WO2019008931A1

WO2019008931A1 - Wind farm and arrangement determination device

Info

Publication number: WO2019008931A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/019942
Authority: WO
Inventors: 悠介大竹; 順弘楠野; 啓角谷; 守木村
Original assignee: 株式会社日立製作所
Priority date: 2017-07-07
Filing date: 2018-05-24
Publication date: 2019-01-10
Also published as: JP2019015236A; TW201907085A; TWI707085B

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to enable effective electric power generation. A wind farm 10 is provided with a plurality of wind turbines 1 that have blades and rotate in the wind. At least one of the wind turbines 1 is arranged, in a region lower than a ridge line on the downwind side of a main wind direction 300 at the ridge line, such that a lowest point L reached by the blades 23 is not lower than the height of the ridge line. In the wind farm, the plurality of wind turbines 1 include a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine arranged on the downwind side in the main wind direction 300 of the first wind turbine. The second wind turbine may be arranged so as to avoid an area which is in the downwind direction of the first wind turbine with respect to a predetermined range of wind directions including the main wind direction 300.

Description

Wind farm and arrangement determination device

The present invention relates to a wind farm having a plurality of wind power generators having blades that rotate in response to wind, and to an arrangement determination device that determines the arrangement of wind power generators.

BACKGROUND In recent years, wind farms equipped with a plurality of wind turbines (wind turbines) have been constructed. A place where a wind farm can be built needs to be a place where a strong wind is blowing, for example, it is built in a mountainous area.

For example, when constructing a wind farm in a mountainous area, in order to obtain wind effectively, the wind power generator is located in the vicinity of the shoreline or the windward region of the main wind direction (wind direction most frequent throughout the year) than the shoreline. To install.

When constructing a wind farm, how to arrange the windmills is important, and it is very difficult to determine how to determine the positional relationship with other windmills.

On the other hand, there is known a technique for determining the optimum arrangement of wind turbines from the viewpoint of the amount of power generation using wind speed data in which wind speed values at each point in a construction site are summarized for each wind condition (for example, Patent Document 1).

JP, 2010-127235, A

For wind farms constructed in mountainous areas, consider the arrangement of wind turbines considering the effects of topography turbulence generated by terrain and wind turbine wakes (also called wakes) that have passed through wind turbines located on the windward side. is necessary. There is a problem that the power generation amount of the wind turbine decreases or damage to the wind turbine occurs during the topography turbulence and the wind turbine wake.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a technology for enabling effective power generation.

In order to achieve the above object, a wind farm according to one aspect is a wind farm comprising a plurality of wind power generators having blades rotating in response to wind, wherein at least one wind power generator is a lee of a main wind direction of a ridge. In the area lower than the ridgeline of the side, the lowest reaching point of the blade is arranged to be higher than the elevation of the ridgeline.

According to the present invention, power can be generated effectively.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a wind turbine according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the wind conditions passing the ridge line. FIG. 3 is a layout view of one wind turbine of the wind farm according to the first embodiment. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the upwind side on the wind turbine on the downwind side. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the upwind side on the wind turbine on the downwind side in a small scale wind farm. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the wind side in a large-scale wind farm on the wind turbine on the wind down side. FIG. 7 is a side view showing the configuration of the wind farm according to the second embodiment. FIG. 8 is a top view showing the configuration of the wind farm according to the second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a view showing the propagation direction of the wind turbine wake generated by the relationship between the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor constituting the wind turbine according to the fourth embodiment and the wind direction. FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a wind turbine arrangement determination device according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a windmill placement determination process according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing wind condition data in the wind farm according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 13: is a figure which shows the wind condition data which considered the wake in the wind farm which concerns on 5th Embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the method of determining the best plan according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a wind turbine arrangement determination process according to the sixth embodiment.

Several embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. The embodiments described below do not limit the invention according to the claims, and all of the elements described in the embodiments and their combinations are essential to the solution means of the invention. There is no limit.

First, the wind farm according to the first embodiment will be described.

The wind farm is a collective wind power plant or a wind turbine group including at least two wind turbines (wind power generation devices) 1.

FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a wind turbine according to a first embodiment.

The wind turbine 1 includes a rotor 24 provided with blades 23 rotating in response to wind and a hub 22 supporting the blades 23, a nacelle 21 rotatably supporting the rotor 24, and a tower 20 rotatably supporting the nacelle 21. And.

In the nacelle 21, a main shaft 25 rotatably connected to the hub 22 and a main shaft 25 connected to the main shaft 25 to rotate at a rotational speed increased by the speed increasing gear 27 and the speed increasing gear 27. A generator 28 is provided which generates electricity by rotating the child. The speed increasing gear 27 and the generator 28 are held on the main frame 29. An anemometer 32 for measuring wind direction data and wind speed data is installed on the top surface of the nacelle 21.

