WO2018232685A1 - Techniques et appareils pour synchroniser la transmission de communications à partir de multiples applications - Google Patents

Techniques et appareils pour synchroniser la transmission de communications à partir de multiples applications Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018232685A1
WO2018232685A1 PCT/CN2017/089519 CN2017089519W WO2018232685A1 WO 2018232685 A1 WO2018232685 A1 WO 2018232685A1 CN 2017089519 W CN2017089519 W CN 2017089519W WO 2018232685 A1 WO2018232685 A1 WO 2018232685A1
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Prior art keywords
communications
applications
transmission
application
aspects
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PCT/CN2017/089519
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English (en)
Inventor
Jie Mao
Gaoshan LI
Congchong Ru
Insung Kang
Hua Xu
Zhanyi Liu
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Qualcomm Incorporated
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Priority to PCT/CN2017/089519 priority Critical patent/WO2018232685A1/fr
Publication of WO2018232685A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018232685A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/004—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay
    • H04W56/0045—Synchronisation arrangements compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay compensating for timing error by altering transmission time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]

Definitions

  • aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication, and more particularly to techniques and apparatuses for synchronizing transmission of communications from multiple applications.
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
  • Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmit power, etc. ) .
  • multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) .
  • LTE/LTE-Advanced is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • a wireless communication network may include a number of base stations (BSs) that can support communication for a number of user equipment (UEs) .
  • a UE may communicate with a BS via the downlink and uplink.
  • the downlink (or forward link) refers to the communication link from the BS to the UE
  • the uplink (or reverse link) refers to the communication link from the UE to the BS.
  • a BS may be referred to as a Node B, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a radio head, a transmit receive point (TRP) , a new radio (NR) BS, a 5G Node B, and/or the like.
  • New radio which may also be referred to as 5G, is a set of enhancements to the LTE mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
  • NR is designed to better support mobile broadband Internet access by improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs, improving services, making use of new spectrum, and better integrating with other open standards using OFDM with a cyclic prefix (CP) (CP-OFDM) on the downlink (DL) , using CP-OFDM and/or SC-FDM (e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread ODFM (DFT-s-OFDM) ) on the uplink (UL) , as well as supporting beamforming, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, and carrier aggregation.
  • CP-OFDM OFDM with a cyclic prefix
  • SC-FDM e.g., also known as discrete Fourier transform spread ODFM (DFT-s-OFDM)
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • a method of wireless communication may include determining, by a user equipment (UE) , a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications; configuring, by the UE, a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE; and transmitting, by the UE, the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • UE user equipment
  • a method of wireless communication may include receiving, by a UE, registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of the UE; determining, by the UE, that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information; and transmitting, by the UE, an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • a method of wireless communication may include receiving, by a server, registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment; receiving, by the server, a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active; and transmitting, by the server, the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active.
  • a UE for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory.
  • the one or more processors may be configured to determine a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications; configure a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE; and transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • a UE for wireless communication may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory.
  • the one or more processors may be configured to receive registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of the UE; determine that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information; and transmit an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • a server may include a memory and one or more processors operatively coupled to the memory.
  • the one or more processors may be configured to receive registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment; receive a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active; and transmit the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication.
  • the one or more instructions when executed by one or more processors, may cause the one or more processors to determine a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications of a UE; configure a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE; and transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication.
  • the one or more instructions when executed by one or more processors, may cause the one or more processors to receive registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a UE; determine that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information; and transmit an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • a non-transitory computer-readable medium may store one or more instructions for wireless communication.
  • the one or more instructions when executed by one or more processors, may cause the one or more processors to receive registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment; receive a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active; and transmit the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication may include means for determining a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications; means for configuring a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the apparatus; and means for transmitting the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • an apparatus for wireless communication may include means for receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of the apparatus; means for determining that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information; and means for transmitting an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • an apparatus may include means for receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment; means for receiving a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active; and means for transmitting the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a base station in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication network, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • UE user equipment
  • Fig. 3 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a frame structure in a wireless communication network, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 4 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating two example subframe formats with the normal cyclic prefix, in accordance with certain aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8A, and 8B are diagrams illustrating examples of synchronizing transmission of communications from multiple applications, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are diagrams illustrating example processes performed, for example, by a user equipment, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, by a server, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G and/or 4G wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure can be applied in other generation-based communication systems, such as 5G and later, including NR technologies.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a network 100 in which aspects of the present disclosure may be practiced.
  • the network 100 may be an LTE network or some other wireless network, such as a 5G or NR network.
  • Wireless network 100 may include a number of BSs 110 (shown as BS 110a, BS 110b, BS 110c, and BS 110d) and other network entities.
  • a BS is an entity that communicates with user equipment (UEs) and may also be referred to as a base station, a NR BS, a Node B, a gNB, a 5G NB, an access point, a transmit receive point (TRP) , and/or the like.
  • Each BS may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area.
  • the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a BS and/or a BS subsystem serving this coverage area, depending on the context in which the term is used.
  • a BS may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, and/or another type of cell.
  • a macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs with service subscription.
  • a femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) .
  • a BS for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro BS.
  • a BS for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico BS.
  • a BS for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto BS or a home BS.
  • a BS 110a may be a macro BS for a macro cell 102a
  • a BS 110b may be a pico BS for a pico cell 102b
  • a BS 110c may be a femto BS for a femto cell 102c.
  • a BS may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells.
  • eNB base station
  • NR BS NR BS
  • gNB gNode B
  • AP AP
  • node B node B
  • 5G NB 5G NB
  • cell may be used interchangeably herein.
  • a cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of a mobile BS.
  • the BSs may be interconnected to one another and/or to one or more other BSs or network nodes (not shown) in the access network 100 through various types of backhaul interfaces such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, and/or the like using any suitable transport network.
  • Wireless network 100 may also include relay stations.
  • a relay station is an entity that can receive a transmission of data from an upstream station (e.g., a BS or a UE) and send a transmission of the data to a downstream station (e.g., a UE or a BS) .
  • a relay station may also be a UE that can relay transmissions for other UEs.
  • a relay station 110d may communicate with macro BS 110a and a UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between BS 110a and UE 120d.
  • a relay station may also be referred to as a relay BS, a relay base station, a relay, etc.
  • Wireless network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes BSs of different types, e.g., macro BSs, pico BSs, femto BSs, relay BSs, etc. These different types of BSs may have different transmit power levels, different coverage areas, and different impact on interference in wireless network 100.
  • macro BSs may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 Watts) whereas pico BSs, femto BSs, and relay BSs may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 Watts) .
  • a network controller 130 may couple to a set of BSs and may provide coordination and control for these BSs.
  • Network controller 130 may communicate with the BSs via a backhaul.
