WO2018210747A1 - Procédé de détection de défaillances dans un ensemble d'une multitude de composants électriques - Google Patents

Procédé de détection de défaillances dans un ensemble d'une multitude de composants électriques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018210747A1
WO2018210747A1 PCT/EP2018/062372 EP2018062372W WO2018210747A1 WO 2018210747 A1 WO2018210747 A1 WO 2018210747A1 EP 2018062372 W EP2018062372 W EP 2018062372W WO 2018210747 A1 WO2018210747 A1 WO 2018210747A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
detection
signal
detection line
electrical components
detection lines
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PCT/EP2018/062372
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marcus Knips
Jan Gottschlich
Dirk Uwe Sauer
Original Assignee
Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (Rwth) Aachen
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Publication of WO2018210747A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018210747A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
    • G05B19/0428—Safety, monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
    • G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
    • G05B19/05—Programmable logic controllers, e.g. simulating logic interconnections of signals according to ladder diagrams or function charts
    • G05B19/058—Safety, monitoring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B9/00—Safety arrangements
    • G05B9/02—Safety arrangements electric
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/10—Plc systems
    • G05B2219/14—Plc safety
    • G05B2219/14077—Detect difference in signal between identical channels, if plausible
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/10—Plc systems
    • G05B2219/14—Plc safety
    • G05B2219/14114—Integrity, error detector, switch off controller, fail safe
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/10—Plc systems
    • G05B2219/15—Plc structure of the system
    • G05B2219/15037—Fail safe communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/20—Pc systems
    • G05B2219/24—Pc safety
    • G05B2219/24208—Go into safety mode if communications are interrupted

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the detection of disturbances in an arrangement of electrical components.
  • Machines and systems regularly have safety systems for emergency shutdown, for example.
  • safety systems in the event of a fault, machines and systems can be shut down, shut down or adjusted at least to the extent that there is no danger to people after the safety system has been triggered and / or damage to objects is avoided.
  • a common interlocking line connects various components of one or more machines or a system.
  • such components are connected to the common interlocking line, which can detect a malfunction of the machine or system and / or shut down in case of failure.
  • an emergency stop switch a motor control for a saw blade and sensors for detecting critical operating states can be connected to a common interlocking line. If the emergency stop switch is actuated and / or a fault is detected by a sensor, the motor for the saw blade can be stopped and the machine can be brought to a safe state.
  • the example of the saw serves merely to explain the operating principle of an interlocking line. Interlocking lines are also used for much larger machines and systems.
  • security systems are known in which various sensors, which are connected to various control devices of a machine monitor the machine.
  • sensors detect particularly critical conditions
  • the control unit is additionally connected to the interlocking line. If a sensor detects a critical condition of the machine, it disconnects the interlocking line.
  • the other subscribers on the interlocking line if they have an executive function, recognize the signal changed by disconnecting the interlocking line and assume a safe or adequate state. If a safety-related malfunction occurs in a machine or system, then the machine or system should first be shut down as described by the safety system.
  • the present invention relates to a method for the detection of disturbances in an arrangement of electrical components, which are connected to each other at least via a first detection line and a second detection line.
  • An electrical component in the sense of this description encompasses any electrical or electronic component or system.
  • the disturbances are detected on the basis of the condition of the detection lines.
  • the method comprises at least the following method steps:
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an arrangement of electrical components
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of a controller for detecting disturbances in the arrangement of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of an electrical component of Fig. 1; 4 shows a schematic representation of signal curves in detection lines of the arrangement from FIG. 1 in the case of an interruption of one of the detection lines; and
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of signal curves in the detection lines of the arrangement from FIG. 1 in the event of a short circuit of the detection lines.
  • a fault in an arrangement of a plurality of electrical components can be detected and the location of the fault can be detected. be specified. In this case, it is particularly easy to determine which of the components caused the fault.
  • the fact that faults can be detected is to be understood in particular such that a fault in one of the electrical components is detected by the electrical component itself, the presence of a fault being communicated via detection lines.
  • the detection lines are used to communicate a detected fault.
  • 1 shows an arrangement 1 of electrical components 2.
  • the electrical components 2 may be, for example, plugs, a high-voltage connector, an emergency stop switch, a measuring device or any other electrical device.
  • the electrical components 2 may in particular be part of an electrical system such as a production machine.
