WO2018233329A1 - 一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法 - Google Patents

一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法 Download PDF

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WO2018233329A1
WO2018233329A1 PCT/CN2018/079577 CN2018079577W WO2018233329A1 WO 2018233329 A1 WO2018233329 A1 WO 2018233329A1 CN 2018079577 W CN2018079577 W CN 2018079577W WO 2018233329 A1 WO2018233329 A1 WO 2018233329A1
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hole
grouting
mining
small
aperture
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French (fr)
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鞠金峰
王晓振
许家林
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
    • E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
    • E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
    • E21B33/138—Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

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  • the invention relates to a geological detection method, in particular to a drilling grouting detection method suitable for the distribution characteristics of mining overlying strata in the field of coal mining technology.
  • Underground mining of coal will cause the overburden to break and fall, thus forming a fall zone, a water-conducting (gas) fracture zone and a curved sinking zone in the overburden, that is, the "three belts" of mining overburden.
  • a fall zone a water-conducting (gas) fracture zone
  • a curved sinking zone in the overburden, that is, the "three belts" of mining overburden.
  • ground drilling is generally used to detect the distribution and development characteristics of the overlying strata in the mining overburden, mainly based on the location of the drilled hole during the drilling process. That is, if there is a significant drop in the drilling process, the position is most likely to be the position of the separation layer, and the corresponding amount of the drop is the amount of separation of the upper and lower rock layers at that position.
  • this method mainly relies on experience to judge whether the position of the drilled hole is not directly visible from the layered area, and there is a large error in the judgment of the layering amount.
  • theoretical discrimination can be performed using the columnar column.
  • the limit span of the upper and lower strata is calculated by combining the thickness and mechanical strength of each stratum; the developmental position of the stratigraphic zone is determined by comparing the limit span of the upper and lower strata.
  • this method also has the disadvantages of large theoretical calculation error and the inability to discriminate the amount of separation. Therefore, it is necessary to form an intuitive, reliable, scientific and accurate detection method based on the existing methods for detecting and calculating the distribution characteristics of overlying strata.
  • the present invention provides a distribution method of the overlying strata of the mining overburden which is simple in method, convenient in construction, scientific in science, and effective in solving the distribution position and development characteristics of the overlying strata in the overlying strata. Drilling grouting detection method.
  • a. along the mining area tend to be near the mining boundary on both sides, and tend to construct a small-aperture grouting hole in the middle.
  • the diameter of the hole is 40-60mm, and the final hole position is 20 ⁇ 30m above the top interface of the water-conducting fracture zone.
  • the center of the borehole of the small-diameter grouting is taken as the center of the circle, and the drill with large diameter is used to construct the large-diameter core drilling hole, the diameter of the hole is 110-120mm, and the final hole position is up to the small-diameter grouting drill. 5m below the bottom of the hole.
  • the small-bore grouting bore in the step a has a diameter of 50 mm.
  • the small-bore grouting borehole near the mining boundary on both sides in the step a is located within the mining range and is horizontally 15-25 m away from the mining boundary.
  • the position of the top interface of the water-conducting fracture zone is determined according to the results of hydrogeological exploration.
  • the small-aperture grouting hole in the step a is horizontally 20m away from the mining boundary.
  • the large-diameter drill bit is used to construct the hole diameter of the large-diameter core drilling hole 113mm
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the method utilizes small-aperture drilling to inject cement slurry into the mining overburden layer, combined with the construction and columnar preparation of the core drilling, according to the consolidation position and size of the cement slurry in the formation.
  • small-aperture drilling to inject cement slurry into the mining overburden layer, combined with the construction and columnar preparation of the core drilling, according to the consolidation position and size of the cement slurry in the formation.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a probe drilling arrangement for the distribution characteristics of the overlying strata of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the construction of a large and small aperture detecting borehole according to the present invention
  • FIG 3 is a cross-sectional view of a cement core containing cement which is drilled in a large-aperture borehole of the present invention.
  • 1 means small bore grouting borehole
  • 2 means large bore core drilling
  • 3 means separation zone
  • 4 means consolidated cement
  • 5 means core
  • L1 means slurry diffusion radius
  • L2 means water conduction fracture zone
  • L3 is the amount of separation.
  • the small pores and the large pores of the present invention are relative concepts.
  • the large pores of the present invention refer to pores having a larger pore diameter than the small pores, and the small pores refer to pores having a smaller pore diameter than the large pores.
  • a method for detecting a borehole grouting method for utilizing the distribution characteristics of the overlying strata of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the small-bore grouting borehole 1 near the mining boundary on both sides is located within the mining range and is 20m away from the mining boundary; the position of the L2 top interface of the water-conducting fissure zone is determined according to the hydrogeological exploration results.
  • the core core drilled by the large-aperture core drilling is column-shaped, and the position of the overburden layer and the amount of the separation layer can be visually judged according to the distribution position of the cemented cement 4 displayed on the column.
  • the first small hole grouting borehole has a diameter of 50 mm.
  • a full-hole grouting and sealing hole is applied to fill the overlying strata area near the borehole;
  • the large-aperture core drilling hole has a diameter of 113 mm.
  • the method of the invention utilizes small-bore grouting drilling 1 to inject cement slurry into the mining overburden layer, and combines the construction and columnar preparation of the large-aperture core drilling 2, according to the consolidation position of the cement slurry in the formation. And size, visually distinguish the distribution characteristics of mining overlying strata, which belongs to the method of in-situ drilling.
  • the construction is simple, the discriminating method is scientific and accurate, and the practicability is strong.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法。沿开采区域倾向分别在两侧开采边界附近、倾向中部施工小孔径注浆钻孔(1)，对小孔径注浆钻孔(1)灌注水泥浆，进行全孔封闭，使得钻孔附近的覆岩离层区(3)被水泥浆充填；待封孔水泥浆彻底凝固后，以小孔径注浆钻孔(1)圆心为圆心，改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔(2)，对大孔径取芯钻孔(2)钻取的岩芯(5)进行柱状编制，根据柱状上显示的固结水泥分布位置即可直观判断覆岩离层区(3)位置及其离层量。该方法利用小孔径钻孔对采动覆岩离层区灌注水泥浆，并结合取芯钻孔的施工和柱状编制，能根据水泥浆在地层中的固结位置和大小，直观辨别采动覆岩离层分布特征，其施工简单、判别方法科学准确，实用性强。