  • the BSs may also communicate with one another, e.g., directly or indirectly via a wireless or wireline backhaul.
  • UEs 120 may be dispersed throughout wireless network 100, and each UE may be stationary or mobile.
  • a UE may also be referred to as an access terminal, a terminal, a mobile station, a subscriber unit, a station, etc.
  • a UE may be a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, medical device or equipment, biometric sensors/devices, wearable devices (smart watches, smart clothing, smart glasses, smart wrist bands, smart jewelry (e.g., smart ring, smart bracelet)) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music or video device, or a satellite radio) , a vehicular component or sensor, smart meters/sensors, industrial manufacturing equipment, a global positioning system device, or any other suitable device that is configured to communicate via a wireless or wired medium.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • WLL wireless local loop
  • MTC and eMTC UEs include, for example, robots, drones, remote devices, such as sensors, meters, monitors, location tags, etc., that may communicate with a base station, another device (e.g., remote device) , or some other entity.
  • a wireless node may provide, for example, connectivity for or to a network (e.g., a wide area network such as Internet or a cellular network) via a wired or wireless communication link.
  • Some UEs may be considered Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, and/or may be implemented as may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband internet of things) devices. Some UEs may be considered a Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) .
  • UE 120 may be included inside a housing that houses components of UE 120, such as processor components, memory components, and/or the like.
  • UE 120 may include a synchronization module 140, which may also be referred to as a data transmission re-organizer (DTRO) .
  • the synchronization module 140 may synchronize transmission of communications from multiple applications executing on the UE 120, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
  • Synchronization module 140 may include one or more components of Fig. 2, as described below. Additionally, or alternatively, synchronization module 140 may include means for performing one or more processes described herein, such as process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, and/or the like.
  • network 100 may include a server 150.
  • Server 150 may communicate with one or more UEs 120, such as via one or more base stations 110 and/or via one or more other devices (e.g., which may reside in a core network in communication with one or more base stations 110) .
  • server 150 may transmit one or more communications on behalf of one or more applications executing on the UE 120, as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
  • Server 150 may include one or more components, such as memory, one or more processors, one or more communication interfaces (e.g., to communicate with other devices) , and/or the like, to perform one or more processes described herein (e.g., process 1100 of Fig. 11 and/or other process described herein) .
  • server 150 may include means for performing one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11 and/or the like.
  • server 150 may include means for receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment, means for receiving a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active, means for transmitting the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active, and/or the like.
  • Such means may include, for example, memory, one or more processors, one or more communication components, and/or the like.
  • any number of wireless networks may be deployed in a given geographic area.
  • Each wireless network may support a particular RAT and may operate on one or more frequencies.
  • a RAT may also be referred to as a radio technology, an air interface, etc.
  • a frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a frequency channel, etc.
  • Each frequency may support a single RAT in a given geographic area in order to avoid interference between wireless networks of different RATs.
  • NR or 5G RAT networks may be deployed.
  • a scheduling entity e.g., a base station
  • the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, assigning, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more subordinate entities. That is, for scheduled communication, subordinate entities utilize resources allocated by the scheduling entity.
  • Base stations are not the only entities that may function as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE may function as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more subordinate entities (e.g., one or more other UEs) . In this example, the UE is functioning as a scheduling entity, and other UEs utilize resources scheduled by the UE for wireless communication.
  • a UE may function as a scheduling entity in a peer-to-peer (P2P) network, and/or in a mesh network. In a mesh network example, UEs may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • mesh network UEs may optionally communicate directly with one another in addition to communicating with the scheduling entity.
  • a scheduling entity and one or more subordinate entities may communicate utilizing the scheduled resources.
  • Fig. 1 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of a design of base station 110 and UE 120, which may be one of the base stations and one of the UEs in Fig. 1.
  • Base station 110 may be equipped with T antennas 234a through 234t
  • UE 120 may be equipped with R antennas 252a through 252r, where in general T ⁇ 1 and R ⁇ 1.
  • a transmit processor 220 may receive data from a data source 212 for one or more UEs, select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCS) for each UE based at least in part on channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE, process (e.g., encode and modulate) the data for each UE based at least in part on the MCS (s) selected for the UE, and provide data symbols for all UEs. Transmit processor 220 may also process system information (e.g., for semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) , etc. ) and control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, upper layer signaling, etc. ) and provide overhead symbols and control symbols.
  • MCS modulation and coding schemes
  • Transmit processor 220 may also generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., the CRS) and synchronization signals (e.g., the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and secondary synchronization signal (SSS) ) .
  • a transmit (TX) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) processor 230 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and/or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide T output symbol streams to T modulators (MODs) 232a through 232t. Each modulator 232 may process a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain an output sample stream.
  • Each modulator 232 may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal.
  • T downlink signals from modulators 232a through 232t may be transmitted via T antennas 234a through 234t, respectively.
  • the synchronization signals can be generated with location encoding to convey additional information.
  • antennas 252a through 252r may receive the downlink signals from base station 110 and/or other base stations and may provide received signals to demodulators (DEMODs) 254a through 254r, respectively.
  • Each demodulator 254 may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples.
  • Each demodulator 254 may further process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM, etc. ) to obtain received symbols.
  • a MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from all R demodulators 254a through 254r, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols.
  • a receive processor 258 may process (e.g., demodulate and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for UE 120 to a data sink 260, and provide decoded control information and system information to a controller/processor 280.
  • a channel processor may determine RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc.
  • a transmit processor 264 may receive and process data from a data source 262 and control information (e.g., for reports comprising RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, CQI, etc. ) from controller/processor 280. Transmit processor 264 may also generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals. The symbols from transmit processor 264 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 266 if applicable, further processed by modulators 254a through 254r (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc. ) , and transmitted to base station 110.
  • modulators 254a through 254r e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM, CP-OFDM, etc.
  • the uplink signals from UE 120 and other UEs may be received by antennas 234, processed by demodulators 232, detected by a MIMO detector 236 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 120.
  • Receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 and the decoded control information to controller/processor 240.
  • Base station 110 may include communication unit 244 and communicate to network controller 130 via communication unit 244.
  • Network controller 130 may include communication unit 294, controller/processor 290, and memory 292.
  • one or more components of UE 120 may be included in a housing. Controllers/processors 240 and 280 and/or any other component (s) in Fig. 2 may direct the operation at base station 110 and UE 120, respectively, to synchronize transmission of communications from multiple applications executing on the UE 120.
  • controller/processor 280 and/or other processors and modules at UE 120 may perform or direct operations of UE 120 to synchronize transmission of communications from multiple applications executing on the UE 120.
  • controller/processor 280 and/or other controllers/processors and modules at UE 120 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 900 of Fig. 9, process 1000 of Fig. 10, and/or other processes as described herein.
  • Memories 242 and 282 may store data and program codes for base station 110 and UE 120, respectively.
