WO2018207526A1

WO2018207526A1 - Structure abnormality detector

Info

Publication number: WO2018207526A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/014952
Authority: WO
Inventors: 隆史森本; 基広浅野; 都築　斉一; 裕晶鈴木; 輝夫日置; 任晃堀田; 明史土岐
Original assignee: コニカミノルタ株式会社; 千代田化工建設株式会社
Priority date: 2017-05-10
Filing date: 2018-04-09
Publication date: 2018-11-15
Also published as: JP2020115082A

Abstract

This structure abnormality detector comprises an imaging device and an evaluation processing device. The imaging device senses the presence of gas by imaging changes in incident light from a structure due to light absorption of gas that is present in a space. The evaluation processing device uses design information for the structure regarding sites where sight lines of the imaging device for gas detection locations on an imaging screen intersect with the structure, evaluates the possibility that a gas leak source is present in a site, and outputs site information for the structure on the basis of the evaluation results.

Description

Structure abnormality detection device

The present invention relates to a structure abnormality detection device, for example, a structure abnormality detection device that detects gas leakage from an image of a structure obtained by an infrared imaging device.

In structures such as gas plants, petrochemical plants, thermal power plants, and steelmaking facilities, a large amount of gas is handled during operation. In such facilities, the risk of gas leakage due to aging of the facility and operational mistakes is recognized, and in order to minimize gas leakage before reaching a major accident, a gas detection device using a detection probe is installed. Many are installed.

A gas detection device using a detection probe detects the presence of gas by utilizing the change in electrical characteristics of the probe caused by gas molecules coming into contact with the detection probe. For this reason, even if the gas leaks, the gas cannot be detected unless the gas molecules reach the detection probe. If gas detectors are arranged at high density throughout the facility, detection at a stage where gas leakage is relatively small becomes possible. However, the installation cost and the maintenance management cost are increased. Furthermore, when the gas is blown into the wind, etc., a large number of gas detection devices are issued all at once, and as a result, the true position of the leakage source becomes difficult to understand. In addition, when the gas detectors are arranged at a low density, they cannot be detected until the gas leakage scale becomes large, and the risk of accidents increases.

On the other hand, Patent Document 1 and the like propose a method using an infrared imaging device as another method for detecting the presence of gas. The method uses light radiation mainly in the infrared region from the background (called black body radiation emitted from any object) and light absorption characteristics of the gas in the infrared region. In other words, the gas is visualized and detected by utilizing the change in the amount of infrared light incident on the imaging device from the background due to the presence of the gas. According to this gas detection technology, a wide range of gas can be detected with a single detection device, so it is possible to detect gas without a large number of detection devices, and it is also possible to specify the location of gas leaks by techniques such as image analysis. is there.

JP 2006-30214 A

As described in Patent Document 1, if a gas leak is visualized two-dimensionally with an imaging device using infrared absorption by gas, the gas leak position can be specified on the imaging screen. However, since the location in the depth direction cannot be specified, it is difficult to instruct the worker of the work location when performing the gas leakage repair work, or the worker may be in danger.

The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a structure abnormality detection device capable of quickly specifying the position of a gas leakage source in a structure.

In order to achieve the above object, a structural abnormality detection device of the present invention is an imaging device that detects the presence of the gas by imaging a change in incident light from the structure accompanying light absorption of the gas present in the space. When,
For the point where the line of sight that the imaging device has on the gas detection location on the imaging screen and the structure intersect, the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the point is evaluated using the design information of the structure. , An evaluation processing device that outputs point information of the structure based on the evaluation result;
It is characterized by having.

According to the present invention, since the structure design information is used to evaluate the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the gas detection location, the position of the gas leakage source in the structure can be quickly identified. Is possible. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately and quickly instruct the worker about the work place, and to perform a gas leak repairing operation safely and in a short time.

