WO2018205607A1 - 核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法 - Google Patents

核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法 Download PDF

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WO2018205607A1
WO2018205607A1 PCT/CN2017/116357 CN2017116357W WO2018205607A1 WO 2018205607 A1 WO2018205607 A1 WO 2018205607A1 CN 2017116357 W CN2017116357 W CN 2017116357W WO 2018205607 A1 WO2018205607 A1 WO 2018205607A1
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real
pressure vessel
reactor pressure
time
power plant
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French (fr)
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束国刚
李承亮
陈骏
段远刚
邓小云
冉小兵
刘飞华
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Shenzhen China Guangdong Nuclear Engineering Design Co Ltd
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China General Nuclear Power Corp
China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd
Shenzhen China Guangdong Nuclear Engineering Design Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from CN201710320515.3A external-priority patent/CN107123451B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710320626.4A external-priority patent/CN107123452B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710320578.9A external-priority patent/CN107146646B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710594049.8A external-priority patent/CN107358983B/zh
Application filed by China General Nuclear Power Corp, China Nuclear Power Engineering Co Ltd, Shenzhen China Guangdong Nuclear Engineering Design Co Ltd filed Critical China General Nuclear Power Corp
Priority to GB1917961.3A priority Critical patent/GB2577425B8/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G21NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21CNUCLEAR REACTORS
    • G21C17/00Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
    • G21C17/003Remote inspection of vessels, e.g. pressure vessels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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  • the invention belongs to the field of nuclear power, and more particularly to a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel.
  • the reactor pressure vessel is one of the most critical large-scale equipment in the nuclear power plant nuclear island. Its main function is to contain and support the core nuclear fuel assembly, control components, internal components and reactor coolant steel pressure vessels. It is long-term service in strong radiation, high temperature and high pressure environment. Among them, neutron irradiation damage (specifically, the strength and toughness of the reactor pressure vessel steel during irradiation embrittlement) is one of the main failure modes.
  • each irradiation supervision tube is loaded with a fission dose detector, usually including U 238 and Np 237.
  • a fission dose detector usually including U 238 and Np 237.
  • Two kinds of fission dose detecting components are then packaged into the titanium box respectively, and the titanium box is then placed in the boron nitride box, and then the boron nitride box is integrally placed in the irradiation supervisory tube.
  • the irradiation supervision tube extraction plan formulated by the irradiation supervision program use the opportunity of refueling and maintenance of the nuclear power plant, periodically extract the irradiation supervision tube from the reactor pressure vessel, and then transport it to the fixed point after packaging according to the radiation protection requirements.
  • the hot chamber mechanism cuts the fission dose detector and then analyzes the composition changes in the hot chamber to calculate the neutron irradiation damage fluence received by the fission dose detector.
  • the neutron irradiation damage fluence of the reactor pressure vessel body is converted, and then the follow-up safety evaluation work is carried out on the operation of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • the fission dose detectors (U 238 and Np 237 ) are radioactive sources. Their production, transportation and sales require professional qualifications. The procurement cost is very high, and subsequent transportation and compliance are extremely troublesome.
  • the fission dose detector is a one-time product, and has strong radioactivity after use. At the same time, a large amount of radioactive waste is generated in the analysis and testing, and the subsequent three wastes are processed in a large amount and the cost is high;
  • the above method can only monitor the neutron irradiation damage fluence of the reactor pressure vessel core area as a whole, and does not have the monitoring of other parts of the reactor pressure vessel, especially the radiation damage fluence at a specific location.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel which can be tested in real time, online and continuously.
  • the present invention provides a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel, which comprises the following steps:
  • a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel comprises the following steps:
  • S11, safety threshold value determination determine and record upper threshold no ductile transition temperature of the reactor pressure vessel steel (RT NDT) the upper and lower threshold values of the upper shelf energy (USE) limit;
  • the non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel comprises the following steps:
  • a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel comprises the following steps:
  • the non-destructive evaluation method for the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel has the following beneficial technical effects:
  • Test equipment and operation do not require special radiation safety protection requirements, and there is basically no requirement for the external space of the equipment.
  • the cost is low and the safety is good.
  • no radioactive waste is generated, and there is basically no need for three waste disposal.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the magnetic susceptibility of the core portion of the reactor pressure vessel and the neutron irradiation damage fluence.
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the residual magnetization of the reactor core section of the reactor and the neutron irradiation damage fluence.
  • Figure 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the coercivity of the reactor core section of the reactor and the neutron irradiation damage fluence.
  • the present invention provides a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel, which comprises the following steps:
  • the magnetic performance parameter being any one of a magnetic susceptibility ⁇ , a residual magnetization M R and a coercive force H C ;
  • the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ , residual magnetization M R and coercive force H C of the material magnetic properties parameters are respectively correlated with the neutron irradiation damage fluence. Therefore, the neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ can be obtained by monitoring any one of the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ , the residual magnetization M R and the coercive force H C .
  • the functional relationship between the magnetic susceptibility ⁇ and the neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ is the formula (01).
  • the value of a 1 ranges from 0.75 to 1.38; the range of b 1 ranges from 8.78 to 16.75; and the range of c 1 ranges from 0.042 to 0.17.
  • the values of a 1 , b 1 and c 1 are affected by the grain size of the initial state of the reactor pressure vessel, the type of dislocation, the quantity, the distribution of the second phase, and the energy spectrum of the reactor neutron irradiation field during the operation of the nuclear power plant. . For specific nuclear power plants and reactor pressure vessels, they can also be determined or corrected by conventional radiation monitoring fission detector test data.
  • the magnetic performance parameter can also be selected as the residual magnetization M R , and the residual magnetization M R is a function of the neutron irradiation damage flu ⁇ as the formula (02):
  • the value of a 2 ranges from 0.087 to 0.23; and the range of b 2 ranges from 0.12 to 0.31.
  • the values of a 2 and b 2 are also affected by the grain size of the initial state of the reactor pressure vessel, the type of dislocation, the quantity, the distribution of the second phase, and the energy spectrum of the reactor neutron irradiation field during the operation of the nuclear power plant. influences. For specific nuclear power plants and reactor pressure vessels, they can also be determined or corrected by conventional radiation monitoring fission detector test data.
  • the value of a 3 ranges from 1.79 to 3.21; the range of b 3 ranges from 0.19 to 0.41; the range of c 3 ranges from 0.007 to 0.19, and the range of D ranges from 5.64 to 9.23.