  • the entire assembly 1 is transferred to a secured position.
  • damage to the arrangement 1 and / or to the environment of the arrangement 1 in particular to people using the arrangement 1 and / or which are in the vicinity of the arrangement 1) can be minimized or even completely prevented
  • In the secured position of the arrangement 1 are preferably all or at least a predetermined group of electrical components 2 in a respective secured position.
  • the electrical components 2 may be switched off or de-energized in the secured position.
  • applied voltages are preferably reduced at least to the extent that damage to the arrangement 1 and / or to people due to these voltages is precluded.
  • the electrical components 2 are at least connected via a first detection line 3 and a second detection line 3. ons ein 4 interconnected.
  • a largely defined geometric relationship between the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 so that a largely defined line impedance (also called characteristic impedance) is present between the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4.
  • An example for the execution of the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 is a twisted pair wire (twisted pair).
  • a controller shown in FIG. 2) for detecting disturbances may be connected to the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the first and the second detection line 3, 4 are preferably arranged so that they each pass as a pair through each electrical component 2.
  • each of the two detection lines 3, 4 is preferably connected to each of the electrical components 2.
  • the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 are preferably connected to each other at a respective second end 39 via a terminal resistor 38, which preferably corresponds to the line impedance connected.
  • the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 are branches of a conductor loop. If the terminal resistance 38 is of the order of magnitude of the line impedance between the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4, there will be no or too little reflection of the signals caused by the detection signals 6, 7 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) on the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4.
  • Disturbances in the arrangement 1 can be detected in particular on the basis of the state of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • a disorder of the arrangement 1 may be in particular a disturbance of one or more of the electrical components 2.
  • an interruption of one or both of the detection lines 3, 4 and an electrical short circuit between the two detection lines 3, 4 and / or the detection lines 3, 4 each come with a common potential, such as example of grounding into consideration.
  • an interruption of a detection line is present at the point of interruption, an infinitely high electrical resistance.
  • An interruption can take place, in particular, by releasing a plug, opening a switch and / or by applying force to the detection lines 3, 4.
  • a negligibly small electrical resistance exists between the two detection lines at the short-circuit point.
  • a common reference potential for example grounding
  • one of the detection lines 3, 4 in the corresponding electrical component 2 can be interrupted, for example.
  • the two detection lines 3, 4 can be short-circuited in the corresponding electrical component 2.
  • the interruption or short-circuiting of the detection lines 3, 4 can be done manually, ie by a user, and / or automatically.
  • the actuation of an emergency stop switch (as one of the electrical components 2) can cause a manual interruption of one of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • an electrical switch such as a transistor and / or a relay interrupt one of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the electrical components 2 of the arrangement 1 are preferably made active. Active in this context means that in the presence of a fault in the corresponding electrical component 2, the entire arrangement is to be transferred to the secured state. This means in particular that the disturbance of the corresponding electrical component 2 can be detected via the detection lines 3, 4.
  • An active electrical component 2 can, in particular in the event of a fault, interrupt one of the detection lines 3, 4 or interrupt the detection process. Short circuits 3, 4. In this way, an active electrical component 2 can communicate the presence of a fault in this electrical component 2 via the detection lines 3, 4 to the entire assembly 1 or to the remaining electrical components 2.
  • An example of an active electrical component 2 is, in particular, an emergency stop switch, by the actuation of which the entire arrangement 1 comprising all electrical components 2 can be switched off.
  • the arrangement 1 may also comprise passive electrical components 2, wherein in an arrangement of several components 2 at least one active electrical component 2 is to be provided. Passive electrical components 2 are transferred only in the presence of a fault in one of the other electrical components 2 in the respective secured position.
  • the presence of a disturbance in a passive electrical component 2 is in particular not detectable via the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the detection lines 3, 4 in the passive electrical components 2 can not be interrupted.
  • An example of a passive electrical component 2 is in particular a plug, via which two electrical components 2 are connected to one another.
  • the plug can in particular be designed so that the plug can not interrupt the detection lines 3, 4 itself, wherein the detection lines 3, 4 but can be interrupted by pulling out the plug.
  • the electrical components 2 connected in this way can in particular be separated from one another.
  • the elements connected via the plug which may also be electrical components 2 of the described arrangement 1, can each be designed as active electrical components 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a controller for detecting faults in the arrangement 1.
