WO2019009694A1

WO2019009694A1 - Mosaic tiles, the visual values of which can be identified by touch, production process and method for the application thereof in visual art works produced by the blind

Info

Publication number: WO2019009694A1
Application number: PCT/MX2018/050016
Authority: WO
Inventors: Víctor Hugo GARRIDO SOTO
Original assignee: Garrido Soto Victor Hugo
Priority date: 2017-07-05
Filing date: 2018-07-04
Publication date: 2019-01-10
Also published as: MX2017008886A

Abstract

A technique and components are provided, so that blind people can create visual art of the type created with mosaic tiles made of different materials. A set of components in the form of square mosaic tiles is provided, characterised in that each component has tactile reliefs for identifying the colour or visual value of the component without seeing it, wherein the identification signs in high or low relief correspond to a special code wherein the shape thereof permits them to be recognised regardless of whether the component is rotated or flipped symmetrically over for reasons of moulding. With sufficient copies of each of the eight generic components, they can be secured on a tactile laying pattern, which represents a previously designed artistic motif and indicates the positions in which each mosaic tile should be placed.

Description

MOSAICS WHOSE VISUAL VALUES ARE IDENTIFYABLE TO THE TOUCH, MANUFACTURING PROCESS AND METHOD FOR APPLYING IN VISUAL ARTWORKS PRODUCED BY INVIDERS TECHNICAL FIELD TO WHICH THE INVENTION REFERS

The present invention relates to:

• The field of techniques and materials for the elaboration of works of visual and decorative arts, as well as graphic design.

• The field of finishes and coatings such as tiles, mosaics and tiles. • The field of educational and therapeutic instruments and techniques, as well as help and support for the blind, people with different abilities or learning problems.

• The field of psycho-social investigations and the development of intelligences.

BACKGROUND KNOWN BY THE APPLICANT

There are several products and techniques that are related by similarity or that, dissociated, mark antecedents of different technical aspects of the present invention:

En ● Regarding the use of polychromatic mosaics for the elaboration of images, there are the so-called "Venetian mosaics" that are used as impermeable coverings of the pools and that are feasible to be used for artistic and visual communication purposes, glass mosaics and ceramics sold in finishing shops for bathrooms and swimming pools, are examples of polychrome mosaics, a very exemplary and comprehensive case is the company that is shown in the following link: http://www.kolorines.com /is/

En ● Regarding the use of tactile signs applied in mosaics, there is an electronic device that converts Braille writing signs embossed on rectangular tiles, into audible voice signals, and is used for the teaching of Braille, information about The patent for this device can be found at the following link: https://www.google.com/patents/US20110300516 Tactile Tile Vocalization (Vocalisation of tactile mosaic)

C ● In relation to tactile point accommodations to identify visual data, this board was found that presents varied elevation pins and other tactile qualities to represent colors and contours: Record 722/950 US8573979B2 Tactile display to allow sight impaired to feel visual information including color. (Registration 722/950 US8573979B2 Tactile board that allows people with visual disabilities to feel visual information including color) D »Regarding the visual information generated by the blind, this coloring book was found that presents contours in relief to be filled with colored pigments: Record 763/950 US4073070A Coloring book for the blind (Record 763/950 US4073070A Book for coloring for the blind)

En · As regards the tactile identification of objects for the generation of visual information, this device was found that recognizes several three-dimensional objects that are placed in a certain order and interpreted by a computer as sequences of graphic information: Record 846/950 US6140913A Apparatus and method of assisting visually impaired persons to generate graphical data in a computer. (Record 846/950 US6140913A Apparatus and method to help people with visual impairment to generate graphic data in a computer) F "In relation to the possibility of generating tactile information on two-dimensional surfaces, this attachment was found for xerographic printing toner that produces relief prints: Record 870/950 US3924019A Method of raised xerographic printing and product. (Registration 870/950 US3924019A Method and product of xerographic printing in high relief)

The present description is not intended to patent a simple mosaic with

protuberances, it is about eight components whose specific form and structure solve a technical problem: That blind people perform works of visual art. This invention is presented as a unified concept of: Product, means of application and a method of manufacture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention described below, consists of a set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics, each of which has a different color or visual value, said visual value is recognized without seeing it, ie to the touch, using the specific sign in relief that each mosaic possesses (Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8). Multiple copies of each generic component are placed, without using the sense of sight, in the order established by a placement pattern embodied in tactile reliefs on any surface (Figure 9). Each of the eight generic components has a tactile relief mark, which denotes each of the eight signs of a special code made up of points that are quantified and distributed within a square envelope (Figures 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8). The code and its signs are the means of application of the mosaics

For purposes of this description, the generic or original pieces will be called components and their copies; mosaics It should also be noted that the word blind refers to any entity prevented from seeing, either by having their eyes closed or covered during a playful dynamic and not just people with visual disabilities.

