WO2018205262A1 - 基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅及其制作方法 - Google Patents

基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅及其制作方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205262A1
WO2018205262A1 PCT/CN2017/084172 CN2017084172W WO2018205262A1 WO 2018205262 A1 WO2018205262 A1 WO 2018205262A1 CN 2017084172 W CN2017084172 W CN 2017084172W WO 2018205262 A1 WO2018205262 A1 WO 2018205262A1
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Prior art keywords
fiber
tapered
grating
optical fiber
taper
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PCT/CN2017/084172
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
廖常锐
王义平
王英
何俊
朱峰
李正勇
杨天航
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Shenzhen University
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Shenzhen University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber applications, in particular to a phase shift grating based on a taper fiber and a manufacturing method thereof.
  • Fiber phase shift gratings are widely used in many fields.
  • the existing fiber phase shift grating preparation methods have many drawbacks.
  • the current preparation technology is basically based on the phase mask version of the grating writing technology, the phase mask version is expensive and difficult to maintain, which undoubtedly increases the investment in the grating preparation system;
  • the grid period of a phase mask It is certain that it is not flexible to change the wavelength corresponding to the phase shift peak of the phase shift grating; again, a wider application of the phase shift grating is used in tunable devices, and most of the current phase shift gratings are not tunable.
  • the tunable phase-shift grating is tunable by destroying the structure of the fiber by ablating a circular hole or a corroding channel, and then filling in different refractive index liquids, which will damage the rigidity of the device and cause pollution, and its response speed. Slower.
  • the existing fiber phase-shifted grating basically has one or more defects as described below: complicated preparation process, high manufacturing cost, poor flexibility, low reliability, and slow response speed.
  • the present invention intends to provide a phase shift grating based on a taper fiber with simple structure, simple manufacturing method, good flexibility, high reliability and fast response speed. .
  • the invention is implemented in this way, a method for fabricating a phase shift grating based on a taper fiber, comprising the following steps:
  • the two-stage flattened optical fiber is subjected to taper welding according to a preset taper welding manner to obtain a tapered optical fiber having a fiber taper region;
  • the tilting platform is fixed on the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform, moving the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform and performing synchronous observation through the microscope to make the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber Parallel to the horizontal direction, the energy density of the spot of the focused femtosecond laser is adjusted to a preset size by adjusting the laser energy control device;
  • optical fiber having the tapered region is obtained by performing the taper welding of the two-stage flattened optical fiber according to a preset taper welding manner, including:
  • the discharge welding is performed to obtain the tapered optical fiber.
  • the fixing the tapered optical fiber to the pitching platform comprises:
  • the position of the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform is adjusted such that the core of the tapered optical fiber is focused under a high power objective lens, and the tilting of the tilting and lowering platform is adjusted to make the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber parallel to the horizontal direction.
  • the laser energy control device is a combined device of a 1/2 wave plate and a Glan prism.
  • the preset size of the energy density of the spot of the focused femtosecond laser is specifically:
  • a locally uniform suitable refractive index intensity modulated laser energy can be formed such that the linearly modified regions along the radial direction of the tapered optical fiber are continuously smooth
  • the topography, the refractive index intensity modulation ⁇ n 10 -4 -10 -2 .
  • the spot of the femtosecond laser has a preset distance from the upper edge of the core of the tapered fiber of 0 to 20 microns.
  • the raster writing method includes:
  • the fiber Bragg grating is arranged with a grid pitch of 0.5 micrometers to 20 micrometers, a grid period of 50 to 3000, a single grating stripe length of 9 micrometers to 40 micrometers, and a scanning speed of 0.01 millimeters per second to 0.4 millimeters per second;
  • Controlling a shutter switch driving the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform, causing a spot of the femtosecond laser to scan line by line along a radial direction of the tapered optical fiber, and writing a segment of the same parameter on the left and right sides of the tapered cone region Fiber Bragg grating.