The block diagram which shows 1st Embodiment of a structure abnormality detection apparatus. The block diagram which shows 2nd Embodiment of a structure abnormality detection apparatus. The block diagram which shows the structural example of the gas leak location candidate calculation part in 1st, 2nd embodiment. The flowchart which shows the whole process by 1st, 2nd embodiment. The flowchart which shows an example of an evaluation value calculation process (# 40 of FIG. 4). The schematic diagram for demonstrating the relationship between the eyes | visual_axis which a gas imaging device has with respect to the gas leak detection location on an imaging screen, and an actual gas leak location. The schematic diagram for demonstrating the relationship between the gas detection point on an imaging screen, and a gas leak location candidate point.

Hereinafter, a structure abnormality detection device and the like embodying the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, the same code | symbol is mutually attached | subjected to the part which is the same in each embodiment etc., and the corresponding part, and duplication description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show schematic configurations of the structure

abnormality detection devices

10A and 10B according to the first and second embodiments. The structure

abnormality detection devices

10A and 10B include a gas imaging device 1, an evaluation processing device 2, and an output device 3, and the evaluation processing device 2 includes a gas leakage location candidate calculation unit 4, an evaluation value calculation unit 5, and an output. The information generation unit 6 and the recording unit 7 are provided as functional blocks. In the recording unit 7, structure design information, structure environment information, and the like are stored as information to be input to the evaluation value calculation unit 5. In the structure abnormality detection device 10B, the chemical substance handled by the structure is stored. Information (gas list etc.) has been added.

The gas imaging device 1 is, for example, an infrared imaging device, and includes an imaging lens, a two-dimensional area sensor, a control circuit, and the like, as in a normal visible image imaging device, and converts incident light into an electrical signal. Output. The difference from the visible image capturing apparatus is the wavelength of light to be targeted, and the wavelength includes a wavelength band that is absorbed by the gas to be detected. A preferable target wavelength is an infrared region of 1 to 14 μm, and a more preferable target wavelength is an infrared region of 1 to 5 μm. Since many hydrocarbon gases absorb in these wavelength bands, it is possible to deal with most of the gases used by structures such as gas plants, petrochemical plants, thermal power plants, and steelmaking facilities. .

In order to cope with the above-mentioned wavelength band, an infrared transmitting material such as Si, Ge, chalcogenide, sapphire, ZnS, ZnSe is used as the lens material of the imaging lens, and an appropriate surface coating is used to prevent light loss due to Fresnel reflection. It is applied to the lens surface. A so-called cooling type sensor or non-cooling type sensor is used as the two-dimensional area sensor. The cooling type sensor uses a semiconductor material such as InSb or MCT, and is configured to cool the sensor in order to prevent light radiation from being mixed due to the heat of the sensor chip itself. The uncooled sensor uses a thermal resistance conversion material such as VO ₂ or a-Si.

Here, the principle of gas detection by the gas imaging apparatus 1 will be described. What is imaged by the gas imaging device 1 is an image showing a change in the amount of incident light caused by the presence or absence of gas. If there is no gas, black body light radiated from the background is incident on the gas imaging device 1, but if gas is present, both absorption of background radiated light by the gas and black body light emitted by the gas itself are generated. The light enters the gas imaging device 1. A change between the incident light to the gas imaging device 1 when no gas is present and the incident light to the gas imaging device 1 when the gas is present is detected as a gas image. It is possible to detect a gas leakage source by performing image processing on the temporal and spatial changes of the detected gas image.

The evaluation processing apparatus 2 is a CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), HDD (Hard Disk Drive) in digital devices such as personal computers and portable devices (smartphones, tablet terminals, etc.). ) And the like, and as described above, the gas leakage point candidate calculation unit 4, the evaluation value calculation unit 5, the output information generation unit 6 and the recording unit 7 are provided as functional blocks. The functional block is realized by the CPU reading the evaluation program for structural abnormality detection stored in the HDD, developing it in the RAM, and executing it.

