WO2018209945A1 - 有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法 - Google Patents

有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018209945A1
WO2018209945A1 PCT/CN2017/116503 CN2017116503W WO2018209945A1 WO 2018209945 A1 WO2018209945 A1 WO 2018209945A1 CN 2017116503 W CN2017116503 W CN 2017116503W WO 2018209945 A1 WO2018209945 A1 WO 2018209945A1
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Prior art keywords
fault
distribution network
test
short
simulation
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
龚冰
秦勇明
虞坚阳
陆政
朱海宇
王一平
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Changzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
Changzhou Power Supply Co of State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co Ltd
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
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Publication of WO2018209945A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018209945A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/26—Functional testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22—Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/26—Functional testing
    • G06F11/261—Functional testing by simulating additional hardware, e.g. fault simulation

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  • the invention relates to a test method for a distribution network feeder automation system, in particular to a distributed new energy access active distribution network feeder automatic system test method.
  • the feeder automation (FA) system is an important part of the distribution network automation system. Its stable and reliable operation is the key to guarantee the self-healing capability of the distribution network.
  • the main responsibility of the FA system is to automatically detect and handle faults in the event of a distribution network failure, complete fault location, isolation, and non-failure point recovery.
  • the FA test system needs to evaluate the indicators of the FA system, including: accuracy of fault location; load balance rate after fault recovery; resistance to abnormal disturbance; continuous fault handling capability.
  • the device for testing the FA system of the distribution network and its connection relationship with the distribution system FA system are shown in Fig. 1, wherein the power bus 1, the load switch 2, the tie switch 6 and the segment switch 7 are tested.
  • the primary device of the FA system the test device is composed of a PC with built-in simulation test software, a test electrical signal corresponding to the simulated fault information command sent by the PC, and sent to the FA system tester 4 and the simulation tester 4
  • the tested distribution network FA system is connected with the cable 5.
  • the FA system failure scenario is simulated by the built-in simulation test software of the PC 3, and the simulated fault information is sent to the tester 4 through the protocol, and the tester 4 corresponds accordingly.
  • a test electrical signal is generated and connected to the FA system via cable 5 to test the fault handling capabilities of the distribution network FA system.
  • the current FA test technology is usually based on single-supply open-loop operating conditions. It tests the FA system's fault handling capability by: 1) An overcurrent fault occurs at the analog loop power line exit (power bus 1 and fault between load switches 2) 2) Overcurrent fault occurs between the analog switches and the internal busbar of the substation (load switch 2, segment switch 7 or tie switch 6, fault occurs between segment switches 7); 3 when the analog operation mode changes (contact switch) Position change) Overcurrent fault occurs (the position of the contact switch 6 changes); 4 The simulation simulates an overcurrent fault at two different positions in succession; 5 An overcurrent fault occurs in the analog maintenance state (contact switch 6, segment switch 7 is the same) In the case of a sub-level); 6 an overcurrent fault occurs when the analog device is abnormal (load switch 2, tie switch 6, segment switch 7 has an abnormal signal).
  • the distribution network which has transformed the distribution network from a traditional single-supply main network into an active ring network composed of distributed energy and main networks.
  • the intermittent nature of distributed energy supply makes the distributed energy system change the working conditions of the distribution system online and offline.
  • the FA system including the main network and the distributed energy-driven microgrid needs to consider the trend of multi-power closed-loop operation. Distribution and closed loop short circuit current calculations.
  • the common FA system test device shown in Figure 1 uses a load distribution algorithm to search for loads from the branch line to the source and accumulate them to obtain the current injected by each node. When the line fails, the fault upstream node At the same time, the fault current is injected.
  • the fault simulation condition of the method is relatively simple.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an active distribution network feeder automation system test method for the problem in the prior art, so as to effectively test the feeder automation system of the active distribution network with distributed power access. Demand.