In addition, the wind turbine 1 includes a yaw angle drive device 33 that drives the direction of the nacelle 21 (referred to as a yaw angle), that is, the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor 24. The yaw angle drive 33 is disposed between the bottom of the nacelle 21 and the tip of the tower 20. The yaw angle drive device 33 includes an actuator and a motor that drives the actuator. In addition, the wind turbine 1 includes, in the nacelle 21, a pitch angle driving device (not shown) that drives the inclination angle (pitch angle) of the blades 23. The pitch drive includes an actuator for adjusting the tilt angle of the blade 23 and a motor for driving the actuator.

Inside the tower 20, a power converter 30, which converts the frequency of the electric power generated by the generator 28, a control device 31, and a switch, a switching switch, a transformer, etc., which opens and closes current are not shown. It is done. In addition, although the example which installed the power converter 30 and the control apparatus 31 in the bottom part of the tower 20 is shown in FIG. 1, these apparatuses are not restricted to the bottom part of the tower 20, The other inside of the windmill 2 is shown. It may be installed at a place.

For example, a control panel or Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) may be used as the control device 31. The control device 31 centrally controls the operation of the wind turbine 1. For example, the control device 31 is connected to the yaw angle drive device 33 through a signal line, outputs a yaw angle control command, rotates the motor of the yaw angle drive device 33, and displaces the actuator by a desired amount. Thus, the rotation of the nacelle 21 is controlled to a desired yaw angle. Further, the control device 31 outputs a pitch angle control command to a pitch angle driving device (not shown) to control the pitch angle of the blade 23 to be a desired angle.

In wind farms in mountainous areas, since the average wind speed tends to be higher as the altitude is higher, it is common to install a wind turbine along a ridgeline. However, due to noise and problems with surrounding houses, it may not always be possible to install on the shoreline, so it may be necessary to consider installation places other than the shoreline.

Here, the wind conditions passing through the shoreline will be described.

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining the wind conditions passing the ridge line.

One of the features of wind passing through mountainous areas is separation of flow. The separation of the flow is shown in FIG. 2 that the wind 310 rising along the slope passes the mountaintop as a wind 311 and does not descend along the ground, but the wind 312 flows upward. It refers to the phenomenon that flows. Here, the region 350 which is the leeward side with respect to the ridgeline of the mountain is called a peeling region.

In the separation region 350, since the wind speed drops sharply, the power generation efficiency is poor even if the wind turbine is disposed in this region. In addition, in the separation region 350, a large wind disturbance such as a local change in wind direction occurs, which may cause a large load fluctuation applied to the wind turbine.

So, in the wind farm in this embodiment, it arrange | positions a windmill so that the braid | blade 23 of at least one windmill 1 may not pass the peeling area | region 350. As shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a layout view of one wind turbine of the wind farm according to the first embodiment.

In the present embodiment, the wind turbine 1 (here, the wind turbine 211) is disposed at a position lower than the ridgeline on the leeward side of the ridgeline with respect to the main wind direction (windflow direction of highest frequency throughout the year) 300. The wind turbine 211 is disposed such that the lowest reaching point of the blades 23 of 211 is equal to or higher than the altitude H of the ridge located on the windward side. In addition, the ridgeline here and the arrangement position of the windmill 1 belong to the same mountain part, for example, and the ridgeline is a ridgeline nearest to the arrangement position of the windmill 1. By arranging the wind turbine 211 in this manner, the blade 23 of the wind turbine 211 does not pass through the separation region 350 shown in FIG. 2 and power generation by the wind turbine 211 is appropriately prevented from being affected by flow separation. can do.

In addition, with a ridgeline, it is not limited to what is formed in the natural world, For example, it may be artificially created. For example, in order to arrange the wind turbine 211 so that the lowest arrival point of the blade 23 of the wind turbine 211 is higher than the elevation of the ridge located on the windward side, for example, the ridge is artificially created to lower the elevation of the ridge. You may do it.

In addition, in the wind farm, when there are a plurality of windmills 1 disposed on the leeward side of the ridgeline, the ridgeline at which the lowest reaching point of the blades 23 of the windmills 1 is located on the windward side The lowest arrival point of the blades 23 of the wind turbine 1 is arranged to be higher than the elevation of the ridge located on the windward side for all the wind turbines 1. You may

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to install the windmill in the area on the leeward side of the main wind direction of the ridgeline in the mountainous region, and install more windmills as compared to the case where the windmills are arranged limited to the ridgeline. can do. In addition, since the power generation can be performed without the blades 23 of the wind turbine 1 passing through the separation region 350, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine 1 can be increased.