  • the writing a fiber Bragg grating having the same parameter on the left and right sides of the tapered cone region includes:
  • the edge of the core is a preset distance
  • the second fiber Bragg grating inscription is completed by scanning the same number of grating periods as the first fiber Bragg grating by a line-by-line scanning method.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a phase shift grating based on a taper fiber, comprising a fiber taper region, and a grating writing region respectively located at two ends of the fiber taper region;
  • a grating Bragg grating having a preset structure written by direct exposure of a femtosecond laser of a preset wavelength on the raster writing area;
  • the fiber Bragg grating has a total length of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, a single grid period of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m, and a single grating stripe having a length of 9 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m;
  • the fiber taper region has a length of 0.05 mm to 2 mm.
  • the fiber taper region is drawn by a fiber fusion splicer or a oxyhydrogen flame cone machine.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the phase-shifting grating based on the taper fiber prepared by the manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts an all-fiber structure, thereby avoiding the influence of electromagnetic interference on the detection result.
  • the phase shift grating has the advantages of simple structure, simple manufacturing method, good flexibility, high reliability and fast response speed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for fabricating a phase grating based on a taper fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the end faces of two optical fibers to be welded according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the obtained cone-containing optical fiber after the taper welding is completed according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a femtosecond laser micromachining system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the first fiber Bragg grating inscription completed by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a phase shift grating based on a tapered optical fiber according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a method for fabricating a phase grating based on a taper fiber provided by the present invention, comprising:
  • the two-stage flattened optical fiber is subjected to taper welding according to a preset taper welding manner to obtain a taper fiber having a fiber taper region.
  • the step includes: flattening the end faces of the two sections of fibers, and aligning the cores of the two sections of the cut fibers; selecting a preset welding mode in the fusion splicer to adjust the welding discharge amount of the fusion splicer, Parameters such as cone length, motor moving speed, and taper time are then subjected to discharge welding to obtain the tapered fiber.
  • S102 Fix the tapered optical fiber on a tilting platform, the tilting platform is fixed on an electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform, move the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform, and perform synchronous observation through a microscope to make the tapered optical fiber
  • the axial direction is parallel to the horizontal direction, and the energy density of the spot of the focused femtosecond laser is adjusted to a preset size by adjusting the laser energy in the optical path through which the beam of the femtosecond laser passes.
  • the step of fixing the taper fiber to the tilting platform comprises: fixing the taper fiber to the tilting platform using a fiber clamp; and then moving the electronically controlled three-dimensional mobile platform And performing synchronous observation through the microscope, the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber being parallel to the horizontal direction includes: adjusting a position of the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform, and focusing the core of the tapered optical fiber under a high magnification objective lens, ie NA>1), adjusting the pitch of the pitching platform causes the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber to be parallel to the horizontal direction.
  • the laser energy control device is a combination of a 1/2 wave plate and a Glan prism, or other device that can modulate the attenuated light energy.
  • the preset size of the energy density of the spot of the focused femtosecond laser is specifically: at a moving speed v of 0.01 mm per second to 0.4 mm per second (0.01 mm/s to 0.4 mm/s), which can form a local uniformity
  • a suitable refractive index intensity modulates the laser energy of ⁇ n (10 -4 -10 -2 ) such that the linearly modified regions along the radial direction of the tapered fiber have a continuous smooth topography.
  • the spot of the femtosecond laser has a preset distance from the upper edge of the core of the tapered fiber of 0 to 20 microns.
  • the raster writing method includes:
  • the fiber Bragg grating is arranged with a grid pitch of 0.5 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m, a grid period of 50 to 3000, a single grating stripe length of 9 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, and a scanning speed of 0.01 mm per second to 0.4 mm per second; a switch for driving the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform to scan a spot of the femtosecond laser along a radial direction of the tapered optical fiber, and writing a fiber Bragg grating having the same parameter on the left and right sides of the tapered cone region .
  • the writing a fiber Bragg grating having the same parameter on the left and right sides of the tapered cone region includes:
  • the spot position is positioned at a preset position of the upper edge of the core, and the first fiber Bragg grating inscription is completed by scanning the grating cycle number by a line scan method; closing the shutter, moving the electronically controlled three-dimensional mobile platform,
  • the spot position of the femtosecond laser is moved to the right end position of the tapered cone region, and the spot of the femtosecond laser is controlled to be a preset distance from the edge of the core of the tapered optical fiber, and scanned by a line-by-line scanning method.
