WO2018203904A1 - Mécanisme de reprise sur incident à dispositif sans fil en veille - Google Patents

Mécanisme de reprise sur incident à dispositif sans fil en veille Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018203904A1
WO2018203904A1 PCT/US2017/031042 US2017031042W WO2018203904A1 WO 2018203904 A1 WO2018203904 A1 WO 2018203904A1 US 2017031042 W US2017031042 W US 2017031042W WO 2018203904 A1 WO2018203904 A1 WO 2018203904A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wake
frame
frames
wireless device
station
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/031042
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mika Ilkka Tapani Kasslin
Enrico Henrik Rantala
Janne Marin
Olli Petteri Alanen
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Nokia Technologies Oy
Nokia Usa Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Nokia Technologies Oy, Nokia Usa Inc. filed Critical Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority to PCT/US2017/031042 priority Critical patent/WO2018203904A1/fr
Publication of WO2018203904A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018203904A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0261—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level
    • H04W52/0274—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof
    • H04W52/028—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices managing power supply demand, e.g. depending on battery level by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof switching on or off only a part of the equipment circuit blocks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/20—Manipulation of established connections
    • H04W76/28—Discontinuous transmission [DTX]; Discontinuous reception [DRX]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wireless communications and, particularly, to providing an error recovery mechanism in connection with waking up a dozing wireless device.
  • Wireless networks employ various power-saving features to reduce power consumption in battery-operated devices such as mobile devices.
  • Networks based on IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) specifications have introduced a power-save mode where a device may temporarily shut down its Wi-Fi interface to reduce the power consumption.
  • Many other networks employ similar power-save modes that allow a battery-operated device to "doze" between frame transmissions or when there is no data to deliver. In the dozing state, the Wi-Fi or another main radio interface of the battery-operated device may be temporarily shut down. The dozing may have to be cancelled for receiving a data or control frame from the wireless network, for example.
  • the device may be woken up by transmitting a wake-up frame to the device and, subsequently, the data or control frame may be transmitted to the device. However, if the device cannot receive the wake-up frame, the device may not be capable of receiving the data or control frame either.
  • Figure 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communication scenario to which embodiments of the invention may be applied
  • Figure IB illustrates sub-band division schemes available for a wireless network according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment for a wake-up procedure of a dozing station
  • FIG. 3 illustrates transmission of wake-up frames according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates a time-frequency representation of a frame transmitted in the wireless network according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 5 illustrates a state transition diagram according to an embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 6 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment for determining a total number of successive wake-up frames to be transmitted to a station
  • Figure 7 illustrates another embodiment of transmission of wake-up frames
  • Figure 8 illustrates a flow diagram of a process for determining a number of wake-up frames to be transmitted to a station without simultaneous transmission of another frame to the station according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS 9 and 10 illustrate yet other embodiments of transmission of wake-up frames.
  • Figure 11 illustrates a block diagram of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates wireless communication devices comprising an access point (AP) 100 and a plurality of wireless terminal devices also called as stations (STA) 110, 112.
  • the access point may be associated with a basic service set (BSS) which is a basic building block of an IEEE 802.11-based wireless local area network (WLAN).
  • BSS basic service set
  • the most common BSS type is an infrastructure BSS that includes a single AP together with all STAs associated with the AP.
  • the AP may be a fixed AP or it may be a mobile AP.
  • the AP 100 may also provide access to other networks, e.g. the Internet.
  • the BSS may comprise a plurality of APs to form an extended service set (ESS).
  • a terminal device 110 may establish and manage a peer-to-peer wireless network to which one or more other terminal devices 112 may associate.
  • the peer-to-peer wireless network may be established between two or more terminal devices and, in some embodiments, the terminal device managing the network may operate as an access node providing the other terminal device(s) with a connection to other networks, e.g. the Internet. In other embodiments, such routing functionality is not employed and the connection terminates in the terminal devices.
  • Such a peer-to-peer network may be utilized for data sharing or gaming, for example.
  • the access node 100 may be connected to a network management system (NMS) 130 which may comprise an apparatus configured to maintain channel usage information of wireless networks of one or more access nodes and to configure the channel usage of the wireless networks. For example, it may arrange wireless networks located close to each other to operate on different channels and, thus, avoid interference between the networks.
  • NMS network management system
  • the network management system 130 is comprised in one of the access nodes, e.g. in the access node 100.
  • the network management system is realized by an apparatus different from the access nodes, e.g. by a server computer to which the access nodes may connect via a wired or wireless connection.