Next, a wind farm according to a second embodiment will be described.

The wind farm according to the second embodiment arranges a plurality of wind turbines in consideration of the positional relationship between each other. A detailed description of the points in common with the first embodiment is omitted.

First, the influence on the windmill located on the downwind side by the windmill located on the upwind side will be described.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the upwind side on the wind turbine on the downwind side.

The wind that has passed through the wind turbine 100 located on the windward side is called a wind turbine wake (also referred to simply as a wake). When this wind turbine wake is compared with the wind before flowing into the wind turbine 100 located on the windward side, the wind characteristics such as the wind direction and the wind speed are changed. The change in the characteristic of the wind turbine wake depends on the operating state of the wind turbine 100 located on the windward side. Here, the operating state includes states such as the inclination angle (pitch angle) of the blades 23 of the wind turbine 100, the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor 24, and the like.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the upwind side on the wind turbine on the downwind side in a small scale wind farm. FIG. 6 is a view for explaining the influence of the wind turbine on the wind side in a large-scale wind farm on the wind turbine on the wind down side.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the wind farm 12 composed of two wind turbines, depending on the wind direction, the windward side is in the wind turbine wake region (wind turbine wake region) of the wind turbine 100 located on the windward side. There is a possibility that the windmill 200 located in may enter.

Further, in the wind farm 13 configured of four wind turbines, in the case of the wind direction as shown in FIG. 6, the wind turbine 100 after the wind turbine 100 in the wind-down direction with respect to one wind turbine 100a located on the wind-up. In the flow area, one wind turbine 200b may be located, and two wind turbines 200 may be located in other places. When the wind direction changes, the relationship between the wind turbines changes. For example, depending on the wind direction, either the wind turbine 200b located on the downwind side or the wind turbine 200d is a wind turbine located on the windward side, and any of the wind turbine 100a located on the windward side or the wind turbine 200d is a wind turbine located on the windward side There is a case.

Here, the wind turbine wake (the wake) will be described. In the wind farm shown in FIG. 6, in the wind passing through the wind turbine 100a located on the windward side, the wind conditions such as the wind direction and the wind speed change due to the rotation of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 100a located on the windward side. At this time, it is conceivable that not only the wind direction and the wind speed, but also the turbulence characteristics and the shape of the vortices, which are the wind turbulence, change.

As shown in FIG. 6, after passing through the wind turbine 100 a located on the windward side, the wind turbine wake flows to the windward side while spreading. That is, the wind turbine wake spreads and propagates to the downwind side while generating an eddy current (turbulence). Here, the area where the wind turbine wake propagates to the downwind side while creating a swirling flow (turbulence) while diffusing is referred to as a wind turbine wake area (also referred to as a wake area). In the situation shown in FIG. 6, in the wind turbine 200b located on the downwind side, the amount of power generation is reduced and the accumulated damage degree is increased, as compared with the wind turbine 200d located on the outside of the wind turbine wake area.

FIG. 7 is a side view showing the configuration of the wind farm according to the second embodiment. FIG. 7 shows a view of the wind farm in the direction in which the ridges extend (in the depth direction of the drawing).

In a wind farm, since the average wind speed tends to increase according to the altitude, the wind farm is generally installed on the shoreline like the wind turbine 1 (wind turbine 101). However, since the land on the shoreline is limited, it is necessary to install the wind turbine 1 (wind turbine 201) at a position lower in elevation than the shoreline, for example, in consideration of installing the wind turbine. In the mountainous area, when attention is paid to the appearance frequency of the wind direction, since the appearance frequency of the wind crossing the ridgeline becomes high as in the wind direction 300 in FIG. It is important to arrange so as not to be affected by the flow. In addition, the windmill 201 is arrange | positioned so that the lowest arrival point of the braid | blade 23 may become higher than the altitude H of the ridgeline located in windward.

FIG. 8 is a top view showing the configuration of the wind farm according to the second embodiment.

The windmill 101 (first windmill) and the windmill 102 (first windmill) are installed on the same shoreline. For example, the ridgeline is likely to be in the direction perpendicular to the main wind direction. Here, a case where the ridgeline is perpendicular to the main wind direction will be described as an example. Since the distance 401 between the

wind turbines

101 and 102 extends in the direction perpendicular to the main wind direction, it is preferable that the distance between the

wind turbines

101 and 102 be at least three times the diameter of the rotor 24 of the

wind turbines

101 and 102, for example. Here, since it is preferable to arrange the wind turbine 201 (second wind turbine) so as to avoid the influence of the wind turbine wake of the

wind turbines

101 and 102 on the shoreline when the wind in the main wind direction blows, , 102 is preferably avoided from the downwind direction of the main wind direction. For example, it is desirable to arrange so that it may become physical relationship with windmill 100a shown in Drawing 6, and windmill 200d.