  • the test method of the active distribution network feeder automatic system of the present invention is implemented by a testing device, which comprises a PC, a tester and a connecting cable; the PC and the tester pass the set protocol Communication; the PC 3 described above includes a host, an input device for parameter and command input, and a display for providing an operation interface;
  • the host computer of the above PC has a simulation test system including a modeling unit, a case generation unit, a fault simulation unit, a communication module, a test report generation unit, a model database, a case database, and a simulation database; the test method includes the following steps:
  • Input the relevant parameters of the active distribution network of the feeder automation system to be tested through the input device of the PC, and model the active distribution network to be tested by using the modeling unit, including the switch in the active distribution network,
  • the basic model of load and busbar is established; for the distributed power supply, based on the short-circuit capacity and impedance characteristics, an ideal voltage source and an impedance connection alternative are used to establish the simulation model; the network topology model is established for the active distribution network, and the protocol channel model is established.
  • Various types of faults are set between various equipment nodes of the active distribution network to which the FA system belongs, based on the model database generated in step 1, using the operation interface, and the input device input through the PC includes setting the phase-to-phase short-circuit fault.
  • Customization or lively generation of conditions and rules for signal failures such as ground faults, setting abnormal faults, setting fault types and fault trigger times, setting short-circuit fault types, and phase and fault time limits;
  • the unit automatically generates or manually edits and customizes the test cases including the fault execution conditions, time, fault type and other information, and classifies all test cases into the case database; the test cases are presented in the form of a list on the operation interface;
  • test equipment connected to the active distribution network:
  • the PC 3 is electrically connected to the tester according to the set specifications; the tester 4 is electrically connected to the active distribution network through the connection cable 5;
  • the fault simulation unit calls the relevant information and parameters of the selected case from the case database to perform fault simulation calculation, and gives the short circuit of the corresponding simulation of the active distribution network.
  • the current and fault signals are sent to the tester via the communication module of the PC; the calculation result of the fault simulation unit is also included in the simulation database; wherein the fault simulation unit calculates the short-circuit current distribution by using the simplified short-circuit current calculation method of the distributed power source:
  • the distributed power supply connected to the distribution network is simulated by an ideal voltage source and an impedance connection; the active distribution network of the short-circuit fault is divided into a superposition of a normal condition and a fault state, and the normal component of the short-circuit current is sequentially calculated.
  • Fault component the current distribution of the line when short circuit is obtained after superposition, to simulate the short circuit fault condition of the distribution network with distributed power supply;
  • the tester receives the short-circuit current and fault simulation signal of the active distribution network sent by the PC according to the set protocol, generates the corresponding test electrical signal and inputs the active distribution network through the connection cable, and the FA system for the active distribution network.
  • the fault handling capability is tested; at the same time, the real-time data of the active distribution network is recovered in real time through the tester and uploaded to the fault simulation unit of the PC and classified into the simulation database; the operation interface displays the test data in real time;
  • test report generation unit of the PC After the test is completed, the test report generation unit of the PC generates a test report according to the test settings and test results, and gives the FA system of the active distribution network under test including fault location accuracy, fault recovery rate, anti-abnormal disturbance capability, and continuous fault. Corresponding assessment results including processing capability evaluation indicators.
  • the simplified short-circuit current calculation method of the distributed power supply adopted by the fault simulation unit in the above step 4 includes the following specific steps:
  • the first step is to form a node admittance matrix Y according to the current active power distribution network parameters
  • the power flow calculation is performed to obtain the normal component of the short circuit current
  • the third step is to search for the distributed power access point; and then update the node admittance matrix Y according to the current distributed power access point and its connection impedance value;
  • the fourth step is to decompose the node admittance matrix Y and calculate the node impedance matrix Z;
  • the short circuit impedance is determined according to the fault point, and the short circuit current fault component is calculated;
  • the fault component and the normal component are superimposed to obtain a short-circuit current calculation result that needs to be simulated.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of connection between a conventional FA system test device and a single power distribution network
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the FA system test device and the active distribution network used in the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the PC of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of fault current simulation analysis of an active distribution network according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart for calculating the short circuit current used in the present invention.
  • the connection relationship between the active distribution network FA system test device and the active distribution network is shown in Fig. 2, wherein the power bus 1, the load switch 2, the tie switch 6 and the segment switch 7 are once of the FA system being tested.