  • the second fiber Bragg grating is written with the same number of grating periods as the first fiber Bragg grating.
  • the end faces of the two fibers to be welded are cut flat, and the end faces to be welded are placed in the fiber fusion splicer 3.
  • 1 denotes a cladding portion of the fiber
  • 2 denotes a core portion of the fiber.
  • Figure 4 shows the fiber after the taper is fixed to the three-dimensional mobile platform by the fiber clamp.
  • 101 represents a femtosecond laser
  • 102, 104 respectively represent a 1/2 wave plate
  • 103 is a Glan prism
  • 105 is a shutter
  • 106 is a microscope system
  • 107 is a spectrometer
  • 108 is a laser light source
  • 109 is The electronically controlled three-dimensional mobile platform
  • 110 represents the tapered optical fiber obtained by the taper welding in FIG. 3
  • the 111 and 112 respectively are the double-arm clamps for fixing the optical fiber.
  • the microscope system 106 includes a 100 ⁇ objective lens and a CCD device capable of communicating with a computer.
  • the electronically controlled three-dimensional mobile platform 109 is movable in a three-dimensional space, and its level can be adjusted by an adjustment knob, and the clamps 111 and 112 pass through the mechanism.
  • the fixed manner is fixed on the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform 109, and the tapered optical fiber 110 is fixed by the clamps 111, 112.
  • the microscope system 106 is observed and the axial direction of the tapered optical fiber 110 is horizontally adjusted by adjusting the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform 109; then, the laser can be adjusted by rotating the first half-wave plate 102.
  • the energy on the tapered optical fiber 110 is selected to be a suitable energy; finally, the laser can be controlled to be exposed or not exposed on the tapered optical fiber 110 by controlling the switch of the shutter 105.
  • the function of the shutter 105 is to control its opening and closing by software to control the passage of the optical path and to be blocked (not passed).
  • Figure 5 shows the first fiber Bragg grating completed by writing, where 501 represents the cladding portion of the fiber, 502 represents the core of the fiber, and 503 represents the grid stripes.
  • the laser spot is positioned 5 ⁇ m above the upper edge of the core of the raster write area of 1.07 mm from the left end of the fiber taper region by adjusting the electronically controlled three-dimensional moving platform and shutter.
  • the parameters of the fiber Bragg grating including: the grid spacing of the fiber Bragg grating is 2.141 ⁇ m, the number of grid periods is 500, the length of a single grid is 20 ⁇ m, the scanning speed is 0.15 ⁇ m/s, and the line is started after the shutter is opened.
  • the grating program is written.
  • the laser spot will be exposed on the raster write area and scanned along the fiber radial line by line. Each time a stripe is written, it will move to the right side of the fiber for a period of one cycle. As mentioned earlier, when the program is executed, the first fiber Bragg grating is written, and the spectrum of a single fiber Bragg grating can be observed on the spectrometer.
  • Figure 6 shows two fiber Bragg gratings that are inscribed, which is ultimately a phase-shifted grating based on a taper fiber in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the position of the spot will be at the left end of the tapered fiber.
  • the spot position is moved to the right side of the tapered fiber, and then the process of writing the fiber Bragg grating is described above.
  • the program is executed, the second grating is also written, and the final phase-shifted grating spectrum can be observed on the spectrometer.
  • the spectrometer In the process of writing the grating, the spectrometer is used to monitor the transmission spectrum in real time.
