WO2019000838A1 - 永磁电机、压缩机和制冷系统 - Google Patents

永磁电机、压缩机和制冷系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019000838A1
WO2019000838A1 PCT/CN2017/113996 CN2017113996W WO2019000838A1 WO 2019000838 A1 WO2019000838 A1 WO 2019000838A1 CN 2017113996 W CN2017113996 W CN 2017113996W WO 2019000838 A1 WO2019000838 A1 WO 2019000838A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
magnet motor
joints
phase winding
phase
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/113996
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
乔正忠
毛临书
邱小华
虞阳波
Original Assignee
广东美芝制冷设备有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201710527690.XA external-priority patent/CN107171522B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201720796480.6U external-priority patent/CN207184295U/zh
Application filed by 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司 filed Critical 广东美芝制冷设备有限公司
Priority to JP2019570984A priority Critical patent/JP2020524477A/ja
Priority to EP17916058.5A priority patent/EP3648319A4/en
Publication of WO2019000838A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019000838A1/zh
Priority to US16/730,199 priority patent/US11177705B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
    • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
    • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
    • H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/077—Compressor control units, e.g. terminal boxes, mounted on the compressor casing wall containing for example starter, protection switches or connector contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2203/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the windings
    • H02K2203/06—Machines characterised by the wiring leads, i.e. conducting wires for connecting the winding terminations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems

Definitions

  • the invention provides a field of refrigeration technology, and in particular relates to a permanent magnet motor, a compressor and a refrigeration system.
  • the stator of a permanent magnet motor has always used a star-connected winding.
  • Conventional technology in some high power or low voltage applications, the winding conductor is thick, poor manufacturability and performance degradation.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a permanent magnet motor which is energy efficient.
  • the invention also proposes a compressor and refrigeration system.
  • a permanent magnet motor has a stator and a rotor, the stator having a stator core and a stator winding, the rotor having a rotor core and a permanent magnet disposed on the rotor core, the stator winding including A a phase winding, a B-phase winding, and a C-phase winding, the second set of joints of the A-phase winding being connected to the same lead-out line of the first set of joints of the B-phase winding, the second set of joints of the B-phase winding and the The first set of joints of the C-phase windings are connected to the same lead-out line, and the second set of joints of the C-phase windings are connected to the same lead-out line of the first set of joints of the A-phase windings, and the minimum inner circumference of the stator has a contour circle diameter D (m) a diameter d (m) of a contour circle of a maximum outer circumference of the rotor, a fundamental
  • the key parameter range design of the provided permanent magnet motor is different from the parameter range of the conventional compressor motor, and the compressor energy efficiency degradation caused by the application of the conventional parameter range to the triangular winding structure is improved, thereby Compressor permanent magnet motor has a good application prospect by adopting a triangular winding structure.
  • the permanent magnet motor according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the Udc satisfies: 250 ⁇ Udc ⁇ 540.
  • the Udc satisfies: Udc ⁇ 72.
  • each phase winding has one or two or more coil sets.
  • the second set of joints of the A-phase winding and the first set of joints of the B-phase winding At the same time, the currents have the same phase, the second set of joints of the B-phase windings and the first set of joints of the C-phase windings have the same phase at the same time, and the second set of joints of the C-phase windings The first set of joints of the A-phase winding have the same phase at the same time.
  • the invention also proposes a compressor comprising a permanent magnet motor according to the foregoing.
  • the invention also proposes a refrigeration system comprising: a compressor and a frequency converter.
  • the compressor is a compressor according to the foregoing; the frequency converter is connected to the compressor, and the frequency converter has an inverter.
  • the frequency converter further has a rectifier.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the projection of a permanent magnet motor to which a frequency converter is connected according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet motor of Figure 1 on a vertical plane of the shaft.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 are connection diagrams of different embodiments of the stator winding of the permanent magnet motor of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing an air gap magnetic density waveform of a permanent magnet motor to which the present invention is applied.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the fundamental wave and harmonic ratio of the air gap magnetic density of Fig. 5 after Fourier decomposition.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the energy efficiency of a compressor 100 equipped with a permanent magnet motor 1 of the prior art in which a permanent magnet motor of the present invention is mounted.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a compressor according to the present invention.