  • the controller is connected to the first ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the control comprises a signal source 18, via which detection signals 6, 7 (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5) can be introduced into the detection lines 3, 4.
  • detection signal The detection signals 6, 7 may also be referred to as source signals.
  • Potentials 8, 9 in the detection lines 3, 4 may be detected by a measuring device 19 at the first end 5 of the detection lines 3 4.
  • Detection can be carried out via the potentials 8, 9, for the purpose of which the detection signals 6, 7 were generated,
  • the measuring device 19 can already process the potentials 8, 9 into a signal in which the position of a Insofar, the measuring device 19 can also be described in such a way that the measuring device 19 directly generates this signal, whereby data or information obtained can be processed via an inverter 32 and / or an integrator 33.
  • the inverter 32 is preferably only in the case a short circuit of the detection lines 3, 4 is used and not in the event of an interruption of the detection lines 3, 4. Zur Implementation of the described method, the controller also has a control unit 20 which is connected to the signal source 18, the inverter 32 and the integrator 33.
  • FIG. 3 shows one of the electrical components 2 from FIGS. 1 and 2 in more detail.
  • the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 run through the electrical component 2.
  • the electrical component 2 has connections 34, to which the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 can be connected.
  • the electrical component 2 shown is an active electrical component 2. If there is a fault in the active electrical component 2 shown, the first detection line 3 or / and the second detection line 4 can be opened by opening a first switch 22, which operates without interference Operation is closed, interrupted. In the example shown, the first detection line 3 can be interrupted. The opening of the first switch 22 may in particular (automated) by a control 35 are triggered.
  • the control element 35 may in particular comprise an electrical circuit, via which a function of the electrical component 2 is monitored.
  • a signal for opening the first switch 22 to the first switch 22 and to an adjusting device for switching the first switch 22 may be issued by the electrical circuit.
  • the fault detected in the electrical component 2 can be detected via the detection lines 3, 4 from the controller (shown in FIG. 2).
  • the switch 22 In the de-energized state, the switch 22 is opened, so that in the event of a fault in the power supply of the electrical component 2 or an error in the control element 35 one of the detection lines 3, 4 is interrupted and thus a malfunction is displayed.
  • the illustrated electrical component 2 has a short-circuit element 21.
  • the short-circuit element 21 is optional. Via the short-circuit element 21, the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 can be short-circuited.
  • the short-circuit element 21 has a second switch 23 and, in parallel thereto, a bandpass filter 24. If an alternating signal having a specific predefined frequency is present between the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4, then the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4 are short-circuited via the second switch 23. This is done in particular by closing the (in normal operation of the electrical component 2 open) second switch 23 through the bandpass filter 24.
  • the bandpass filter 24 may be designed such that this without the help of the second switch 23, the detection line 3 and 4 low impedance connects or short circuits.
  • the frequency-dependent short-circuiting of the detection lines 3, 4, as described below in connection with Figures 4 and 5, allow the identification of the electrical components 2.
  • the short-circuit element 21 can also be designed in any other way, so that the described functionality is achieved. It is also kart that the second switch 23 is connected to the control element 35, so that a fault can be detected by the fact that the detection lines 3, 4 are short-circuited to each other via the second switch 23.
  • the electrical component 2 has a detection element 36. Also, the detection element 36 is optional.
  • All electrical components 2, which have no direct actuators for producing a safe state and for which the current state of the detection lines 3, 4 is not of interest preferably have no detection element 36 the detection element 36, the state of the detection lines 3, 4 are detected. If a fault is detected in the arrangement 1 (ie in one or more of the electrical components 2), the electrical component 2 shown here can be transferred to the respective secured position.
  • the detection element 36 is preferably connected to the control element 35.
  • the illustrated electrical component 2 is designed as an active electrical component 2.
  • a passive electrical component 2 in particular would not have the first switch 22.
  • FIG. 4 relates to the case where one or both of the detection lines 3, 4 are interrupted, and FIG. 5 to the case that the two detection lines 3, 4 are short-circuited. Both FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show several time profiles of voltages. A time axis 25 points to the right and a voltage axis 37 upwards.
  • step a) of the described method a first detection signal 6 is introduced into a first end 5 of the first detection line 3 and a second detection signal 7 is introduced into a first end 5 of the second detection line 4.