  • a Bragg resonance peak appears near the corresponding wavelength, and the resonance peak depth continues as the number of grating periods increases. deepen;

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅的制作方法，涉及光纤应用技术领域，包括：将两段切平的光纤进行拉锥熔接得到拉锥光纤（S101）；将拉锥光纤固定于位于电控三维移动平台上的仰俯台上，移动电控三维移动平台并进行同步观察，使拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行，将聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度调节到预置大小（S102）；将飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到距离拉锥区域的左侧的预置距离，并将飞秒激光的光斑移动到距离拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘预置距离，按照预置光栅写制方法对所述拉锥区域的两端进行光纤布拉格光栅写制（S103）。采用该方法制作的基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅，采用全光纤式结构，可避免电磁干扰。同时，其结构及制作工艺简单，可靠性高，灵活性好。

Description

基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅及其制作方法 技术领域
本发明涉及光纤应用技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅及其制作方法。
 背景技术
光纤相移光栅在众多领域具有广泛应用。然而，现有的光纤相移光栅制备方法存在诸多缺陷。首先，目前的制备技术基本是基于相位掩膜版的光栅刻写技术，相位掩膜版造价昂贵并且保养维护困难，这无疑增加了光栅制备系统的投入；其次，一块相位掩膜版的栅格周期是一定的，因此无法灵活地改变相移光栅相移峰对应的波长；再次，相移光栅的一个较广泛应用是用于可调谐器件中，而目前大多数的相移光栅是非可调谐的，而可调谐的相移光栅是通过烧蚀圆孔或者腐蚀通道等破坏光纤结构的方式然后填入不同折射率液体达到可调谐目的，这将破坏器件的刚性，并容易造成污染，而且其响应速度较慢。综合来看，现有的光纤相移光栅基本存在如下所述的一种或多种缺陷：制备工艺复杂、制作成本高、灵活性差、可靠性低、响应速度慢等。
技术问题
针对以上利用传统技术制备光纤相移光栅的过程中存在的问题，本发明拟提供一种结构简单、制作方法简单、灵活性好、可靠性高、响应速度快的基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅。
 技术解决方案
本发明是这样实现的，一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅的制作方法，包括如下步骤：
将两段切平的光纤按照预置拉锥熔接方式进行拉锥熔接得到具备光纤拉锥区域的拉锥光纤；
将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上，所述仰俯台固定于电控三维移动平台，移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行，通过调节激光能量控制器件将聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度调节到预置大小；
将所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到距离所述拉锥区域的左侧与待写制的光纤布拉格光栅的长度相等的距离，并将所述飞秒激光的光斑移动到距离所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘预置距离，按照预置光栅写制方法对所述拉锥区域的两端进行光纤布拉格光栅写制，在光栅写制过程中，对光谱仪中的透射光谱进行实时监测直至得到预置光谱。
进一步地，所述将两段切平的光纤按照预置拉锥熔接方式进行拉锥熔接得到具备拉锥区域的光纤包括：
将两段光纤的端面切平，并将切平后的两段光纤的纤芯对准；
选择熔接机中的预置熔接模式，调节所述熔接机的熔接放电量、锥区长度、马达移动速度及拉锥时间；
进行放电熔接，得到所述拉锥光纤。
进一步地，所述将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上包括：
使用光纤夹具将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上；
则所述移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行包括：
调节所述电控三维移动平台的位置，使所述拉锥光纤的纤芯在高倍物镜下聚焦，调节所述仰俯台的仰俯使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行。
进一步地，所述激光能量控制器件为1/2波片与格兰棱镜的组合器件。
进一步地，所述聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度的预置大小具体为：