  • the equipment, the distributed power supply 8 is connected to the distribution network to form an active distribution network;
  • the PC of the test device 3 has built-in simulation test software.
  • the simulation test software built into the PC 3 simulates the active distribution network failure scenario, and The simulated fault information is sent to the tester 4 through the protocol, and the tester 4 generates a test electrical signal correspondingly and accesses the active distribution network through the connection cable 5 to test the FA system fault handling capability of the active distribution network.
  • the PC 3 includes a host, an input device (such as a keyboard) for parameter and command input, and a display for providing an operation interface; the host of the PC 3 has a built-in modeling unit, a case generation unit, and a fault simulation.
  • a simulation test system of functional modules such as a unit, a communication module, a test report generation unit, a model database, a case database, and a simulation database; the PC 3 communicates with the tester 4 through a set protocol through a communication module of its host.
  • System modeling input the relevant parameters of the active distribution network of the feeder automation system to be tested through the input device of the PC, and model the active distribution network to be tested by using the built-in modeling unit of the PC host. Including the basic model of the switch, load and busbar; for the distributed power supply, based on the short-circuit capacity and impedance characteristics, an ideal voltage source and an impedance connection method are used to establish the simulation model; at the same time, the network topology model and protocol of the active distribution network are established. The channel model; the model is classified into the model database; the active power distribution network structure and equipment are parameterized by system modeling for simulation processing.
  • the device inputs the custom or vividly generated conditions and rules;
  • the conditions generated by the input case include: setting phase-to-phase short-circuit fault and ground fault, setting abnormal signal such as abnormal blocking, setting fault type and fault triggering time, setting the type of short-circuit fault, and phase And the time limit of the fault, etc.;
  • the case generation unit built into the PC 3 automatically generates or manually edits the custom test case including the fault execution condition, time, fault type and other information, and classifies all the test cases into the case database.
  • Test cases are presented in the form of a list on the operator interface for the user to choose to execute.
  • test equipment connected to the active distribution network:
  • the PC 3 is electrically connected to the tester according to the set specifications; the tester 4 is electrically connected to the active distribution network via the connection cable 5.
  • the user selects the test case that needs to be currently executed through the input device of the PC 3 in the test case listed on the operation interface, and the fault simulation unit calls the relevant information and parameters of the selected case from the case database to perform fault simulation calculation, and gives The short-circuit current and fault signal corresponding to the simulation of the active distribution network are sent to the tester via the communication module of the PC 3; the calculation result of the fault simulation unit is also included in the simulation database.
  • a short-circuit fault occurs at the fault point 1 in FIG. 4, and the power bus 1 and the distributed power source 8 both go to the fault point 1 Injecting a short-circuit current; the magnitude of the short-circuit current of the load switch 2 depends on the short-circuit capacity of the power bus 1; the short-circuit current of the segment switch 7 depends on the short-circuit capacity of the distributed power source 8, and the short-circuit current direction is 1 ⁇ 2, 8 ⁇ 7;
  • the short-circuit current flowing through the load switch 2 and the segment switch 7 is the same, depending on the short-circuit capacity of the bus power supply 1; and the short-circuit current flowing through the load switch 9 is the power bus 1 and the distributed power supply.
  • the sum of the short-circuit currents of 8 is 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 7 ⁇ 9,8 ⁇ 9.
  • the fault simulation unit calculates the fault current distribution by using the simplified short-circuit current calculation method of the distributed power source; the equivalent impedance of the distributed power source with different characteristics according to the distributed power source to the short-circuit current injection capacity
  • the size of the distributed power supply connected to the distribution network is simulated by an ideal voltage source and an impedance connection; then the short-circuit fault network is divided into a normal state and a fault state superposition, and the short-circuit current is calculated in turn.
  • the components and fault components are superimposed to obtain the current distribution of the line during short circuit to simulate the short circuit fault condition of the distribution network with distributed power supply.