  • the detection lines 3, 4 have two ends, wherein the detection signals 3, 4 are initiated at the end designated here as the first end 5.
  • the detection lines 3, 4 are preferably connected to one another via a terminal resistor 38.
  • the first detection signal 6 and the second detection signal 7 are preferably pulsed voltage signals.
  • the first detection signal 6 and the second detection signal 7 are rectangular voltage signals.
  • the detection signals 6, 7 may have bevelled edges, which may facilitate the generation of the detection signals 6, 7.
  • the courses of the detection signals 6, 7 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 are voltages generated with the signal source 18 (shown in FIG. 2) with respect to a reference potential (for example ground).
  • the detection signals 6, 7 shown relate to a position in front of an internal resistance of the signal source 18. This means that the internal resistance of the signal source 18 lies between the detection lines 3, 4 and this point.
  • the detection signals 6, 7 are the voltage signals which are introduced via the internal resistance of the signal source 18 into the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the detection signals 6, 7 are still uninfluenced by the state of the detection lines 3, 4 in the form shown. Consequently, the detection signals 3, 4 shown remain unchanged, in particular, when a fault occurs in the arrangement 1.
  • the first detection signal 6 and the second detection signal 7 preferably together form a differential signal.
  • the first detection signal 6 and the second detection signal 7 are preferably fed in time so that the two detection signals 6, 7 together are a differential signal. nal symmetrically about a reference potential (ie to an average of the individual signals) is.
  • step b) of the described method a difference signal 10 between a first potential 8 at the first end 5 of the first detection line 3 and a second potential 9 at the first end 5 of the second detection line 4 is determined.
  • the difference signal 10 is to be understood in particular that the difference of the potentials 8, 9 is detected.
  • the measuring device 19 detects the signal present between the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the potentials 8, 9 can also be measured individually and the difference signal 10 can be calculated as the difference between the potentials 8, 9. If there is no disturbance in the arrangement 1, the potentials 8, 9 correspond to the detection signals 6, 7 (the course after, not the amount). However, if there is a fault, this can be recognized at the potentials 8, 9 (while the Detection signals 6, 7 in the case other than the potentials 8, 9 are unaffected by the disturbance).
  • the deviation of the potentials 8, 9 from the detection signals 6, 7 is due in particular to the fact that the potentials 8, 9 are considered behind the internal resistance of the signal source 18.
  • the detection lines 3, 4 are preferably terminated at their second end 39 opposite the first end 5 with the characteristic impedance of the detection lines 3, 4. Since such a reflection at the second end 39 of the detection lines 3, 4 fails, the signal on the detection lines 3, 4 corresponds to the detection signals 6, 7 with half amplitude, because the internal resistance and the characteristic impedance form a voltage divider with ratio l A. If the terminal resistor 38 at the second end 39 of the detection line 3, 4 and the characteristic impedance of the detection line 3, 4 deviate slightly from one another, then the signal on the detection lines 3, 4 largely corresponds to the detection signals 6, 7 with substantially half the amplitude.
  • FIG. 4 shows the course of the potentials 8, 9 in the event that one of the detection lines 3, 4 is interrupted.
  • the interruption of the detection lines 3, 4 in particular to plateaus between a first time 26 and a second time 27, between a third time 28 and a fourth Time 29 and between a fifth time 30 and a sixth time 31 leads.
  • These time segments are referred to as first time segments 16.
  • the remaining time segments are referred to as second time segments 17.
  • the plateaus of the first time sections 16 are not included in the detection signals 6, 7 and result from the interruption of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • This can be explained by the fact that the internal resistance of the signal source 18 and the line wave resistance of the detection lines 3, 4 are regarded as a voltage divider become. A part of the voltage therefore drops above the internal resistance of the signal source 18 and the remaining part as the potential 8, 9.
  • the potentials 8, 9 present behind the internal resistance of the signal source 18 correspond in magnitude the proportion of Detektionssig- 6, 7 introduced into the detection lines 3, 4, which does not fall above the internal resistance. It is preferred that the characteristic impedance of the detection lines 3, 4 and the internal resistance of the signal source 18 are adapted to each other (ie in particular equal in magnitude).
  • This preferably relates to the differential signal, which is also passed through this line. This means that the introduced and reflected signals at the first ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 each overlap constructively, ie add up. If both the introduced signal and the reflected signal are present at the same time, the potential 8, 9 will be twice the value of the signal passing through the detection lines 3, 4 in one direction (if the internal resistance and the line impedance are the same in advance).