  • a scheduler 246 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and/or uplink.
  • UE 120 may include means for determining a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications of the UE 120, means for configuring a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the apparatus, means for transmitting the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule, and/or the like.
  • UE 120 may include means for receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of the UE 120, means for determining that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information, means for transmitting an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message, and/or the like.
  • such means may include one or more components described above in connection with Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 2 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 3 shows an example frame structure 300 for FDD in a telecommunications system (e.g., LTE) .
  • the transmission timeline for each of the downlink and uplink may be partitioned into units of radio frames.
  • Each radio frame may have a predetermined duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) and may be partitioned into 10 subframes with indices of 0 through 9.
  • Each subframe may include two slots.
  • Each radio frame may thus include 20 slots with indices of 0 through 19.
  • Each slot may include L symbol periods, e.g., seven symbol periods for a normal cyclic prefix (as shown in Fig. 3) or six symbol periods for an extended cyclic prefix.
  • the 2L symbol periods in each subframe may be assigned indices of 0 through 2L–1.
  • a wireless communication structure may refer to a periodic time-bounded communication unit defined by a wireless communication standard and/or protocol.
  • a BS may transmit a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) on the downlink in the center of the system bandwidth for each cell supported by the BS.
  • PSS primary synchronization signal
  • SSS secondary synchronization signal
  • the PSS and SSS may be transmitted in symbol periods 6 and 5, respectively, in subframes 0 and 5 of each radio frame with the normal cyclic prefix, as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the PSS and SSS may be used by UEs for cell search and acquisition.
  • the BS may transmit a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) across the system bandwidth for each cell supported by the BS.
  • CRS cell-specific reference signal
  • the CRS may be transmitted in certain symbol periods of each subframe and may be used by the UEs to perform channel estimation, channel quality measurement, and/or other functions.
  • the BS may also transmit a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) in symbol periods 0 to 3 in slot 1 of certain radio frames.
  • PBCH physical broadcast channel
  • the PBCH may carry some system information.
  • the BS may transmit other system information such as system information blocks (SIBs) on a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) in certain subframes.
  • SIBs system information blocks
  • PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
  • the BS may transmit control information/data on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in the first B symbol periods of a subframe, where B may be configurable for each subframe.
  • the BS may transmit traffic data and/or other data on the PDSCH in the remaining symbol periods of each subframe.
  • a Node B may transmit these or other signals in these locations or in different locations of the subframe.
  • Fig. 3 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 4 shows two example subframe formats 410 and 420 with the normal cyclic prefix.
  • the available time frequency resources may be partitioned into resource blocks.
  • Each resource block may cover 12 subcarriers in one slot and may include a number of resource elements.
  • Each resource element may cover one subcarrier in one symbol period and may be used to send one modulation symbol, which may be a real or complex value.
  • Subframe format 410 may be used for two antennas.
  • a CRS may be transmitted from antennas 0 and 1 in symbol periods 0, 4, 7, and 11.
  • a reference signal is a signal that is known a priori by a transmitter and a receiver and may also be referred to as a pilot signal.
  • a CRS is a reference signal that is specific for a cell, e.g., generated based at least in part on a cell identity (ID) .
  • ID cell identity
  • Subframe format 420 may be used with four antennas.
  • a CRS may be transmitted from antennas 0 and 1 in symbol periods 0, 4, 7, and 11 and from antennas 2 and 3 in symbol periods 1 and 8.
  • a CRS may be transmitted on evenly spaced subcarriers, which may be determined based at least in part on cell ID.
  • CRSs may be transmitted on the same or different subcarriers, depending on their cell IDs.
  • resource elements not used for the CRS may be used to transmit data (e.g., traffic data, control data, and/or other data) .
  • E-UTRA Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
  • An interlace structure may be used for each of the downlink and uplink for FDD in certain telecommunications systems (e.g., LTE) .
  • Q interlaces with indices of 0 through Q –1 may be defined, where Q may be equal to 4, 6, 8, 10, or some other value.
  • Each interlace may include subframes that are spaced apart by Q frames.
  • interlace q may include subframes q, q + Q, q + 2Q, etc., where q ⁇ ⁇ 0, ..., Q-1 ⁇ .
  • the wireless network may support hybrid automatic retransmission request (HARQ) for data transmission on the downlink and uplink.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic retransmission request
  • a transmitter e.g., a BS
  • a receiver e.g., a UE
  • all transmissions of the packet may be sent in subframes of a single interlace.
  • each transmission of the packet may be sent in any subframe.
  • a UE may be located within the coverage of multiple BSs. One of these BSs may be selected to serve the UE. The serving BS may be selected based at least in part on various criteria such as received signal strength, received signal quality, path loss, and/or the like. Received signal quality may be quantified by a signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio (SINR) , or a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , or some other metric.
  • SINR signal-to-noise-and-interference ratio
  • RSRQ reference signal received quality
  • the UE may operate in a dominant interference scenario in which the UE may observe high interference from one or more interfering BSs.
  • aspects of the examples described herein may be associated with LTE technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable with other wireless communication systems, such as NR or 5G technologies.
  • New radio may refer to radios configured to operate according to a new air interface (e.g., other than Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiple Access (OFDMA) -based air interfaces) or fixed transport layer (e.g., other than Internet Protocol (IP) ) .
  • NR may utilize OFDM with a CP (herein referred to as cyclic prefix OFDM or CP-OFDM) and/or SC-FDM on the uplink, may utilize CP-OFDM on the downlink and include support for half-duplex operation using TDD.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Divisional Multiple Access
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • NR may, for example, utilize OFDM with a CP (herein referred to as CP-OFDM) and/or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) on the uplink, may utilize CP-OFDM on the downlink and include support for half-duplex operation using TDD.
  • CP-OFDM OFDM with a CP
  • DFT-s-OFDM discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
  • NR may include Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) service targeting wide bandwidth (e.g., 80 megahertz (MHz) and beyond) , millimeter wave (mmW) targeting high carrier frequency (e.g., 60 gigahertz (GHz)) , massive MTC (mMTC) targeting non-backward compatible MTC techniques, and/or mission critical targeting ultra reliable low latency communications (URLLC) service.
  • eMBB Enhanced Mobile Broadband
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • mMTC massive MTC
  • URLLC ultra reliable low latency communications
  • NR resource blocks may span 12 sub-carriers with a sub-carrier bandwidth of 75 kilohertz (kHz) over a 0.1 ms duration.
  • Each radio frame may include 50 subframes with a length of 10 ms. Consequently, each subframe may have a length of 0.2 ms.
  • Each subframe may indicate a link direction (e.g., DL or UL) for data transmission and the link direction for each subframe may be dynamically switched.
  • Each subframe may include DL/UL data as well as DL/UL control data.
  • NR may support a different air interface, other than an OFDM-based interface.
  • NR networks may include entities such central units or distributed units.