  • the specific steps of the simplified short-circuit current calculation method taking into account the distributed power supply are:
  • the first step is to form a node admittance matrix Y according to the current active power distribution network parameters
  • the power flow calculation is performed to obtain the normal component of the short circuit current
  • the third step is to search for the distributed power access point; and then update the node admittance matrix Y according to the current distributed power access point and its connection impedance value;
  • the fourth step is to decompose the node admittance matrix Y and calculate the node impedance matrix Z;
  • the short circuit impedance is determined according to the fault point, and the short circuit current fault component is calculated;
  • the fault component and the normal component are superimposed to obtain a calculation result of the short-circuit current that needs to be simulated.
  • the tester 4 receives the short-circuit current of the active distribution network and the fault simulation signal sent by the PC 3 according to the set protocol, generates a corresponding test electrical signal and inputs the active distribution network through the connection cable 5, and the active distribution network
  • the FA system's fault handling capability is tested, and at the same time, the real-time data of the active distribution network is automatically uploaded to the fault simulation unit of the PC 3 through the tester and classified into the simulation database; the operation interface displays the test data in real time.
  • the test report generation unit of the PC 3 After the test is completed, the test report generation unit of the PC 3 generates a test report according to the test settings and the test results, and provides the fault location accuracy, the fault recovery rate, the anti-abnormal disturbance capability, and the FA system of the tested active distribution network. Corresponding evaluation results including continuous fault handling capability evaluation indicators.
  • the invention has a positive effect: the test method of the active distribution network feeder automatic system of the invention, which establishes a simulation model according to the short-circuit capacity and impedance characteristics of the distributed power source, and uses the ideal voltage for the distributed power supply of the distribution network.