  • compressor 100 compressor 100, cylinder 2, main bearing 3, sub-bearing 4, piston 5, crankshaft 6, permanent magnet motor 1, stator 11, rotor 12, stator core 111, stator winding 112, rotor core 121, Permanent magnet 122, inverter 7, rectifier 8.
  • the present invention provides a permanent magnet motor 1 of a new construction.
  • a permanent magnet motor 1 of an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • a permanent magnet motor 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention has a stator 11 and a rotor 12,
  • the stator 11 has a stator core 111 and a stator winding 112
  • the rotor 12 has a rotor core 121 and a setting a permanent magnet 122 on the rotor core 121
  • the stator winding 112 including an A-phase winding, a B-phase winding, and a C-phase winding, a second set of joints of the A-phase winding and a first set of joints of the B-phase winding Connected to the same lead line, the second set of joints of the B-phase winding and the first set of joints of the C-phase winding are connected to the same lead line, the second set of joints of the C-phase winding and the first of the A-phase winding
  • the group connector is connected to the same lead wire.
  • the contour circle diameter D(m) of the minimum inner circumference of the stator 11 , the diameter d(m) of the contour circle of the maximum outer circumference of the rotor 12, and the fundamental wave of the air gap magnetic density at the average gap of the stator and rotor 12 The amplitude Bm1 (T), the axial length L (m) of the rotor 12, the total number of turns Ns of the windings of each phase winding, and the bus DC voltage Udc (V) before the inverter of the inverter supplying power to the permanent magnet motor 1 ) is set to: 0.003Udc ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 0.008 Udc, wherein D, d, Bml, L, Udc are values without units. Further, the fundamental wave amplitude Bm1 of the air gap magnetic density at the average gap of the fixed rotor 12 is preferably a detection value at 25 °C.
  • the permanent magnet motor 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention provides a key parameter range design of the permanent magnet motor 1 that is different from the parameter range of the conventional compressor 100 motor, and improves the energy efficiency of the compressor 100 caused by the conventional parameter range applied to the triangular winding structure.
  • the lowering, so that the permanent magnet motor 1 of the compressor 100 adopts a triangular winding structure has a good application prospect.
  • the permanent magnet motor 1 may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the permanent magnet motor 1 of the present invention can be powered by direct current or AC power.
  • the Udc satisfies: 250 ⁇ Udc ⁇ 540 when powered by alternating current. Further, 1.2 ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 4.0.
  • the Udc When DC power is supplied, the Udc satisfies: Udc ⁇ 72. Further, 0.03 ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 0.5.
  • the permanent magnet motor 1 of the present invention does not have much requirements on the type of power supply.
  • the DC power supply of ⁇ Ns ⁇ 4.0" may be supplied by an alternating current that satisfies "Udc ⁇ 72" and "0.03 ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 0.5".
  • each phase winding has one or two or more coil sets. Thereby, the energy consumption can be further improved.
  • the second set of joints of the A-phase winding and the first set of joints of the B-phase winding have the same phase at the same time
  • the second set of joints of the B-phase winding The first set of joints of the C-phase winding have the same phase at the same time
  • the second set of joints of the C-phase winding and the first set of joints of the A-phase winding have the same phase at the same time.
  • the invention also proposes a compressor 100 comprising a permanent magnet motor 1 according to the foregoing.
  • the compressor 100 of the embodiment of the present invention since the foregoing permanent magnet motor 1 is employed, the energy efficiency of the compressor 100 is improved, which has a good application prospect.
  • the invention also proposes a refrigeration system comprising: a compressor 100 and a frequency converter.
  • the compression The machine 100 is a compressor 100 according to the foregoing; the frequency converter is connected to the compressor 100, and the frequency converter has an inverter 7.
  • the frequency converter further has a rectifier 8.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic axial projection view of a permanent magnet motor 1 of a first embodiment of the present invention to which a frequency converter is connected.
  • the compressor 100 uses a three-phase permanent magnet motor 1 having a stator 11 and a rotor 12.
  • the stator 11 has a stator core 111 and a stator winding 112.
  • the rotor 12 has a rotor core 121 and a permanent magnet 122 disposed on the rotor core 121.
