WO2019004527A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de clé de bit binaire pour rapprochement d'informations d'une distribution de clé quantique variable continue - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de clé de bit binaire pour rapprochement d'informations d'une distribution de clé quantique variable continue Download PDF

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WO2019004527A1
WO2019004527A1 PCT/KR2017/013566 KR2017013566W WO2019004527A1 WO 2019004527 A1 WO2019004527 A1 WO 2019004527A1 KR 2017013566 W KR2017013566 W KR 2017013566W WO 2019004527 A1 WO2019004527 A1 WO 2019004527A1
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binary bit
bit key
key
error
side binary
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PCT/KR2017/013566
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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허준
신정환
임문수
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고려대학교 산학협력단
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
    • H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0015—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy
    • H04L1/0016—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the adaptation strategy involving special memory structures, e.g. look-up tables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/24—Testing correct operation
    • H04L1/245—Testing correct operation by using the properties of transmission codes
    • H04L1/246—Testing correct operation by using the properties of transmission codes two-level transmission codes, e.g. binary
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a binary bit key estimation method and apparatus for information reconciliation, which is a post-processing process of a continuous variable quantum key distribution.
  • the quantum communication is a communication method using the overlapping property of the two, and the existing communication method is a method of transmitting and receiving information by using difference of wavelength or amplitude mainly by using electromagnetic wave.
  • quantum communication is a method of quantum communication, And a communication method of transmitting and receiving information by using a phenomenon or the like.
  • the transmitting end (Alice) and the receiving end (Bob) distribute a cryptographic key to each other via a quantum channel, and a cryptographic key distributed to a transmitting end (Alice)
  • the cryptographic key distributed to the receiving node Bob may be referred to as a receiving node side quantum key, and this process is referred to as quantum key distribution (QKD).
  • CV-QKD continuous variable quantum key distribution
  • each of the transmitting end and the receiving end generates a binary bit key by quantizing its own quantum key to the same rule
  • the bit key may be referred to as a transmitting end side binary bit key
  • the binary bit key held by the receiving end may be referred to as a receiving end side binary bit key.
  • the transmission side binary bit key and the reception side binary bit key are different from each other.
  • the transmission side binary bit key and the reception side binary bit key The same process is required, which is called the Information Reconciliation process.
  • the Sliced Reconciliation method is a method in which a transmission side binary bit key and a reception side side binary bit key are arranged in parallel and then the bits of a binary bit key that the eavesdropper is likely to know are encoded, , And in this process, the eavesdropper discards bits that are likely to be found and shares the remaining key.
  • Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2015-0031245, entitled " Secure Communication " exists.
  • An object of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus for receiving a transmission signal generated based on a transmitting-end binary bit key from a transmitting terminal, And a transmitting side binary bit key based on the receiving side side binary bit key and the binary bit error based on at least one of the transmission side binary bit key and the reception side binary bit key, .
  • a method of estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution comprising: receiving a transmission signal generated based on a transmission side binary bit key, , The error calculation unit (12), the error calculation unit, and the reception side binary bit key, based on at least one of a transmission signal, a pre-stored reception side binary bit key and a predetermined parity check matrix Calculating a binary bit error and estimating the transmission side binary bit key based on the binary bit key estimator, the receiving side binary bit key and the binary bit error.
  • the transmission signal is a signal generated by performing an XOR operation on a transmitter-side binary bit key and a pre-selected codeword.
  • the step of calculating a binary bit error includes the steps of XORing a transmission signal and a pre-stored receiving-side binary bit key to generate a first calculation value, and adding a first calculation value to a predetermined parity- And generating a second calculated value, and determining a binary bit error corresponding to the second calculated value based on a pre-stored lookup table.
  • the step of estimating the transmission-side binary bit key includes a step of XORing the reception-side binary bit key and the binary bit error to estimate the transmission-side binary bit key.
  • an apparatus for estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution includes an information receiver for receiving a transmission signal generated based on a transmitter- A binary bit error indicating a difference between the transmitting-side binary bit key and the receiving-end binary bit key based on at least one of a transmitting signal, a pre-stored receiving-side binary bit key, and a predetermined parity check matrix And a binary bit key estimator for estimating a transmitter-side binary bit key based on the error calculator and the receiver-side binary bit key and the binary bit error.
  • the transmission signal is a signal generated by performing an XOR operation on a transmitter-side binary bit key and a pre-selected codeword.
  • the error calculation unit may generate a first calculation value by XORing a transmission signal and a pre-stored reception-side binary bit key, and perform a matrix multiplication of the first calculation value with a predetermined parity check matrix to generate a second calculation value , And determines a binary bit error corresponding to the second calculated value based on a lookup table stored in advance.
  • the binary bit key estimator XORs the receiving end side binary bit key and the binary bit error to estimate the transmitting side binary bit key.