  • the RAN may include a central unit (CU) and distributed units (DUs) .
  • a NR BS e.g., gNB, 5G Node B, Node B, transmit receive point (TRP) , access point (AP)
  • NR cells can be configured as access cells (ACells) or data only cells (DCells) .
  • the RAN e.g., a central unit or distributed unit
  • DCells may be cells used for carrier aggregation or dual connectivity, but not used for initial access, cell selection/reselection, or handover.
  • DCells may not transmit synchronization signals.
  • DCells may transmit synchronization signals.
  • NR BSs may transmit downlink signals to UEs indicating the cell type. Based at least in part on the cell type indication, the UE may communicate with the NR BS. For example, the UE may determine NR BSs to consider for cell selection, access, handover, and/or measurement based at least in part on the indicated cell type.
  • Fig. 4 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 4.
  • a UE may have many applications executing on the UE, and different applications may have different requirements for sending communications over a network. For example, an application may send periodic heartbeat messages, which may indicate that the application is active and/or available for communication. Additionally, or alternatively, an application may send a data communication when the application has data to send to another device. Transmission of such communications may consume resources of the UE (e.g., memory, processing resources, battery power, and/or the like) .
  • resources of the UE e.g., memory, processing resources, battery power, and/or the like.
  • the UE when a UE is in an idle state, the UE may exit the idle state when a message is ready to be sent, may set up a network connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) connection, one or more radio bearers, and/or the like) , may transmit the message, may tear down the network connection, and may return to the idle state.
  • RRC radio resource control
  • This may consume a large amount of UE resources, particularly when there a large number of applications on the UE.
  • Techniques described herein assist in synchronizing transmission of communications from applications of a UE and/or offloading transmission of such communications to a server, thereby conserving UE resources (e.g., memory, processing resources, battery power, and/or the like) .
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of synchronizing transmission of communications from multiple applications, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a UE 505 may communicate with a base station 510 for transmission of synchronized communications.
  • the UE 505 may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UE 120 of Fig. 1 and/or the like.
  • the base station 510 may correspond to one or more base stations described elsewhere herein, such as the base station 110 of Fig. 1 and/or the like.
  • the UE 505 may determine a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications (e.g., applications stored by the UE 505, applications executing on the UE 505, and/or the like) .
  • the UE 505 may determine a first delay tolerance parameter for a first communication corresponding to a first application shown as App A, may determine a second delay tolerance parameter for a second communication corresponding to a second application shown as App B, may determine a third delay tolerance parameter for a third communication corresponding to a third application shown as App C, and/or the like.
  • the plurality of communications may be a plurality of heartbeat messages that indicate whether corresponding applications are active and/or available to receive communications from other devices.
  • a delay tolerance parameter may indicate a period of periodic transmission of a heartbeat message. For example, a heartbeat message may be transmitted periodically to indicate whether a corresponding application is active, and different applications may be associated with different periods for heartbeat messages. Additionally, or alternatively, a delay tolerance parameter may indicate a permitted modification to the period.
  • an application may transmit heartbeat messages with a certain period (e.g., 10 ms) , but may permit such period to be modified (e.g., by 1 ms, resulting in a range of 9 ms to 11ms between consecutive heartbeat message transmissions) .
  • a delay tolerance parameter may indicate a quality of service parameter associated with a communication, such as an error rate parameter, a bit rate parameter, a throughput parameter, a transmission delay parameter, a jitter parameter, a timeout length parameter, and/or the like.
  • the UE 505 may configure a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE 505. For example, the UE 505 may use periods for multiple heartbeat messages, permitted modifications to the periods, quality of service parameters, and/or the like, to generate a transmission schedule for transmitting the heartbeat messages.
  • the transmission schedule may align transmission of the heartbeat messages with an on duration of a wakeup cycle of the UE 505 (e.g., a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle, an extended DRX cycle, and/or the like) .
  • a wakeup cycle of the UE 505 e.g., a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle, an extended DRX cycle, and/or the like
  • the UE 505 may have a DRX cycle of 50 ms.
  • the UE 505 may configure a transmission schedule that transmits heartbeat messages for all three applications every 100 ms during alternating on durations of the DRX cycle.
  • recurring communications of App A will be transmitted according to the period of App A (e.g., 100 ms)
  • recurring communications of App B will be transmitted more often than necessary (e.g., every 100 ms, rather than every 120 ms)
  • recurring communications of App C will be within a delay tolerance (e.g., 100 ms, which is within a 75 ms period with a 25 ms delay tolerance) .
  • the UE 505 may conserve battery power that would otherwise be consumed if the communications were not synchronized and the UE 505 could not enter a sleep state.
  • the UE 505 may transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule. For example, the UE 505 may transmit the communications during an on duration of a UE wakeup cycle. In some aspects, the UE 505 may transmit the plurality of communications using a single communication package. In some aspects, the UE 505 may piggyback the plurality of communications in a signaling message, such as a non-access stratum (NAS) message, an RRC message, a tracking area update (TAU) message, and/or the like. In some aspects, one or more information elements in the signaling message may correspond to one or more applications.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • TAU tracking area update
  • one or more information elements in the signaling message may correspond to one or more applications.
  • a first information element may correspond to App A
  • a second information element may correspond to App B
  • a third information element may correspond to App C
  • an information element is one bit
  • a first value of the bit e.g., a value of 1
  • a second value of the bit e.g., a value of 0
  • the UE 505 may transmit a bitmap of 111 (e.g., three bits or information elements, all with a value of 1) to indicate that App A is active (e.g., corresponding to the first bit) , that App B is active (e.g., corresponding to the second bit) , and that App C is active (e.g., corresponding to the third bit) .
  • a bitmap of 111 e.g., three bits or information elements, all with a value of 1
  • App A is active
  • App B is active
  • App C e.g., corresponding to the third bit
  • the UE 505 may conserve network resources by piggybacking heartbeat messages onto signaling messages.
  • the UE 505 may conserve battery power because the transmission schedule may be configured to align transmissions with an on duration of a wakeup cycle of the UE 505.
  • the plurality of communications may be sent (e.g., from the UE 505 and via the base station 510) to a plurality of destinations (e.g., servers, other UEs, and/or the like) corresponding to the plurality of applications.
  • a plurality of destinations e.g., servers, other UEs, and/or the like
  • an application may be in a sleep state when a communication, corresponding to the application, is transmitted.
  • App A may indicate, to the UE 505, that App A is available to receive communications, and then may enter a sleep state (e.g., until the UE 505 receives a communication intended for App A and wakes up App A) .
  • App A may continue to be in the sleep state while the UE 505 periodically transmits communications (e.g., heartbeat messages) on behalf of App A.
  • App A may continue to sleep until the UE 505 receives a communication for App A and/or until App A indicates that App A is no longer active, at which point the UE 505 may stop transmitting periodic communications for App A. In this way, the UE 505 may further conserve battery power.