Description

一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种地质探测方法，尤其是一种适用于煤炭开采技术领域中的采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法。
背景技术
煤炭地下开采会引起上覆岩层的破断、垮落，从而在覆岩中形成垮落带、导水(气)裂隙带和弯曲下沉带，即采动覆岩的“三带”。对于弯曲下沉带中的岩层，由于上下岩层的断裂运动不协调、各自下沉量存在差异，因而常易在该区域发育有层与层之间的横向裂隙，即离层区。现场大量工程实践表明，采动覆岩离层区一方面可为注浆充填减沉的绿色开采技术提供良好的充填空间，从而有效减缓煤炭开采对地表的破坏程度；另一方面，在地层赋存有富水含水层的条件下，又易造成离层区积水引发的采场压架突水事故，危及煤炭生产安全。因此，准确探测和识别采动覆岩离层区的分布位置及其发育特征，对于煤矿现场实施离层区注浆充填减沉、压架突水事故防治等具有重要意义。
目前，一般采用地面钻孔来探测采动覆岩离层区的分布和发育特征，主要根据钻孔施工过程中的掉钻位置来判断。即，若在钻孔施工过程中出现明显的掉钻现象，则该位置极有可能为离层位置，相应掉钻量即为该位置上下岩层的离层量。但该方法主要依靠经验判断，掉钻位置究竟是不是离层区并不能直观看出，且离层量的判断存在较大误差。除此之外，还可利用地层柱状进行理论判别。即，根据地质勘查揭露的地层分布情况，结合各岩层的厚度、力学强度等参数计算上下岩层的极限跨度；通过对比上下岩层的极限跨度差异来判别离层区发育位置。然而，该方法也存在着理论计算误差大、无法判别离层量大小等缺点。因此，有必要在已有的采动覆岩离层分布特征探测和计算方法的基础上，形成一种直观可靠、科学准确的探测方法。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种方法简单、施工方便、直观科学、有效解决采动覆岩离层区分布位置和发育特征的采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，包括以下步骤：
a.沿开采区域倾向分别在两侧开采边界附近、倾向中部施工小孔径注浆钻孔，成孔直径40～60mm，终孔位置直至导水裂隙带顶界面以上20～30m。
b.对小孔径注浆钻孔灌注水泥浆，进行全孔封闭，使得钻孔附近的覆岩离层区被水泥浆充填。待封孔水泥浆彻底凝固后，以小孔径注浆钻孔圆心为圆心，改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔，成孔直径110～120mm，终孔位置直至小孔径注浆钻孔底界面以下5m。
c.对大孔径取芯钻孔钻取的岩芯进行柱状编制，根据柱状上显示的固结水泥分布位置即可直观判断覆岩离层区位置及其离层量。
优选的：所述步骤a中的小孔径注浆钻孔的成孔直径为50mm。
优选的：所述步骤a中两侧开采边界附近的小孔径注浆钻孔位于开采范围内，并距开采边界水平距离15-25m。导水裂隙带顶界面位置根据水文地质勘探结果而定。
优选的：所述步骤a中小孔径注浆钻孔距开采边界水平距离20m。
优选的：所述步骤b中改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔的成孔直径113mm
本发明相比现有技术，具有以下有益效果：
(1)通过对采动覆岩离层区直接灌注水泥浆的方式来辨识离层位置，属于钻孔原位探测方法，其实施方法简单，实用性强；
(2)基于灌注水泥浆后的地层取芯柱状描述，能直观而准确地判断覆岩离层区的分布位置及其离层量大小，判别方法科学可靠。
综上所述：本方法利用小孔径钻孔对采动覆岩离层区灌注水泥浆，并结合取芯钻孔的施工和柱状编制，能根据水泥浆在地层中的固结位置和大小，直观辨别采动覆岩离层分布特征，其施工简单、判别方法科学准确，实用性强。
附图说明
图1是本发明采动覆岩离层分布特征的探测钻孔布置剖面图；
图2是本发明大、小孔径探测钻孔施工平面图；
图3是本发明大孔径钻孔钻取的含固结水泥的岩芯剖面图。
其中，1表示小孔径注浆钻孔，2表示大孔径取芯钻孔，3表示离层区，4表示固结水泥，5表示岩芯，L1表示浆液扩散半径，L2表示导水裂隙带，L3为离层量。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例，进一步阐明本发明，应理解这些实例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围，在阅读了本发明之后，本领域技术人员对本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定的范围。需要说明的是，本发明的小孔和大孔是相对的概念，本发明的大孔是指比小孔孔径大的孔，小孔是指比大孔孔径小的孔。