  • the time profile of the potentials 8, 9 shown in FIG. 4 can be explained by the transit time of the signals through the detection lines 3, 4.
  • the first potential 8 present at the first end 5 of the first detection line 3 is at the value that is is present without reflected signal until the reflected signal to the point of interruption and from there to the first end 5 has gone back.
  • the reflected signal reaches the first end 5 in this example at the second time 27.
  • the first potential 8 is thus at twice the value (or a maximum value which may be less than twice).
  • the pulse of the detection signal 3 ends. From the third point in time 28, the first potential 8 is again present only at half the value, because only the reflected signal reaches the first end 5.
  • the reflected signal no longer reaches the first end 5, so that the first potential 8 reaches its full potential. constantly drops. Subsequently, the process described is repeated.
  • the fifth time 30 and the sixth time 31 what has been said for the first time 26 and the second time 27 applies correspondingly.
  • the second detection signal 4 and the second potential 9 what has been said for the first detection signal 3 or for the first potential 8 is correspondingly shifted, but shifted by half a period.
  • FIG. 5 shows the profile of the potentials 8, 9 for the case in which the two detection lines 3, 4 are short-circuited.
  • the short circuit occurs between the first detection line 3 and the second detection line 4.
  • the transit time of the signals from the first ends 5 the detection lines 3, 4 to the fault point, ie to the point of interruption or to the short circuit point, and back to the first ends 5 are determined.
  • the first time periods 16 correspond to twice the transit time of the signal from the first ends 5 to the fault location, so that the distance of the fault location from the first ends 5, measured along the detection lines 3, 4, can be calculated. The distance in one length can be obtained knowing the speed of the signals. Alternatively, for many applications it may be sufficient to specify the distance as a runtime. A comparison of FIGS.
  • step c) of the described method it is monitored whether the difference signal 10 determined in step b) has a characteristic to be expected in the event of a fault.
  • the course of the difference signal 10 present in the event of a fault is in particular that shown in FIG. 4 (when the detection lines 3, 4 are interrupted) or that shown in FIG. 5 (in the case of a short circuit of the detection lines 3, 4).
  • the distance between a fault location and the first ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 can be determined.
  • an evaluation signal 11 is generated from the difference signal 10 determined in step b).
  • the evaluation signal 1 1 is preferably defined such that the length of the first time sections 16 is particularly easy to read from the evaluation signal 11.
  • the evaluation signal 11 is set to a first value 13, as far as the difference signal 10 assumes a presettable value 15 and, moreover, is set to a second value 14.
  • the second value 14 is zero and the first value 13 is a nonzero value (which may be considered a logical one).
  • the height of the first value 13 is irrelevant and is preferably chosen such that a particularly simple processing of the evaluation signal 11 can take place.
  • the information content of the evaluation signal 11 is inverted to the information content of the evaluation signal 11 in the case of an interrupted detection line 3, 4.
  • the second value 14 contains the length information between the first end 5 and the short circuit of the detection lines 3. 4.
  • the evaluation signal 11 can be generated in particular with the measuring device 19 shown in FIG.
  • the measuring device 19 preferably comprises at least one phase detector.
  • the phase detector preferably has a plurality of comparators which compare the difference signal 10 with respective reference potentials.
  • the comparison reference potentials can be formed in particular by means of a two-stage voltage divider from the difference of the potentials 6, 7. From the signals obtained with the comparators, the evaluation signal 11 can be generated with an XOR antivalctor.
  • a comparison of the evaluation signal 11 in FIGS. 4 and 5 shows that the evaluation signal 11 is inverted in the case of a short circuit of the detection lines 3, 4 (FIG. 5) in the case of an interruption of the detection lines 3, 4 (FIG. 4). This means that the evaluation signal 11 assumes the second value 14 instead of the first value 13 and vice versa. Consequently, it can also be recognized at the evaluation signal 11 whether there is a short circuit or an interruption of the detection lines 3, 4.
  • a fault is preferably identified in step c) as a short circuit of the detection lines 3, 4 if the evaluation signal 11 assumes the first value 13 for at least a time period that is longer than a predefinable limit value.