  • the values of D, a 3 , b 3 and c 3 are also affected by the grain size of the initial state of the reactor pressure vessel, the type of dislocation, the quantity, the distribution of the second phase, and the reactor neutron irradiation field during the operation of the nuclear power plant.
  • the influence of factors such as energy spectrum.
  • they can also be determined or corrected by conventional radiation monitoring fission detector test data.
  • the neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ obtained above is used as an input parameter for analysis, and it is used to carry out structural integrity safety evaluation and life prediction of radiation damage of reactor pressure vessel.
  • the specific method is the same as the traditional irradiation supervision analysis method.
  • the magnetic performance parameters of the reactor core section of the reactor pressure vessel are monitored in real time at a specific time point.
  • the neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ can be calculated according to the formula (01).
  • the neutron irradiation damage ⁇ can be calculated according to the formula (02).
  • the neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ can be calculated according to the formula (03).
  • the calculated neutron irradiation damage fluence ⁇ is used as the input parameter to analyze the structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel during the damage process.
  • the specific process is the same as the traditional irradiation supervision analysis method.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method of the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel can be used instead of the traditional irradiation supervision analysis method, which is not only simple in method, accurate in data, but also real-time online evaluation, and the magnetic susceptibility and residual of the reactor pressure vessel steel.
  • the magnetization and coercivity tests are non-destructive, so the data can be tested indefinitely during the full life of the nuclear power plant and during future life extension operations.
  • Test equipment and operation do not require special radiation safety protection requirements, and there is basically no requirement for the external space of the equipment.
  • the cost is low and the safety is good.
  • no radioactive waste is generated, and there is basically no need for three waste disposal.
  • a non-destructive evaluation method for irradiated damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using magnetic susceptibility comprising the following steps:
  • Non-ductile transition temperature (RT NDT ) initial 241 K
  • upper platform energy (USE) initial 335 J
  • tensile strength (R m ) initial 483 MPa
  • yield strength (R p0.2 ) initial 591 MPa.
  • the specific value of the above critical threshold depends on the nuclear safety regulations of the country where the nuclear power plant is monitored, the nuclear safety program used in the operation of the nuclear power plant, and the specific location of the reactor pressure vessel.
  • the specific values provided in this patent are derived from the requirements of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission guidelines RG 1.99 (1988 edition) for the base material of the reactor pressure vessel core section.
  • a 1 ranges from 450 to 680, and the value of b 1 ranges from -18 to -35;
  • a 2 ranges from 270 to 420, and b 2 ranges from 45 to 75;
  • a 3 and a 4 have a value ranging from 1200 to 2000, and b 3 and b 4 have a value ranging from -80 to -135.
  • the measured real-time magnetic susceptibility ⁇ 10.15
  • the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 can be calculated :
  • the above calculated real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 are used as analytical input parameters to perform safety assessment or life prediction of the structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel during irradiation damage; the specific process is the same as the traditional irradiation supervision analysis method.
  • the pre-set warning value of the rate of decrease of the magnetic susceptibility is 1%/year.
  • the rate of decrease of the magnetic susceptibility is 0.56%/year, which is lower than the safety warning value of 1%/year, so there is no need to further carry out the reactor pressure vessel. Security assessment argument.
  • a conventional reactor pressure vessel having the same degree of radiation damage (generally referred to as having the same neutron irradiation cumulative fluence) is taken.
  • the irradiated supervised samples were tested for destructive mechanical properties, and the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 were obtained .
  • Table 2 lists the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the first embodiment adopts the non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT calculated by the non-destructive evaluation method for the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using the magnetic susceptibility, the real-time upper platform energy USE, and the real-time tensile strength R.
  • the values of m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 are very close to those of the comparative example 1; the deviation values are within the acceptable range, and will not affect the safety evaluation of the subsequent reactor pressure vessel radiation damage, and
  • the magnetic susceptibility test of reactor pressure vessel steel is non-destructive, so the data can be tested indefinitely during the full life of the nuclear power plant and during future life extension operations. Combined with the rate of decline of magnetic susceptibility, dual monitoring can ensure the safety of the pressure vessel during operation.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method for irradiating damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using magnetic susceptibility has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
  • Test equipment and operation do not require special radiation safety protection requirements, and there is basically no requirement for the external space of the equipment, and the safety is good, especially no radioactive waste is generated, and there is basically no need for three waste treatment;
  • a non-destructive evaluation method for irradiated damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using residual magnetization includes the following steps:
  • RT NDT unexpanded transition temperature
  • USE upper platform energy
  • R tensile strength
  • the residual magnetization M R 0.99emu / g; according to equation (21) can be obtained in real time the residual magnetization M R with respect to the initial state of the non-irradiated residual magnetization (M R) of the initial rate of change of residual magnetization ⁇ M R :
  • the processing technology of the material the type of defect distribution of the material, the irradiation temperature, and the size characteristics of the neutron irradiation field energy spectrum of the reactor core during the operation of the nuclear power plant, etc.
  • RT NDT (1- ⁇ RT NDT ) ⁇ (RT NDT ) Initial (26)
  • the conventional reactor pressure having the same degree of radiation damage (generally referred to as having the same neutron irradiation cumulative fluence) is taken.
  • the container irradiation supervision sample was tested for destructive mechanical properties, and the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 were obtained .
  • Table 3 lists the values of the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , the real-time upper platform energy USE, the real-time tensile strength R m , and the real-time yield strength R p0.2 obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the first embodiment adopts the non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT calculated by the non-destructive evaluation method for the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using the residual magnetization, the real-time upper platform energy USE, and the real-time tensile strength.
  • R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 are 279.19K, 253.66J, 722.42Mpa and 618.8Mpa, respectively, while the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength measured in Comparative Example 1
  • the values of R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 are 274K, 260J, 717MPa, and 623MPa , respectively.
  • the data calculated in the first embodiment is very close to the measured value of the comparative example 1, the deviation is about 6, and the deviation values are all within an acceptable range. Therefore, the present invention utilizes the residual magnetization of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel spokes.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method of the damage can replace the traditional irradiation supervision and analysis method, and can be monitored in real time, which can be applied to the full life of the nuclear power plant. At the same time, there are no special requirements for the conditions required for monitoring, and the monitoring cost is low and more practical.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method for irradiating damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel utilizing residual magnetization has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
  • a non-destructive evaluation method for radiation damage of a nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using coercivity comprising the following steps:
  • RT NDT unexpanded transition temperature
  • USE upper platform energy
  • R tensile strength
  • the rate of change ⁇ (R p0.2 ) of 2 has a function relationship with the rate of change of coercive force ⁇ H C , and the rate of change of the above mechanical property parameters can be calculated according to formulas (32) to (35):
  • ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 and ⁇ 4 are proportional coefficients, and the specific values are the alloying element content of the material of the reactor pressure vessel steel, the defect distribution type and quantity concentration of the material, and the actual heat treatment process when the material is manufactured. And the influence of the size characteristics of the neutron irradiation field energy spectrum of the reactor core during the operation of the nuclear power plant.