  • the source is simulated with the impedance connected to the ideal voltage source.
  • the fault simulation unit calculates the fault current distribution by using the simplified short-circuit current calculation method of the distributed power source.
  • the short-circuit fault network is divided into the superposition of the normal condition and the fault state, and is calculated in turn.
  • the normal component and the fault component are superimposed to obtain the current distribution of the line when short-circuited, to simulate the short-circuit fault condition of the distribution network with distributed power supply, to give short-circuit current and fault signal, and to realize active power with distributed power access.
  • the feeder automation system of the distribution network is effectively tested.

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Abstract

一种有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，由包括PC机（3）、测试仪（4）和连接电缆（5）的测试装置实施，包括步骤：①系统建模；②生成测试案例；③测试装置接入有源配电网；④闭环故障仿真，其中采用计及分布式电源（8）的简化短路电流计算方法计算短路电流分布；⑤系统测试；⑥生成测试报告。通过对分布式电源（8）根据短路容量和阻抗特性建立仿真模型，将接入配电网的分布式电源（8）用理想电压源和与理想电压源相连接的阻抗来模拟，采用计及分布式电源（8）的简化短路电流计算方法计算故障电流分布，给出短路电流和故障信号，能够实现对具有分布式电源（8）接入的有源配电网的馈线自动化系统进行有效测试。

Description

有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及配电网馈线自动化系统的测试方法，具体涉及一种分布式新能源接入的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法。
背景技术
馈线自动化(FA)系统是配电网自动化系统的重要组成部分，其稳定可靠的运行是保障配电网故障自愈能力的关键。FA系统的主要职责是在配电网发生故障时自动检测和处理故障，完成故障定位、隔离和非故障点恢复供电。为保障FA系统的可靠运行，需要对FA系统的配置和现场运行进行全方位测试，以保证故障发生时FA系统能正确有效的进行故障处理。FA测试系统需要对FA系统的各项指标进行评估，包括：故障定位的准确性；故障恢复后的负载平衡率；抗异常扰动能力；连续故障处理能力等。通过测试可以得出FA系统配置是否合理、配电终端是否正常工作、系统能否满足处理多种故障的要求，根据测试结果修正FA系统的配置参数保证真实故障时系统按照既定方式进行故障处理。
目前，对配电网FA系统进行测试的装置及其与配电网FA系统的连接关系如图1所示，其中，电源母线1、负荷开关2、联络开关6和分段开关7为被测试的FA系统的一次设备，测试装置由内置仿真测试软件的PC机3、根据PC机所发的仿真故障信息指令相应产生测试电气信号并发送给FA系统的测试仪4以及将仿真测试仪4与被测配电网FA系统相连接的电缆5组成，测试时，通过PC机3内置的仿真测试软件模拟FA系统故障场景，并将仿真的故障信息通过规约发送到测试仪4，测试仪4相应产生测试电气信号并通过电缆5接入FA系统，以测试配电网FA系统的故障处理能力。目前的FA测试技术通常基于单电源开环运行条件，其通过以下方法测试FA系统的故障处理能力：①模拟环路电源线路出口发生过流故障(电源母线1，负荷开关2之间发生故障)；②模拟开关之间、配电站内部母线发生过流故障(负荷开关2，分段开关7或联络开关6，分段开关7之间发生故障)；③模拟运行方式变化情况下(联络开关位置变化)发生过流故障(联络开关6的位置发生变化)；④模拟连续两次在不同位置发生过流故障；⑤模拟检修状态下发生过流故障(联络开关6，分段开关7同为分的情况)；⑥模拟设备异常时发生过流故障(负荷开关2，联络开关6，分段开关7有异常信号)。