  • the predefinable limit value is preferably dimensioned such that the first time sections 16 can be distinguished from the second time sections 17. In the examples of FIGS. 4 and 5, the first time intervals 16 are significantly shorter than the second time intervals 17.
  • the detection signals 6, 7 are selected such that periods of the detection signals 6, 7 are sufficiently large, so that the first time sections 16 do not overlap. In particular, it is preferred that the detection signals 6, 7 are selected with a period that is large in comparison to a transit time of the signals from the first ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 to a possible fault location and back.
  • the fault is preferably identified as an interruption of at least one of the detection lines 3, 4. Both cases are distinguishable.
  • the evaluation signal 11 is further preferably integrated in step c) into an integrated evaluation signal 12 in such a way that a value of the integrated evaluation signal 12 at least in sections encodes a signal propagation time between the first ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 and a fault location.
  • the integration of the evaluation signal 11 can be carried out in particular with the integrator 33 shown in FIG.
  • the integrator 33 preferably comprises at least one capacitor with damping resistor fed with current sources.
  • the duration of the first time sections 16 can be read from the amount of the integrated evaluation signal 12.
  • the distance of the fault point from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 can be determined from the amount of the integrated evaluation signal 12. This applies at least in sections, at least for certain periods of time. In FIGS. 4 and 5, these time periods are between the second time 27 and the third time 28 as well as after the sixth time 31.
  • the evaluation signal 11 is preferably inverted prior to integration by interchanging the first value 13 and the second value 14. This can be achieved, in particular, by using as a condition for inverting the fact that the evaluation signal 11 is set to the first value 13 without inversion for at least a time period that is longer than a predefinable limit value.
  • the evaluation signal 11 is set to the first value 13 in the second time intervals 17.
  • the predefinable limit value is preferably selected between the expected length of the first time segments 16 and the second time segments 17. Consequently, the condition in Fig. 5 is satisfied, so that inversion occurs.
  • Inverting can be carried out in particular with the inverter 32 shown in FIG.
  • the evaluation signal 1 1 is preferably always logically zero.
  • it can be read on the integrated evaluation signal 12 whether the predefinable limit value has been exceeded. This can be done, in particular, by reaching a maximum value of the integrator 33 when the predefinable limit value is exceeded. If such a short circuit is identified, the evaluation signal 1 1 is inverted and integrated again.
  • it can be controlled via the control unit 20 whether an inversion takes place or not.
  • the control unit 20 can in particular monitor whether the predefinable limit value has been exceeded.
  • the inverter 32 may also be referred to as a guided inverter.
  • the same signal is integrated after the optional integration, so that the integrated evaluation signal 12 in FIGS. 4 and 5 is identical.
  • the transit time of the signal can be determined accordingly. the.
  • the distance of the fault location from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 can be determined from the integrated evaluation signal 12. If it is known at which distance the individual electrical components 2 are located from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4, a detected fault can be assigned to one of the electrical components 2.
  • the removal of the individual electrical components 2 from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 can be done by a simple distance measurement, for example with a tape measure.
  • a simple distance measurement for example with a tape measure.
  • arrangements 1 of electrical components 2 in which the positions of the electrical components 2 are variable, but this can be time consuming.
  • an initialization is performed before step a).
  • an initialization is always carried out whenever the position of one or more of the electrical components 2 has changed.
  • it is automatically determined at which distance from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 the individual electrical components 2 are arranged. This can be done for a part of the electrical components or for all electrical components 2. If a fault is subsequently detected, it can be detected by comparing the distance for the interference from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 with the distances determined for the electrical components 2 during the initialization, in which case the electrical components 2 have the fault.
  • the knowledge in which the electrical components 2 the disorder is present in particular can greatly facilitate the elimination of the disturbance and thus save a lot of time and costs.
  • an alternating signal is preferably applied between the two detection lines 3, 4.
  • the electrical components 2 preferably each have a short-circuit element 21, via which the detection lines 3, 4 can be shorted together.
  • Each electrical component 2 is associated with a respective characteristic frequency. It is also possible to assign groups of electrical components 2 (which belong, for example, to a same type of component) to a respective frequency range, the elements of the group having their own respective frequency. The assignment of the characteristic frequencies can be carried out in particular by the execution of the respective short-circuit elements 21 and in particular the bandpass filter 24 provided therein. If, in the alternating signal applied between the detection lines 3, 4, the frequency is changed, the distance to the ends 5 can be determined for each of the electrical components 2.