  • While embodiments of the invention are described in the context of the above- described topologies of IEEE 802.11 specifications, it should be appreciated that these or other embodiments of the invention may be applicable to networks based on other specifications, e.g. other versions of the IEEE 802.11, WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), UMTS LTE (Long-term Evolution for Universal Mobile Telecommunication System), LTE- Advanced, a fifth generation cellular communication system (5G), and other networks having cognitive radio features, e.g. transmission medium sensing features and adaptiveness to coexist with radio access networks based on different specifications and/or standards. Some embodiments may be applicable to networks having features defined in the IEEE 802.19.1 specification.
  • a suitable communications system is the 5G system, as mentioned above.
  • the wireless network may comprise a single BSS or a plurality of BSSs.
  • the wireless network may comprise a plurality of BSSs that have the same service set identifier (SSID) the same roaming identifier, and/or the same roaming partnership.
  • SSID service set identifier
  • a station 110, 112 may establish a connection with any one of access nodes it has detected to provide a wireless connection within the neighbourhood of the terminal device.
  • the connection establishment may include authentication in which an identity of the terminal device is established in the access node.
  • the authentication may comprise exchanging an encryption key used in the BSS.
  • the access node and the station may carry out association in which the station is fully registered in the BSS, e.g. by providing the station with an association identifier (AID).
  • AID association identifier
  • association of the station to an access node should be understood broadly as establishing a connection between the station and the access node such that the station is in a connected state with respect to the access node and waiting for downlink frame transmissions from the access node and its own buffers for uplink frame transmissions.
  • the stations 100, 112 may discover the access node 100 through a network discovery process.
  • IEEE 802.1 lai task group defines principles for fast initial link setup (FILS).
  • One aspect of the principles is to enable faster and more precise AP and network discovery.
  • Some principles may relate to passive scanning in which a scanning device, e.g. a STA, passively scans channels for any beacon, management, or advertisement frames.
  • Other principles may relate to active scanning in which the scanning device actively transmits a scanning request message, e.g. a probe request message or a generic advertisement service (GAS) request, in order to query for present APs or networks.
  • the probe request may also set some conditions that a responding device should fulfil in order to respond to the probe request.
  • GAS generic advertisement service
  • the scanning device may be called a requesting device or a requesting apparatus.
  • Responding devices may transmit scanning response messages, e.g. probe response messages, in response to the scanning request message, wherein the scanning response message may contain information on the responding device, its network, and other networks.
  • scanning response messages e.g. probe response messages
  • Embodiments of the scanning enhancements described herein encompass the network discovery signalling, probe request-response processes, as well as GAS request-response processes.
  • 802.11 specifications provide power-save mechanisms like a power save (PS) mode to save power when the STA is associated to an access node.
  • PS power save
  • an associated STA is in active mode which enforces it to stay in an awake state when the STA is fully powered and able to transmit and receive frames with the access node.
  • An associated STA may transition to the PS mode with explicit signalling and, while operating in the PS mode, it may save power by operating occasionally in a doze state. In the doze state, the STA is not able to transmit or receive frames but, on the other hand, power consumption of the STA is on a considerably lower level than in the awake state.
  • the STA may wake up from the doze state to receive periodic beacon frames from the access node. While the STA is in the doze state, the access node buffers frames addressed to the STA. The access node transmits buffered multicast/groupcast frames after specific delivery traffic indication map (DTIM) beacon frames, when the STA is awake. Unicast frames may be transmitted only upon the STA in the PS mode has indicated that it has entered into the awake state. The access node indicates with the beacon frames (in a traffic indication map, TIM, field) whether it has frames buffered to the STA.
  • DTIM delivery traffic indication map
  • WUR wake-up radio
  • the WUR has been discussed in a WUR study group.
  • a new task group, TGba has been established and it will continue the work of the study group.
  • One purpose of the new radio interface is to enable further power-savings by allowing a main radio (also known as a primary connectivity radio) interface used for data communication according to 802.11 specifications to be turned off.
  • the low-power radio interface is called in the study group a wake-up radio (WUR) receiver or a low-power WUR (LP- WUR) receiver, and it is considered to be a companion radio to the main radio interface providing primary connectivity.
  • WUR wake-up radio
  • LP- WUR low-power WUR
  • a wireless device such as the STA or an access node may comprise both the WUR and main 802.11 interface.
  • An access node may comprise a wake-up transmitter and the main 802.11 interface. It has been proposed that the purpose of the wake-up radio interface is only or mainly to wake-up the main radio interface of a dozing station when the access node or another station has data to transmit to the dozing station.
  • the wake-up radio interface may be designed such that it consumes less power than the main radio interface.
  • the wake-up radio interface may employ a simpler modulation scheme than the main radio interface, e.g. the wake-up radio interface may use only on-off keying (OOK) while the main radio interface uses variable modulations schemes such as phase-shift keying (PSK) and (quadrature) amplitude modulation (QAM).
  • OOK on-off keying
  • PSK phase-shift keying
  • QAM quadrature amplitude modulation
  • the wake-up radio interface may be powered on when the main radio interface is powered off.