  • the rate of change ⁇ (RT NDT ) of the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT in this embodiment, the rate of change ⁇ (USE) of the real-time upper platform energy USE, and the rate of change ⁇ (R) of the real-time tensile strength R m can be calculated.
  • m ) and the rate of change ⁇ (R p0.2 ) of the real-time yield strength R p0.2 can be calculated.
  • RT NDT (1- ⁇ RT NDT ) ⁇ (RT NDT ) Initial (36)
  • the calculation process of the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , the real-time upper platform energy USE, the real-time tensile strength R m , and the real-time yield strength R p0.2 is:
  • the conventional reactor pressure having the same degree of radiation damage (generally referred to as having the same neutron irradiation cumulative fluence) is taken.
  • the container irradiation supervision sample was tested for destructive mechanical properties, and the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , real-time upper platform energy USE, real-time tensile strength R m and real-time yield strength R p0.2 were obtained .
  • Table 4 lists the values of the real-time non-ductile transition temperature RT NDT , the real-time upper platform energy USE, the real-time tensile strength R m , and the real-time yield strength R p0.2 obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method of the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using the coercive force can be used instead of the traditional irradiation supervision analysis method, which is not only simple in method, accurate in data, but also real-time online evaluation, and reactor pressure vessel steel
  • the coercivity test is non-destructive, so the data can be tested indefinitely during the full life of the nuclear power plant and during future life extension operations.
  • the non-destructive evaluation method of the radiation damage of the nuclear power plant reactor pressure vessel using the coercive force has at least the following beneficial technical effects:
  • Test equipment and operation do not require special radiation safety protection requirements, and there is basically no requirement for the external space of the equipment, and the safety is good, especially no radioactive waste is generated, and there is basically no need for three waste treatment;

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Abstract

一种核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,包括以下步骤:S01、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢某一监测部位的磁性能参数,所述磁性能参数为磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C中的任意一种;S02、基于实时测得的磁性能参数计算出反应堆压力容器的中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能;S03、以中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。该方法可实现实时、多次无损测量,数据精确,测试操作的安全性好,可同时监控反应堆压力容器多个位置的辐照损伤程度。

Description

核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法 技术领域
本发明属于核电领域,更具体地说,本发明涉及一种核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法。
背景技术
反应堆压力容器是核电站核岛内最为关键的大型设备之一,主要功能是包容和支承堆芯核燃料组件、控制组件、堆内构件和反应堆冷却剂的钢制承压容器。它长期服役于强辐照、高温、高压环境,其中,中子辐照损伤(具体表现为反应堆压力容器钢辐照脆化过程中强度升高、韧性下降)是其主要失效方式之一。
为了确保反应堆压力容器运行的安全性,对其辐照损伤注量进行监测与评价是常用的方法之一。具体实施步骤如下:(1)在核电站首次装料运行之前,在反应堆压力容器内部安装4到6根辐照监督管,每根辐照监督管内装载裂变剂量探测器,通常包括U 238和Np 237两种裂变剂量探测元件,然后将探测元件分别封装到钛盒内,钛盒再装入氮化硼盒内,然后氮化硼盒再整体装入辐照监督管内。(2)根据辐照监督大纲制定的辐照监督管抽取计划,利用核电站换料检修的机会,定期从反应堆压力容器中抽取出辐照监督管,然后按照辐照防护要求包装后长途运输至定点的热室机构,切割解剖取出裂变剂量探测器,然后在热室内对其成分的变化等开展分析化验,进而计算获得裂变剂量探测器所接受的中子辐照损伤注量。(3)根据辐照监督管的超前因子,换算得到反应堆压力容器本体的中子辐照损伤注量,进而对反应堆压力容器的运行开展后续安全评价工作。
现有方法的缺点归纳如下:
1)裂变剂量探测器(U 238和Np 237)属于放射源,其生产、运输、销售等均需要专业资质,采购成本非常高,后续运输、按照等也极其麻烦;
2)不能直接获得反应堆压力容器本体的辐照损伤注量,需通过超前因子换算,存在一定的误差,当超前因子较大时,该误差愈加明显,届时得到的中子辐照损伤注量的代表性较差;
3)由于辐照监督管的数量非常有限(通常只有4~6根,且必须在首次装料运行前一次性装载完毕,现有技术也不能实现运行一段时间后再补充安装辐照监督管,未来核电站延寿时该问题愈加突出),相应的裂变剂量探测器数量也只有4~6个,因此,通过这种方法不能连续获得反应堆压力容器钢的中子辐照损伤注量;同时由于辐照监督管抽取、运输、切割解剖、裂变剂量探测器化验分析等工作至少需要1年时间,通过该方法获得反应堆压力容器钢的中子辐照损伤注量在时间上也存在明显的滞后性;
4)裂变剂量探测器属于一次性产品,且使用之后具有较强的放射性,同时在分析化验环节也产生大量放射性废物,后续三废处理量较大,成本较高;
5)上述方法仅能从整体上监控反应堆压力容器堆芯区的中子辐照损伤注量,不具备监控反应堆压力容器其他零部件,尤其是特定位置的辐照损伤注量。
有鉴于此,确有必要提供一种可实时、在线、连续测试的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种可实时、在线、连续测试的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法。
大量实验研究发现,反应堆压力容器钢在服役时辐照脆化的过程中,其材料磁性能参数的变化规律与其中子辐照损伤注量有较好的关联性,通过监测反 应堆压力容器钢磁性能参数的变化,可获得其中子辐照损伤注量,进而以中子辐照损伤注量作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供一种核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其包括以下步骤:
S01、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢某一监测部位的磁性能参数,所述磁性能参数为磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C中的任意一种;
S02、基于实时测得的磁性能参数计算出反应堆压力容器的中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能;以及