The output device 3 corresponds to a digital device that displays information such as a gas leak point candidate point (a point where a gas leak source may exist), gas leak notification, and the like when a gas leak occurs. For example, a control terminal device in a central monitoring room, a personal computer (stationary type, portable type, etc.), a portable terminal (smart phone, touch pad, etc.) can be mentioned.

In the structure abnormality detection devices 10 </ b> A and 10 </ b> B, the gas leakage point information on the image detected by the gas imaging device 1 (that is, the gas detection point on the imaging screen) is input to the gas leakage point candidate calculation unit 4. Here, the structure design information is also input from the recording unit 7, and the point information of the gas leak location candidate is calculated. This point information is input to the evaluation value calculation unit 5 together with the structure environment information from the recording unit 7, and an evaluation value is calculated for each gas leakage point candidate point. The calculated evaluation value is input to the output information generation unit 6, and the output information generated by the output information generation unit 6 is displayed by the output device 3. In the structure abnormality detection device 10 </ b> B, handling chemical substance information is added as an input to the evaluation value calculation unit 5.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an outline of processing steps performed by the structure

abnormality detection devices

10A and 10B. When the gas imaging device 1 detects gas leakage (# 10), the evaluation processing device 2 converts the gas leakage detection point on the imaging screen into a three-dimensional straight line (# 20). That is, a three-dimensional straight line corresponding to the gas leakage detection position is calculated from the detection position of the gas leakage on the image, the three-dimensional installation coordinates of the gas imaging device 1, and the imaging direction of the gas imaging device 1. . Next, using the structure design information, one or a plurality of coordinates of the point of the structure that intersects with the straight line calculated in step # 20 is calculated, and this is set as a gas leakage point candidate point (# 30). A gas leakage source possibility evaluation value is calculated for each one or a plurality of gas leakage location candidate points calculated (# 40). A gas leak location candidate point is displayed by a display method based on the evaluation value (# 50).

FIG. 3 shows a configuration example of the gas leak location candidate calculation unit 4. The gas leak location candidate calculation unit 4 includes a straight line conversion unit 4a and an intersection calculation unit 4b. The straight line conversion unit 4a is a part that converts the gas leakage detection point (gas detection point) on the imaging screen into a three-dimensional straight line in step # 20 of FIG. The intersection calculation part 4b is a part which calculates the intersection of a three-dimensional straight line and a structure in step # 30 of FIG.

Here, the position of the gas leakage detection point on the imaging screen and the three-dimensional straight line corresponding to the position will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the position and direction of the gas imaging device 1, the actual gas leakage point Jp, and the gas leakage detection point Ip shown on the imaging screen Io, where GS is the leakage gas and Jo is Virtual space coordinates are shown. The vector in the direction in which the gas imaging device 1 is directed is called the direction vector of the gas imaging device 1, and the direction vector Kc of the gas imaging device 1 is (a, b, c) (however, the magnitude of the direction vector) Is 1, that is, √ (a ² + b ² + c ² ) = 1).

The offset amount with respect to the coordinates (uc, vc) of the screen center Ic of the coordinates (up, vp) of the gas leakage detection point Ip on the imaging screen Io is a vector (gas leakage) from the gas imaging device 1 to the actual gas leakage point Jp. This corresponds to the angle between the point direction vector (Kp) and the direction vector Kc of the gas imaging device 1. From the coordinates (up, vp) of the gas leakage detection point Ip and the coordinates (uc, vc) of the screen center Ic, an angle β in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) and an angle γ in the vertical direction (vertical direction) are calculated.

The angles β and γ can be easily calculated from the relationship between the viewing angle of the gas imaging apparatus 1 and the number of vertical and horizontal pixels. For example, if the horizontal pixel number of the imaging screen Io is Un, the vertical pixel number is Vn, and the viewing angle of the gas imaging device 1 is W in the horizontal direction and H in the vertical direction, the angle β is expressed by the formula: β = { (Up−uc) / Un} × W, and the angle γ is represented by γ = {(vp−vc) / Vn} × H.