  • a wake-up radio interface of the STA may be configured to receive and extract wake-up signals (WUS) or wake-up frames (WUF) transmitted by a wake -up radio interface of the access node or another STA.
  • the wake-up radio interface of the STA may be capable of decoding the wake-up radio frames on its own without any help from the main radio interface.
  • the wake-up radio interface may comprise, in addition to a radio frequency front-end receiver components, digital baseband receiver components and a frame extraction processor capable of decoding contents of a wake-up radio frame.
  • the wake-up radio frame may comprise a destination address field indicating a STA that should wake up the main radio interface, and the frame extraction processor may perform decoding of the destination address from a received wake-up radio frame and determine whether or not the destination address is an address of the STA of the frame extraction processor. If yes, it may output a wake-up signal causing the main radio interface to wake up for radio communication with an access node.
  • Figure IB illustrates an example of a sub-channel division in an 802.11 -based network.
  • a frequency channel e.g. an 80 Megahertz (MHz) frequency channel may be divided into sub- bands or sub-channels in a flexible manner.
  • the wireless network may employ orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) where a radio carrier is composed of multiple sub- carriers, and the sub-carriers may be grouped to form the sub-bands.
  • the sub-bands may be called OFDMA resource units.
  • 996 sub-carriers of the 80MHz frequency channel may be divided into two sub-bands of 484 sub-carriers with a guard band (illustrated as blank boxes between the sub-bands).
  • Each of the two sub-bands may be allocated to different wireless devices for simultaneous frame transfer.
  • the two 484-sub-carrier sub-bands may further be divided into smaller sub-bands of 242 sub-carriers, and each of the smaller sub-bands may further be divided into two sub-bands having 106 sub-carriers each.
  • the 106-sub-carrier sub- bands may be divided into smaller sub-bands of 52 sub-carriers, each of which may be divided into two 26-sub-carrier sub-bands. This scheme allows flexible frequency-multiplexing by providing sub-bands between 26 sub-carriers (about 2 MHz) and 996 sub-carriers (80 MHz).
  • the frequency channel has another bandwidth, e.g. 40 MHz (498 sub-carriers)
  • similar sub-band division may be applied to provide the flexible sub-band division and bandwidth allocation.
  • other embodiments employ different bandwidths and different sub-band division schemes.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a flow diagram of an embodiment for managing WUF transmissions in a wireless device, e.g. the access node 100 or a peer device 112.
  • the procedure comprises as performed by the wireless device: transmitting (block 202) a first number of wake-up frames to the station, the first number being a smaller than the total number; after transmitting the first number of wake-up frames, transmitting (block 204) a further wake-up frame simultaneously with another frame, both the further wake-up frame and said another frame addressed to the station.
  • the embodiment of Figure 2 provides a solution where the wireless device transmits multiple wake-up frames to wake up the dozing station. Transmitting multiple wake-up frames improves the probability of WUR of the station to detect at least one of the multiple wake-up frames. It also provides a mechanism to recover from erroneous reception of a wake-up frame in the dozing station.
  • the solution of Figure 2 enables also expedited transmission of said other frames such as data frames to the station.
  • the other frame(s) may be transmitted before the wireless device has received an indication from the station that the station has been activated and is ready for frame transmissions, as described in greater detail below.
  • the wireless device determines (in block 200) a total number of successive wake-up frames to be transmitted to the station.
  • the total number of successive wake-up frames may be used as a limit for stopping the transmission of the wake-up frames.
  • the wireless device keeps transmitting the wake-up frames to the station until reaching the total number of successive wake-up frames or until receiving an uplink frame from the station.
  • the wireless device may stop the transmission of further wake-up frames.
  • the wake-up frames may be transmitted with or without said another frame or other frames addressed to the station.
  • the wireless device keeps repeating block 204 until reaching the total number of successively transmitted wake-up frames or until receiving a response frame from the station.
  • block 200 may be carried out before block 202, as illustrated in Figure 2. In another embodiment, block 200 may be carried out after block 202.
  • the first number of wake-up frames is two or higher.
  • multiple wake-up frames may be transmitted to the station such that no other frames are simultaneously transmitted as addressed to the station. Thereafter, said another frame may be transmitted together with the further wake-up frame.
  • Figure 3 illustrates transmission of the wake-up frames between the radio interfaces of the wireless device - an access point, AP, in this example - and the station (STA).
  • Both AP and the STA comprise a main radio interface and a WUR interface.
  • the AP may transmit a first wake-up frame 300 through the WUR of the AP, and the wake-up frame 300 is in this case correctly received by the WUR of the STA.
  • the STA starts to activate the main radio interface, and the main radio interface is active and operational after the expiry of a wake-up delay period 310.