  • a transmission signal generated based on a transmitting-end binary bit key is received from a transmitting end and at least one of a transmission signal, a pre-stored receiving-end-side binary bit key and a preset parity check matrix
  • a binary bit error indicating a difference between the transmitting-side binary bit key and the receiving-side binary bit key is calculated based on the received binary bit key and the receiving-side binary bit key, It is possible to simplify the error correction through the information reconciliation process.
  • FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a relation between a transmitter (Alice) and a receiver (Bob) to which a binary bit key estimating apparatus for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution is applied, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a binary bit key estimating apparatus for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a step of calculating a binary bit error in a binary bit key estimation method for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a method and apparatus for binary bit key estimation for information adjustment of continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a receiving terminal 20, Bob and a transmitting terminal 10 to which a binary bit key estimating apparatus 200 for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, Alice).
  • FIG. 1 is a view for explaining a relation between a transmitter (Alice) and a receiver (Bob) to which a binary bit key estimating apparatus for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution is applied, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a view for explaining a method and apparatus for binary bit key estimation for information adjustment of continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a continuous variable quantum key distribution includes a transmitting terminal 10, Alice for transmitting information and a receiving terminal 20, Bob for receiving information. These transmitting terminals 10, Alice And the receiving end 20, Bob distribute cryptographic keys shared for quantum communication via a continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD).
  • the apparatus for estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution may be implemented by any one of the transmitter 10 (Alice) or the receiver 20 (Bob) And estimates the binary bit key of the other party.
  • binary bit key estimating apparatus 200 for information adjustment of the continuous variable quantum key distribution according to the embodiment of the present invention is included in the transmitter 10 (Alice)
  • binary The bit-key estimating apparatus 200 can estimate the receiving-side binary bit key, which is the binary bit key held by the receiving terminal 20, Bob.
  • a binary The bit-key estimating apparatus 200 can estimate the transmitter-side binary bit key, which is a binary bit key held by the transmitter 10 (Alice).
  • the transmitter 10 and the receiver 20 and the receiver 20 can share the binary key, which is the same encryption key, and can perform quantum communication through the shared binary bit key.
  • a continuous variable quantum key distribution CV-QKD
  • a binary key key distribution method which is a step before a binary bit key estimation method and apparatus for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bit key generation method will be briefly described.
  • the transmitter 10 and the receiver 20 and Bob receive an initial quantization key (Raw Key, X) composed of consecutive variables through a known continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol Share.
  • Raw Key X
  • the continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol is performed through a quantum channel.
  • a continuous variable error (Quantum Error, E) occurs,
  • CV-QKD quantum key distribution
  • the transmitting end side initial quantum key X which is the initial quantum key held by the transmitting end 10
  • the receiving end side initial quantum key which is the initial quantum key held by the receiving end 20, X '
  • the transmitting end side initial quantum key X and the receiving end side initial quantum key X ' are each constituted by a continuous variable, it is difficult to be utilized as an encryption key for quantum communication, and the transmitting end 10, Alice and the receiving end 20 , And Bob respectively quantize their initial quantum keys (X, X ') in the same rule to generate a binary bit key that can be used as an encryption key for quantum communication.
  • the binary bit key held by the transmitting terminal 10 and Alice is defined as the transmitting terminal side binary bit key X A and the binary bit key held by the receiving terminal 20 and Bob is defined as the receiving terminal side binary bit X B , .
  • the binary bit keys held by the transmitting terminal 10, Alice and the receiving terminal 20, Bob must be the same, but only the continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) ,
  • the transmission side binary bit key (x A ) and the reception side binary bit key (x B ) differ from each other due to the characteristics of the quantum channel and the randomness of binary key determination.
  • x B denotes a receiving side binary bit key
  • x A denotes a transmitting side binary bit key
  • e 'de denotes a binary bit error.
  • the process of correcting the transmission side binary bit key (x A ) and the reception side binary bit key (x B ) to each other is referred to as information reconciliation, and a typical conventional information adjustment method is a slice deconvolution There is a way.
  • a binary bit key estimation method and apparatus for information coordination of continuous variable quantum key distribution includes a transmitter side binary bit key (X A ) and a receiver side binary key May mean a method and apparatus for adjusting the bit key X B to be equal to each other.
  • CV-QKD continuous variable quantum key distribution
  • FIG. 2 a binary bit key estimation apparatus 200 for information coordination of continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a binary bit key estimating apparatus for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a binary bit key estimating apparatus 200 for information adjustment of continuous variable quantum key distribution includes an information receiving unit 210, an error calculating unit 220, And an estimation unit 230.
  • the information receiving unit 210 receives the transmission signal S generated based on the transmitting terminal side binary bit key x A from the transmitting terminal 10 (Alice).