  • the UE 505 may determine a plurality of quality of service parameters for a plurality of data communications, may configure the transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of data communications based at least in part on the plurality of quality of service parameters and the wakeup cycle of the UE 505, and may transmit the plurality of data communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • the UE 505 may provide information regarding the transmission to the application (e.g., a transmission result, an indication that the transmission was sent, a time of the transmission, and/or the like) . In this way, an application with a timeout requirement may confirm that the transmission was sent, and can avoid triggering retransmission, thereby conserving network resources, UE resources, and application resources.
  • the communications may be transmitted by a synchronization module of the UE 505, as described in more detail below in connection with Fig. 6. Additionally, or alternatively, the communications may be transmitted by the individual applications, as described in more detail below in connection with Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 5 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 5.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 of synchronizing transmission of communications from multiple applications, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a UE 605 may communicate with a base station 610 for transmission of synchronized communications.
  • the UE 605 may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UE 120 of Fig. 1, the UE 505 of Fig. 5, and/or the like.
  • the base station 610 may correspond to one or more base stations described elsewhere herein, such as the base station 110 of Fig. 1, the base station 510 of Fig. 5, and/or the like.
  • the UE 605 may include a synchronization module 615, which may correspond to, for example, the synchronization module 140 of Fig. 1 and/or the like.
  • a plurality of applications may register with the synchronization module 615 of the UE 605.
  • the synchronization module 615 may aggregate and/or transmit a plurality of communications corresponding to the plurality of applications.
  • an application may register with the synchronization module 615 to indicate that the application is active (e.g., is available for communications) and/or may deregister with the synchronization module 615 to indicate that the application is inactive (e.g., is not available for communications) .
  • the synchronization module 615 may configure a transmission schedule using registration information associated with the plurality of applications.
  • the plurality of applications may provide registration information to the synchronization module 615.
  • the registration information may assist the synchronization module 615 in configuring a transmission schedule for transmitting the plurality of communications, and/or may assist the synchronization module 615 and/or the UE 605 in transmitting the plurality of communications.
  • the registration information may include a plurality of delay tolerance parameters corresponding to the plurality of applications, as described above in connection with Fig. 5.
  • the synchronization module 615 may configure the transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE 605.
  • the registration information may indicate a plurality of destinations for the plurality of communications.
  • a destination may include a device, such as a server, another UE, and/or the like, and may be indicated by a device identifier, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address and/or the like.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the registration information may indicate a plurality of encryption keys and/or a plurality of encryption algorithms corresponding to the plurality of applications.
  • the UE 605 e.g., the synchronization module 615 may use an encryption key and/or an encryption algorithm, indicated by an application, to encrypt communications associated with that applications, thereby increasing security.
  • the synchronization module 615 may reconfigure the transmission schedule when an application deregisters. For example, in Fig. 6, App A, App B, and App D have registered with the synchronization module 615, and App C has deregistered with the synchronization module 615. In this case, the synchronization module 615 may use periods for multiple communications (e.g., heartbeat messages) , permitted modifications to the periods, quality of service parameters, and/or the like for App A, App B, and App D to generate a transmission schedule for transmitting the communications.
  • multiple communications e.g., heartbeat messages
  • the transmission schedule may align transmission of the communications with an on duration of a wakeup cycle of the UE 605.
  • the UE 605 may have a DRX cycle of 50 ms.
  • App A has a period of 100ms
  • App B has a period of 120 ms with a delay tolerance of 25 ms
  • App D has a period of 60 ms with a delay tolerance of 15 ms
  • the UE 605 may configure a transmission schedule that transmits communications for App A and App B every 100 ms during alternating on durations of the wakeup cycle, and that transmits communications for App D every 50 ms during consecutive on durations.
  • recurring communications of App A will be transmitted according to the period of App A (e.g., 100 ms)
  • recurring communications of App B will be transmitted more often than necessary (e.g., every 100 ms, rather than every 120 ms)
  • recurring communications of App D will be transmitted more often than necessary (e.g., every 50 ms, rather than every 60 ms) .
  • this configuration may conserve battery power of the UE 605 by aligning the recurring communications of the different applications with on durations of the UE wakeup cycle.
  • the UE 605 e.g., the synchronization module 615) may reconfigure the transmission schedule using delay tolerance parameters corresponding to the currently registered applications.
  • the UE 605 may transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule. For example, the synchronization module 615 may transmit the communications during an on duration of a UE wakeup cycle. In some aspects, the synchronization module 615 may piggyback the plurality of communications in a signaling message (e.g., using one or more information elements corresponding to one or more applications) , as described in more detail above in connection with Fig. 5. In this way, the synchronization module 615 may conserve network resources by piggybacking heartbeat messages onto signaling messages. The plurality of communications may be sent (e.g., from the UE 605 and via the base station 610) to a plurality of destinations (e.g., servers, other UEs, and/or the like) corresponding to the plurality of applications.
  • a plurality of destinations e.g., servers, other UEs, and/or the like
  • a synchronization module 615 of a UE 605 may aggregate and transmit a plurality of communications (e.g., heartbeat messages, data communications, and/or the like) corresponding to a plurality of applications. Additionally, or alternatively, the individual applications may transmit communications based at least in part on a transmission schedule configured by the synchronization module 615, as described in more detail below in connection with Fig. 7.
  • a plurality of communications e.g., heartbeat messages, data communications, and/or the like
  • the individual applications may transmit communications based at least in part on a transmission schedule configured by the synchronization module 615, as described in more detail below in connection with Fig. 7.
  • Fig. 6 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 6.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of synchronizing transmission of communications from multiple applications, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a UE 705 may communicate with a base station 710 for transmission of synchronized communications.
  • the UE 705 may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UE 120 of Fig. 1, the UE 505 of Fig. 5, the UE 605 of Fig. 6, and/or the like.
  • the base station 710 may correspond to one or more base stations described elsewhere herein, such as the base station 110 of Fig. 1, the base station 510 of Fig. 5, the base station 610 of Fig. 6, and/or the like.
  • the UE 705 may include a synchronization module 715, which may correspond to, for example, the synchronization module 140 of Fig. 1, the synchronization module 615 of Fig. 6, and/or the like.
  • a plurality of applications may register with the synchronization module 715 of the UE 705, in a similar manner as described above in connection with Fig. 6.
  • an application may provide registration information to the synchronization module 715, may register with the synchronization module 715 to indicate that the application is active, may deregister with the synchronization module 715 to indicate that the application is inactive, and/or the like.
  • the synchronization module 715 may configure a transmission schedule for synchronization transmission of a plurality of communications corresponding to the plurality of applications, in a similar manner as described above in connection with Figs. 5 and 6.
  • the registration information may indicate a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications, and the synchronization module 715 may configure the transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE 705.