  • the station may have completed the activation of the main radio interface sooner than the expiry of the wake-up delay period 310 but the wireless device may expect that the station is capable of receiving frames only after the expiry of the wake-up delay period 310.
  • At least one of the first number of wake-up frames is transmitted during the wake-up delay period of the station.
  • the wake-up delay period may be defined as starting from a transmission or reception of a first wake-up frame, depending on the viewpoint.
  • the wireless device may determine the start of the wake-up delay period directly after transmitting the first wake- up frame 300.
  • the at least one of the first number of wake-up frames transmitted during the wake-up delay period of the station includes at least a wake-up frame 302 transmitted after the first wake-up frame but excludes the first wake-up frame 300.
  • the station may determine the start of the wake-up delay period directly after firstly detecting a wake-up with the WUR frame in the doze state, e.g. the first wake-up frame 300 or a subsequent wake-up frame if the first wakeup frame 300 is not detected.
  • the first number of wake-up frames is two (WUF 300 and 302)
  • the further wake-up frame 304 is transmitted together with said another frame 306 transmitted by the wireless device through its main radio interface.
  • the further wake-up frame 304 and the associated other frame 306 may be transmitted after a determined time period has lapsed from the transmission of the wake-up frame 300.
  • the determined time period may include at least the wake-up delay period 310.
  • the frames 304, 306 may be transmitted simultaneously on different frequency channels and/or via different radio interfaces.
  • the STA may generate an uplink frame 308 comprising an acknowledgment of correct reception of the other frame 306.
  • This acknowledgment may be the first indication of a transition from the doze state to an active state from the STA to the AP. Thereafter, the AP may determine that the STA is in the active state, and the AP may refrain from transmitting further wake-up frames to the STA.
  • the station transmits the indication in another frame.
  • the station may be configured to transmit an uplink frame through the main radio interface.
  • the uplink frame may be a unicast uplink frame such as a power-save poll (PS-POLL) frame of an 802.11 network.
  • PS-POLL power-save poll
  • Figure 4 illustrates a structure of a frame comprising a sub-band 406, 410 for the wake- up frame.
  • the frame is in this embodiment a downlink frame transmitted by the wireless device.
  • a broadcast wake-up signal may be receivable by at least wireless devices that are not associated to the access node at the time of receiving the wake-up signal.
  • a unicast wake-up signal may be receivable by at least wireless devices that are associated to the access node that transmits the frame.
  • the frame may comprise an allocated sub-band for one or both of the broadcast wake-up signal and the unicast wake-up signal.
  • the frame comprises an allocated sub-band for a groupcast or multicast wake- up signal.
  • the frame comprises a physical layer convergence protocol
  • the PLCP header may be transmitted and received by using the main radio interface employing a radio access technology different from the radio access technology of the wake-up radio interface.
  • the PLCP preamble may comprise at least one synchronization sequence enabling receiving wireless devices to synchronize to the frame, and the PLCP header 400, 402 may carry information on the structure of the frame.
  • the PLCP header according to 802.11 specifications may comprise a High Efficiency (HE) HE-SIG-B field defining a Resource Unit (RU) allocation of the frame.
  • HE High Efficiency
  • RU Resource Unit
  • the SIG-B field may indicate a sub-band division scheme used in a payload portion of the frame.
  • the SIG-B field may indicate allocation of one or more sub-bands 404, 408, 412 of the frame for downlink data and allocation of one or more sub-bands 406, 410 for the wake-up signal(s).
  • the SIG-B field may also indicate a modulation scheme for each sub-band.
  • a signal transmitted in each sub-band may have a distinct modulation scheme allocation.
  • the payload data and the wake-up signals may be transmitted by using different modulation schemes and, additionally, different sub-bands carrying the downlink data may be assigned with different modulation schemes, e.g. binary PSK (BPSK), quadrature PSK (QPSK), or QAM.
  • BPSK binary PSK
  • QPSK quadrature PSK
  • the access node may employ a fixed modulation scheme such as the OOK for the wake-up signal.
  • the frequency channel of the frame may be 40 MHz and the sub-bands of the wake-up signals may be 4 MHz.
  • the wake-up signals may be transmitted within the frequency resources of the frequency channel and between sub-bands allocated for transmissions of the main radio interface.
  • the access node may simultaneously operate the main radio interface and the wake-up radio interface to transmit the wake-up signals and the other radio signals (data) simultaneously on parallel sub-bands of the frequency channel.
  • the header indicates the allocation of the sub-band 406 and/or 410 for the wake-up radio transmissions by indicating that the sub-band is allocated to be received by no wireless device of the wireless network.
  • the sub-band(s) 406, 410 of the wake-up signals are allocated to no device and, accordingly, none of the main radio interfaces of the wireless network communicate on the sub-band(s) 406, 410 for the duration of the frame's payload portion.