In addition, since the appearance probability of the wind inclined at least a predetermined angle (for example, 45 degrees depending on the location) from the main wind direction is significantly reduced, the wind direction of the wind turbine 201 is compared to the wind direction of the wind turbine 101 and the wind turbine 102. It is preferable not to fall within an angle width range (in this example, for example, a range of 90 degrees) in which a predetermined angle is taken on both sides centering on the downwind direction. For example, in the case where the predetermined angle is 45 degrees, the distance between the wind turbine 201 and the approximate middle position between the wind turbine 101 and the wind turbine 102 may be half or less of the distance 401 between the wind turbines. With this arrangement, the wind turbine 201 can avoid the influence of the wind turbine wake by the wind turbine 101 and the wind turbine 102 as long as the change of the wind direction is within 45 degrees with respect to the main wind direction. The angular width range may be a range of wind direction in which the appearance probability is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (for example, 90%).

Although FIG. 8 shows an example in which the ridge line is a straight line and two wind turbines are arranged on the ridge line, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, three or more wind turbines may be arranged on the ridge line Even in this case, the arrangement of one wind turbine on the downwind side of the main wind direction may be made to have the same positional relationship as in FIG. 8 with respect to each two adjacent wind turbines. In addition, even when the ridgeline is not a straight line but a curved line, by setting the wind turbines to have the same positional relationship, the windward wind turbine can be disposed at a position where the influence of the wind turbine wake is small. .

Moreover, in FIG. 8, although the arrangement | positioning relationship between the windmill arrange | positioned in a ridgeline and the windmill arrange | positioned in the leeward side of the main wind direction rather than it was demonstrated, for example, it arrange | positioned in the windward side of the main wind direction. With regard to the placement relationship between multiple wind turbines and the wind turbines located on the leeward side of the main wind direction, the influence of the wind turbine wake of the wind turbine just in front of the windward is appropriately achieved by the same placement relationship as above. It can be avoided.

According to the present embodiment, it is possible to install the wind turbine also in the windward and leeward regions of the ridgeline and the main wind direction of the ridgeline in the mountain area, compared to the case where the wind turbine is disposed limited to the ridgeline. More windmills can be installed. Further, since the wind turbines are not arranged side by side in the direction of the main wind direction, the wind turbine is less affected by the wind turbine wake of the wind turbine on the windward side of the main wind direction, and the power generation efficiency can be increased.

Next, a wind farm according to a third embodiment will be described.

The wind farm according to the third embodiment is configured to control an operation state of a wind turbine located on the downwind side of another wind turbine in a wind farm in which a plurality of wind turbines are arranged. In addition, although arrangement | positioning of the windmill in a wind farm may be arrangement | positioning of the windmill shown in 2nd Embodiment and may be arrangement | positioning of another windmill, it is not the windmill shown here in 2nd Embodiment. The case of the arrangement will be described as an example.

For example, in the wind farm shown in FIG. 8, when the distance 401 between the wind turbines is three times the diameter of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 which is the recommended minimum distance, the wind turbine between the wind turbine 201 and the wind turbine 101 The distance 421 and the distance 422 between the wind turbine 201 and the wind turbine 102 are approximately 2.1 times the diameter of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 and smaller than the distance 401 between the wind turbines. For this reason, the wind whose wind direction is such that the wind turbine 201 is located in the wind turbine wake region of the wind turbine 102, that is, the wind where the wind turbine 201 is positioned downwind of the wind turbine 102 (the positional relationship of the wind turbine 200b with respect to the wind turbine 100a in FIG. When the wind direction (wind direction) is generated, the load amplitude generated in the wind turbine 201 becomes large, and fatigue damage tends to be accumulated.

So, in this embodiment, when the wind of such a wind direction appears, by changing the windmill control in the windmill 201, the influence of load amplitude is reduced. More specifically, when the control device 31 of the wind turbine 201 detects the wind direction in which the wind turbine 201 turns downwind of the

wind turbine

101 or 102 based on the wind direction data from the wind direction and anemometer 32, the wind turbine 201 is detected. Control to stop or fall back on. As a control method of the degeneration operation, for example, there is a method of changing the pitch angle of the blade 23 and controlling the direction of the blade 23 to be substantially parallel to the wind direction to reduce the number of rotations of the rotor 24 . Thus, when the wind turbine 2101 is located in the wake region where the turbulence of the wind is large, the load amplitude due to rotation can be reduced, and an increase in the degree of damage given to the wind turbine 201 can be suppressed.