  • the second set of joints of the A-phase winding of the stator winding 112 are connected to the same lead-out line as the first set of joints of the B-phase winding, and the two sets of joints have the same phase at the same time; the B-phase of the stator winding 112
  • the second set of joints of the windings are connected to the same lead line of the first set of joints of the C-phase winding, and the two sets of joints have the same phase at the same time;
  • the first set of joints of the phase windings are connected to the same lead line, and the two sets of joints have the same phase at the same time.
  • Udc(v) is set to: 0.003Udc ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 0.008 Udc.
  • D, d, Bml, L, and Udc are all values without units.
  • the inverter connected to the permanent magnet motor 1 includes at least one inverter 7.
  • the front end of the inverter 7 is direct current, and the DC bus voltage is Udc, which is inverted by the inverter 7 and converted into alternating current of a controllable frequency.
  • the power supply is DC power
  • the DC power supply is directly connected to the inverter 7 to realize the DC ⁇ AC process;
  • the power supply is AC, a rectifier 8 is needed, and the AC power is connected to the input side of the rectifier 8, and the output of the rectifier 8
  • the side is connected to the input side of the inverter 7, and the process of AC ⁇ DC ⁇ AC is realized.
  • the present invention is distinguished from the conventional art by setting a preferred range of key parameters of the permanent magnet motor 1 while applying a triangular winding structure to achieve excellent manufacturability of the stator 11 while satisfying the efficiency of the compressor 100.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the permanent magnet motor 1 of Figure 1 on a vertical plane of the shaft.
  • the permanent magnet motor 1 has a 9-slot 6-pole structure.
  • Each phase winding has three sets of coils, each set of coils wound on one stator 11 tooth.
  • Each phase winding has one incoming wire joint and one outgoing wire joint, and different sets of coils of the same phase winding are connected by a transition line.
  • One of the connection methods between the winding joint and the lead wire is as follows: A phase outlet connector + B phase inlet connector ⁇ lead wire 1; B phase outlet connector + C phase incoming wire connector ⁇ lead wire 2; C phase outlet connector + A phase incoming wire connector ⁇ lead wire three. It should be noted that there are many specific ways for the winding connection mentioned in the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing the winding connection of the permanent magnet motor 1 of Fig. 2.
  • a series connection is adopted between the same phase windings.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the winding connection of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the parallel connection is adopted between the same phase windings, and the number of parallel branches is three.
  • the number of turns of each set of coils of the same phase is close, preferably equal.
  • Fig. 5 is a view showing an air gap magnetic density waveform of the permanent magnet motor 1 to which the present invention is applied.
  • the air gap magnetic flux of the permanent magnet motor 1 is extracted at the intermediate position of the fixed rotor 12 gap, that is, the circumference of (D+d)/2 in FIG. 2, and the air gap magnetic density waveform of one electric cycle is as shown in FIG. .
  • the waveform of the air gap magnetic density is not an ideal sine wave, and the waveform has harmonics in addition to the fundamental wave.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing the fundamental wave and harmonic ratio of the air gap magnetic density of Fig. 5 after Fourier decomposition.
  • Figure 6 only lists the fundamental and the first 9th harmonics except the fundamental.
  • the air gap magnetic density is the core indicator for the performance and noise of the permanent magnet motor 1.
  • the fundamental wave of the air gap magnetic density plays a major role in driving the rotating force of the rotor 12, and therefore, the design of the air gap magnetic dense fundamental wave is particularly important.
  • Fig. 7 is a view showing the energy efficiency of a compressor 100 in which a permanent magnet motor 1 of the present invention is mounted and a permanent magnet motor 1 of the prior art is mounted.
  • the energy efficiency of the compressor 100 is increasing; at high speed, with (D+d) ⁇
  • the increase of L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns shows a downward trend, and even when (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns is higher than a certain critical point, the compressor 100 cannot operate at a high speed.
  • the high-speed energy efficiency of the machine 100 is maintained at a high level, while taking into account the low-speed energy efficiency, a large value can be selected before the inflection point to ensure excellent performance of the full frequency band of the compressor 100;
  • the magneto motor 1 is set, if the relevant parameters are set within the traditionally superior range, the compressor 100 at low speed has low energy efficiency, and the setting 1.2 ⁇ (D + d) ⁇ L ⁇ Bm1 ⁇ Ns ⁇ 4.0 (unit: Wb)
  • the compressor 100 has excellent performance in all frequency bands.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a compressor 100 in accordance with the present invention.