S03、以中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法包括以下步骤:
S11、安全阈值确定:确定并记录反应堆压力容器钢的无延性转变温度的上限临界值(RT NDT) 上限和上平台能量的下限临界值(USE) 下限
S12、实时监测:核电站正常运行期间,测得任意时间点反应堆压力容器监测部位辐照损伤后的磁化率χ;
S13、分析计算:根据实时测得的磁化率χ,计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
S14、安全评估:基于磁化率的下降速率和获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行安全评估。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评 估方法包括以下步骤:
S21、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位的剩余磁化强度M R,根据实时剩余磁化强度M R相对于未辐照初始状态的剩余磁化强度(M R) 初始的剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R,计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
S22、基于获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行分析评估。
根据本发明的一个方面,本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法包括以下步骤:
S31、初始监测:核电站首次装料运行之前,测得反应堆压力容器钢监测部位的初始矫顽力(H C) 初始
S32、在线监控:核电站正常运行期间,测得任意时间点反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位辐照损伤后的矫顽力H C
S33、实时分析:基于所述初始矫顽力(H C) 初始和任意时间点测得的矫顽力H C,根据公式(1)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的矫顽力变化率ΔH C
ΔH C=[H C-(H C) 初始]/(H C) 初始      (31)
根据得出的矫顽力变化率ΔH C计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
S34、损伤评估:基于获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行安全评估。
相对于现有技术,本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法 具有以下有益技术效果:
1)可实时、在线、连续测试核电站运行期间反应堆压力容器钢的磁性能参数,并实时计算获得反应堆压力容器钢的中子辐损伤注量数据;
2)可同时监测反应堆压力容器多个位置的中子辐照损伤注量;
3)由于反应堆压力容器钢的磁性能测试是无损的,在核电站全寿期,包括未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据;
4)测试设备及操作不需要特殊的辐射安全防护要求,且对设备外界空间基本无要求,成本低廉、安全性较好,尤其是不产生放射性废物,基本无三废处理需求。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法进行详细说明,其中:
图1为本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法的步骤流程图。
图2为反应堆压力容器钢堆芯段部位磁化率与中子辐照损伤注量之间的函数关系图。
图3为反应堆压力容器钢堆芯段部位剩余磁化强度与中子辐照损伤注量之间的函数关系图。
图4为反应堆压力容器钢堆芯段部位矫顽力与中子辐照损伤注量之间的函数关系图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的发明目的、技术方案及其技术效果更加清晰,以下结合附图和具体实施方式,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是,本说明书 中描述的具体实施方式仅仅是为了解释本发明,并非为了限定本发明。
请参照图1所示,本发明提供了一种核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其包括以下步骤:
S01、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢某一监测部位的磁性能参数,磁性能参数为磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C中的任意一种;
S02、基于实时测得的磁性能参数计算出反应堆压力容器的中子辐照损伤注量Φ;
S03、以中子辐照损伤注量Φ作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
反应堆压力容器钢在服役时辐照脆化的过程中,材料磁性能参数中磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C都分别与其中子辐照损伤注量有较好的关联性,因此,可通过监测磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C中任何一个参数来获得其中子辐照损伤注量Φ。
当实时监测的磁性能参数为磁化率χ时,磁化率χ与中子辐照损伤注量Φ之间的函数关系为公式(01),
Φ=c 1·㏑(b 1-a 1·χ)       (01)
其中,a 1的取值范围为0.75-1.38;b 1的取值范围为8.78-16.75;c 1的取值范围为0.042-0.17。a 1、b 1和c 1的取值会受到反应堆压力容器初始状态的晶粒度、位错类型、数量、第二相分布特点以及核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱等因素的影响。对于特定的核电站与反应堆压力容器,也可通过传统的辐照监督裂变探测器测试数据加以确定或者修正。
磁性能参数也可选择为剩余磁化强度M R,剩余磁化强度M R与中子辐照损伤注量Φ的函数关系为公式(02):
Φ=b 2-a 2·M R      (02)
其中,a 2的取值范围为0.087-0.23;b 2的取值范围为0.12-0.31。同样的,a 2和b 2的取值也会受到反应堆压力容器初始状态的晶粒度、位错类型、数量、第二相分布特点以及核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱等因素的影响。对于特定的核电站与反应堆压力容器,也可通过传统的辐照监督裂变探测器测试数据加以确定或者修正。
当磁性能参数选择为矫顽力H C时,矫顽力H C与中子辐照损伤注量Φ的函数关系为公式(3):
Φ=D-a 3·H C+b 3·(H C) 2-c 3·(H C) 3     (03)
其中,a 3的取值范围为1.79-3.21;b 3的取值范围为0.19-0.41;c 3的取值范围为0.007-0.19,D的取值范围为5.64-9.23。
同样的,D、a 3、b 3和c 3的取值也会受到反应堆压力容器初始状态的晶粒度、位错类型、数量、第二相分布特点以及核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱等因素的影响。对于特定的核电站与反应堆压力容器,也可通过传统的辐照监督裂变探测器测试数据加以确定或者修正。
将上述获得的中子辐照损伤注量Φ作为分析输入参数,用于开展反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的结构完整性安全评价、寿命预测等。具体方法与传统的辐照监督分析方法相同。
实施例1
以特定时间点实时监测反应堆压力容器钢堆芯段部位的磁性能参数为例。
当特定时间点监测的磁性能参数为磁化率χ=3.290,根据公式(01)可计算出中子辐照损伤注量Φ。
考虑了反应堆压力容器钢初始状态的微观组织特征和核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱的影响因素后,得出公式(01)中a 1、b 1和c 1的取值分别为1.07、13.15和0.07,则中子辐照损伤注量Φ的计算过程如下:
Φ=0.07ln(13.15-1.07χ)=0.07ln(13.15-1.07×3.290)=0.15860dpa
当磁性能参数为剩余磁化强度M R,同一时间点测得的剩余磁化强度M R=0.24emu/g,根据公式(02)可计算出中子辐照损伤注量Φ。
考虑各种影响因素后,公式(02)中,a 2和b 2的取值分别为0.14和0.19,则中子辐照损伤注量Φ的计算过程如下:
Φ=0.19-0.14·M R=0.19-0.14×0.24=0.15640dpa
当磁性能参数为矫顽力H C,同一时间点测得的矫顽力H C=7.1Oe,根据公式(03)可计算出中子辐照损伤注量Φ。
考虑各种影响因素后,公式(03)中,D、a 3、b 3和c 3的取值分别为7.65、2.56、0.29和0.01,则中子辐照损伤注量Φ的计算过程如下:
Φ=7.65-2.56H C+0.29(H C) 2-0.01(H C) 3=0.15304dpa
本实施例中磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C分别与中子辐照损伤注量Φ的函数关系图如图2、图3和图4所示。
将计算出的中子辐照损伤注量Φ作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测;具体过程与传统的辐照监督分析方法相同。
对比例1
为验证本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法的有效性,取具有相同辐照损伤程度(一般指具有相同的中子辐照累积注量)的传统的反应堆压力容器辐照监督试样进行破坏性力学性能试验,实测并获得堆芯段部位的中子辐照损伤注量Φ。
表1实施例1不同磁性能参数与对比例1得出的中子辐照损伤注量Φ的数值
Figure PCTCN2017116357-appb-000001