近年来，分布式能源大量接入配电网，使得配电网由传统的单电源主网变成由分布式能源和主网组成的有源环网。分布式能源供电的间歇性等特点使得分布式能源在线和离线时配电系统工况发生改变，测试包含主网和分布式能源驱动的微电网的FA系统，需要考虑多电源闭环运行时潮流的分布和闭环短路电流计算。目前常见的如图1所示的FA系统测试装置，其故障仿真采用负荷分配算法，从分支线往源端搜索负荷并累加，得到每个节点注入的电流，当线路故障时，将故障上游节点同时注入故障电流，该方法故障仿真的工况比较单一，本质上只能模拟开环运行的故障特性，不能有效满足分布式电源闭环运行时的故障仿真，因而，研究新的测试方法以满足分布式能源接入的有源配电网FA系统测试需求，是亟待解决的一个技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是：针对现有技术中的问题，提供一种有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，以满足对具有分布式电源接入的有源配电网的馈线自动化系统进行有效测试的需求。
本发明的技术方案是：本发明的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，由测试装置实施，上述的测试装置包括PC机、测试仪和连接电缆；PC机和测试仪通过设定的规约通信；上述的PC机3包括主机、用于参数和命令输入的输入设备和用于提供操作界面的显示器；其特征在于：
上述的PC机的主机内置有包括建模单元、案例生成单元、故障仿真单元、通信模块、测试报告生成单元、模型数据库、案例数据库和仿真数据库的仿真测试系统；测试方法包括以下步骤：
①系统建模：
通过PC机的输入设备，输入待测馈线自动化系统所属有源配电网的相关参数，利用建模单元对被测的有源配电网建模，包括对有源配电网中的开关、负荷、母线建立基本模型；对分布式电源根据短路容量和阻抗特性，采用一个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接替代方式建立仿真模型；对有源配电网建立网络拓扑模型，以及建立规约通道模型；所建模型归入模型数据库；
②生成测试案例：
在被测FA系统所属的有源配电网的各种设备节点之间设置各种类型故障，基于步骤①生成的模型数据库，利用操作界面配合，通过PC机的输入设备输入包括设置相间短路故障和接地故障、设置异常闭锁等信号故障、设置故障类型和故障触发时间、 设置短路故障的类型以及相别和故障时限在内的案例定制或生动生成条件和规则；通过PC机3内置的案例生成单元自动生成或手动编辑定制生成包含故障执行条件、时间、故障类型等信息在内的测试案例，并将所有测试案例归入案例数据库；测试案例以列表形式在操作界面呈现；
③测试装置接入有源配电网：
将PC机3依照设定的规定与测试仪电连接；将测试仪4通过连接电缆5与有源配电网电连接；
④闭环故障仿真：
在操作界面所列测试案例中，选定需要当前执行的测试案例，故障仿真单元从案例数据库中调用选定案例的相关信息和参数进行故障仿真计算，给出有源配电网相应仿真的短路电流和故障信号，经PC机的通信模块发送给测试仪；故障仿真单元的计算结果同时归入仿真数据库；其中，故障仿真单元采用计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方法计算短路电流分布：将接入配电网的分布式电源用一个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接来模拟；将短路故障的有源配电网络分为正常状况和故障状态的叠加，依次算出短路电流的正常分量和故障分量，叠加后得到短路时线路的电流分布，以模拟带分布式电源的配电网短路故障情况；
⑤系统测试：
测试仪按照设定的规约接收PC机发送的有源配电网短路电流和故障仿真信号，产生相应的测试电气信号并通过连接电缆输入有源配电网，对有源配电网的FA系统的故障处理能力进行测试；同时通过测试仪实时回采有源配电网实时数据并上传给PC机的故障仿真单元并归入仿真数据库；操作界面实时显示测试数据；
⑥生成测试报告：
测试完毕后，PC机的测试报告生成单元根据测试设定和测试结果生成测试报告，给出被测有源配电网FA系统包括故障定位准确性、故障恢复率、抗异常扰动能力、连续故障处理能力评价指标在内的相应评估结果。
进一步的方案是：上述的步骤④中故障仿真单元采用的计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方法，包括以下具体步骤：
第一步，根据当前有源配电网络参数，形成节点导纳矩阵Y；
第二步，进行潮流计算得到短路电流正常分量；
第三步，搜索分布式电源接入点；再按当前分布式电源的接入点及其连接阻抗值，更新节点导纳矩阵Y；
第四步，分解节点导纳矩阵Y，计算节点阻抗矩阵Z；
第五步，根据故障点确定短路阻抗，计算短路电流故障分量；
第六步，叠加故障分量和正常分量得到需要仿真的短路电流计算结果。
附图说明
图1为现有FA系统测试装置与单电源配电网连接示意图；
图2为本发明所采用的FA系统测试装置与有源配电网连接示意图；
图3为图2中PC机的一种结构示意图；
图4是本发明对有源配电网进行故障电流仿真分析示意图；
图5是本发明采用的短路电流计算流程图。
上述附图中的附图标记如下：