  • the synchronization module 715 may reconfigure the transmission schedule based at least in part on registration of an additional application, deregistration of an application, a change in registration information associated with an application (e.g., a change in a delay tolerance parameter) , and/or the like.
  • the synchronization module 715 may provide a relevant portion of the transmission schedule to an application.
  • App A may transmit first communications
  • the synchronization module 715 may provide App A with a portion of the transmission schedule that indicates when to transmit the first communications.
  • App B may transmit second communications and may receive a portion of the transmission schedule that indicates when to transmit the second communications
  • App C may transmit third communications and may receive a portion of the transmission schedule that indicates when to transmit the third communications.
  • UE resources may be conserved by preventing the synchronization module 715 from providing irrelevant information to an application, such as a transmission schedule for a different application.
  • the plurality of applications may transmit the corresponding plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • an individual application may transmit communications associated with the application, thereby increasing security (e.g., rather than sharing information associated with a destination for the communications, an encryption key and/or an encryption algorithm used for the communications, and/or the like, with the synchronization module 715) .
  • this may still conserve UE battery power when the applications are scheduled to transmit the communications during an on duration of a UE wakeup cycle.
  • an application may indicate a mode in which communications, associated with the application, are to be sent.
  • the application may indicate that the synchronization module 715 is to transmit communications associated with the application (e.g., using a mode described in connection with Fig. 6) , may indicate that the application is to transmit communications associated with the application (e.g., using a mode described in connection with Fig. 7) , may indicate that a server is to transmit communications on behalf of the application (e.g., using a mode described in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B) , and/or the like.
  • the application may balance competing objectives of application security and conservation of UE resources.
  • Fig. 7 is provided merely as an example. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Fig. 7.
  • Figs. 8A and 8B are diagrams illustrating examples 800 of using a server to transmit communications on behalf of multiple applications of a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • a UE 805 may use a base station 810 to communicate with a server 815 that transmits communications on behalf of applications executing on the UE 805.
  • the UE 805 may correspond to one or more UEs described elsewhere herein, such as the UE 120 of Fig. 1, the UE 505 of Fig. 5, the UE 605 of Fig. 6, UE 705 of Fig. 7, and/or the like.
  • the base station 810 may correspond to one or more base stations described elsewhere herein, such as the base station 110 of Fig. 1, the base station 510 of Fig. 5, the base station 610 of Fig. 6, the base station 710 of Fig. 7, and/or the like.
  • the server 815 may correspond to one or more servers described elsewhere herein, such as the server 150 of Fig. 1 and/or the like.
  • the UE 805 may receive, from one or more applications of the UE 805, registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to the one or more applications.
  • the one or more communications may include one or more heartbeat messages. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more communications may include one or more data communications.
  • the UE 805 receives registration information from three active applications, shown as App A, App B, and App C.
  • the registration information may include registration information described elsewhere herein in connection with Figs. 5-7.
  • the registration information may indicate a period for periodic transmission of a communication of the one or more communications.
  • the registration information may indicate an encryption key associated with an application of the one or more applications.
  • the registration information may indicate an encryption algorithm associated with the application.
  • the registration information may indicate a target address of a destination to which the communication is to be transmitted.
  • the UE 805 may determine that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information. For example, an application may initially register with the UE 805 by providing registration information to the UE 805 (e.g., to a synchronization module of the UE 805, as described elsewhere herein) . In some aspects, an application may deregister with the UE 805 by providing an indication that the application is inactive. In some aspects, an application may reregister with the UE 805 by providing an indication that the application is active after deregistering with the UE 805. In some aspects, the UE 805 (e.g., the synchronization module) may delete registration information when an application deregisters, and the application may reregister by providing the registration information.
  • the UE 805 e.g., the synchronization module
  • the UE 805 may maintain the registration information when an application deregisters, and the application may reregister by indicating that the application is active (e.g., without providing the registration information again) .
  • the application may provide updated registration information when the registration information changes.
  • the UE 805 may transmit an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • the signaling message may include a NAS message, an RRC message, a TAU message, and/or the like.
  • a particular information element in the signaling message may correspond to a particular application. Such correspondence may be indicated by the UE 805 and/or configured for the UE 805 by the base station 810, such as during RRC configuration.
  • a first information element in the signaling message may correspond to App A
  • a second information element may correspond to App B
  • a third information element may correspond to App C.
  • an information element is one bit, and a first value of the bit (e.g., a value of 1) may indicate that a corresponding application is active, while a second value of the bit (e.g., a value of 0) may indicate that the corresponding application is inactive.
  • the UE 805 may transmit a bitmap of 111 (e.g., three bits or information elements, all with a value of 1) to indicate that App A is active (e.g., corresponding to the first bit) , that App B is active (e.g., corresponding to the second bit) , and that App C is active (e.g., corresponding to the third bit) .
  • the UE 505 may conserve network resources by piggybacking heartbeat messages onto signaling messages.
  • the UE 805 may transmit the indication to the server 815 (e.g., via the base station 810 and/or a core network) .
  • the server 815 may generate the one or more communications and/or may transmit the one or more communications to one or more corresponding destinations on behalf of the one or more applications of the UE 805.
  • an application may be in a sleep state when the indication is transmitted by the UE 805 and/or when a communication, corresponding to the application, is transmitted by the server 815.
  • the UE 805 may be in a sleep state when a communication, corresponding to the application, is transmitted by the server 815. In these ways, the UE 505 may conserve battery power.
  • the server 815 may receive registration information associated with transmission of the one or more communications corresponding to the one or more applications of the UE 805.
  • the UE 805 may initially provide the registration information to the server 815, and the server 815 may store the registration information, as shown.
  • the server 815 may store information that identifies an application (e.g., an application identifier) , information that identifies a UE 805 associated with the application (e.g., a UE identifier) , information that indicates whether the application is active or inactive (e.g., a binary indication) , information that indicates one or more target addresses for one or more destinations for communications associated with the application, information that identifies an encryption key and/or an encryption algorithm to use for communications associated with the application, information that identifies a period with which recurring communications are to be transmitted for the application (e.g., a period for periodic transmission of communications) , and/or the like.
  • an application e.g., an application identifier
  • information that identifies a UE 805 associated with the application e.g., a UE identifier
  • information that indicates whether the application is active or inactive e.g., a binary indication
  • the UE 805 may transmit the registration information to the server 815 when an application initially registers with the UE 805.
  • the server 815 may maintain this registration information (e.g., for a threshold amount of time, after which the server 815 may delete the registration information) .
  • the server 815 may maintain the registration information for an application for a threshold amount of time after the application becomes inactive, as described below in connection with Fig. 8B. In this way, network resources may be conserved by preventing multiple transmissions of the registration information.
  • the server 815 may receive, from the UE 805, a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the UE 805, are active.
