erwünscht ist, geht allerdings auf Kosten der mechanischen Festigkeit des Dämmstoffkörpers. Optimale Mischungs¬ verhältnisse hängen neben Art und Beschaffenheit der verwendeten Komponenten natürlich auch von den gewünschten Eigenschaften des herzustellenden Dämm¬ stoffkörpers ab; jedenfalls sind sie recht einfach empirisch - also durch gezielte Ver¬ suche - zu ermitteln. The less binder was added, the higher the porosity is reached in the interim ¬ rule spaces between the porous grains. Very high porosity, which is generally desirable for building physics reasons, however, comes at the expense of the mechanical strength of the insulating body. Optimal Mix ¬ relationships depend not only on the type and nature of the components used, of course, by the desired characteristics of the insulation material ¬ body from; In any case, they are quite easy to determine empirically - that is, through specific ver ¬ searches.
An dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist - neben der damit erreichbaren hohen Porosität des Dämmstoffkörpers - sehr vorteilhaft, dass das durch Kontakt mit Wasser aushärtende Bindemittel erst dann mit Wasser in Kontakt ist, wenn es sich schon an den zu verbindenden porösen Körnern befindet, und dass auch dann nur die unmittelbar für das Aushärten des Bindemittels erforderliche Wassermenge mit dem Bindemittel in Kontakt kommt. In keinem Stadium der Ziegelfertigung liegen flüssige Wasser-Bindemittel-Mischungen vor. Dadurch wird der Reinigungs- und Wartungsaufwand an den Fertigungsanlagen gegenüber Fertigungsanlagen, in wel¬ chen flüssige Wasser-Zement-Mischungen hergestellt und verarbeitet werden, sehr stark verringert und es können einfachere Fertigungsanlagen verwendet werden. In the method according to the invention is - in addition to the achievable high porosity of Dämmstoffkörpers - very advantageous that the curing by contact with water binder is only in contact with water when it is already on the porous grains to be joined, and that even then only the amount of water immediately necessary for the curing of the binder comes into contact with the binder. At no stage of brick manufacture are liquid water-binder mixtures present. As a result, the cleaning and maintenance of the production equipment compared to manufacturing plants, in wel ¬ chen liquid water-cement mixtures are produced and processed, greatly reduced and it can be used simpler manufacturing equipment.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren für das Herstellen eines Ziegels, welcher in einer Hohlkammer einen Dämmstoffkörper enthält, der aus einer ausgehärteten Mischung aus einer Schüttung von porösen Körnern aus geblähten Partikeln aus vulkanischem Glas und einem Bindemittel gebildet ist, wobei das Bindemittel ein durch Kontakt mit Wasser aushärtendes ist,  Anspruch [en] A method of making a brick which comprises, in a hollow chamber, an insulating body formed of a hardened mixture of a bed of porous grains of expanded volcanic glass particles and a binder, the binder being a water curable composition .
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass noch vor dem Vermischen der Schüttung von po¬ rösen Körnern mit dem noch nicht ausgehärteten Bindemittel durch einen Druckunterschied Wasser in das Innere der porösen Körner hineingepresst wird. characterized in that even before mixing the bed of po ¬ rösen grains with the not yet cured binder by a pressure difference water is pressed into the interior of the porous grains.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel ein solches verwendet wird, welches hygroskopisch ist. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the binder used is one which is hygroscopic.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verfah¬ rensschritte 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the procedural ¬ rensschritte
- Hineinpressen von Wasser in das Innere der porösen Körner,  - Pressing water into the interior of the porous grains,
- Bilden einer rieselfähigen Mischung durch Vermengen einer Schüttung aus porösen Körnen, in deren Inneres Wasser hineingepresst wurde, mit dem Bindemittel  - Forming a free-flowing mixture by mixing a bed of porous granules, in the interior of which water was pressed in, with the binder
- Einfüllen der rieselfähigen Mischung in Hohlkammern von Ziegelgrund¬ körpern - Fill the free-flowing mixture in hollow chambers of Ziegelgrund ¬ bodies
- Aushärten der in den Hohlkammern enthaltenen Mischung  - Curing the mixture contained in the hollow chambers
in dieser Reihenfolge zeitlich hintereinander durchgeführt werden.  be performed sequentially in this order.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Hineinpressens von Wasser in das Innere der porösen Körner im Inneren der porösen Körner gegenüber Umgebungsdruck ein Unterdruck herrscht. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hineinpressen von Wasser in das Innere der porösen Körner erfolgt indem eine Schüttung aus porösen Körnern in das Arbeitsvolumen eines Autoklaven eingefüllt wird, das Arbeitsvolumen dann unter Unterdruck gesetzt wird und dann mit Wasser geflutet wird. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that during the injection of water into the interior of the porous grains in the interior of the porous grains to ambient pressure, a negative pressure prevails. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the injection of water into the interior of the porous grains is carried out by filling a bed of porous grains in the working volume of an autoclave, the working volume is then placed under negative pressure and then flooded with water becomes.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hineinpressen von Wasser in das Innere der porösen Körner erfolgt indem eine Schüttung aus porösen Körnern in trockenem Zustand erhitzt und dann durch kaltes Wasser geflutet und abgekühlt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the pressing of water into the interior of the porous grains is carried out by heating a bed of porous grains in a dry state and then flooded by cold water and cooled.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Fluten ein Teil des Wassers aus der Schüttung aus porösen Körnern entfernt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that after flooding a part of the water is removed from the bed of porous grains.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bindemittel Zement ist. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the binder is cement.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vulkanische Glas Rhyolith ist. Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the volcanic glass is rhyolite.
PCT/AT2018/000063 2017-07-11 2018-07-05 Method for producing a brick WO2019010505A1 (en)

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Citations (2)

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US3062752A (en) * 1958-05-02 1962-11-06 United States Gypsum Co Dimensionally stable expanded perlite and method for making the same
DE102004049618A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Hollow component and a mixture for packaging the same

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2417500A1 (en) * 1974-04-10 1975-10-23 Guenther Ziems Lightweight lime-sand bricks with internal cavities - mfd using ice instead of water in moulding mixtures
DE19844722A1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2000-03-30 Otavi Minen Ag Lightweight masonry mortar
GB0709046D0 (en) * 2007-05-11 2007-06-20 Ceramic Gas Products Ltd Method of forming an article
AT513933A1 (en) * 2013-02-12 2014-08-15 Horst Wustinger Method of joining grains of puffed volcanic glass

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3062752A (en) * 1958-05-02 1962-11-06 United States Gypsum Co Dimensionally stable expanded perlite and method for making the same
DE102004049618A1 (en) * 2004-10-12 2006-04-20 Knauf Perlite Gmbh Hollow component and a mixture for packaging the same

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