  • the compressor 100 of the present invention further includes compression members such as a cylinder 2, a main bearing 3, a sub-bearing 4, a piston 5, and a crankshaft 6.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” and “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of “plurality” is at least two, for example two , three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “under” the second feature may be a direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features may be indirectly through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种永磁电机、压缩机和制冷系统，永磁电机(1)中，定子(11)最小内周的轮廓圆直径D(m)、转子(12)最大外周的轮廓圆的直径d(m)、定转子平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值Bm1(T)、转子(12)的轴向长度L(m)、每相绕组的串联总匝数Ns和向永磁电机供电的变频器的逆变前的母线直流电压Udc(V)设置为：0.003Udc≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.008Udc，其中，D、d、Bml、L、Udc均为不带单位的值。

Description

永磁电机、压缩机和制冷系统 技术领域
本发明设计制冷技术领域，特别涉及一种永磁电机、压缩机和制冷系统。
背景技术
相关技术中压缩机领域，永磁电机的定子一直采用星形连接的绕组。传统技术，在一些高功率或低电压的场合，绕组导体粗，制造性差且性能会下降。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种永磁电机，能效高。
本发明还提出了一种压缩机和制冷系统。
根据本发明实施例的永磁电机，具有定子与转子，所述定子具有定子铁芯与定子绕组，所述转子具有转子铁芯和设置在转子铁芯上的永磁体，所述定子绕组包括A相绕组、B相绕组和C相绕组，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述定子最小内周的轮廓圆直径D(m)、所述转子最大外周的轮廓圆的直径d(m)、所述定转子平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值Bm1(T)、所述转子的轴向长度L(m)、每相绕组的串联总匝数Ns和向永磁电机供电的变频器的逆变前的母线直流电压Udc(V)设置为：0.003Udc≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.008Udc，其中，D、d、Bml、L、Udc均为不带单位的值。
根据本发明实施例的永磁电机，提供的永磁电机的关键参数范围设计区别于传统压缩机电机的参数范围，改善了传统参数范围应用于三角形绕组结构时造成的压缩机能效下降，从而使得压缩机永磁电机采用三角形绕组结构具有良好的应用前景。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的永磁电机，还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述Udc满足：250≤Udc≤540。
进一步地，1.2≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤4.0。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述Udc满足：Udc≤72。
进一步地，0.03≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.5。
在本发明的一个实施例中，每相绕组具有一个或2个及以上线圈组。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头 在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位。
本发明还提出了一种压缩机，包括根据前述的永磁电机。
本发明还提出了一种制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括：压缩机和变频器。所述压缩机为根据前述的压缩机；所述变频器与所述压缩机相连，所述变频器具有逆变器。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述变频器还具有整流器。
附图说明
图1是本发明连接有变频器的永磁电机投影示意图。
图2是图1中的永磁电机在轴垂直面上的剖视图。
图3和图4是图2的永磁电机定子绕组不同实施例的连接示意图。
图5是应用本发明的永磁电机的气隙磁密波形图。
图6是图5的气隙磁密经傅里叶分解后的基波与谐波占比图。
图7是搭载本发明的永磁电机对比搭载现有技术的永磁电机1的压缩机100能效示意图。
图8是本发明涉及的压缩机示意图。
附图标记：压缩机100，气缸2，主轴承3，副轴承4，活塞5，曲轴6，永磁电机1，定子11，转子12，定子铁芯111，定子绕组112，转子铁芯121，永磁体122，逆变器7，整流器8。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
压缩机100中，如果永磁电机1采用三角形连接，可在一定程度上改善制造性。而三角形绕组若按传统的范围设置磁性能、尺寸及绕组等参数，会造成电机性能低下、压缩机100能效低下等问题。为此，本发明提供了一种新结构的永磁电机1。
下面参照附图描述本发明实施例的永磁电机1。
根据本发明实施例的永磁电机1，具有定子11与转子12，