电源母线1，负荷开关2，PC机3，测试仪4，连接电线5，联络开关6，分段开关7，分布式能源8，负荷开关9。，
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
(实施例1)
见图2，本实施例的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，由测试装置实施，测试装置由PC机3、测试仪4和连接电缆5组成；PC机3和测试仪4通过设定的规约通信；测试仪4通过连接电缆5与有源配电网电连接。
有源配电网FA系统测试装置与有源配电网的连接关系如图2所示，其中，电源母线1、负荷开关2、联络开关6和分段开关7为被测试的FA系统的一次设备，分布式电源8接入配电网构成有源配电网；测试装置的PC机3内置仿真测试软件，测试时，PC机3内置的仿真测试软件模拟有源配电网故障场景，并将仿真的故障信息通过规约发送到测试仪4，测试仪4相应产生测试电气信号并通过连接电缆5接入有源配电网，对有源配电网的FA系统故障处理能力进行测试。
见图3，PC机3包括主机、用于参数和命令输入的输入设备(如键盘)和用于提供操作界面的显示器；PC机3的主机内置有包括建模单元、案例生成单元、故障仿真单元、通信模块、测试报告生成单元、模型数据库、案例数据库和仿真数据库等功能模块的仿真测试系统；PC机3通过其主机的通信模块与测试仪4通过设定的规约通信。
本实施例的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，包括以下步骤：
①系统建模：通过PC机的输入设备，输入待测馈线自动化系统所属有源配电网的相关参数，利用PC机主机内置的建模单元，对被测的有源配电网建模，包括对开关、负荷、母线建立基本模型；对分布式电源根据短路容量和阻抗特性，采用一个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接方式建立仿真模型；同时建立有源配电网的网络拓扑模型和规约通道模型；所建模型归入模型数据库；通过系统建模将有源配电网络结构和设备参数化以便进行仿真处理。
②生成测试案例：
针对被测FA系统所属的有源配电网，在有源配电网的各种设备节点之间设置各种类型故障，基于步骤①生成的模型数据库，利用操作界面配合，通过PC机的输入设备输入案例定制或生动生成的条件和规则；输入的案例生成的条件包括：设置相间短路故障和接地故障、设置异常闭锁等信号故障、设置故障类型和故障触发时间、设置短路故障的类型以及相别和故障时限等；通过PC机3内置的案例生成单元自动生成或手动编辑定制生成包含故障执行条件、时间、故障类型等信息在内的测试案例，并将所有测试案例归入案例数据库。测试案例以列表的形式在操作界面上呈现，供用户选择执行。
③测试装置接入有源配电网：
参见图2，将PC机3依照设定的规定与测试仪电连接；将测试仪4通过连接电缆5与有源配电网电连接。
④闭环故障仿真：
用户通过PC机3的输入设备，在操作界面上列表的测试案例中，选定需要当前执行的测试案例，故障仿真单元从案例数据库中调用选定案例的相关信息和参数进行故障仿真计算，给出有源配电网相应仿真的短路电流和故障信号，经PC机3的通信模块发送给测试仪；故障仿真单元的计算结果同时归入仿真数据库。
参见图4，本步骤中，对接入分布式电源时的故障电流分析方法举例说明：设图4中故障点1处发生短路故障，此时电源母线1与分布式电源8都往故障点1注入短路电流；负荷开关2的短路电流大小取决于电源母线1的短路容量；分段开关7的短路电流取决于分布式电源8的短路容量，短路电流方向为1→2，8→7；当故障点2处发生短路故障时，负荷开关2和分段开关7流过的短路电流相同，取决于母线电源1的短路容量；而负荷开关9流过的短路电流为电源母线1与分布式电源8的短路电流之和，短路电流方向为1→2→7→9，8→9。
参见图5，本步骤中，故障仿真单元采用计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方 法计算故障电流分布；根据分布式电源对短路电流注入容量的不同，不同特性的分布式电源的等值阻抗的大小也不同，将接入配电网的分布式电源用一个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接来模拟；然后将短路故障的网络分为正常状况和故障状态的叠加，依次算出短路电流的正常分量和故障分量，叠加后得到短路时线路的电流分布，以模拟带分布式电源的配电网短路故障情况。计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方法的具体步骤是：
第一步，根据当前有源配电网络参数，形成节点导纳矩阵Y；
第二步，进行潮流计算得到短路电流正常分量；
第三步，搜索分布式电源接入点；再按当前分布式电源的接入点及其连接阻抗值，更新节点导纳矩阵Y；
第四步，分解节点导纳矩阵Y，计算节点阻抗矩阵Z；
第五步，根据故障点确定短路阻抗，计算短路电流故障分量；
第六步，叠加故障分量和正常分量得到需要仿真的短路电流的计算结果。
⑤系统测试：
测试仪4按照设定的规约接收PC机3发送的有源配电网短路电流和故障仿真信号，产生相应的测试电气信号并通过连接电缆5输入有源配电网，对有源配电网FA系统的故障处理能力进行测试，并同时通过测试仪实时回采有源配电网实时数据上传给PC机3的故障仿真单元并归入仿真数据库；操作界面实时显示测试数据。