通过表1可以看出,实施例1分别采用不同磁性能参数(磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C)计算得到的堆芯段部位的中子辐照损伤注量Φ的数值与对比例1实测值非常接近;偏差值在可接受的范围之内,不会对后续反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的安全评价带来影响。
因此,可采用本发明核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法代替传统的辐照监督分析方法,不仅方法简单,数据精确,而且可实现实时在线评估,同时反应堆压力容器钢的磁化率、剩余磁化强度和矫顽力测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期以及未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据。
结合以上对本发明的详细描述可以看出,相对于现有技术,本发明至少具有以下有益技术效果:
1)可实时、在线、连续测试核电站运行期间反应堆压力容器钢的磁性能参数,并实时计算获得反应堆压力容器钢的中子辐损伤注量数据;
2)可同时监测反应堆压力容器多个位置的中子辐照损伤注量;
3)由于反应堆压力容器钢的磁性能测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期,包括未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据;
4)测试设备及操作不需要特殊的辐射安全防护要求,且对设备外界空间基本无要求,成本低廉、安全性较好,尤其是不产生放射性废物,基本无三废处理需求。
利用磁化率χ的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法
实施例1
一种利用磁化率的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其包括以下步骤:
核电站首次装料运行之前,测得反应堆压力容器钢监测部位的初始磁化率(χ) 初始=11.42,并从反应堆压力容器钢设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询并记录未辐照初始状态的无延性转变温度(RT NDT) 初始=241K、上平台能量(USE) 初始 =335J、抗拉强度(R m) 初始=483MPa和屈服强度(R p0.2) 初始=591MPa。
S11、安全阈值确定:确定并记录反应堆压力容器的无延性转变温度上限临界值(RT NDT) 上限=366K和上平台能量下限临界值(USE) 下限=68J。
上述临界阈值的具体数值取决于所监测的核电站所在国家的核安全法规要求、核电站运行时所采用的核安全大纲以及反应堆压力容器的具体部位等。本专利中提供的具体数值来源于美国核管会导则RG1.99(1988版)对反应堆压力容器堆芯段位置母材的要求。
S12、实时监测:核电站正常运行20年后,测得反应堆压力容器钢监测部位辐照损伤后的磁化率χ=10.15,相比于上一年度,磁化率下降速率为0.56%/年。
S13、分析计算:根据公式(11)至公式(14)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
RT NDT=a 1+b 1·χ     (11)
USE=a 2+b 2·χ     (12)
R m=a 3+b 3·χ     (13)
R p0.2=a 4+b 4·χ     (14)
其中,a 1的取值范围为450~680,b 1的取值范围为-18~-35;
a 2的取值范围为270~420,b 2的取值范围为45~75;
a 3和a 4的取值范围为1200~2000,b 3和b 4的取值范围为-80~-135。
根据反应堆压力容器钢的材料合金元素成分含量、材料的缺陷分布类型及数量浓度、材料制造时的实际热处理工艺,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱大小特征的影响,并结合反应堆压力容器钢初始状态的磁化率(χ) 初始与无延性转变温度(RT NDT) 初始、上平台能量(USE) 初始、抗拉强度(R m) 初始和屈服强度(R p0.2) 初始,以及该反应堆早期的辐照监督试样测试数据加以修正后确定,a 1 取值534,b 1取值-25,a 2取值-342,b 2取值59,a 3取值1756,b 3取值-102,a 4取值1743,b 4取值-110。因此,公式(11)至公式(14)为:
RT NDT=534-25χ     (11)
USE=-342+59χ     (12)
R m=1756-102χ     (13)
R p0.2=1743-110χ     (14)
在测得的实时磁化率χ=10.15时,可计算出实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
RT NDT=534-25×10.15=280K
USE=-342+59×10.15=257J
R m=1756-102×10.15=721MPa
R p0.2=1743-110×10.15=627MPa。
S14、安全评估:
RT NDT=280K<(RT NDT) 上限=366K,同时,USE=257J>(USE) 下限=68J,所以将上述计算出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测;具体过程与传统的辐照监督分析方法相同。
预先设定的磁化率下降速率的预警值为1%/年,本实施例中磁化率χ下降速率为0.56%/年,低于安全预警值1%/年,因此无需对反应堆压力容器开展进一步的安全评估论证。
对比例1
为验证本发明利用磁化率的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法的有效性,取具有相同辐照损伤程度(一般指具有相同的中子辐照累积注量)的传统的反应堆压力容器辐照监督试样进行破坏性力学性能试验,实测并获得 其实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
表2列出了实施例1与对比例1得出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
表2
Figure PCTCN2017116357-appb-000002
通过表2可以看出,实施例1采用本发明利用磁化率的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法计算得到的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值与对比例1实测值非常接近;偏差值均在可接受的范围之内,不会对后续反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的安全评价带来影响,而且由于反应堆压力容器钢的磁化率测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期以及未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据。再结合磁化率的下降速率,双重监测,可保证压力容器在运行过程中的安全性。
结合以上对本发明的详细描述可以看出,相对于现有技术,本发明利用磁化率的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法至少具有以下有益技术效果:
(1)根据磁化率对力学性能参数的函数关系,可实现对反应堆压力容器钢损伤程度的实时监测,并结合磁化率的下降速率,双重监测保证压力容器在运行过程中的安全性;
(2)由于反应堆压力容器钢的磁化率测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期,包括未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据,实现实时监测;
(3)测试设备及操作不需要特殊的辐射安全防护要求,且对设备外界空间基本无要求,安全性较好,尤其是不产生放射性废物,基本无三废处理需求;
(4)可同时监控反应堆压力容器多个位置的辐照损伤程度,尤其适用于监控在役检查时发现的微裂纹或疑似微裂纹的萌生、扩展行为。
利用剩余磁化强度M R的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法
实施例1
一种利用剩余磁化强度的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其包括以下步骤:
从反应堆压力容器钢设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询并记录未辐照初始状态的无延性转变温度(RT NDT) 初始=241K、上平台能量(USE) 初始=335J、抗拉强度(R m) 初始=591MPa和屈服强度(R p0.2) 初始=483MPa。
S21、测得反应堆压力容器钢未辐照状态监测部位的初始剩余磁化强度(M R) 初始=1.33emu/g;核电站正常运行20年后,实时测得反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位辐照损伤后的剩余磁化强度M R=0.99emu/g;根据公式(21)可得到实时剩余磁化强度M R相对于未辐照初始状态的剩余磁化强度(M R) 初始的剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R
ΔM R=[M R-(M R) 初始]/(M R) 初始     (21)
ΔM R=(0.99-1.33)/1.33=-25.56%
经研究发现剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R与实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率ΔRT NDT、实时上平台能量USE的变化率ΔUSE、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率ΔR m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率ΔR p0.2呈现出规律的函数关系,因此根据剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R可得到实时力学性能参数的数据,具体函数关系表现为公式(22)至(25):
ΔRT NDT=λ 1·ΔM R      (22)
ΔUSE=λ 2·ΔM R     (23)