所述定子11具有定子铁芯111与定子绕组112，所述转子12具有转子铁芯121和设置 在转子铁芯121上的永磁体122，所述定子绕组112包括A相绕组、B相绕组和C相绕组，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线。
其中，所述定子11最小内周的轮廓圆直径D(m)、所述转子12最大外周的轮廓圆的直径d(m)、所述定转子12平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值Bm1(T)、所述转子12的轴向长度L(m)、每相绕组的串联总匝数Ns和向永磁电机1供电的变频器的逆变前的母线直流电压Udc(V)设置为：0.003Udc≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.008Udc，其中，D、d、Bml、L、Udc均为不带单位的值。另外，定转子12平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值Bm1优选地为25℃下的检测值。
根据本发明实施例的永磁电机1，提供的永磁电机1的关键参数范围设计区别于传统压缩机100电机的参数范围，改善了传统参数范围应用于三角形绕组结构时造成的压缩机100能效下降，从而使得压缩机100永磁电机1采用三角形绕组结构具有良好的应用前景。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的永磁电机1，还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
本发明的永磁电机1可采用直流电供电，也可以采用交流供电，为了进一步的提高能效，在采用交流电供电时，所述Udc满足：250≤Udc≤540。进一步地，1.2≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤4.0。
在采用直流电供电时，所述Udc满足：Udc≤72。进一步地，0.03≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.5。
当然，事实上，本发明中的永磁电机1对电源类型并没有太大的要求，例如，也可以采用满足上述“250≤Udc≤540”和“1.2≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤4.0”的直流电供电，也可以采用满足“Udc≤72”和“0.03≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.5”的交流电供电。
在本发明的一个实施例中，每相绕组具有一个或2个及以上线圈组。从而可以进一步地提高能耗。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位。
本发明还提出了一种压缩机100，包括根据前述的永磁电机1。
根据本发明实施例的压缩机100，由于采用了前述的永磁电机1，提高了压缩机100的能效，具有很好的应用前景。
本发明还提出了一种制冷系统，所述制冷系统包括：压缩机100和变频器。所述压缩 机100为根据前述的压缩机100；所述变频器与所述压缩机100相连，所述变频器具有逆变器7。
在本发明的一个实施例中，所述变频器还具有整流器8。
图1是连接有变频器的本发明第一实施例的永磁电机1轴向投影示意图。压缩机100用三相永磁电机1，具有定子11与转子12。所述定子11具有定子铁芯111与定子绕组112。转子12具有转子铁芯121和设置在转子铁芯121上的永磁体122。所述定子绕组112的A相绕组的第二组接头与B相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，并且这两组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位；所述定子绕组112的B相绕组的第二组接头与C相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，并且这两组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位；所述定子绕组112的C相绕组的第二组接头与A相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，并且这两组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位。
所述定子11最小内周的轮廓圆的直径D(m)、所述转子12最大外周的轮廓圆的直径d(m)、所述定转子12平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值(25℃)Bm1(T)、所述转子12的轴向长度L(m)、每相绕组的串联总匝数Ns和向永磁电机1供电的变频器的逆变前的母线直流电压Udc(v)设置为：0.003Udc≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.008Udc。其中D、d、Bml、L、Udc均为不带单位的数值。
与永磁电机1连接的变频器，至少包含一个逆变器7，逆变器7的前端是直流电，直流母线电压是Udc，经过逆变器7逆变，转换成可控频率的交流电。当供电电源是直流电时，直流电源直接连接到逆变器7，实现直流→交流的过程；当供电电源是交流电时，还需要一个整流器8，交流电源连接整流器8的输入侧，整流器8的输出侧连接逆变器7的输入侧，实现交流→直流→交流的过程。
在压缩机100领域，本发明区别于传统技术，设置永磁电机1的关键参数的优选范围，同时应用三角形绕组结构，实现定子11的优良制造性，同时满足压缩机100的高效性。
图2是图1中的永磁电机1在轴垂直面上的剖视图。第一实施例中，永磁电机1为9槽6极结构。每相绕组有3组线圈，每组线圈绕制在一个定子11齿上。每相绕组具有1个进线接头和一个出线接头，同一相绕组的不同组线圈之间通过过渡线连接。绕组接头与引出线之间的其中一种连接方式举例：A相出线接头+B相进线接头→引出线一；B相出线接头+C相进线接头→引出线二；C相出线接头+A相进线接头→引出线三。需要说明的是，本发明提及的绕组连接，有多种具体方式。