  • the sub-band(s) 406, 410 may thus be allocated as empty sub-bands in the PLCP header 400, 402, and the wake-up radio interface may be configured to carry out transmission of the wake-up signal(s) on these "empty" sub-bands.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a state machine illustrating three states for the station.
  • the states may be managed in the wireless device such that the state transitions are triggered as observed by the wireless device.
  • the state machine When the state machine is in an active state 502, the wireless device considers the station to be awake and having the main radio interface operational. In the active state 502, the wireless device can transmit and receive frames with the station through the main radio interfaces.
  • a doze state 504 the wireless device considers the station to be in the doze state where the main radio interface of the station is disabled. In this state 504, the wireless device uses only the WUR interface to transmit WUFs to the station.
  • the wireless device may buffer all frames addressed to the station and configured to be transmitted through the main radio interface.
  • the wireless device assumes the station also as incapable of receiving beacon frames and any system or management information transmitted through the main radio interface.
  • a "wake-up in progress" state 500 the wireless device considers the station to be waking up from the doze state 504 to a transitioning to the active state. In this state, it is possible that the station can receive frames through the main radio interface. However, in this state it is also possible that the station has not detected any wake-up frames and is actually still in the doze state.
  • the wireless device may transition from the state 504 to state 500.
  • state 500 the wireless device may continue transmitting the wake-up frames to the station through the WUR interface with and/or without the other frame through the main radio interface, as described in the embodiments herein.
  • the wireless device may transition from state 500 to state 502.
  • the reception of the uplink frame serves as a confirmation that the station is awake and has active main radio interface.
  • the wireless device may determine that the station cannot be reached and switches from state 500 to state 504.
  • the time period may be two milliseconds (ms), for example.
  • the wireless device may reset a time counting the time period every time a WUF is transmitted to the station.
  • the wireless device may have a separate timer for each dozing station. Transition from state 502 to 504 may be triggered according to specified rules. For example, when there are no frames to communicate between the wireless device and the station, the state transition may be triggered.
  • the state transition may be associated with some signalling between the wireless device and the station such that the transition is unanimous for both devices.
  • the STA may transmit an indication to switch to the doze state in an uplink frame, e.g. in an acknowledgment carrying also an end-of-service-period indicator.
  • Figure 6 illustrates an embodiment of block 200.
  • the wireless device may perform measurements on determined characteristics in block 600 and acquire measurement results. The total number of wake-up frames may then be determined on the basis of the measurement results in block 602.
  • the wireless device may measure and maintain information on a radio link performance of a radio link between the wireless device and the station and use this information in block 602.
  • the information may comprise at least one of the following measurement results: a frame error ratio, an interference level, a signal-to-noise-ratio.
  • the wireless device may use the measurement results to estimate a probability for the station to detect a WUF transmission and map that estimate to the total number of successive WUFs to transmit to the station.
  • the wireless device may then transmit the total number of WUFs unless it receives from the station a frame that may be considered as an indication of the station being awake.
  • the measured information includes at least one of the following characteristics: a measured channel condition of a radio channel, a measured link condition of a radio link between the wireless device and the station, a measured traffic load at the wireless device, a delay sensitivity of an application transferring data, and a measured congestion in a wireless network of the wireless device. Any one of these measurements may be used as a criterion in block 602.
  • the delay sensitivity may be employed such that a higher total number of wake-up frames is selected for a delay- sensitive application than for a delay-tolerant application.
  • the total number of wake-up frames is fixed.
  • the wireless device transmits a first wake-up frame of the first number of wake-up frames by using a first contention parameter, and a second wake-up frame transmitted later than the first wake-up frame by using a second contention parameter different from the first contention parameter.
  • the first contention parameter may be associated with a first access priority category and the second contention parameter may be associated with a second access priority category.
  • An access category may comply with IEEE technology that defines the following access categories: voice, video, best effort, and background. Voice traffic has the highest priority to access a radio channel, while background traffic has the lowest priority. Best effort traffic has the second lowest priority, and streaming traffic has the second highest priority. From another perspective, the access category may define a quality-of-service (QoS) classification of traffic, following the same principle of prioritizing access to the channel.
  • QoS quality-of-service
  • the wireless device may use a higher access category for a set of firstly transmitted wake-up frames and a lower access category for subsequent wake-up frames, as illustrated in Figure 7.
  • Figure 7 illustrates a situation similar to that of Figure 3 and the reference numbers used in both Figures represent the same or substantially similar features.
  • the wireless device transmits the first wake-up frames 300, 302 by using an access category 1 that gives a high priority to access the channel. Accordingly, the wake-up frames 300, 302 may be transmitted in an expedited manner. After transmitting a determined number of wake-up frames, e.g. the first set of wake-up frames, the wireless device may lower the access category for subsequent wake-up frames 304, 700 such that statistically the subsequent frames 304, 700 may experience a longer wait time before they are transmitted. More than two access categories may naturally be employed for a set of wake-up frames.