在0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒的移动速度下，能够形成局部均匀的合适的折射率强度调制的激光能量，使得沿所述拉锥光纤的径向的线状改性区域具有连续平滑的形貌，所述折射率强度调制Δn=10-4—10-2。
进一步地，所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘的预置距离为0至20微米。
进一步地，所述光栅写制方法包括：
设置光纤布拉格光栅的栅格间距为0.5微米至20微米，栅格周期数50至3000，单个光栅条纹长度为9微米至40微米，扫描速度为0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒；
控制快门的开关，驱动所述电控三维移动平台，使飞秒激光的光斑沿所述拉锥光纤的径向逐线扫描，并在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅。
进一步地，所述在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅包括：
将飞秒激光的光斑调节至距离所述拉锥区域左端的0.5毫米至3毫米处，并使光斑位置定位于纤芯上边缘的预置位置，通过逐线扫描方法扫描所述光栅周期数完成第一个光纤布拉格光栅刻写；
关闭所述快门，移动所述电控三维移动平台，使所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到所述拉锥区域的右端位置，控制所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯的边缘为预置距离，通过逐线扫描方法扫描与所述第一个光纤布拉格光栅相同的光栅周期数完成第二个光纤布拉格光栅刻写。
本发明实施例还提供了一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅，包括光纤拉锥区域，及分别位于所述光纤拉锥区域两端的光栅写制区域；
所述光栅写制区域上具有通过预置波长的飞秒激光直接曝光写制的预置结构的光纤布拉格光栅；
所述光纤布拉格光栅的总长度为0.5毫米至5毫米，单个栅格周期为0.5微米至10微米，单条光栅条纹的长度为9微米至40微米；
所述光纤拉锥区域的长度为0.05毫米至2毫米。
进一步地，所述光纤拉锥区域通过光纤熔接机或者氢氧焰拉锥机拉制而成。
 有益效果
本发明与现有技术相比，有益效果在于：通过本发明实施例提供的制作方法制备的基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅，采用全光纤式结构，可避免电磁干扰对检测结果的影响。同时，该相移光栅结构简单、制作方法简单、灵活性好、可靠性高、响应速度快。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的一种基于拉锥光纤的相位光栅的制作方法的流程图；
图2是本发明实施例提供的两光纤待熔接端面被切平的示意图；
图3本发明实施例提供的拉锥熔接完成后，得到的含锥区的光纤；
图4本发明实施例提供的飞秒激光显微加工系统的结构示意图；
图5本发明实施例提供的第一个光纤布拉格光栅刻写完成的示意图；
图6本发明实施例提供的基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅的结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
本发明提供的基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅（以下简称拉锥相移光栅），通过飞秒激光逐线法在光纤拉锥区域的两侧分别刻写一个光纤布拉格光栅得到前述器件。图1示出了本发明提供的一种基于拉锥光纤的相位光栅的制作方法，包括：
S101，将两段切平的光纤按照预置拉锥熔接方式进行拉锥熔接得到具备光纤拉锥区域的拉锥光纤。具体地，本步骤包括：将两段光纤的端面切平，并将切平后的两段光纤的纤芯对准；选择熔接机中的预置熔接模式，调节该熔接机的熔接放电量、锥区长度、马达移动速度、拉锥时间等参数，然后进行放电熔接，得到该拉锥光纤。
S102，将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上，所述仰俯台固定于电控三维移动平台，移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行，通过调节飞秒激光的光束所经过的光路中的激光能量控制器件将聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度调节到预置大小。具体地，在本步骤中，将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上的步骤包括：使用光纤夹具将该拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上；则所述移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行包括：调节所述电控三维移动平台的位置，使所述拉锥光纤的纤芯在高倍物镜下聚焦，即(NA>1)，调节该仰俯台的仰俯使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行。