The direction vector Kp: (a ′, b ′, c ′) of the gas leakage point can be calculated using the direction vector Kc: (a, b, c) of the gas imaging device 1 and the angles β, γ, The following formula:
a ′ = − {bsin βcosγ / √ (1−c ² )} + acosβcosγ− {acsinγ / √ (1-c ² )} (1a)
b ′ = {asinβcosγ / √ (1-c ² )} + bcosβcosγ− {bcsinγ / √ (1-c ² )} (1b)
c ′ = c cos βcos γ−√ (1−c ² ) sin γ (1c)
It is represented by

The three-dimensional straight line LN corresponding to the gas leakage detection point Ip passes through the installation coordinates Ho: (x0, y0, z0) of the gas imaging device 1 and the direction vector Kp: (a ′, b ′, c ') Is a straight line with The equation of the straight line LN is an orthogonal coordinate system (x, y, z) in which the horizontal direction of the imaging screen Io is the x direction, the vertical direction of the imaging screen Io is the z direction, and the normal direction of the imaging screen Io is the y direction. The following formula used:
(X−x0) / a ′ = (y−y0) / b ′ = (z−z0) / c ′ (2)
It is represented by The straight line LN corresponds to the line of sight that the gas imaging apparatus 1 has with respect to the gas leakage detection location Ip on the imaging screen Io.

Next, the relationship between the gas detection point Ip on the imaging screen Io and the gas leakage point candidate point CP will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7A shows the imaging screen Io of the gas imaging device 1 when there is no gas leakage (normal time), and FIG. 7B shows the imaging screen Io of the gas imaging device 1 when gas leakage is detected. ing. In FIG. 7B, the gas leakage detection point Ip is indicated by a black circle, but the depth direction (y direction in FIG. 6) cannot be distinguished on the imaging screen Io. On the three-dimensional straight line LN corresponding to the gas leak detection point Ip, there are a plurality of locations where a gas leak source may exist. An example is shown in FIG. FIG. 7C shows the arrangement relationship of the structures ST as viewed from an angle different from that of FIGS. 7A and 7B (the state of the subject in FIG. 7B viewed from the side). Yes. The straight line LN corresponding to the gas leakage detection point Ip corresponds to the line of sight that the gas imaging apparatus 1 has with respect to the gas leakage detection point Ip on the imaging screen Io, so the intersection of the straight line LN that is the line of sight and the structure ST Are all gas leak point candidate points CP.

In order to obtain a point where the straight line LN intersects the structure ST, an equation of the structure surface is necessary. The surface equation is generally:
Ax + By + Cz = D (3)
It is represented by Here, (A, B, C) represents a normal vector of the surface. The surface equation is easily calculated from the design data of the structure ST. For example, the equation of the plane passing through the coordinates (xs, ys, zs) is:
Ax + By + Cz = Axs + Bys + Czs (4)
It is represented by

Since the equation (2) of the three-dimensional straight line LN corresponding to the gas leakage detection point Ip and the equation (4) of the structure surface are obtained, the intersection is calculated next. First, the equation (2) of the straight line LN is converted into the following equation using the parameter t:
x = at + x0 (5a)
y = bt + y0 (5b)
z = ct + z0 (5c)
It transforms as follows. If the structure is a pipe, etc., the straight line LN, which is the line of sight, may pass through the vicinity of the pipe and may not intersect with the actual pipe. Therefore, the virtual structure is placed slightly thicker than the actual pipe. It is preferable to set and calculate the intersection of the structure surface and the straight line LN.

Next, when the expressions (5a), (5b), and (5c) are substituted into the expression (4), the expression:
A (at + x0) + B (bt + y0) + C (ct + z0) = Axs + Bys + Czs (6)
Is obtained. From equation (6):
t = {A (xs−x0) + B (ys−y0) + C (zs−z0)} / {Aa + Bb + Cc} (7)
Is obtained. By substituting Equation (7) into Equation (5), the intersection coordinates can be obtained.