  • the server 815 may receive the signaling message with the bitmap 111, indicating that App A, App B, and/or App C are active.
  • the UE 805 and/or the base station 810 may transmit, to the server 815, information that indicates a correspondence between information elements in the signaling message and applications of the UE 805. This information may be indicated after the correspondence has been configured by the UE 805 and/or the base station 810.
  • the server 815 may transmit the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active. As shown, the server 815 may transmit a communication (e.g., a heartbeat message and/or data communication) on behalf of App A to a first destination (shown as Destination A) associated with App A, may transmit a communication on behalf of App B to a second destination (shown as Destination B) associated with App B, may transmit a communication on behalf of App C to a third destination (shown as Destination C) associated with App C, and/or the like.
  • a communication e.g., a heartbeat message and/or data communication
  • the server 815 may periodically transmit communications on behalf of an application (e.g., according to a period indicated in registration information) until the server 815 receives an indication that the application is inactive.
  • network resources may be conserved because the UE 805 may transmit indications regarding a status of an application (e.g., whether the application is active or inactive) only when such status changes.
  • the UE 805 may conserve battery power by offloading transmission of communications to the server 815, thereby conserving UE resources associated with such transmissions and permitting the UE 805 and/or the applications to enter a sleep state rather than transmitting such communications.
  • the application when an application undergoes a status change (e.g., from active to inactive or inactive to active) , the application may indicate the status change to the UE 805.
  • a status change e.g., from active to inactive or inactive to active
  • the application may indicate the status change to the UE 805.
  • App B indicates that App B is inactive
  • App A and App C remain active.
  • the UE 805 e.g., a synchronization module of the UE 805 may receive the indication of the status change, which may be similar to deregistration of an application, as described elsewhere herein.
  • the UE 805 may determine which applications are active or inactive. For example, in this case, App A and App C are active, while App B is inactive.
  • the UE 805 may transmit, to the server 815 via the base station 810, the indication of the status change.
  • indication may be sent using one or more information elements of a signaling message, such as a NAS message, an RRC message, a TAU message, and/or the like.
  • a second information element in the signaling message may be transmitted with a value (e.g., 0) that indicates that App B is inactive.
  • a value e.g., 0
  • the UE 805 transmits a bitmap of 101 (e.g., three bits or information elements) to indicate that App A is active (e.g., corresponding to the first bit) , that App B is inactive (e.g., corresponding to the second bit) , and that App C is active (e.g., corresponding to the third bit) .
  • a bitmap of 101 e.g., three bits or information elements
  • App A is active
  • App B is inactive
  • App C e.g., corresponding to the third bit
  • the UE 505 may conserve network resources by piggybacking heartbeat messages onto signaling messages. While 3 bits are shown, a different number of bits may be used, such as 1 bit, 2 bits, 4 bits, 8 bits, 16 bits, and/or the like.
  • the UE 805 may only provide an indication for one or more applications for which a status has changed (e.g., App B) .
  • the UE 805 may transmit a first information element that indicates that App A is active, may transmit a second information element that indicates that App B is active, and may transmit a third information element that indicates that App C is active.
  • Such information elements may be more than one bit, in some aspects.
  • the UE 805 may transmit null information elements for the applications with no change in status, and may transmit an information element indicating the change in status for applications for which the status has changed. For example, the UE 805 may transmit the first and third information elements (e.g., corresponding to App A and App C) with null values, and may transmit the second information element (e.g., corresponding to App B) with an information element indicating that the status of App B has changed (e.g., from active to inactive) . In this way, the UE 805 may conserve network resources by only indicating a change in status.
  • first and third information elements e.g., corresponding to App A and App C
  • the second information element e.g., corresponding to App B
  • an information element indicating that the status of App B has changed e.g., from active to inactive
  • the server 815 may update stored registration information based at least in part on receiving another signaling message that indicates that the status of App B has changed (e.g., from active to inactive) .
  • the server 815 may store an indication that App B is inactive.
  • the server 815 may delete registration information associated with App B upon receiving the indication, thereby conserving memory resources.
  • the server 815 may maintain the registration information associated with App B because App B may become active at a later time, and the UE 805 will not need to retransmit the registration information for App B when the server 815 maintains the registration information, thereby conserving network resources.
  • the server 815 may maintain the registration information associated with App B for a threshold amount of time after App B becomes inactive, and may delete the registration information after the threshold amount of time elapses. In this case, the server 815 may indicate, to the UE 805, when the registration information for App B has been deleted, and the UE 805 may retransmit the registration information for App B if App B becomes active at a later time.
  • the server 815 may prevent transmission of subsequent communication on behalf of an application based at least in part on an indication that the application is inactive. For example, while the server 815 continues to periodically transmit communications for App A and App C, which are active, the server 815 stops transmission of further communications for App B after receiving the indication that App B is inactive. In this way, a destination associated with App B may determine that App B is inactive (e.g., due to the failure to receive further heartbeat messages associated with App B) .
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B are provided as examples. Other examples are possible and may differ from what was described with regard to Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example process 900 performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Example process 900 is an example where a UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 505, UE 605, UE 705, UE 805, and/or the like) synchronizes transmission of communications from multiple applications.
  • a UE e.g., UE 120, UE 505, UE 605, UE 705, UE 805, and/or the like
  • a UE e.g., UE 120, UE 505, UE 605, UE 705, UE 805, and/or the like
  • process 900 may include determining a plurality of delay tolerance parameters for a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications (block 910) .
  • a UE may determine a plurality of delay tolerance parameters, as described above in connection with Figs. 5-7.
  • the plurality of delay tolerance parameters may be associated with a plurality of communications corresponding to a plurality of applications of the UE.
  • process 900 may include configuring a transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE (block 920) .
  • the UE may configure a transmission schedule, as described above in connection with Figs. 5-7.
  • the transmission schedule may be used to synchronize transmission of the plurality of communications, and may be configured based at least in part on the plurality of delay tolerance parameters and a wakeup cycle of the UE.
  • process 900 may include transmitting the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule (block 930) .
  • the UE may transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule, as described above in connection with Figs. 5-7.
  • the plurality of communications include a plurality of heartbeat messages. In some aspects, the plurality of communications are piggybacked in a signaling message. In some aspects, the signaling message is at least one of a non-access stratum message, a radio resource control message, or a tracking area update message. In some aspects, an information element in the signaling message corresponds to an application of the plurality of applications.
  • the transmission schedule aligns transmission of the plurality of communications with an on duration of the wakeup cycle.
  • at least one application of the plurality of applications is in a sleep state when the plurality of communications are transmitted.
  • the plurality of delay tolerance parameters indicate at least one of: a period for periodic transmission of a communication of the plurality of communications, a permitted modification to the period, a quality of service parameter for transmission of the communication, or some combination thereof.
  • the plurality of communications are aggregated and transmitted by a synchronization module of the UE.