According to the wind farm which concerns on this embodiment, while being able to arrange | position a windmill in high density, the increase in the damage degree of the windmill 201 which becomes leeward side can be suppressed.

Next, a wind farm according to a fourth embodiment will be described.

The wind farm according to the fourth embodiment is configured to control the operation state of a wind turbine located on the windward side of another wind turbine in a wind farm in which a plurality of wind turbines are arranged. In addition, although arrangement | positioning of the windmill in a wind farm may be arrangement | positioning of the windmill shown in 2nd Embodiment and may be arrangement | positioning of another windmill, it is not the windmill shown here in 2nd Embodiment. The case of the arrangement will be described as an example.

As described in the third embodiment, in the wind farm shown in FIG. 8, the wind direction is such that the wind turbine 201 is located in the wind turbine wake area of the wind turbine 102, that is, the wind turbine 201 is located in the windward direction of the wind turbine 102 When a wind (a wind in a wind direction that has a positional relationship of the wind turbine 200b with respect to the wind turbine 100a in FIG. 6) is generated, the load amplitude generated on the wind turbine 201 becomes large, and fatigue damage tends to be accumulated.

So, in this embodiment, when the wind of such a wind direction appears, the influence of the windmill backflow in the windmill 201 is reduced by changing control of the windmill 101 (102) of windward.

Here, the propagation direction of the wind turbine wake produced by the relationship between the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor that constitutes the wind turbine and the wind direction will be described.

FIG. 9 is a view showing the propagation direction of the wind turbine wake generated by the relationship between the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor constituting the wind turbine according to the fourth embodiment and the wind direction. FIG. 9 (A) shows the wind turbine wake area in the case where the rotation surface of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 faces the wind direction, and FIG. 9 (B) shows the wind direction of the rotation surface of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 Shows a wind turbine wake region in the case where control is performed so as to be directed obliquely to.

When the rotation surface of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 faces the wind direction, the wind turbine wake propagates in the same direction as the wind direction, as shown in FIG. It is formed symmetrically with respect to the On the other hand, when control is performed so that the rotational surface of the rotor 24 of the wind turbine 1 is directed obliquely to the wind direction, the wind that has flowed into the wind turbine 1 flows from the rotational surface of the rotor 24 as shown in FIG. The lateral force received causes the wind turbine wake to propagate obliquely with respect to the wind direction, forming a wind turbine wake region inclined with respect to the wind direction.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, when a wind direction appears such that the wind turbine 101 (102) is in the upwind direction of the wind turbine 201, the wind turbine control in the wind turbine 101 (102) is changed to form a wind turbine wake region. The wind turbine 201 is made to go out of the wind turbine wake area by changing the area of the wind turbine 201 so as to reduce the decrease in the amount of power generation and the increase in the degree of damage in the wind turbine 201. More specifically, when the control device 31 of the wind turbine 101 (102) detects a wind in which the wind turbine 101 (102) turns upwind of the wind turbine 201 based on the wind direction data from the wind direction and anemometer 32 In this case, the direction of the rotation surface of the rotor 24 is changed by controlling the yaw angle by the yaw angle drive device 33 of the wind turbine 101 (102). As a result, the propagation direction of the wind turbine wake by the wind turbine 101 (102) is changed, and the wind turbine 201 comes out of the wind turbine wake area of the wind turbine 101 (102), and the amount of power generation in the wind turbine 201 decreases and the degree of damage increases. Can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the yaw angle is changed as a control change of the wind turbine 101 (102) located on the windward side, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the pitch angle of the blades 23 is also changed. You may do so. For example, the control device 31 changes the yaw angle and changes the pitch angle of the blade 23 when the wind direction in which the wind turbine 101 (102) is in the wind up direction of the wind turbine 201 is detected. May be changed so as to be substantially parallel to the wind direction. Such a change reduces the energy that the wind turbine 101 (102) rotates the rotor 24 to recover. This makes it possible to increase the wind speed in the wake region, reduce the intensity of turbulence (turbulence intensity), and increase the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine 201 located in the wake region. It is possible to suppress an increase in the degree of damage to the wind turbine 201.

Next, a wind turbine arrangement determination device according to a fifth embodiment will be described.

The wind turbine arrangement determination apparatus according to the fifth embodiment can determine the arrangement plan of the plurality of wind turbines and the control plan of the wind turbines in the wind farm described in the first to fourth embodiments.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram of a wind turbine arrangement determination device according to the fifth embodiment.

The wind turbine arrangement determining device 50 as an example of the arrangement determining device is configured by, for example, a general PC (Personal Computer), and an auxiliary storage device as an example of a CPU, a memory 52, and a storage unit as an example of a processor unit. 53, a display device 54, an input device 55, and a bus 56 interconnecting the components.