ΔR m=λ 3·ΔM R      (24)
ΔR p0.2=λ 4·ΔM R     (25)
根据反应堆压力容器钢材料的化学元素成分、材料的加工工艺、材料的缺陷分布类型、辐照温度,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱的大小特征等这些因素,可大概确定出比例系数λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4的取值,再通过传统的辐照监督试样力学性能试验加以修正,最终得出λ 1=0.62,λ 2=0.95,λ 3=0.87,λ 4=1.10。所以,ΔRT NDT、ΔUSE、ΔR m和ΔR p0.2的计算过程如下:
ΔRT NDT=0.62ΔM R=-15.85%
ΔUSE=0.95ΔM R=-24.28%
ΔR m=0.87ΔM R=-22.24%
ΔR p0.2=1.10ΔM R=-28.12%
在已知(RT NDT) 初始、(USE) 初始、(R m) 初始和(R p0.2) 初始,以及ΔRT NDT、ΔUSE、ΔR m和ΔR p0.2的情况下,根据公式(26)至(29)可计算出本实施例中实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2
RT NDT=(1-ΔRT NDT)·(RT NDT) 初始     (26)
USE=(1+ΔUSE)·(USE) 初始      (27)
R m=(1-ΔR m)·(R m) 初始      (28)
R p0.2=(1-ΔR p0.2)·(R p0.2) 初始       (29)
因此,RT NDT、USE、R m和R p0.2的具体计算过程如下:
RT NDT=[1-(-15.85%)]×241=279.19K
USE=[1+(-24.28%)]×335=253.66J
R m=[1-(-22.24%)]×591=722.42MPa
R p0.2=[1-(-28.12%)]×483=618.8MPa
S22、将上述计算出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测;具体过程与传统的辐照监督分析方法相同。
对比例1
为验证本发明利用剩余磁化强度的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法的有效性,取具有相同辐照损伤程度(一般指具有相同的中子辐照累积注量)的传统的反应堆压力容器辐照监督试样进行破坏性力学性能试验,实测并获得其实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
表3列出了实施例1与对比例1得出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值。
表3
Figure PCTCN2017116357-appb-000003
通过表3可以看出,实施例1采用本发明利用剩余磁化强度的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法计算得到的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值分别为279.19K、253.66J、722.42Mpa和618.8Mpa,而对比例1实测的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值分别为274K、260J、717MPa和623MPa。
由此可见,实施例1计算出的数据与对比例1实测值非常接近,偏差均在6左右,偏差值均在可接受的范围之内,因此本发明利用剩余磁化强度的核电站 反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法可代替传统的辐照监督分析方法,而且可实时监测,可适用于核电站的全寿期,同时对监测所需条件无特殊要求,监测成本低,更具实用性。
结合以上对本发明的详细描述可以看出,相对于现有技术,本发明利用剩余磁化强度的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法至少具有以下有益技术效果:
(1)通过对压力反应堆容器钢进行实时剩余磁化强度的监测,可实现实时监控并评估压力容器的损伤程度,随时掌握反应容器的运行状态,保证整体的安全性。
(2)实时监控评估的全过程对压力堆反应容器不会产生任何损伤,并可实现多个监测部位的同时监测,即易于操作,出结果速度快,而且得出的数据精确,经济环保,可完全代替传统的辐照监督分析方法。
(3)整个监测评估的过程中不会接触和产生放射性物质,因此不需要特殊的辐射安全防护要求,安全性较好,基本无三废处理需求。
利用矫顽力H C的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法
实施例1
一种利用矫顽力的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其包括以下步骤:
从反应堆压力容器钢设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询并记录未辐照初始状态的无延性转变温度(RT NDT) 初始=241K、上平台能量(USE) 初始=335J、抗拉强度(R m) 初始=591MPa和屈服强度(R p0.2) 初始=483MPa。
S31、初始监测:核电站首次装料运行之前,测得反应堆压力容器钢监测部位的初始矫顽力(H C) 初始=10.2Oe;
S32、在线监控:核电站正常运行20年后,测得反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位辐照损伤后的矫顽力H C=9.6Oe;
S33、实时分析:基于初始矫顽力(H C) 初始和实时测得的矫顽力H C,根据公式(31)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的矫顽力变化率ΔH C
ΔH C=[H C-(H C) 初始]/(H C) 初始     (31)
ΔH C=(9.6-10.2)/10.2=-5.88%
实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率Δ(RT NDT)、实时上平台能量USE的变化率Δ(USE)、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率Δ(R m)和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率Δ(R p0.2)与矫顽力变化率ΔH C具有函数关系,根据公式(32)至(35)可计算出上述力学性能参数的变化率:
Δ(RT NDT)=λ 1·ΔH C      (32)
Δ(USE)=λ 2·ΔH C     (33)
Δ(R m)=λ 3·ΔH C      (34)
Δ(R p0.2)=λ 4·ΔH C      (35)
其中,λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4为比例系数,具体取值受反应堆压力容器钢的材料中合金元素成分含量、材料的缺陷分布类型及数量浓度、材料制造时的实际热处理工艺,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱的大小特征等相关因素的影响。在本实施例中,考虑上述影响因素后,再通过传统的辐照监督试样力学性能试验加以修正,得出λ 1=2.82,λ 2=4.01,λ 3=3.39,λ 4=4.68。
因此,可计算出本实施例中实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率Δ(RT NDT)、实时上平台能量USE的变化率Δ(USE)、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率Δ(R m)和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率Δ(R p0.2):
Δ(RT NDT)=2.82ΔH C=-16.58%
Δ(USE)=4.01ΔH C=-23.58%
Δ(R m)=3.39ΔH C=-19.93%
Δ(R p0.2)=4.68ΔH C=-27.52%
再根据公式(36)至(39)计算本实施例中实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、 实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2
RT NDT=(1-ΔRT NDT)·(RT NDT) 初始    (36)
USE=(1+ΔUSE)·(USE) 初始     (37)
R m=(1-ΔR m)·(R m) 初始      (38)
R p0.2=(1-ΔR p0.2)·(R p0.2) 初始      (39)
因此,本实施例中实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2的计算过程为:
RT NDT=[1-(-16.58%)]×241=280.96K
USE=[1+(-23.58%)]×335=256.01J
R m=[1-(-19.93%]×591=708.81MPa
R p0.2=[1-(-27.52%]×483=615.91MPa
S34、损伤评估:将上述计算出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测;具体过程与传统的辐照监督分析方法相同。
对比例1
为验证本发明利用矫顽力的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法的有效性,取具有相同辐照损伤程度(一般指具有相同的中子辐照累积注量)的传统的反应堆压力容器辐照监督试样进行破坏性力学性能试验,实测并获得其实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
表4列出了实施例1与对比例1得出的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值。