WHAT IS IT FOR?

The present invention is a set of components in the form of square mosaics that, due to the possibility of integration of pigment in the entire volume of each piece, allows to generate artistic murals and decoration of high quality and durability, which, depending on the material with which the mosaic is manufactured, they can fulfill thermal, waterproof or Hearing insulator either outdoors or indoors, can also simply be executed as lightweight frames to hang on the walls.

Due to its modular simplicity and the multiple visual values that each mosaic can possess, this invention allows the realization of any visual work that adapts to the mosaic or pixelated graphic techniques, without size restrictions.

This invention has the objective of developing an innovative and inclusive visual expression technique; where basic, but not limited, people with visual disabilities participate in the execution of a collaborative work of art, thus opening a space of artistic, educational, therapeutic, labor and recreational opportunities for various sectors of society. HOW IS IT AND HOW DOES IT WORK?

Because of the search for maximum simplicity of operation, the mosaic or component must be a mosaic, a cube or a prism with at least two opposite square faces, in one of which is shaped in high or low-relief the corresponding sign that must be as in the code that is claimed and must be perfectly identifiable with the sense of touch (Figures 1 -8) The physical form of this component solves the ergonomic needs of an important human group.

The invention consists of a set of eight generic components, each of them having a homogeneous color or one or more visual values such as: half tones, multitonalities, satin, texture, transparency, luminescence, etc. For purposes of this description, the most complex case will be used, by the level of definition required, which is the one used for the reproduction of photographic images that present gradations of brightness-darkness, that is, the halftones or grayscale of a monochromatic photograph. Below is the example case: Each of the eight generic components has one of eight brightness / dark degrees. The degrees of brightness / darkness range from the lightest to the darkest. To make it possible to identify the degree of color of each component, without seeing them, the mosaics have tactile identification elements in relief, which denote signs of a special code that represents the brightness / darkness degrees 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, with the sign of numeral 1 for the lightest color tone and the sign of numeral 8 for the darker color tone (Figures 1 -8). The primary advantage of this tactile relief code is that regardless of whether the component is rotated or flipped in reflex symmetry because of the molding, the signs can not be confused with each other.

Sufficient batches of mosaics of each of the components must be manufactured to meet the needs of each particular work and fill in all the fields of the respective placement pattern (Figure 9), which is described below. The pattern of placement (Figure 9) is an impression made with inflatable ink, or any other material or technique perceptible to the touch, printed or shaped on a surface whose dimensions allow the extended and complete presentation of the previously designed pattern. The pattern of placement (Figure 9), is the composition of the work of art, made by an artist or designer, is a two-dimensional scheme that presents an arrangement of pictures, which are exactly the same size as the square face with reliefs of the components or manufactured tiles, each of the square fields of the scheme contains the tactile sign of the mosaic that, according to the design of the image, must be placed in said field. This pattern has been previously prepared freely by an artist or graphic designer, by means of digital or manual processes.

Once the components are fixed in place, you can proceed to give them a

final finish to the work polishing it, applying joints, grout or protective varnish or transforming it as free as the creativity of the artist choose.

WHO USES IT?

The end users who use this invention may be people with

visual impairment or diminished vision, or any person with normal vision with closed or covered eyes, or anyone 3 years of age or older.

The end user does not need to know Braille reading or writing nor have knowledge of drawing, design, art or photography, does not need to know how to read, write, or do basic mathematical operations, in the strict sense, you only need to be able to make logical associations, but not It requires knowing any numbering system known as Arabic, Mayan or Roman numerals. In this sense, the range of end users capable of producing images with this system is extended to very young children and older adults at very advanced ages, as well as to vulnerable groups with practically no educational level or people with learning or learning disabilities. various disabilities.

ADVANTAGES ABOUT THE KNOWN BACKGROUNDS

In no case, the known antecedents combine criteria for the solution of the described properties. In the case of the antecedent Α · the images made with mosaics, in no way could be elaborated by the blind.

The case of the antecedent Β · is an electronic device that is used to teach braille, using square mosaics with braille signs in relief that are arranged on a reading grid that identifies the signs and translates them into voice, avoiding completely generating visual messages as a product final. On the other hand, the present invention uses a special code different from braille, which is much simpler in its handling and its purpose is the creation of works of visual art. The antecedent C »is an apparatus that presents tactile values to the blind to perceive and recognize colors, contours and other visual qualities promoting a kind of perceptual re-education, unlike the present invention, which does not seek the perception" pseudo- visual "of the blind as a purpose but uses their sense of touch, without re-educating, as an occupational or work environment, to produce collaborative visual artistic works for the enjoyment of people with normal vision.