S103，将所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到距离所述拉锥区域的左侧与待写制的光纤布拉格光栅的长度相等的距离，并将所述飞秒激光的光斑移动到距离所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘预置距离，按照预置光栅写制方法对所述拉锥区域的两端进行光纤布拉格光栅写制，在光栅写制过程中，对光谱仪中的透射光谱进行实时监测直至得到预置光谱。
具体地，激光能量控制器件为1/2波片与格兰棱镜的组合器件，或者其他可调控衰减光能量的器件。所述聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度的预置大小具体为：在0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒的移动速度v下(0.01mm/s—0.4mm/s)，能够形成局部均匀的合适的折射率强度调制Δn(10-4—10-2)的激光能量，使得沿所述拉锥光纤的径向的线状改性区域具有连续平滑的形貌。所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘的预置距离为0至20微米。
本实施例中，光栅写制方法包括：
设置光纤布拉格光栅的栅格间距为0.5微米至20微米，栅格周期数50至3000，单个光栅条纹长度为9微米至40微米，扫描速度为0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒；控制快门的开关，驱动所述电控三维移动平台，使飞秒激光的光斑沿所述拉锥光纤的径向逐线扫描，并在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅。
具体地，所述在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅包括：
将飞秒激光的光斑调节至距离所述拉锥区域左端0.5毫米至3毫米处（即一段光纤布拉格光栅的长度的距离，目的就是保证在这段距离中可以刻写一段光纤布拉格光栅），并使光斑位置定位于纤芯上边缘的预置位置，通过逐线扫描方法扫描所述光栅周期数完成第一个光纤布拉格光栅刻写；关闭所述快门，移动所述电控三维移动平台，使所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到所述拉锥区域的的右端位置，控制所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯的边缘为预置距离，通过逐线扫描方法扫描与所述第一个光纤布拉格光栅相同的光栅周期数完成第二个光纤布拉格光栅刻写。
下面结合图2至图6来为本发明实施例进行进一步地阐述：
如图2所示，将两光纤的待熔接端面切平，并将待熔接端面放入光纤熔接机3中，图2中的1表示光纤的包层部分，2代表光纤的纤芯部分。熔接前，选择熔接机的拉锥熔接模式，将放电量设置为标准-30bit，拉锥长度设置为380μm，拉锥速度设为40bit，放电时间设为1600ms。然后便可以放电熔接，如图3所示，最终能到一个含有锥区的光纤。
图4示出了将拉锥后的光纤通过光纤夹具固定在三维移动平台上。图3的中101代表飞秒激光器，102、104分别表示一个1/2波片，103为一个格兰棱镜，105为一个快门，106为显微镜系统，107为光谱仪，108为激光光源，109为电控三维移动平台，110代表图3中进行拉锥熔接得到的拉锥光纤，111、112分别为固定光纤用的双臂夹具。图4中，显微镜系统106含有100×物镜及能够与计算机通信连接的CCD器件，电控三维移动平台109是能够在三维空间移动的，且可通过调节旋钮调节其水平，夹具111、112通过机械固定方式固定在电控三维移动平台109上，拉锥光纤110通过夹具111、112固定。在具体使用过程中首先，通过显微镜系统106进行观察并通过调节电控三维移动平台109使拉锥光纤110的轴向处于水平方向；然后，通过旋转第一个半波片102可调节激光打在拉锥光纤110上的能量，选取一个较为合适的能量；最后，通过控制快门105的开关可控制激光在拉锥光纤110上曝光或不曝光。快门105的功能是通过软件控制其开与关以控制光路的通过和被遮挡（不通过）。
图5示出了刻写完成的第一个光纤布拉格光栅，其中501表示光纤的包层部分，502表示光纤的纤芯，503表示栅格条纹。在图4所示系统中，通过调节电控三维移动平台和快门使激光光斑位于距离光纤拉锥区域左端1.07mm的光栅写制区域的纤芯上边缘上方5μm的位置。然后设定光纤布拉格光栅的参数，包括：光纤布拉格光栅的栅格间距为2.141μm，栅格周期数为500，单个栅格长度为20μm，扫描速度为0.15μm/s，打开快门后启动逐线法刻写光栅程序，激光光斑将在光栅写制区域上曝光并沿光纤径向逐线扫描，每刻写完一条条纹会向光纤轴向右侧移动一个周期的距离。如前所述，当程序执行完后，第一个光纤布拉格光栅即刻写完成，此时在光谱仪上可观察到单个光纤布拉格光栅的光谱。
图6示出了刻写完成的两个光纤布拉格光栅，该结构最终为本发明实施例基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅。图5中，光斑位置将处于拉锥光纤的左端，此时通过控制电控三维移动平台，使光斑位置移动到拉锥光纤的右侧，然后上述刻写光纤布拉格光栅的过程。当程序执行完后，第二个光栅也刻写完成，此时在光谱仪上可以观察到最终的相移光栅光谱。
在刻写光栅的过程中，使用光谱仪实时监测透射谱，在刻写第一段光纤布拉格光栅时，可以观察到在对应波长附近出现一个布拉格谐振峰，并随着光栅周期数的增加，谐振峰深度不断加深；