5 shows an example of an evaluation value calculation process (# 40 in FIG. 4) for evaluating the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the intersection coordinates. From each of one or more calculated gas leakage point candidate points CP, from the inflow material to the structure ST corresponding to the point CP and the type of handled material (information on chemical substances handled by the structure), A list of gases that are likely to cause gas leakage and a list of gases that can be detected by the gas imaging device 1 are collated (# 42), and the gas that can be detected by the gas imaging device 1 is a gas. It is determined whether it is in the imaging device list (# 44).

If there is no match in step # 44, the gas leakage source possibility candidate is evaluated as no possibility (evaluation value = 0) (# 46). If there is a match in step # 44, it is determined that there is a possibility of a gas leakage source, and the number of years since the structure ST was installed (aged information such as installation time) and structural deterioration environment factors (installation) An evaluation value is calculated in consideration of the surrounding environment information such as the environment near the location (# 48). Note that the gas list collation (# 42, # 44, # 46) can be omitted as necessary.

Regarding the aged information that is the design information of the structure ST, for example, a high evaluation value is given to those having a long elapsed time. For the calculation of the evaluation value, for example, data such as whether or not the elapsed time is longer than the average failure time (MTBF) of the apparatus, and how long it is when it is long can be used. Moreover, you may give a score using numerical formulas, such as (elapsed years / MTBF) * 10.

As for the ambient environment information that is design information of the structure ST, there is a deterioration environment factor of the structure ST (for example, when it is always exposed to water vapor or when it is exposed to a salty atmosphere). A high evaluation value is given. In the calculation of the evaluation value, points are given using a mathematical formula such as an average value × 10 of the ratio of the time during which the deterioration environment factor is acting in one day (for example, the time during which water vapor strikes in one day). May be. An evaluation value that considers the possibility of the occurrence of an initial failure may be given to those that have a small number of years since the structure ST was installed. When there are a plurality of factors, the evaluation values for each factor are added or multiplied to calculate a final evaluation value.

In addition, after calculating the evaluation values for all the gas leakage point candidate points CP, a value obtained by dividing the evaluation value of each candidate point CP by the total value of the evaluation values of all candidate points CP may be newly set as the evaluation value. By doing so, the relative comparison of the evaluation values of the gas leak location candidate points CP is facilitated.

As an example of design information of the structure ST,
・ 3D layout information (3D CAD design information),
・ Elapsed years since installation or installation date,
・ Deterioration environment factor information: For example, whether there is an atmosphere containing water vapor or salt in the vicinity of the structure, whether it is exposed to rain water in the rain, high temperature due to solar radiation or heat source, or whether the temperature changes drastically And
As an example of information on chemical substances handled by the structure ST,
-Substances flowing into or out of the structure ST (water, water vapor, gas, etc.), types of chemical substances handled in the structure ST,
・ Information on the operational status of the structure, such as whether gas is flowing through the piping,
・ Information on the maintenance status of structures, such as whether the flanges have been tightened
Is mentioned.

As described above, as the output device 3 that outputs the information on the gas leakage point candidate point CP in step # 50, for example, a control terminal device in a central monitoring room may be mentioned. In addition, a personal computer (stationary type, portable type, etc.) and a portable terminal (smart phone, touchpad, etc.) are also included. Information on the gas leak location candidate point CP is output according to the operation content of the operator. At that time, the display order may be set in descending order of the gas leakage source possibility evaluation value according to an instruction from the operator, and the setting may be set in the initial setting. By doing so, it is possible to quickly identify the location of the gas leakage source and to perform the repair work, and to reduce the danger of the worker.

As information of the gas leak location candidate point CP, for example,
-The name and location of the device at the candidate point CP,
・ Placement of equipment at the candidate point CP,
Is mentioned. Also, as an example of the output contents,
-Text display of device name and position existing at the leak candidate point CP
-Display on the 3D CAD screen of the layout of the equipment existing at the leak point candidate point CP,
Is mentioned. Furthermore, a gas leakage source possibility evaluation value may be added and displayed.