The antecedent D ^» is a system for the blind to generate works of visual appreciation, on patterns of contours in relief previously designed, using pigments to fill spaces of irregular shapes, unlike the present invention, which does not use pigments that are applied directly on a substrate, neither braille language, nor irregular contours, but square mosaics of pre-mixed colors, on regular grids and with a much simpler code than braille. The antecedent Ε · is a device for recognizing objects of different shapes, which have been placed by the blind on a scanner which recognizes the objects as well as the order in which they have been placed and translates them into graphic schemes that are presented on the screen . Although this device allows the blind to generate visual messages, it is different because it does so in terms of digital processes, unlike the one presented in this document, which is analog, which also has the advantage that its simplicity extends the creative possibilities, expressive, communicative, representational and community participation, as well as the possibilities of application in different industrial and social areas.

The antecedent F ● is a product or substance that is used to expand the toner print of a xerography that has any design, no

specifically a mosaic or a placement pattern, this material can be considered, not limitatively, as a technique that takes part in the printing of placement patterns.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figures 1-8 show:

• The three-dimensional shape of the generic component and its tactile signs

• The signs for each of the eight generic components.

· The most representative example of its color gradation or visual value.

Figure 9 shows examples of placement patterns

Figure 1

Three-dimensional shape of Component 1

Sign 1: A point at any angle of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: Pure white (2)

Figure 2

Three-dimensional shape of Component 2

Sign 2: Two points divided into two alternate angles of the envelope (1) Example of degree of brightness / darkness: Black at 1.25% (2)

Figure 3

Three-dimensional shape of Component 3

Sign 3: Three points divided into three corners of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: Black at 28.25% (2)

Figure 4

Three-dimensional shape of Component 4

Sign 4: Four points distributed in each of the 4 corners of the envelope (1) Example of degree of brightness / darkness: Black at 42.25% (2) Figure 5

Three-dimensional shape of Component 5

Sign 5: A point in the center of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: 56.25% black (2)

Figure 6

Three-dimensional shape of Component 6

Sign 6: A point in the center of the envelope and a point at any angle of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: Black at 70.25% (2)

Figure 7

Three-dimensional shape of Component 7

Sign 7: A point in the center of the envelope and two points divided into two alternate angles of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: 84.25% black (2)

Figure 8

Three-dimensional shape of Component 8

Sign 8: A point in the center of the envelope and three points divided into three corners of the envelope (1)

Example of brightness / darkness degree: 100% black (2) Figure 9

Two examples of mosaic placement patterns BEST METHOD KNOWN OR THE BEST WAY PROVIDED BY THE APPLICANT TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION CLAIMED

The mosaics can be made of diverse materials and multiple visual values and sizes. In this document the components are described universally from the point of view of their mechanical functionality, the description of the cellulose manufacturing method is not limiting.

The most efficient method for the manufacture of the components is through the use of suitable molds for each material that you want to use, either by injection, casting or casting, however, the assembly, cutting, cutting, drilling is not omitted or 3D printing, because the simplicity of the component allows to achieve it by different combinations of methods

POSSIBLE MATERIALS

The materials with which you can make three-dimensional mosaics are very varied to choose the material, take into account the following considerations:

• The material must allow to obtain the embossed points necessary for the tactile identification of the piece

• The material should be colored with mineral, organic or artificial pigments in the quantities necessary to obtain the tonal degrees or colors desired at the discretion of the artist or graphic designer or to have a pre-established catalog of a wide range of visual values.

• The color should not be easily worn so it is preferable that the color is integrated into the mixture of the material and not painted, if it has to be paint this should be resistant and of perfect adhesion in the material.

• If the final work must be transported, lightness should be preferred.

• If the final work will be exhibited outdoors; that does not absorb moisture or should be treated with some varnish.