通过表4可以看出,实施例1采用本发明利用矫顽力的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法计算得到的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平 台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的数值与对比例1实测值非常接近;偏差值均在可接受的范围之内,不会对后续反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的安全评价带来影响。
因此可采用本发明利用矫顽力的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法代替传统的辐照监督分析方法,不仅方法简单,数据精确,而且可实现实时在线评估,同时反应堆压力容器钢的矫顽力测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期以及未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据。
表4
Figure PCTCN2017116357-appb-000004
结合以上对本发明的详细描述可以看出,相对于现有技术,本发明利用矫顽力的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法至少具有以下有益技术效果:
(1)根据矫顽力变化率与力学性能参数的函数关系,可实现对反应堆压力容器钢损伤程度的实时监测,保证压力容器在运行过程中的安全性;
(2)由于反应堆压力容器钢的矫顽力测试是无损的,因此在核电站全寿期,包括未来延寿运行期间可无限次测试获取数据,实现实时监测;
(3)测试设备及操作不需要特殊的辐射安全防护要求,且对设备外界空间基本无要求,安全性较好,尤其是不产生放射性废物,基本无三废处理需求;
(4)可同时监控反应堆压力容器多个位置的辐照损伤程度,尤其适用于监控在役检查时发现的微裂纹或疑似微裂纹的萌生、扩展行为。
根据上述原理,本发明还可以对上述实施方式进行适当的变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上面揭示和描述的具体实施方式,对本发明的一些修改 和变更也应当落入本发明的权利要求的保护范围内。此外,尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语,但这些术语只是为了方便说明,并不对本发明构成任何限制。

Claims (33)

  1. 一种核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S01、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢某一监测部位的磁性能参数,所述磁性能参数为磁化率χ、剩余磁化强度M R和矫顽力H C中的任意一种;
    S02、基于实时测得的磁性能参数计算出反应堆压力容器的中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能;以及
    S03、以中子辐照损伤注量Φ或力学性能作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中其结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述磁性能参数为磁化率χ时,基于实时测得的磁化率χ计算中子辐照损伤注量Φ,表现为公式(01):
    Φ=c 1·㏑(b 1-a 1·χ)            (01)
    其中,a 1的取值范围为0.75-1.38,b 1的取值范围为8.78-16.75,c 1的取值范围为0.042-0.17。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述a 1、b 1和c 1取值的影响因素包括反应堆压力容器钢初始状态的微观组织特征和核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S11、安全阈值确定:确定并记录反应堆压力容器钢的无延性转变温度的上限临界值(RT NDT) 上限和上平台能量的下限临界值(USE) 下限
    S12、实时监测:核电站正常运行期间,测得任意时间点反应堆压力容器监 测部位辐照损伤后的磁化率χ;
    S13、分析计算:根据实时测得的磁化率χ,计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
    S14、安全评估:基于磁化率的下降速率和获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行安全评估。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述无延性转变温度的上限临界值(RT NDT) 上限和上平台能量的下限临界值(USE) 下限根据核电站所在国家的核安全法规要求、核电站运行时所采用的核安全大纲、反应堆压力容器的具体部位确定而得到。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,基于实时测得的所述磁化率χ,根据公式(11)至公式(14)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
    RT NDT=a 1+b 1·χ     (11)
    USE=a 2+b 2·χ       (12)
    R m=a 3+b 3·χ        (13)
    R p0.2=a 4+b 4·χ     (14)
    其中,a 1的取值范围为450~680,b 1的取值范围为-18~-35;
    a 2的取值范围为270~420,b 2的取值范围为45~75;
    a 3和a 4的取值范围为1200~2000,b 3和b 4的取值范围为-80~-135。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述a 1与b 1、a 2与b 2、a 3与b 3、a 4与b 4的取值可分别通过反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的磁化率(χ) 初始与无延性转变温度(RT NDT) 、上平台能量(USE) 初始、抗拉强度(R m) 初始和屈服强度(R p0.2) 初始,并结合传统的辐照监督试样力学性能试验结果加以确定或修正。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述磁化率(χ) 初始的测试过程为:在所述反应堆压力容器安装到位之后,在核电站首次装料运行之前,测得所述反应堆压力容器钢的初始磁化率(χ) 初始
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述(RT NDT) 初始、(USE) 初始、(R m) 初始和(R p0.2) 初始可从反应堆压力容器设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询获得。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述a 1、a 2、a 3和a 4,b 1、b 2、b 3和b 4的取值影响因素包括:反应堆压力容器钢的材料中合金元素成分含量、材料的缺陷分布类型及数量浓度、材料制造时的实际热处理工艺,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱的大小特征。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,当获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT<(RT NDT) 上限,且实时上平台能量USE>(USE) 下限时,将所述实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,预先设定磁化率下降速率的预警值,在获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT<(RT NDT) 上限,且实时上平台能量USE>(USE) 下限时,当实时测得的磁化率下降速率超过预设的预警值时,对反应堆压力容器开展进一步的安全评估论证。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方 法,其特征在于,所述磁化率下降速率的预警值≥1%/年。
  14. 根据权利要求6所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,当获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT≥(RT NDT) 上限,或实时上平台能量USE≤(USE) 下限时,对反应堆压力容器开展全面的安全评估论证。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述磁性能参数为剩余磁化强度M R时,基于实时测得的剩余磁化强度M R计算中子辐照损伤注量Φ,表现为公式(12):
    Φ=b 2-a 2·M R             (12)
    其中,a 2的取值范围为0.087-0.23,b 2的取值范围为0.12-0.31。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述a 2和b 2取值的影响因素包括反应堆压力容器钢初始状态的微观组织特征和核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S21、实时监测核电站正常运行期间的反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位的剩余磁化强度M R,根据实时剩余磁化强度M R相对于未辐照初始状态的剩余磁化强度(M R) 初始的剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R,计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
    S22、基于获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行分析评估。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R可根据公式(21)计算得出:
    ΔM R=[M R-(M R) 初始]/(M R) 初始         (21)。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述剩余磁化强度变化率ΔM R与实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率ΔRT NDT、实时上平台能量USE的变化率ΔUSE、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率ΔR m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率ΔR p0.2具有函数关系,表现为公式(22)至(25):
    ΔRT NDT=λ 1·ΔM R     (22)
    ΔUSE=λ 2·ΔM R      (23)
    ΔR m=λ 3·ΔM R       (24)
    ΔR p0.2=λ 4·ΔM R     (25)
    其中,λ 1的取值范围为0.42-0.86,λ 2的取值范围为0.65-1.35,λ 3的取值范围为0.51-1.39,λ 4的取值范围为0.51-1.39。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4的取值范围受反应堆压力容器钢材料的化学元素成分、材料的加工工艺、材料的缺陷分布类型、辐照温度,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱的大小特征的影响。
  21. 根据权利要求19所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4可通过传统的辐照监督试样力学性能试验加以确定或修正。
  22. 根据权利要求19所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,基于已知的(RT NDT) 初始、(USE) 初始、(R m) 初始和(R p0.2) 初始,以及计算得到的ΔRT NDT、ΔUSE、ΔR m和ΔR p0.2,可得出实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2,表现为公式(26)至(9):
    RT NDT=(1-ΔRT NDT)·(RT NDT) 初始     (26)
    USE=(1+ΔUSE)·(USE) 初始          (27)
    R m=(1-ΔR m)·(R m) 初始            (28)
    R p0.2=(1-ΔR p0.2)·(R p0.2) 初始    (29)
    其中,(RT NDT) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态无延性转变温度;
    (USE) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的上平台能量;
    (R m) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的抗拉强度;
    (R p0.2) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的屈服强度。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述(RT NDT) 初始、(USE) 初始、(R m) 初始和(R p0.2) 初始均可从反应堆压力容器设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询获得。
  24. 根据权利要求22所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,将所述实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述磁性能参数为矫顽力H C时,基于实时测得的矫顽力H C计算中子辐照损伤注量Φ,表现为公式(3):
    Φ=D-a 3·H C+b 3·(H C) 2-c 3·(H C) 3       (33)
    其中,a 3的取值范围为1.79-3.21,b 3的取值范围为0.19-0.41,c 3的取值范围为0.007-0.19,D的取值范围为5.64-9.23。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述D、a 3、b 3和c 3取值的影响因素包括反应堆压力容器钢初始状态的微观组织特征和核电站运行期间反应堆中子辐照场能谱。
  27. 根据权利要求1所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    S31、初始监测:核电站首次装料运行之前,测得反应堆压力容器钢监测部 位的初始矫顽力(H C) 初始
    S32、在线监控:核电站正常运行期间,测得任意时间点反应堆压力容器钢同一监测部位辐照损伤后的矫顽力H C
    S33、实时分析:基于所述初始矫顽力(H C) 初始和任意时间点测得的矫顽力H C,根据公式(1)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的矫顽力变化率ΔH C
    ΔH C=[H C-(H C) 初始]/(H C) 初始         (31)
    根据得出的矫顽力变化率ΔH C计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2
    S34、损伤评估:基于获得的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m和实时屈服强度R p0.2,对反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤程度进行安全评估。
  28. 根据权利要求27所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,基于所述矫顽力变化率ΔH C,根据公式(32)至(35)计算反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤过程中的实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率ΔRT NDT、实时上平台能量USE的变化率ΔUSE、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率ΔR m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率ΔR p0.2
    ΔRT NDT=λ 1·ΔH C     (32)
    ΔUSE=λ 2·ΔH C      (33)
    ΔR m=λ 3·ΔH C       (34)
    ΔR p0.2=λ 4·ΔH C     (35)
    其中,λ 1的取值范围为2.11-3.48,λ 2的取值范围为3.37-4.84,λ 3的取值范围为2.91-5.62,λ 4的取值范围为2.91-5.62。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4取值的影响因素包括:反应堆压力容器 钢的材料中合金元素成分含量、材料的缺陷分布类型及数量浓度、材料制造时的实际热处理工艺,以及核电站运行期间反应堆堆芯中子辐照场能谱的大小特征。
  30. 根据权利要求28所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述λ 1、λ 2、λ 3和λ 4可通过传统的辐照监督试样力学性能试验加以确定或修正。
  31. 根据权利要求28所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,基于所述实时无延性转变温度RT NDT的变化率ΔRT NDT、实时上平台能量USE的变化率ΔUSE、实时抗拉强度R m的变化率ΔR m和实时屈服强度R p0.2的变化率ΔR p0.2,根据公式(36)至(39)计算实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2
    RT NDT=(1-ΔRT NDT)·(RT NDT) 初始    (36)
    USE=(1+ΔUSE)·(USE) 初始         (37)
    R m=(1-ΔR m)·(R m) 初始            (38)
    R p0.2=(1-ΔR p0.2)·(R p0.2) 初始    (39)
    其中,(RT NDT) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态无延性转变温度;
    (USE) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的上平台能量;
    (R m) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的抗拉强度;
    (R p0.2) 初始为反应堆压力容器钢未辐照初始状态的屈服强度。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,所述(RT NDT) 初始、(USE) 初始、(R m) 初始和(R p0.2) 初始均可从反应堆压力容器设备制造厂提供的设备完工报告中查询获得。
  33. 根据权利要求31所述的核电站反应堆压力容器辐照损伤的无损评估方法,其特征在于,将所述实时无延性转变温度RT NDT、实时上平台能量USE、实时抗拉强度R m、实时屈服强度R p0.2作为分析输入参数,对反应堆压力容器辐照 损伤过程中的结构完整性进行安全评估或寿命预测。
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CN107146646A (zh) * 2017-05-09 2017-09-08 中广核工程有限公司 核电站反应堆压力容器钢辐照损伤无损评估方法
CN107358983A (zh) * 2017-07-20 2017-11-17 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司 监测核电站反应堆压力容器中子辐照损伤注量的方法

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