  • the transmitter-side binary bit key (x A ) may mean a cryptographic key generated by quantizing the transmitter initial-quantum key X as described above.
  • the transmission signal S is generated by the transmitter 10 (Alice) for information coordination, and is transmitted to the receiving terminal 10 including the binary bit key estimating apparatus 200 for information adjustment of the continuous variable quantum key distribution according to the embodiment of the present invention (20, Bob).
  • the error calculator 220 calculates the error value of the transmission side binary bit key (x) based on at least one of the transmission signal S, the preliminarily stored reception side binary bit key x B , and a predetermined parity check matrix c T a binary bit error e 'indicating the difference between the x A and the receiving-side binary bit key x B is calculated.
  • the receiving-side binary bit key x B may mean a cryptographic key generated by quantizing the initial quantum key X 'on the receiving end side, as described above.
  • the parity check matrix (c T ) is a matrix representing a parity check of a linear code, and each row is a matrix expressed by a coefficient of an equation indicating parity check.
  • the parity check matrix A more detailed description of the present invention will be omitted because it is well known in the art.
  • the binary bit key estimator 230 estimates the transmitter side binary bit key x A based on the receiving-side binary bit key x B and the binary bit error e '.
  • the transmission signal S is a signal generated by performing an XOR operation on the transmitter-side binary bit key (x A ) and a pre-selected arbitrary codeword (codeword, v).
  • the pre-selected arbitrary codeword v may mean an arbitrarily selected codeword among a plurality of codewords which perform a multiplication operation with the above parity check matrix (c T ) to make 0.
  • a pre-selected codeword v may mean one codeword selected arbitrarily from a plurality of codewords defined by a linear block code.
  • the error calculating section 220 the the transmission signal (S) and the pre-stored receiver side binary bit key (x B) by performing an XOR operation to produce a first calculated value, a predetermined parity check matrix, (c T) 1 operation value to generate a second operation value, and determines a binary bit error (e ') corresponding to the second operation value based on a pre-stored lookup table.
  • the binary bit key estimator 230 performs an XOR operation on the receiving-side binary bit key x B and the binary bit error e 'to estimate the transmitting-side binary bit key x A.
  • FIG. 3 a method of estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a method of estimating a binary bit key for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a binary bit key estimation method for information adjustment of continuous variable quantum key distribution includes receiving a transmission signal from a transmitting end (S310), calculating a binary bit error A step S320 and a step S330 of estimating a transmitter-side binary bit key.
  • Step S310 means a step in which the information receiving unit 210 receives the transmission signal S generated based on the transmitting terminal side binary bit key x A from the transmitting terminal 10 (Alice).
  • the transmission signal S may be a signal generated by XORing a transmitter-side binary bit key (x A ) and a pre-selected arbitrary codeword (Codeword, v).
  • the pre-selected arbitrary codeword v may mean an arbitrarily selected codeword among a plurality of codewords that perform a multiplication operation with the parity check matrix (c T ) described above to make 0 .
  • the information receiving unit 210 may receive the above-described transmission signal S through a classical channel.
  • each of the transmitting terminal 10, Alice and the receiving terminal 20 Bob combines a plurality of predetermined binary bit keys (x A , x B ) to match the length of a predetermined linear code
  • the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • step S310 the transmission signal S received by the information receiving unit 210 is expressed by the following equation (2).
  • S denotes a transmission signal
  • v denotes a pre-selected codeword
  • x A denotes a transmission-side binary bit key
  • the error calculation unit 220 calculates the error value based on at least one of the transmission signal S, the pre-stored reception side binary bit key x B , and a predetermined parity check matrix c T , And a binary bit error e 'indicating a difference between the binary bit key x A and the receiving side binary bit key x B.
  • step S320 will be described in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining a step of calculating a binary bit error in a binary bit key estimation method for information adjustment of a continuous variable quantum key distribution, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • step S320 includes steps S321, S323, and S325.
  • Step S321 may refer to a step in which the error calculation unit 220 performs an XOR operation on the transmission signal S and the pre-stored reception-side binary bit key x B to generate a first calculation value.
  • a first calculation value, S is the transmitted signal
  • x B is the receiver-side bit binary key
  • e ' is the binary bit error
  • x is the transmitting end
  • Equation (3) Can be derived.
  • the first calculation value ( ) Represents the result of the XOR operation between the binary bit error (e ') and the preselected arbitrary codeword (v) ). ≪ / RTI >
  • C T denotes a predetermined parity check matrix
  • e 'de denotes a binary bit error
  • v denotes a pre-selected codeword
  • the pre-selected arbitrary codeword v is a randomly selected codeword among a plurality of codewords for which 0 is multiplied by the parity check matrix c T , )and Are equivalent to each other.