• It must be smooth or of a light texture, since a procedure of cleaning by the dirt that it will accumulate, can cause a deterioration or detachment of the pieces

For the above reasons, the following materials can be considered to name a few examples: Metal, Ceramic, Mud, Plaster, Cement, Cellulose, Plastic, Resins, Glass or Wood

All these materials have a sufficient level of resistance to be

manipulated without danger of deforming or breaking them, however the level of resistance determines, among other factors such as toxicity, weight, and cost, the final use or commercial application of the component, namely:

• Plastic resins and wood: educational games, educational instruments and occupational therapy

• Ceramic, glass, clay and cement: Decoration and murals on facades, swimming pools, floors, bathrooms, mausoleums and any public or private enclosure that requires mosaics such as decorative finish, thermal coating, waterproofing or auditory insulation either outdoors or indoors . • Plaster and cellulose: Materials for artists, art, educational instruments and occupational therapy

• Metal: Art, architecture

Notwithstanding the above, there are literally hundreds of materials that could be used and that should not be excluded, such as organic, which can use vegetable mixtures, or food ingredients such as chocolate or gelatin.

Claims

1. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square tiles that are characterized by each of these components, has a different color or visual value, which is recognized without having to see them, ie touch, using the specific sign in high or low relief that each mosaic possesses (Figures 1 -8).

2. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 1, characterized in that they can be manufactured in an unlimited variety of sizes, provided that their shape is a mosaic, a cube or a prism with at least two faces square opposites, in one of which is embodied in high or low-relief the corresponding tactile sign whose only condition is that it is perfectly identifiable with the sense of touch (Figures 1 -8).

3. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 2, characterized in that copies having been made of each generic component in sufficient quantities, one or more people without seeing, can position, adhere, hold, paste or fix on any surface on which a pattern of placement in tactile reliefs has been shown or denoted, which presents the same signs of tactile identification in the positions and quantities necessary to produce or reproduce any visual work whose composition is based on the visual techniques of mosaics or pixelated.

4. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 3, characterized in that each of the eight generic components, has for its application by the blind, a tactile relief mark, which denotes each of the eight signs of a special code made up of points that are quantified and distributed within a square envelope (Figures 1 -8).

5. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 4, characterized because their simplicity allows them to be manufactured from any of the following generic materials: metal, ceramic, resin, mud, plaster, cement, cellulose, plastic, glass, wood, vegetable mixtures, and food ingredients such as chocolate and gelatin, using injection molding, casting or melting processes, as well as assembling, cutting, cutting, drilling or 3D printing, as the simplicity of component allows to achieve it by different methods and combinations of methods

6. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 5 characterized because, depending on the

material with which they are made or the artistic technique with which they are treated can present degrees and combinations of the following visual values: Saturation and desaturation of color, brightness and darkness, homogeneous matte and satin color, variation of color tone, multitonalities, texture and smoothness, transparency and opacity, reflective capacity, forsforescent, luminescent, appearance of veiled, smoked, metallic and patinated.

7. - Identification code of eight signs that is characterized as being the means of application of the components of the present invention, said signs represent numerals and are formed on the basis of points that are quantified and distributed between the interior angles and the center of a square envelope as follows: Sign 1: A point at any angle of the envelope (Figure 1) (1)

Sign 2: Two points divided into two alternate angles of the enclosure (Figure 2) (1) Sign 3: Three points divided into three corners of the enclosure (Figure 3) (1) Sign 4: Four points distributed in each of the Four angles of the enclosure (Figure 4) (1)

Sign 5: A point in the center of the envelope (Figure 5) (1)

Sign 6: A point at the center of the envelope and a point at any angle of the envelope (Figure 6) (1)

Sign 7: A point in the center of the envelope and two points divided into two alternate angles of the envelope (Figure 7) (1)

Sign 8: A point in the center of the mosaic and three points divided into three corners of the envelope (Figure 8) (1)

The primary advantage of this tactile relief code is that, regardless of whether the component is rotated or turned in reflex symmetry because of the molding, the signs can not be confused with each other.

Each of these signs is embodied in high or low relief on one of the square faces of each generic component of the present invention and serves to determine the touch, the visual value of said component, the points of the sign are shaped in relief and the envelope is formed by the edges or sides of the mosaic or square component.

8. Identification code of eight signs according to claim 7, characterized in that said signs are reflected in high or low relief on any surface to generate a pattern of tactile identification placement, the square envelopes of each sign of the pattern are exactly the same size as the square faces of the tiles or components. The Components or mosaics must be fixed, positioned, held, placed, adhered or pasted on the corresponding tactile sign of the pattern, aligning the four sides of the square of the mosaic with the four sides of the envelope of the corresponding sign of the pattern. The repetition and composition of signs in the pattern of placement is the result of a creative process and graphic design free and at the user's discretion, but the use of this invention and procedure is claimed whether it is a creative visual work, expressive, representational or communication, as well as if it is fixed, mobile, ephemeral or permanent and even when there is no physical pattern of placement, this can be inferred by association of other indicators, whether auditory, visual or external to the workspace .