  • a first subset of wake-up frames may be transmitted by using a high access category
  • a second subset of subsequent wake-up frames may be transmitted by using a lower access category
  • a third subset of yet subsequent wake-up frames may be transmitted by using an even lower access category, and so on.
  • each access category may be associated with a specific set of contention parameters used for accessing a radio channel.
  • the wireless device may transmit the first wake-up frames 300, 302 by using a first set of contention parameters that gives a high priority to access the channel. Accordingly, the wake-up frames 300, 302 may be transmitted in an expedited manner.
  • the wireless device may change the set of contention parameters for subsequent wake-up frames 304, 700 such that statistically the subsequent frames 304, 700 may experience a longer wait time before they are transmitted. More than two sets of contention parameters may naturally be employed for a set of wake-up frames.
  • a first subset of wake-up frames may be transmitted by using the first set of contention parameters
  • a second subset of subsequent wake-up frames may be transmitted by using a second set of contention parameters
  • a third subset of yet subsequent wake-up frames may be transmitted by using a third set of contention parameters, and so on.
  • the access category of the wake-up frame is defined by an access category of the other frame.
  • the access category of a data frame 306 is streaming
  • the associated wake-up frame is also transmitted by using the access category of streaming. The same applies to the frames 700, 702.
  • the wake-up frames and the associated other frames 306, 702 may be transmitted in the state 500 where the station is deemed to be in a wake-up process.
  • the wireless device may employ a retransmission policy for frames that are not acknowledged by the station.
  • the retransmission policies may include updating backoff parameters such that the wireless device is provided, after the update, with slower access to the channel..
  • a retransmission policy may require updating a retry counter that determines the number of maximum retransmission tries.
  • Other policies may include using a more reliable modulation and coding scheme for a retransmission of a frame.
  • the wireless device may suspend such retransmission policies for frames 300 to 306, 700, 702 not acknowledged by the station.
  • each frame 300 to 306, 700, 702 may be transmitted as an initial transmission.
  • the station fails to receive the data frame 306, e.g. due to not detecting the first wake-up frame 300
  • the wireless device may retransmit the same data frame in 702 as a retransmission that is transmitted as it was the initial transmission in 306.
  • the frames 306 and 702 are identical or substantially identical in terms of their contents and, additionally, they are transmitted by using identical transmission rules and/or parameters.
  • the wireless device determines the first number of wake-up frames on the basis of at least one of the following thresholds: a traffic load threshold associated with a traffic load at the wireless device, a threshold associated with power consumption in the wireless device, and a channel congestion threshold associated with traffic in a radio channel used by the wireless device. For example, if a traffic load measured in a radio channel indicates a traffic load higher than the traffic load threshold, the wireless device may select a higher first number. If the traffic load measured in a radio channel indicates a traffic load lower than the traffic load threshold, the wireless device may select a lower first number.
  • a traffic load threshold associated with a traffic load at the wireless device
  • a threshold associated with power consumption in the wireless device a threshold associated with power consumption in the wireless device
  • a channel congestion threshold associated with traffic in a radio channel used by the wireless device. For example, if a traffic load measured in a radio channel indicates a traffic load higher than the traffic load threshold, the wireless device may select a higher first number. If the traffic load measured in a radio
  • the wireless device transmits a lower number of said other frames 306, 702 to the station in state 500 when the traffic load is high. Since the delivery of the frames 306, 702 is opportunistic in state 500 and more unreliable than in state 502, the wireless device may reduce the transmission of the opportunistic frames 306, 702 in a case of high traffic load. When the traffic load is low, the wireless device may transmit a higher number of said other frames 306, 702 in the state 500. The same principles may apply to the channel congestion. Regarding the power consumption threshold, the wireless device may determine the first number of wake-up frames on the basis of power consumption of transmission.
  • the wireless device may select a higher first number than in another situation where power consumption is not an issue.
  • the first number of wake-up frames includes at least one wake-up frame.
  • the first number of wake-up frames may involve all wake-up frames that are transmitted during a wake-up delay period of the station from the perspective of the wireless device.
  • the wireless device may determine the start of the wake-up delay period from transmission of a wake-up frame subsequent to the first wake-up frame 300.
  • the wireless device employs different thresholds or threshold settings for different access categories.
  • the access category may be defined by an access category of the other frame 306, 702.
  • the wireless device may use a higher traffic load threshold which means that the frame is transmitted together with an earlier wake-up frame than in a case where the access category of the frame 306 is best effort, considering that the traffic load is the same in both cases.
  • the same principle applies to the channel congestion threshold.
  • the wireless device may employ a threshold limiting the number of other frames at the end of the total number of successive wake-up frames.