⑥生成测试报告：
测试完毕后，PC机3的测试报告生成单元根据测试设定和测试结果生成测试报告，给出被测有源配电网FA系统的包括故障定位准确性、故障恢复率、抗异常扰动能力、连续故障处理能力评价指标在内的相应评估结果。
以上实施例是对本发明的具体实施方式的说明，而非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变换和变化而得到相对应的等同的技术方案，因此所有等同的技术方案均应该归入本发明的专利保护范围。
工业应用性
本发明具有积极的效果：本发明的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，其通过对分布式电源根据短路容量和阻抗特性建立仿真模型，将接入配电网的分布式电源用理想电压源和与理想电压源相连接的阻抗来模拟，故障仿真单元采用计及分布式电源 的简化短路电流计算方法计算故障电流分布；将短路故障的网络分为正常状况和故障状态的叠加，依次算出正常分量和故障分量，叠加后得到短路时线路的电流分布，以模拟带分布式电源的配电网短路故障情况，给出短路电流和故障信号，能够实现对具有分布式电源接入的有源配电网的馈线自动化系统进行有效测试。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，由测试装置实施，所述的测试装置包括PC机、测试仪和连接电缆；PC机和测试仪通过设定的规约通信；所述的PC机3包括主机、用于参数和命令输入的输入设备和用于提供操作界面的显示器；其特征在于：
    所述的PC机的主机内置有包括建模单元、案例生成单元、故障仿真单元、通信模块、测试报告生成单元、模型数据库、案例数据库和仿真数据库的仿真测试系统；测试方法包括以下步骤：
    ①系统建模：
    通过PC机的输入设备，输入待测馈线自动化系统所属有源配电网的相关参数，利用建模单元对被测的有源配电网建模，包括对有源配电网中的开关、负荷、母线建立基本模型；对分布式电源根据短路容量和阻抗特性，采用一个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接替代方式建立仿真模型；对有源配电网建立网络拓扑模型，以及建立规约通道模型；所建模型归入模型数据库；
    ②生成测试案例：
    在被测FA系统所属的有源配电网的各种设备节点之间设置各种类型故障，基于步骤①生成的模型数据库，利用操作界面配合，通过PC机的输入设备输入包括设置相间短路故障和接地故障、设置异常闭锁等信号故障、设置故障类型和故障触发时间、设置短路故障的类型以及相别和故障时限在内的案例定制或生动生成条件和规则；通过PC机3内置的案例生成单元自动生成或手动编辑定制生成包含故障执行条件、时间、故障类型等信息在内的测试案例，并将所有测试案例归入案例数据库；测试案例以列表形式在操作界面呈现；
    ③测试装置接入有源配电网：
    将PC机3依照设定的规定与测试仪电连接；将测试仪4通过连接电缆5与有源配电网电连接；
    ④闭环故障仿真：
    在操作界面所列测试案例中，选定需要当前执行的测试案例，故障仿真单元从案例数据库中调用选定案例的相关信息和参数进行故障仿真计算，给出有源配电网相应仿真的短路电流和故障信号，经PC机的通信模块发送给测试仪；故障仿真单元的计算结果同时归入仿真数据库；其中，故障仿真单元采用计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方法计算短路电流分布：将接入配电网的分布式电源用一 个理想电压源和一个阻抗的连接来模拟；将短路故障的有源配电网络分为正常状况和故障状态的叠加，依次算出短路电流的正常分量和故障分量，叠加后得到短路时线路的电流分布，以模拟带分布式电源的配电网短路故障情况；
    ⑤系统测试：
    测试仪按照设定的规约接收PC机发送的有源配电网短路电流和故障仿真信号，产生相应的测试电气信号并通过连接电缆输入有源配电网，对有源配电网的FA系统的故障处理能力进行测试；同时通过测试仪实时回采有源配电网实时数据并上传给PC机的故障仿真单元并归入仿真数据库；操作界面实时显示测试数据；
    ⑥生成测试报告：
    测试完毕后，PC机的测试报告生成单元根据测试设定和测试结果生成测试报告，给出被测有源配电网FA系统包括故障定位准确性、故障恢复率、抗异常扰动能力、连续故障处理能力评价指标在内的相应评估结果。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的有源配电网馈线自动化系统测试方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤④中故障仿真单元采用的计及分布式电源的简化短路电流计算方法，包括以下具体步骤：
    第一步，根据当前有源配电网络参数，形成节点导纳矩阵Y；
    第二步，进行潮流计算得到短路电流正常分量；
    第三步，搜索分布式电源接入点；再按当前分布式电源的接入点及其连接阻抗值，更新节点导纳矩阵Y；
    第四步，分解节点导纳矩阵Y，计算节点阻抗矩阵Z；
    第五步，根据故障点确定短路阻抗，计算短路电流故障分量；
    第六步，叠加故障分量和正常分量得到需要仿真的短路电流计算结果。
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