9.- Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 6 and claim 8, characterized in that the method for its application constitutes an innovative and inclusive visual expression technique that also solves the following technical problems: The user final does not need to know braille reading or writing nor have knowledge of drawing, design, art or photography, does not need to know how to read, write, or do basic mathematical operations, strictly speaking, you only need to be able to make logical associations, but does not require knowing No numbering system known as Arabic, Mayan or Roman numerals. In this sense, the range of end users capable of producing and reproducing images with this system is extended to very young children and seniors at very advanced ages, as well as to vulnerable groups with almost no educational level, with learning problems. or people with diverse disabilities.

This product has application in the industry of educational instruments, methods and techniques, as well as in occupational therapy, group dynamics and psycho-social investigations, including market and advertising studies, as well as in the fields of research on animal intelligence and artificial intelligence. The invention is directed to people with visual impairment or diminished vision, or any person with normal vision with closed or covered eyes, or any person of 3 years and older, without gender distinction.

10. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics according to claim 6 and claim 8, characterized because depending on the material with which they are manufactured has the following industrial applications: artistic murals on facades, swimming pools, floors, bathrooms , mausoleums and any public or private enclosure that requires mosaics such as decorative finishes, materials for artists, pictures to hang on the walls and decoration of high quality and durability, as well as thermal, waterproof or sound insulating coatings either outdoors or indoor.

11. - Set of eight generic components in the form of square mosaics, according to claim 6 and claim 7, characterized in that the visual values of the eight components, denote preferable, but not limited, eight degrees of brightness / darkness, which are numbered from 1 to 8 and correspond to the eight tactile signs of identification of each component, with the sign 1 corresponding to the degree of brightness / darkness lighter or pure white (Figure 1) (2); the sign 2 corresponding to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to black at 14.25% (Figure 2) (2); the 3 sign corresponding to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to black at 28.25% (Figure 3) (2): the 4 sign corresponds to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to black at 42.25% (Figure 4)

(two); the sign 5 corresponding to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to black at 56.25% (Figure 5) (2); the sign 6 corresponds to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to 70.25% black (Figure 6) (2); the 7 sign corresponds to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to black at 84.25% (Figure 7) (2) and the sign 8 corresponds to the degree of brightness / darkness equivalent to 100% black (Figure 8) (2). Also, when the visual values of the components cover a lower range of brightness / darkness, that is, they do not reach pure white or 100% black, the gray values will adapt proportionally to the percentages mentioned for the scale that goes from the pure white to 100% black, in order to assign them the equivalent numeral for their own gray scale. Also when using other tones or shades other than white, black and gray, the tones will adapt depending on their degree of brightness or saturation, again corresponding to the numeral 1 for the tone or hue brighter or less saturated and the numeral 8 for the tone or nuance less luminous or more saturated, again, adapting the values to the scale used for that which goes from pure white to 100% black, with the purpose of assigning them the equivalent number for their own scale of luminosity or tonal saturation.

12. Process for the manufacture of the mosaics object of this invention characterized by using cellulose as a material, although not limited to it, since it is very accessible, moldable, it receives dyes very well, it is very light and makes it possible to be worked by almost anyone not to be toxic.

Counting with liquid cellulose in sufficient quantity to elaborate all the necessary mosaics of the same visual value or color for a determined work, dye is added, incorporating perfectly with agitation to obtain the tone of color required. Subsequently, the already colored and liquid cellulose is deposited inside a mold whose bottom is semi-fixed, that is to say, it can be removed or attached to the walls of the mold, which has the same size and square shape of the mosaics and is exactly the same size of the tactile signs that are will use in the corresponding placement pattern. The mold must have holes to drain the water, which are quantified and placed in the removable bottom of the mold with an accommodation equal to the design of the points that denote the tactile sign of the component that is going to be produced, so that, when squeezing the water of the mold, the cellulose acquires the shape of the mold including the drainage holes that are the same points of the tactile sign corresponding to the color of the component that is being produced. The height of the mold walls determines the maximum amount of liquid cellulose that can be loaded and the amount of charged cellulose determines the thickness of the resulting mosaic once squeezed. Once the mold is loaded, the excess water must be squeezed, applying flat and uniform pressure to completely compact the cellulose to the bottom of the mold. Finally, once squeezed, the bottom of the mold is removed to remove the cellulose mosaic from the mold. The mosaic is left to dry. The operation is repeated to generate the necessary mosaics of the same color and the amount of dye diluted in the liquid cellulose is varied to obtain other saturations or visual values of the other mosaics.