  • the threshold may define a maximum number of wake-up frames that may be associated with a simultaneous other frame addressed to the station. If the maximum number is reached before the last wake-up frame has been transmitted, the wireless device may transmit the remaining wake-up frame(s) without the associated other frame.
  • Figure 8 illustrates an embodiment where the first number wake-up frames is determined on the basis of the access category of the other frame 306, 702, e.g. a data frame.
  • the wireless device may determine the access category and, in block 802, the wireless device may select the first number of wake-up frames on the basis of the determined access category. As described above, a lower first number may be selected for a higher priority access category and a higher first number may be selected for a lower priority access category.
  • Figure 9 illustrates another embodiment of wake-up frame transmissions.
  • the wireless device may assume that the wake-up delay period 900 of the station starts from the transmission of the first wake-up frame. Accordingly, the wireless device may start scheduling the other frames 306, 702 to be transmitted simultaneously with the respective wake-up frames 304, 700 upon expiry of the wake-up delay period from the perspective of the wireless device.
  • the station cannot detect the first wake-up frame 300 and, as a consequence, the first wake-up frame 300 does not trigger the start of the wake-up delay period 310 at the station.
  • the second wake-up frame 302 is detected by the station, thus triggering the start of the wake-up delay period 310.
  • the delayed wake-up may cause the station to miss one or more other frames such as the frame 306.
  • the wireless device may reschedule the same frame and transmit the frame again in 702 in the same manner as in 306.
  • the station has activated the main radio interface and is capable of detecting and decoding the frame 702 and, as a consequence, it can transmit an uplink frame 308 carrying the acknowledgment and triggering the state transition from state 500 to state 502 in the wireless device.
  • Figure 10 illustrates the above-describe embodiment where the wireless device may also delay the expected start of the wake-up delay period 900 in a situation where an estimated probability of successful detection of the first wake-up frame(s) is below a determined threshold.
  • the wireless device transmits the first wake-up frame 300 to the station but does not yet trigger the start of the wake-up delay period for the station in the wireless device, e.g. does not switch from state 504 to state 500. Only upon transmitting the subsequent wake-up frame 302 to the station, the wireless device triggers a time counting the wake-up delay period of the station.
  • the wireless device may transmit further wake-up frames 1000 to the station but refrain from transmitting said other frames to the station.
  • the wireless device may start scheduling the other frames 306 to be transmitted to the station together with the further wake-up frames 304.
  • the wireless device may schedule transmissions of frames to other stations such that the frames are transmitted simultaneously with the first set of wake-up frames, e.g. the wake-up frame 300.
  • the channel structuring of Figure 4 enables such a scheme which improves the spectral efficiency.
  • Figure 11 illustrates an embodiment of a structure of the above-mentioned functionalities of the apparatus executing the process of Figure 2 or any one of the embodiments performed by the wireless device, e.g. the access node 100.
  • the apparatus may be the wireless device.
  • the apparatus may comply with specifications of an IEEE 802.11 network and/or another wireless network.
  • the apparatus may be defined as a cognitive radio apparatus capable of adapting its operation to a changing radio environment, e.g. to changes in parameters of another system on the same frequency band.
  • the apparatus may be or may be comprised in a computer (PC), a laptop, a tablet computer, a cellular phone, a palm computer, or any other apparatus provided with radio communication capability.
  • PC computer
  • the apparatus carrying out the above-described functionalities is comprised in such a wireless device, e.g. the apparatus may comprise a circuitry, e.g. a chip, a chipset, a processor, a micro controller, or a combination of such circuitries in any one of the above-described devices.
  • the apparatus may be an electronic device comprising electronic circuitries for realizing the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the apparatus may comprise the above-described main radio interface 12 configured to provide the apparatus with capability for bidirectional communication with wireless devices.
  • the main radio interface 12 may operate according to 802.11 specifications, for example.
  • the main radio interface 12 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the main radio interface 12 may support multiple modulation formats.
  • the apparatus may further comprise the above-described wake-up radio interface 16 comprising a transmission circuitry for generating and transmitting the wake-up frames.
  • the wake- up radio interface 16 may be configured for transmission only but, in some embodiments, the wake- up radio interface may enable uplink communications where the wake-up radio interface 16 has reception capability.
  • the wake-up radio interface 16 may comprise analogue radio communication components and digital baseband processing components for processing transmission and reception signals.
  • the wake-up radio interface 16 may support a single modulation scheme only, e.g. the on- off keying.
  • the main radio interface 12 and the wake-up radio interface 16 may comprise radio interface components providing the apparatus with radio communication capability within one or more wireless networks.
  • the radio interface components may comprise standard well-known components such as an amplifier, filter, frequency-converter, (de)modulator, and encoder/decoder circuitries and one or more antennas.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a memory 20 storing one or more computer program products 22 configuring the operation of at least one processor of the apparatus, e.g. a transmission controller 14 described below.