  • the plurality of applications register with the synchronization module.
  • the plurality of applications indicate the plurality of delay tolerance parameters to the synchronization module.
  • the plurality of communications are transmitted to a corresponding plurality of destinations indicated to the synchronization module by the plurality of applications.
  • the plurality of communications are transmitted using at least one of a plurality of encryption keys or a plurality of encryption algorithms indicated to the synchronization module by the plurality of applications.
  • the transmission schedule is reconfigured based at least in part on deregistration of one or more of the plurality of applications with the synchronization module.
  • the plurality of communications are transmitted by the corresponding plurality of applications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • the plurality of applications receive at least a portion of the transmission schedule based at least in part on registering with a synchronization module of the UE.
  • the transmission schedule is reconfigured based at least in part on deregistration of one or more of the plurality of applications with the synchronization module.
  • the UE may determine a plurality of quality of service parameters for the plurality of communications, may configure the transmission schedule for synchronizing transmission of the plurality of communications based at least in part on the plurality of quality of service parameters and the wakeup cycle, and may transmit the plurality of communications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • the plurality of communications include a plurality of data communications, and the plurality of data communications are aggregated and transmitted by a synchronization module of the UE.
  • the plurality of communications include a plurality of data communications, and the plurality of data communications are transmitted by the corresponding plurality of applications based at least in part on the transmission schedule.
  • process 900 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 9. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 900 may be performed in parallel.
  • Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1000 performed, for example, by a UE, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Example process 1000 is an example where a UE (e.g., UE 120, UE 505, UE 605, UE 705, UE 805, and/or the like) communicates with a server that transmits communications on behalf of one or more applications of the UE.
  • a UE e.g., UE 120, UE 505, UE 605, UE 705, UE 805, and/or the like
  • a server that transmits communications on behalf of one or more applications of the UE.
  • process 1000 may include receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a UE (block 1010) .
  • the UE may receive registration information, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • the registration information may be associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of the UE.
  • process 1000 may include determining that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information (block 1020) .
  • the UE may determine that the one or more applications are active based at least in part on receiving the registration information, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • process 1000 may include transmitting an indication that the one or more applications are active using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message (block 1030) .
  • the UE may transmit an indication that the one or more applications are active, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • the UE may transmit the indication using one or more corresponding information elements in a signaling message.
  • the one or more communications include one or more heartbeat messages.
  • the signaling message is at least one of a non-access stratum message, a radio resource control message, or a tracking area update message.
  • the registration information indicates at least one of: a period for periodic transmission of a communication of the one or more communications, an encryption key associated with an application of the one or more applications, an encryption algorithm associated with the application, a target address of a destination to which the communication is to be transmitted, or some combination thereof.
  • the indication is transmitted to a server that generates the one or more communications and transmits the one or more communications to one or more corresponding destinations on behalf of the one or more applications.
  • the one or more applications are in a sleep state when the indication is transmitted.
  • the UE may receive an indication that an application, of the one or more applications, is inactive, and may transmit an indication that the application is inactive using a corresponding information element in another signaling message.
  • process 1000 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 10. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1000 may be performed in parallel.
  • Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, by a server, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • Example process 1100 is an example where a server (e.g., server 150, server 815, and/or the like) transmits communications on behalf of one or more applications of a UE.
  • a server e.g., server 150, server 815, and/or the like
  • process 1100 may include receiving registration information associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a user equipment (block 1110) .
  • the server may receive registration information from a UE, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • the registration information may be associated with transmission of one or more communications corresponding to one or more applications of a UE.
  • process 1100 may include receiving a signaling message that includes one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the user equipment, are active (block 1120) .
  • the server may receive a signaling message from a UE, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • the signaling message may include one or more information elements indicating that one or more corresponding applications, of the one or more applications of the UE, are active.
  • process 1100 may include transmitting the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active (block 1130) .
  • the server may transmit the one or more communications on behalf of the one or more corresponding applications, as described above in connection with Figs. 8A and 8B.
  • the server may transmit the one or more communications based at least in part on the registration information and the signaling message that indicates that the one or more corresponding applications are active.
  • a communication, of the one or more communications is periodically transmitted until an indication is received that an application, corresponding to the communication, is inactive.
  • the one or more communications include one or more heartbeat messages.
  • the signaling message is at least one of a non-access stratum message, a radio resource control message, or a tracking area update message.
  • the registration information indicates at least one of: a period for periodic transmission of a communication of the one or more communications, an encryption key associated with an application of the one or more applications, an encryption algorithm associated with the application, a target address of a destination to which the communication is to be transmitted, or some combination thereof.
  • the server may receive another signaling message that includes an information element indicating that an application, of the one or more corresponding applications, is inactive, and may prevent transmission of a subsequent communication on behalf of the application based at least in part on the indication that the application is inactive.
  • process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
  • the term component is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.
  • a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software.
  • satisfying a threshold may refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, and/or the like.
  • “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Selon certains aspects, la présente invention se rapporte de manière générale à une communication sans fil. Selon certains aspects, l'invention concerne un équipement utilisateur (UE) pouvant déterminer une pluralité de paramètres de tolérance au retard pour une pluralité de communications correspondant à une pluralité d'applications de l'UE. L'UE peut configurer un calendrier de transmission pour synchroniser la transmission de la pluralité de communications sur la base, au moins en partie, de la pluralité de paramètres de tolérance au retard et d'un cycle de réveil de l'UE. L'UE peut transmettre la pluralité de communications sur la base, au moins en partie, du calendrier de transmission. L'invention concerne également de nombreux autres aspects.
PCT/CN2017/089519 2017-06-22 2017-06-22 Techniques et appareils pour synchroniser la transmission de communications à partir de multiples applications WO2018232685A1 (fr)

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CN102917123A (zh) * 2012-09-27 2013-02-06 东莞宇龙通信科技有限公司 移动终端和用于移动终端的休眠处理方法
US20140269469A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. High power channel state notification for mobile applications
US20140286256A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-09-25 Altiostar Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for scheduling of data packets based on delay tolerance of applications
US20150043335A1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Citrix Systems, Inc. High performance quality-of-service packet scheduling for multiple packet processing engines

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110280140A1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2011-11-17 Tom Chin Alternate Transmission Scheme for High Speed Packet Access (HSPA)
CN102917123A (zh) * 2012-09-27 2013-02-06 东莞宇龙通信科技有限公司 移动终端和用于移动终端的休眠处理方法
US20140269469A1 (en) * 2013-03-14 2014-09-18 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. High power channel state notification for mobile applications
US20140286256A1 (en) * 2013-03-25 2014-09-25 Altiostar Networks, Inc. Systems and methods for scheduling of data packets based on delay tolerance of applications
US20150043335A1 (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Citrix Systems, Inc. High performance quality-of-service packet scheduling for multiple packet processing engines

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