As can be seen from the above description, the above-described embodiments include the following characteristic configurations (C1) to (C6) and the like.

(C1): an imaging device that detects the presence of the gas by imaging an incident light change from a structure accompanying light absorption of the gas existing in the space;
For the point where the line of sight that the imaging device has on the gas detection location on the imaging screen and the structure intersect, the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the point is evaluated using the design information of the structure. , An evaluation processing device that outputs point information of the structure based on the evaluation result;
A structure abnormality detection device comprising:

(C2): Imaging the incident light change from the structure accompanying the light absorption of the gas existing in the space to detect the presence of the gas, and the line of sight of the image to the gas detection location on the imaging screen and the structure For the point where the point intersects, using the design information of the structure, evaluate the possibility that a gas leak source exists at the point, and output the point information of the structure based on the evaluation result To detect structural anomalies.

(C3): imaging the incident light change from the structure accompanying the light absorption of the gas existing in the space, thereby detecting the presence of the gas, the line of sight of imaging with respect to the gas detection location on the imaging screen, and the For the point where the structure intersects, using the design information of the structure, a process for evaluating the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the point, and outputting the point information of the structure based on the evaluation result An abnormality processing evaluation processing program characterized by causing a computer to execute processing.

(C4): As the structure design information in the above configurations (C1) to (C3), the arrangement information of the three-dimensional structure, the information about the installation time and the environment in the vicinity of the installation location, the operation status of the structure A configuration including at least one of information and information on the maintenance status of the structure.

(C5): A configuration in which information on chemical substances handled by the structure is further used to evaluate the possibility of a gas leak source at the point in the above configurations (C1) to (C4).

(C6): A configuration for obtaining the location using the information on the installation location and the imaging direction of the imaging device in the configurations (C1) to (C5).

As can be seen from each of the above-described embodiments, according to the embodiment of the structure abnormality detection device, the design information of the structure ST (plant) in order to evaluate the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the gas detection location. Therefore, it is possible to quickly specify the position of the gas leakage source in the structure ST. This is the same even when the structure abnormality detection method and the structure abnormality detection evaluation processing program are used.

And, by quickly specifying the position of the gas leakage source, it is possible to accurately and quickly instruct the worker about the work location, and to perform the gas leakage repair work safely and in a short time. For example, the gas leakage source possibility evaluation is performed on a plurality of gas leakage point candidate points CP corresponding to the gas leakage positions on the image obtained by using the gas imaging device 1, and the gas leakage source If it is presented as a highly likely location, the location and repair work of the gas leakage source can be performed more quickly, and the danger to workers can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Gas imaging device 2 Evaluation processing device 3 Output device 4 Gas leak location candidate calculation part 5 Evaluation value calculation part 6 Output information generation part 7

Recording part

10A, 10B Structure abnormality detection device GS Leakage gas Jo Virtual space coordinate Jp Actual Gas leakage point Kc Direction vector of gas imaging device Kp Direction vector of gas leakage point Io Imaging screen Ic Screen center Ip Gas leakage detection point on screen Ho Gas imaging device installation point CP Gas leakage point candidate point ST Structure

Claims

An imaging device that detects the presence of the gas by imaging an incident light change from a structure accompanying light absorption of the gas present in the space;
For the point where the line of sight that the imaging device has on the gas detection location on the imaging screen and the structure intersect, the possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the point is evaluated using the design information of the structure. , An evaluation processing device that outputs point information of the structure based on the evaluation result;
A structure abnormality detection device having
2. The structure abnormality detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the structure design information includes three-dimensional structure arrangement information.
The structure abnormality detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the design information of the structure includes information about an installation time and an environment in the vicinity of the installation location.
The structure abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the structure design information includes information on an operation state of the structure.
The structure abnormality detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the structure design information includes information on a maintenance status of the structure.
The structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the evaluation processing device further uses information on a chemical substance handled by the structure for evaluating a possibility that a gas leakage source exists at the point. Anomaly detection device.