The CPU 51 executes various processes in accordance with programs stored in the memory 52 and / or the auxiliary storage device 53. The CPU 51 is an example of a rotation speed control unit, a wake control unit, and a recovery energy control unit.

The memory 52 is, for example, a RAM (RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY), and stores a program executed by the CPU 51 and necessary information.

The auxiliary storage device 53 is, for example, a bird disk, a flash memory, etc., and stores programs executed by the CPU 51 and data used by the CPU 51. In the present embodiment, the auxiliary storage device 53 is a program for determining the placement plan and control plan of the wind turbine, information such as wind direction and wind speed at the construction site of the wind farm, and a model for obtaining the wind turbine wake in the wind turbine. Store data etc.

The display device 54 is, for example, a display device such as a liquid crystal display, and displays various information (for example, a placement plan and a control plan). The input device 55 is, for example, an input device such as a mouse and a keyboard, and receives an input operation by the user.

Next, the windmill arrangement determination processing by the windmill arrangement determination device 50 will be described.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a windmill placement determination process according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing wind condition data in the wind farm according to the fifth embodiment. FIG. 13: is a figure which shows the wind condition data which considered the wake in the wind farm which concerns on 5th Embodiment. FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an example of the method of determining the best plan according to the fifth embodiment.

In the wind turbine arrangement determination process, the CPU 51 calculates the wind conditions at the construction site of the wind farm based on the information such as the wind direction, the wind power and the like stored in the auxiliary storage device 53 (step S11). In this step, since the arrangement plan of the wind turbine is undecided, the CPU 51 calculates the wind conditions considering only the influence of the topography without considering the influence of the wind turbine wake. The wind conditions to be calculated include, for example, not only the wind direction and the wind speed, but also shear representing the slope of the wind speed in the vertical direction, and turbulence intensity representing the strength of wind turbulence.

Next, the CPU 51 formulates an arrangement plan of the wind turbines in the wind farm 10, and extracts information on the wind conditions at the positions of the wind turbines from the wind conditions obtained in step S11 (step S12).
In this step, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, the appearance probability 810 of each wind speed at the arrangement position of each wind turbine, turbulence intensity 820 for each wind speed, wind shear 830 and the like are extracted as wind condition information. In addition, as an arrangement plan, an arrangement plan in which at least one wind turbine is arranged such that the lowest reaching point of the blades 23 of the wind turbine 1 is higher than the elevation of the ridge in a region lower than the ridge downstream of the leeward side of the main wind direction of the ridge. For the second wind turbine arranged on the leeward side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind turbine, the second wind turbine may generate the second A placement plan may be formulated in which the wind turbine is disposed away from the downwind direction of the wind turbine.

Next, the CPU 51 determines a windmill to be controlled (hereinafter referred to as a target windmill in the description of the process), and a control plan of the target windmill (for example, control parameters such as yaw control amount and pitch control amount) It determines (step S13). The control proposal may include the control proposals shown in the third and fourth embodiments described above. Here, when control is performed on the target wind turbine, the wind turbine downstream flow generated by the target wind turbine has characteristics such as the propagation direction, the reduction rate of the wind speed, and the increase rate of the turbulent intensity depending on the contents of the control plan (control parameters). Changes. Therefore, in order to calculate the wind conditions of the wind turbine wake according to various control parameters, the prepared wake model is updated based on the control parameters of the control plan (step S14).

Next, as shown in FIG. 13, the CPU 51 calculates the wind conditions (probability of appearance 811 of each wind speed, turbulence intensity 821 for each wind speed, wind shear 831) at each wind turbine position using the model of the wake ( Step S15). The wind conditions obtained by this change from the wind conditions obtained in step S12 due to the influence of the wake.

Next, using the appearance probability 811 of each wind speed, the turbulence intensity 821 for each wind speed, and the wind shear 831 obtained in step S15, the CPU 51 calculates the total power generation amount of the entire wind farm and the damage degree of each wind turbine (Step S16).

Next, the CPU 51 determines whether or not the optimal control plan has been determined (step S17).
If the optimal control plan is not determined (step S17: NO), the processes of steps S13 to S16 are performed again. As a result, the control plan is changed with respect to the same layout plan, and step S13 to step S16 are repeatedly executed, and an optimal control plan is searched. Here, as an optimal control proposal, the control proposal may be a control proposal in which the degree of damage falls below a design allowable value (predetermined value) and the total power generation amount of the wind farm is maximized (estimated as maximum).