  • the distance between the first ends 5 and the short-circuit point can be removed be determined by the characteristic frequency identified electrical component 2.
  • the frequency of the alternating signal is preferably changed at least over the range in which the characteristic frequencies of the electrical components 2 lie.
  • the distances of the electrical components 2 determined during the initialization (or in another way) from the ends 5 of the detection lines 3, 4 are stored in the control unit 20 as a table in which the electrical components 2 are assigned a respective distance. The distance may be given in a unit length, but in particular also as a signal propagation time or as an amount of the integrated evaluation signal 12. If a fault is detected, it can be easily determined with the table from which electrical component 2 this emanates.
  • the detection preferably takes place via a corresponding software. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de détection de défaillances dans un ensemble (1) d'une multitude de composants (2) électriques qui sont reliés les uns aux autres au moins par l'intermédiaire d'une première ligne de détection (3) et d'une deuxième ligne de détection (4). Les défaillances sont détectées à l'aide de l'état électrique des lignes de détection (3, 4). Le procédé comprend au moins les étapes de procédé suivantes consistant à : a) introduire un premier signal de détection (6) dans une première extrémité (5) de la première ligne de détection (3) et un deuxième signal de détection (7) dans une première extrémité (5) de la deuxième ligne de détection (4) ; b) déterminer un signal différentiel (10) entre un premier potentiel (8) sur la première extrémité (5) de la première ligne de détection (3) et un deuxième potentiel (9) sur la première extrémité (5) de la deuxième ligne de détection (4) ; c) surveiller si le signal différentiel (10) formé à l'étape b) présente une évolution escomptée dans le cas d'une défaillance.
PCT/EP2018/062372 2017-05-15 2018-05-14 Procédé de détection de défaillances dans un ensemble d'une multitude de composants électriques WO2018210747A1 (fr)

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DE102017110484.4A DE102017110484A1 (de) 2017-05-15 2017-05-15 Verfahren zur Detektion von Störungen in einer Anordnung einer Mehrzahl von elektrischen Bauteilen
DE102017110484.4 2017-05-15

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WO2018210747A1 true WO2018210747A1 (fr) 2018-11-22

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5488306A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-01-30 International Business Machines Corp. Open and short fault detector for a differential interface
US20040090265A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Pravas Pradhan Failsafe differential amplifier circuit
DE102008002946A1 (de) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Lear Corporation Gmbh Verfahren zum Detektieren eines Fehlers auf einer Datenleitung
DE102010025675B3 (de) * 2010-06-25 2011-11-10 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltungsanordnung zum fehlersicheren Ein- und Ausschalten einer gefährlichen Anlage
EP2648053A1 (fr) * 2012-04-05 2013-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de gestion d'urgence et procédé associé
EP2950174A1 (fr) * 2014-05-26 2015-12-02 Sick Ag Méthode et appareil pour surveiller en toute sécurité l'état de deux dispositifs

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0410682D0 (en) * 2004-05-12 2004-06-16 Dkr Electrical Services Lancas Non contact cable testing
US7999668B2 (en) * 2008-11-17 2011-08-16 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Series interlock system with integrated ability to identify breached locations
DE102009012078A1 (de) * 2009-03-06 2010-09-09 Daimler Ag Vorrichtung zur Verteilung von elektrischer Energie und Verfahren zur Energieverteilungsüberwachung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5488306A (en) * 1994-05-31 1996-01-30 International Business Machines Corp. Open and short fault detector for a differential interface
US20040090265A1 (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-05-13 Pravas Pradhan Failsafe differential amplifier circuit
DE102008002946A1 (de) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Lear Corporation Gmbh Verfahren zum Detektieren eines Fehlers auf einer Datenleitung
DE102010025675B3 (de) * 2010-06-25 2011-11-10 Pilz Gmbh & Co. Kg Sicherheitsschaltungsanordnung zum fehlersicheren Ein- und Ausschalten einer gefährlichen Anlage
EP2648053A1 (fr) * 2012-04-05 2013-10-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de gestion d'urgence et procédé associé
EP2950174A1 (fr) * 2014-05-26 2015-12-02 Sick Ag Méthode et appareil pour surveiller en toute sécurité l'état de deux dispositifs

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