  • the memory 20 may further store a configuration database 24 storing operational configurations of the apparatus.
  • the configuration database may, for example, store sub-band division schemes available to the apparatus when performing the sub- band allocations according to Figure 4.
  • the configuration database 24 may further store the parameters needed for determining the total number of wake-up frames, the first number of wake- up frames, the transmission rules of the wake-up frames, the state transition rules of Figure 5, etc.
  • the memory 20 may further store a buffer 25 storing downlink data addressed to stations associated to the apparatus.
  • the buffer 25 may store, for example, data frames addressed to the above- described dozing station.
  • the apparatus may further comprise a transmission controller 14 configured to control the operation of the main radio interface 12 and the wake-up radio interface 16.
  • the transmission controller 14 may selectively use the main radio interface 12 and/or the wake-up radio interface 16 to communicate with stations associated to the apparatus and, additionally, with stations not associated to the apparatus.
  • the transmission controller may, for example, control the operation of the wireless device in the embodiments of Figures 2 to 10.
  • the transmission controller 14 may manage the state transitions of Figure 5.
  • the transmission controller 14 may comprise as sub-circuitries a wake-up planning circuitry 15 and a frame scheduler 18.
  • the wake-up planning circuitry may select a wake-up plan for a dozing station according to any one of the above-described embodiments or as a combination of some of the above-described embodiments.
  • the wake-up planning circuitry 15 may, for example, determine the total number of successive wake-up frames, the first number of wake-up frames, the access categories of the wake-up frames, and/or the wake-up frame that triggers the start of the wake-up delay period 900.
  • the wake-up planning circuitry may output the wake-up plan to the frame scheduler 18 configured to schedule wake-up frames to be transmitted to the dozing station.
  • the frame scheduler 18 may further schedule the other frames to be transmitted to the dozing station simultaneously with some of the wake-up frames, as the plan specifies.
  • the frame scheduler 18 may thus control the radio interfaces 12, 16 to carry out the frame transmissions according to the schedule and the wake-up plan.
  • the apparatus comprises at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including a computer program code 22, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the apparatus to carry out the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 10.
  • the computer program code when the at least one processor executes the computer program code, the computer program code causes the apparatus to carry out the functionalities according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 10.
  • the apparatus comprises the at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including a computer program code 22, wherein the at least one processor and the computer program code 22 perform the at least some of the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 10.
  • the at least one processor, the memory, and the computer program code form processing means for carrying out embodiments of the present invention in the wireless device.
  • the apparatus carrying out the embodiments of the invention in the wireless device comprises a circuitry including at least one processor and at least one memory 20 including computer program code 22. When activated, the circuitry causes the apparatus to perform the at least some of the functionalities of the wireless device according to any one of the embodiments of Figures 3 to 10.
  • circuitry refers to all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations, such as implementations in only analogue and/or digital circuitry, and (b) to combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s)/software including digital signal processor(s), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus to perform various functions, and (c) to circuits, such as a microprocessor s) or a portion of a microprocessor s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.
  • circuitry would also cover an implementation of merely a processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry would also cover, for example and if applicable to the particular element, a baseband integrated circuit or applications processor integrated circuit for a wireless device.
  • the processes or methods described in connection with Figures 2 to 10 may also be carried out in the form of one or more computer processes defined by one or more computer programs.
  • the computer program may be in source code form, object code form, or in some intermediate form, and it may be stored in a transitory or a non-transitory carrier, which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • a transitory or a non-transitory carrier which may be any entity or device capable of carrying the program.
  • Such carriers include a record medium, computer memory, read-only memory, electrical carrier signal, telecommunications signal, and software distribution package, for example.
  • the computer program may be executed in a single electronic digital processing unit or it may be distributed amongst a number of processing units.
  • the present invention is applicable to wireless networks defined above but also to other suitable wireless communication systems.
  • the protocols used, the specifications of wireless networks, their network elements and terminals, develop rapidly. Such development may require extra changes to the described embodiments. Therefore, all words and expressions should be interpreted broadly and they are intended to illustrate, not to restrict, the embodiment. It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways.
  • the invention and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may vary within the scope of the claims.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une solution de mise en route d'une station en veille. Conformément à un aspect, un procédé selon l'invention consiste : à transmettre, au moyen d'un dispositif sans fil, un premier nombre de trames de mise en route à la station ; après transmission du premier nombre de trames de mise en route, à transmettre au moyen du dispositif sans fil une trame de mise en route supplémentaire en même temps qu'une autre trame, la trame de mise en route supplémentaire et ladite autre trame étant adressées à la station.
PCT/US2017/031042 2017-05-04 2017-05-04 Mécanisme de reprise sur incident à dispositif sans fil en veille WO2018203904A1 (fr)

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