如图1所示，本发明的一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，包括以下步骤：
a.沿开采区域倾向分别在两侧开采边界附近、倾向中部施工小孔径注浆钻孔1，终孔位 置直至导水裂隙带L2顶界面以上20～30m。
所述两侧开采边界附近的小孔径注浆钻孔1位于开采范围内，并距开采边界水平距离20m；导水裂隙带L2顶界面位置根据水文地质勘探结果而定。
b.对小孔径注浆钻孔1灌注水泥浆，进行全孔封闭，使得钻孔附近的覆岩离层区3被水泥浆充填；待封孔水泥浆彻底凝固后，以小孔径注浆钻孔1圆心为圆心，改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔2，终孔位置直至小孔径注浆钻孔1底界面以下5m。
c.对大孔径取芯钻孔钻取的岩芯进行柱状编制，根据柱状上显示的固结水泥4分布位置即可直观判断覆岩离层区位置及其离层量。
如图2所示，首先实施的小孔径注浆钻孔1成孔直径为50mm，施工完毕后对其实施全孔注浆封孔，以充填钻孔附近覆岩离层区；与其同圆心的后施工的大孔径取芯钻孔2成孔直径为113mm。
如图3所示，根据大孔径取芯钻孔2钻取的岩芯即可直观判断覆岩离层区位置及其离层量。
本发明本方法利用小孔径注浆钻孔1对采动覆岩离层区灌注水泥浆，并结合大孔径取芯钻孔2的施工和柱状编制，能根据水泥浆在地层中的固结位置和大小，直观辨别采动覆岩离层分布特征，属于钻孔原位探测方法，其施工简单、判别方法科学准确，实用性强。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    a.沿开采区域倾向分别在两侧开采边界附近、倾向中部施工小孔径注浆钻孔，成孔直径40～60mm，终孔位置直至导水裂隙带顶界面以上20～30m；
    b.对小孔径注浆钻孔灌注水泥浆，进行全孔封闭，使得钻孔附近的覆岩离层区被水泥浆充填；待封孔水泥浆彻底凝固后，以小孔径注浆钻孔圆心为圆心，改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔，成孔直径110～120mm，终孔位置直至小孔径注浆钻孔底界面以下5m；
    c.对大孔径取芯钻孔钻取的岩芯进行柱状编制，根据柱状上显示的固结水泥分布位置即可直观判断覆岩离层区位置及其离层量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤a中的小孔径注浆钻孔的成孔直径为50mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤a中两侧开采边界附近的小孔径注浆钻孔位于开采范围内，并距开采边界水平距离15-25m；导水裂隙带顶界面位置根据水文地质勘探结果而定。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤a中小孔径注浆钻孔距开采边界水平距离20m。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法，其特征在于：所述步骤b中改用大口径的钻头施工大孔径取芯钻孔的成孔直径113mm。
PCT/CN2018/079577 2017-06-22 2018-03-20 一种采动覆岩离层分布特征的钻孔注浆探测方法 Ceased WO2018233329A1 (zh)

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CN115711105A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-02-24 山西霍尔辛赫煤业有限责任公司 一种覆岩离层注浆溢流处理方法
CN117332480A (zh) * 2023-10-08 2024-01-02 中煤科工生态环境科技有限公司 一种覆岩离层注浆目标层位安全距离确定方法
US12091972B1 (en) * 2023-05-11 2024-09-17 China University Of Mining And Technology, Beijing Method and device for determining development status of separation layer of coal mine
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