在刻写第二个光纤布拉格光栅时，可以观察到第一个光栅谐振峰将出现分裂的现象，在其中间某一波长处的透射率不断增加，形成相移光栅光谱。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅的制作方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
    将两段切平的光纤按照预置拉锥熔接方式进行拉锥熔接得到具备光纤拉锥区域的拉锥光纤；
    将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上，所述仰俯台固定于电控三维移动平台，移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行，通过调节激光能量控制器件将聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度调节到预置大小；
    将所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到距离所述拉锥区域的左侧与待写制的光纤布拉格光栅的长度相等的距离，并将所述飞秒激光的光斑移动到距离所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘预置距离，按照预置光栅写制方法对所述拉锥区域的两端进行光纤布拉格光栅写制，在光栅写制过程中，对光谱仪中的透射光谱进行实时监测直至得到预置光谱。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述将两段切平的光纤按照预置拉锥熔接方式进行拉锥熔接得到具备拉锥区域的光纤包括：
    将两段光纤的端面切平，并将切平后的两段光纤的纤芯对准；
    选择熔接机中的预置熔接模式，调节所述熔接机的熔接放电量、锥区长度、马达移动速度及拉锥时间；
    进行放电熔接，得到所述拉锥光纤。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上包括：
    使用光纤夹具将所述拉锥光纤固定于仰俯台上；
    则所述移动所述电控三维移动平台并通过显微镜进行同步观察，使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行包括：
    调节所述电控三维移动平台的位置，使所述拉锥光纤的纤芯在高倍物镜下聚焦，调节所述仰俯台的仰俯使所述拉锥光纤的轴向与水平方向平行。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述激光能量控制器件为1/2波片与格兰棱镜的组合器件。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述聚焦飞秒激光的光斑的能量密度的预置大小具体为：
    在0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒的移动速度下，能够形成局部均匀的合适的折射率强度调制的激光能量，使得沿所述拉锥光纤的径向的线状改性区域具有连续平滑的形貌，所述折射率强度调制Δn=10-4—10-2。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯上边缘的预置距离为0至20微米。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述光栅写制方法包括：
    设置光纤布拉格光栅的栅格间距为0.5微米至20微米，栅格周期数50至3000，单个光栅条纹长度为9微米至40微米，扫描速度为0.01毫米每秒至0.4毫米每秒；
    控制快门的开关，驱动所述电控三维移动平台，使飞秒激光的光斑沿所述拉锥光纤的径向逐线扫描，并在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的制作方法，其特征在于，所述在所述拉锥区域的左右两侧分别刻写一段参数相同的光纤布拉格光栅包括：
    将飞秒激光的光斑调节至距离所述拉锥区域左端的0.5毫米至3毫米处，并使光斑位置定位于纤芯上边缘的预置位置，通过逐线扫描方法扫描所述光栅周期数完成第一个光纤布拉格光栅刻写；
    关闭所述快门，移动所述电控三维移动平台，使所述飞秒激光的光斑位置移动到所述拉锥区域的右端位置，控制所述飞秒激光的光斑与所述拉锥光纤的纤芯的边缘为预置距离，通过逐线扫描方法扫描与所述第一个光纤布拉格光栅相同的光栅周期数完成第二个光纤布拉格光栅刻写。
  9. 一种基于拉锥光纤的相移光栅，其特征在于，所述相位光栅包括光纤拉锥区域，及分别位于所述光纤拉锥区域两端的光栅写制区域；
    所述光栅写制区域上具有通过预置波长的飞秒激光直接曝光写制的预置结构的光纤布拉格光栅；
    所述光纤布拉格光栅的总长度为0.5毫米至5毫米，单个栅格周期为0.5微米至10微米，单条光栅条纹的长度为9微米至40微米；
    所述光纤拉锥区域的长度为0.05毫米至2毫米。
  10. 如权利要求9所述相移光栅，其特征在于，所述光纤拉锥区域通过光纤熔接机或者氢氧焰拉锥机拉制而成。
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CN104237166A (zh) * 2014-03-06 2014-12-24 上海大学 包括过渡区的光纤熔锥长周期光栅高灵敏度折射率传感器及其制造方法
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