Here, as a specific method of determining the optimal control plan in step S17, for example, a method as shown in FIG. 14, that is, a method in which the damage degree is a constraint function and the total power generation amount is an objective function is considered. Be Specifically, while satisfying the constraint function, the total power generation amount is calculated while changing the control parameter, and the obtained maximum value of the total power generation amount (Nth acquisition) is stored, and the maximum value is obtained. After that, even if the calculation is performed only a predetermined threshold value M times (total N + M times), when the maximum value of total power generation amount has not been updated, the total power generation amount of the maximum value at that time (Nth value) It is possible to estimate the maximum value and to determine the control parameter at that time as the optimal control plan. In addition, as a method of performing an iterative calculation and determining an optimal plan, it is not limited to the said method, You may make it use other optimization algorithms, such as a method using a genetic algorithm.

On the other hand, when the optimal control plan is determined (step S17: YES), the CPU 51 advances the process to step S18.

In step S18, the CPU 51 determines whether or not the optimal layout plan has been determined, and if the optimal layout plan has not been determined (step S18: NO), the processing of step S12 to step S17 is performed again. As a result, the arrangement plan is changed, and the process of determining the control plan most suitable for the arrangement plan is repeatedly executed, and the optimum arrangement plan is searched. Here, as an optimal placement plan, the degree of damage may be less than a predetermined design allowance, and the total generation amount of the wind farm may be maximized (estimated).

Here, as a specific method of determining the optimal layout plan in step S18, a method similar to that of step S17 described above may be used, or a method different from step S17 may be used.

On the other hand, when the optimal layout plan is determined (step S18: YES), the CPU 51 determines the optimal layout plan determined in step S18 and the optimal control plan determined as the optimal control plan in step S17. The control plan is displayed and output on the display device 54.

According to this process, while realizing high-density wind turbine arrangement, it is possible to reduce an increase in the degree of damage to the wind turbine located in the wake region and maximize the total power generation, and a wind turbine arrangement plan and control You can decide the draft appropriately.

Next, a wind turbine arrangement determination device according to a sixth embodiment will be described.

As the area where wind turbines can be installed actually in the construction site of the wind farm, in addition to the conditions related to the terrain and wind conditions, the presence or absence of roads for equipment transportation, the response of the land right holder, the presence or absence of nearby residents, etc. There are cases where it is necessary. That is, even if the optimum arrangement of the wind turbines can be determined from the viewpoint of the wind conditions, it may be considered that installation becomes difficult due to factors other than the wind conditions. In addition, it is preferable that the user can freely set the number of wind turbines to be arranged in the wind farm, and for example, it is also required to specify a larger number of the number and to determine the optimal arrangement plan for high density windmill arrangement. It is conceivable. For example, by increasing the number of bases, it is possible to increase the amount of power generation at a wind speed below the rated frequency where the appearance frequency is high, and also to improve the effect of smoothing the output.

Therefore, in the wind turbine arrangement determination apparatus according to the sixth embodiment, the requirements for the installable area of the wind turbine, such as the distance from the residence of the nearby residents where the wind turbine can be installed and the distance from the transport road where the wind turbine can be installed The layout plan is determined in consideration of the installation requirements of the wind turbines such as the requirements for the number of wind turbines. The distance from the haul road where the wind turbine can be installed can be considered, for example, as a requirement for suppressing the transportation cost at the time of installation of the wind turbine, the construction period, and the like.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart of a wind turbine arrangement determination process according to the sixth embodiment. The same parts as those in the flowchart of the wind turbine arrangement determining process according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 11 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description will not be repeated.

In step S21, the CPU 51 receives an input of installation requirements by the user via the input device 55. The installation requirements include at least the requirements for the installable area of the wind turbine such as the distance from the residence of the residents capable of installing the wind turbine and the distance from the transport road on which the wind turbine can be installed It may be one side.

Next, the CPU 51 formulates a wind turbine arrangement plan that meets the installation requirements input in step S21 (step S22). Here, in step S21, when the distance from the residence of the installable nearby residents, the distance from the installable transport road, etc. is accepted as the installation requirement, the area of the construction site which does not satisfy the requirement is Since it is excluded from the position where the wind turbine is arranged when formulating the arrangement plan, the arrangement range to be considered in the processing can be suppressed, and the amount of processing can be reduced. In addition, when the number of wind turbines is specified, the number of wind turbines to be considered in the process is limited, so that the amount of processing can be reduced.

As described above, according to the wind turbine layout determination device according to the present embodiment, since the optimum layout plan is determined based on the requirements for the installable area, the layout of the wind turbine layout with reduced cost, construction period, etc. You can get a plan. In addition, it is possible to appropriately determine the placement plan of the high density wind turbine layout, and to determine the layout plan in consideration of the wind turbine layout corresponding to various geographical factors and the like.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and can be appropriately modified and implemented without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

For example, although a downwind type wind turbine has been described as an example of a wind power generator (wind turbine) in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this and may be an upwind type wind turbine. Further, although the wind turbine in which the rotor is constituted by the three blades and the hub is shown as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the rotor may be constituted by the hub and at least one blade. .