  • the second calculated value ( )and are the same as those in the syndrome decoding method well known in the classical communication, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the second calculation value )silver The lookup table stored in advance in the error calculating unit 220 in step S325 is equal to the second calculated value ) And a binary bit error (e ') corresponding to each other and storing them.
  • the above-described lookup table includes a second calculation value ( ) Is A, the binary bit error (e ') can be stored in advance as a.
  • the second calculation value ( May refer to a syndrome defined in a syndrom decoding method which is a known decoding method in classical communication.
  • the pre-stored lookup table means a syndrome lookup table defined by the syndrome decoding method
  • a more specific method of determining the binary bit error (e ') by using the syndrome and the syndrome look-up table in the syndrome decoding method is the same as that described above, so that the description thereof is omitted.
  • step S330 will be described.
  • Step S330 may mean that the binary bit key estimator 230 estimates the transmitter side binary bit key x A based on the receiving side binary bit key x B and the binary bit error e ' have.
  • step S330 may include the step of estimating the receiver-side bit binary key (x B) and a binary bit error (e ') an XOR operation to the transmitting end side binary bit key (x A).
  • the transmitter side binary bit key (x A ) can be generated by XORing the reception side binary bit key (x B ) and the binary bit error (e ').
  • the receiving end 20 can estimate the transmitting end side binary bit key x A , so that the transmitting end 10, Alice and the receiving end 20, The binary bit key can be shared.
  • FIG. 5 a method and apparatus for binary bit key estimation for information coordination of continuous variable quantum key distribution in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the binary bit key estimating apparatus 200 for information adjustment of the continuous variable quantum key distribution may be included in the receiving terminal 20 (Bob) shown in FIG.
  • the transmitting terminal 10, Alice and the receiving terminal 20, Bob respectively hold the transmitting-end initial quantum key X and the receiving-end initial quantum key X 'through the continuous variable quantum key distribution,
  • Each of the transmitting end 10 and the receiving end 20 and the receiving end 20 quantizes the initial quantum keys X and X 'in the same rule to generate a binary bit key that can be used as an encryption key for quantum communication
  • the transmitting terminal 10 Alice holds the transmitting terminal side binary bit key x A
  • the receiving terminal 20, Bob holds the receiving terminal side binary bit key x B.
  • the transmitter 10 transmits a pre-selected random code, which is a randomly selected codeword among a plurality of codewords defined in the transmission side binary bit key (x A ) and a linear block code (V) to generate a transmission signal (S), and then transmits the transmission signal (S) to the receiving end (20, Bob) through the classical channel.
  • a pre-selected random code which is a randomly selected codeword among a plurality of codewords defined in the transmission side binary bit key (x A ) and a linear block code (V) to generate a transmission signal (S)
  • S transmission signal
  • the receiving end 20, Bob performs an XOR operation on the transmission signal S and the receiving end side binary bit key x B to calculate a first calculation value ( ), And generates a first calculation value ( )
  • a receiver (20, Bob) is the receiver-side binary bit key (x B) and a binary bit error (e 'binary bit error (e to XOR a) with each other And can estimate the transmission side binary bit key (x A ).

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'estimation d'une clé de bit binaire pour le rapprochement d'informations d'une distribution de clé quantique variable continue et un dispositif associé, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant : à permettre à une unité de réception d'informations de recevoir un signal d'émission généré sur la base d'une clé de bit binaire côté extrémité d'émission en provenance d'une extrémité d'émission ; à permettre à une unité de calcul d'erreur de calculer une erreur de bit binaire indiquant une différence entre la clé de bit binaire côté extrémité d'émission et une clé de bit binaire côté extrémité de réception sur la base du signal d'émission, d'une clé de bit binaire côté extrémité de réception pré-mémorisée, et/ou d'une matrice de contrôle de parité prédéfinie ; et à permettre à une unité d'estimation de clé de bit binaire d'estimer la clé de bit binaire côté extrémité d'émission sur la base de la clé de bit binaire côté extrémité de réception et de l'erreur de bit binaire.
PCT/KR2017/013566 2017-06-26 2017-11-24 Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de clé de bit binaire pour rapprochement d'informations d'une distribution de clé quantique variable continue WO2019004527A1 (fr)

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CN110086610A (zh) * 2019-04-24 2019-08-02 东南大学 一种基于初始密钥不一致率的生成密钥自适应调和方法
CN110086610B (zh) * 2019-04-24 2021-08-10 东南大学 一种基于初始密钥不一致率的生成密钥自适应调和方法
CN113302874A (zh) * 2019-05-16 2021-08-24 杜塞尔多夫华为技术有限公司 量子密钥分发系统中执行信息协调的设备及方法
CN113302874B (zh) * 2019-05-16 2024-01-02 杜塞尔多夫华为技术有限公司 量子密钥分发系统中执行信息协调的设备及方法

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