图3是图2的永磁电机1的绕组连接示意图。第一实施例中，同一相绕组之间采用串联方式。一相绕组的三组线圈的匝数分别为N1、N2、N3，则该相绕组的串联总匝数为Ns＝N1+N2+N3。
图4是本发明的第二实施例的绕组连接示意图。第二实施例中，同一相绕组之间采用并联方式，并联支路数是3。一般而言，为了保证电机的平衡性，并联方式下，设置同一相的各组线圈匝数接近，优选相等。并联的三组线圈的匝数均为N1，则该绕组的串联总匝数为Ns＝N1。
图5是应用本发明的永磁电机1的气隙磁密波形图。在定转子12间隙中间位置，即图2中的(D+d)/2的圆周上，提取永磁电机1的气隙磁密，其中一个电周期的气隙磁密波形如图5所示。内嵌式转子12结构、定转子12齿槽效应等因素的影响下，气隙磁密的波形不是理想的正弦波，波形中除了基波以外，还具有谐波。
图6是图5的气隙磁密经傅里叶分解后的基波与谐波占比图。图6仅列举了基波和除基波外的前9次谐波。气隙磁密，是反应永磁电机1性能和噪音的核心指标。能量转化时，气隙磁密的基波对驱动转子12旋转出力起主要作用，因此，气隙磁密基波的设计尤其重要。
图7是搭载本发明的永磁电机1对比搭载现有技术的永磁电机1的压缩机100能效示意图。一般而言，压缩机100在低速下，随着综合参数(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns的升高，压缩机100能效呈上升趋势；在高速下，随着(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns的升高呈下降趋势，甚至当(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns高于某个临界点时，压缩机100在高速下无法运转。以某母线电压Udc＝310V的压缩机100为例，搭载传统星形绕组的永磁电机1时，在(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤1.0(单位：Wb)的范围内，压缩机100的高速能效保持在一个较高的水平，同时兼顾低速能效，可以在拐点之前选择一个较大的值，保证压缩机100的全频段均有优良的性能；搭载本发明的绕组结构的永磁电机1时，若设置相关参数在传统较优的范围内，则低速下的压缩机100能效很低，而设置1.2≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤4.0(单位：Wb)，压缩机100全频段均具有优良的性能。
图8是本发明涉及的压缩机100示意图。除上述永磁电机1以外，本发明的压缩机100还包括：气缸2、主轴承3、副轴承4、活塞5以及曲轴6等压缩部件。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”“内”、“外”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”、“轴向”、“径向”、“周向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两 个，三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种永磁电机，具有定子与转子，所述定子具有定子铁芯与定子绕组，所述转子具有转子铁芯和设置在转子铁芯上的永磁体，其特征在于：所述定子绕组包括A相绕组、B相绕组和C相绕组，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头接同一根引出线，
    所述定子最小内周的轮廓圆直径D(m)、所述转子最大外周的轮廓圆的直径d(m)、所述定转子平均间隙处的气隙磁密的基波幅值Bm1(T)、所述转子的轴向长度L(m)、每相绕组的串联总匝数Ns和向永磁电机供电的变频器的逆变前的母线直流电压Udc(V)设置为：0.003Udc≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.008Udc，其中，D、d、Bml、L、Udc均为不带单位的值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的永磁电机，其特征在于：所述Udc满足：250≤Udc≤540。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的永磁电机，其特征在于：1.2≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤4.0。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的永磁电机，其特征在于：所述Udc满足：Udc≤72。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的永磁电机，其特征在于：0.03≤(D+d)×L×Bm1×Ns≤0.5。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的永磁电机，其特征在于：每相绕组具有一个或2个及以上线圈组。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6中任一项所述的永磁电机，其特征在于，所述A相绕组的第二组接头与所述B相绕组的第一组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述B相绕组的第二组接头与所述C相绕组的第一组接头同一时刻电流具有相同的相位，所述C相绕组的第二组接头与所述A相绕组的第一组接头在同一时刻电流具有相同的相位。
  8. 一种压缩机，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的永磁电机。
  9. 一种制冷系统，其特征在于,所述制冷系统包括：
    压缩机，所述压缩机为根据权利要求8所述的压缩机；
    变频器，所述变频器与所述压缩机相连，所述变频器具有逆变器。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的制冷系统，其特征在于，所述变频器还具有整流器。
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