Further, in the above embodiment, each wind turbine 1 is provided with the control device 31, and the control device 31 provided in the wind turbine 1 controls the respective wind turbine 1, but the present invention is not limited thereto. A control device that centrally controls the plurality of wind turbines 1 of the farm 10 may be provided, and the control device may control the plurality of wind turbines 1.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Wind mill, 10 ... Wind farm, 23 ... Blade, 24 ... Rotor, 31 ... Control device, 33 ... Yaw angle drive device

Claims

A wind farm comprising a plurality of wind power generators having blades rotating in response to wind.
A wind farm, wherein at least one of the wind turbines is arranged such that the lowest arrival point of the blade is equal to or higher than the elevation of the ridge in a region lower than the ridge on the downwind side of the main wind direction of the ridge.
The plurality of wind turbines includes a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine disposed on the downwind side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind turbine.
2. The wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the second wind turbine generator is disposed so as to avoid the downwind direction of the first wind turbine with respect to a wind direction of a predetermined range including the main wind direction. .
The wind farm according to claim 2, wherein the wind direction in the predetermined range including the main wind direction is a wind direction in a range in which the appearance probability is equal to or higher than a predetermined rate.
The wind farm according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the downwind direction is a range of a predetermined angular width centered on the downwind direction of the main wind direction of the first wind turbine.
The plurality of wind turbines includes a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine disposed on the downwind side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind turbine.
A wind direction detection unit that detects the wind direction;
When the wind direction is a wind direction in which the second wind power generation device belongs to a wake area where the wind having passed through the first wind power generation device flows, the blade of the second wind power generation device is A rotation speed control unit that performs control so as to reduce the rotation speed of the blade by adjusting
The wind farm according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
The plurality of wind turbines includes a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine disposed on the downwind side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind turbine.
A wind direction detection unit that detects the wind direction;
In the case where the wind direction is a wind direction in which the second wind power generation device belongs to a wake area where a wind having passed through the first wind power generation device flows, the blade of the first wind power generation device A wake control unit configured to control the second wind power generator to be detached from a wake area in which the wind having passed through the first wind power generation device flows by adjusting the rotation surface;
The wind farm according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:
The plurality of wind turbines includes a first wind turbine and a second wind turbine disposed on the downwind side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind turbine.
A wind direction detection unit that detects the wind direction;
In the case where the wind direction is a wind direction in which the second wind power generation device belongs to a wake area where a wind having passed through the first wind power generation device flows, the blade of the first wind power generation device A recovery energy control unit that performs control to reduce the energy recovered by the first wind turbine by adjusting the pitch angle;
The wind farm according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
An arrangement determining device for determining arrangement of a plurality of wind turbines in a wind farm comprising a plurality of wind turbines having blades rotating in response to wind.
A storage unit that stores wind direction information at a construction site of the wind farm;
A processor unit that executes processing;
The processor unit is
(A) Formulating a layout plan of a plurality of wind turbines at a construction site of the wind farm, a wind turbine as a target to control operation, and a control plan including control contents for the wind turbines;
(B) calculating the wind conditions at the positions of the wind turbines in the wind farm according to the arrangement plan and the control plan;
(C) calculating the total amount of power generation and the degree of damage in the wind farm based on the calculated wind conditions;
(D) By repeatedly executing (a) to (c), when the damage degree in the wind farm falls below a predetermined value, a layout plan and control plan that maximizes the total power generation amount are searched.
(E) An arrangement determining device which outputs the searched arrangement plan to a display device.
The processor unit is
In the above (a), at least one of the wind turbines constituting the wind farm is lower than the ridgeline on the downwind side of the main wind direction of the ridgeline, and the lowest reaching point of the blade is higher than the elevation of the ridgeline. The arrangement determination device according to claim 8, wherein an arrangement plan to be arranged to be arranged is formulated.
The processor unit is
In the above (a), the second wind power generation device is the first wind power generation device, and the second wind power generation device disposed on the downwind side of the main wind direction with respect to the first wind power generation device, The arrangement determination device according to claim 9, wherein an arrangement plan is created in which the arrangement proposal is arranged to be arranged so as to avoid the leeward direction of the first wind turbine for the range of wind direction where the appearance probability becomes a predetermined value or more.
The processor unit is
Accepting designation of installation requirements regarding at least one of the number of wind turbines installed in the wind farm or the installable area of the wind turbine within the wind farm
The processor unit is
The arrangement determination apparatus according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein, in (a), an arrangement plan adapted to the installation requirement is prepared.