WO2018202377A1 - A battery - Google Patents

A battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018202377A1
WO2018202377A1 PCT/EP2018/058340 EP2018058340W WO2018202377A1 WO 2018202377 A1 WO2018202377 A1 WO 2018202377A1 EP 2018058340 W EP2018058340 W EP 2018058340W WO 2018202377 A1 WO2018202377 A1 WO 2018202377A1
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Prior art keywords
graphene
binding agent
graphite
electrode material
mixing process
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PCT/EP2018/058340
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French (fr)
Inventor
Orcun YUCEL
Zeynep ERPOLAT
Original Assignee
Arcelik Anonim Sirketi
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Publication of WO2018202377A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018202377A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
    • H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/621—Binders
    • H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
    • H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
    • H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrode material for use in high-capacity Lithium-ion energy storage systems and the production method thereof.
  • a battery is a device used for storing chemical energy and for converting the same to electrical energy.
  • Batteries are composed of electrochemical devices such as one or more electrochemical cells, fuel cells or flow cells.
  • the capacities and the charging frequencies of the batteries used in electronic devices used in daily life such as phones, computers and music players are of utmost importance. Higher battery capacity provides a long discharging period and frequent charging of the battery causes the battery to be replaced more often.
  • the currently available batteries have a voltage value of approximately 3.6-3.7V and a specific capacity that varies between 100-150 mAh/g. It is aimed to produce the lithium-ion battery with a higher capacity and better thermal stability.
  • the lithium-ion batteries can operate at temperatures up to +60 0 C.
  • the lithium-ion battery disclosed in the state of the art United States Patent Application No. US2014017562 (A1) comprises at least one battery cell.
  • the battery cell comprises the cathode, the anode and the separator.
  • At least one of the cathode and the anode comprises the current collector.
  • the current collector is a graphene layer.
  • the nano-scaled graphene platelet-based composite material composition is for use as an electrode, particularly as an anode of a lithium-ion battery.
  • the composition comprises: (a) micron- or nanometer-scaled particles or coating which are capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, and (b) a plurality of nano- scaled graphene platelets (NGPs).
  • the NGP comprises a graphene sheet or a stack of graphene sheets having a platelet thickness of less than 100 nm.
  • the particles or the coating is physically attached or chemically bonded to the graphene platelets and the amount thereof is in the range of 2% to 90% by weight and the amount of particles or coating in the range of 98% to 10% by weight.
  • a method for preparing an anode material of a lithium ion battery comprises the steps of performing graphitization treatment on pitch coke or petroleum coke serving as raw materials; grinding the raw materials into powder in which the powder with a particle size of 15 to 20 mu m accumulates to 50 percent; then adding an additive containing a boron element and/or water into the powder; stirring the mixture to make various materials mixed sufficiently; then carrying out high-temperature treatment on the mixed mixture at the temperature of between 2,400 and 2,800°C; and finally obtaining the anode material by crashing and sieving the obtained product.
  • the electrode and the method realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention, explicated in the first claim and the respective claims thereof comprise graphene and boron-added graphene.
  • the graphene is used together with the graphite.
  • the boron-added graphene is used together with the graphite.
  • Particle sizes of the graphite and the graphene and the surface area of the graphene are of utmost importance in the present invention.
  • the solvent and the binding agent are mixed and then carbon black is added to this mixture and mixing is continued.
  • the mixing process is continued using the ultrasonic mixer. The ultrasonic mixing increases the homogeneity.
  • Figure 1 - is the flow diagram of the method for the production of graphene-based electrode material.
  • the electrode material comprises graphite and graphene.
  • the particle sizes of the graphite and the graphene should be at most 30 ⁇ m and the specific surface area of the graphene should be at least 500 m 2 /g.
  • the method comprises the steps of:
  • the method for the production of the graphene-based electrode material for high-capacity Lithium-ion energy storage systems comprises the steps of:
  • the particle size of the graphite and the graphene used must be equal to or less than 30 ⁇ m.
  • the surface area of the graphene used is of utmost importance for achieving the desired capacity.
  • the specific surface area of the graphene must be greater than 500 m 2 /g.
  • the specific surface area of the graphene used in the present invention is 786 m 2 /g.
  • a material with larger surface area is preferred due to the larger active storage area thereof.
  • the solvent used in step (a) can be NMP (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), water, ethanol or DMF (dimethylformamide).
  • NMP n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
  • water ethanol
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • NMP is used.
  • the binding agent used in step (a) can be one or more than one or all of PVDV (polyvinylidene fluoride), CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), Na-Alg (sodium alginate) with a percentage 1-15% by weight.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • CMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • Na-Alg sodium alginate
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • CMC sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
  • SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
  • Na-Alg sodium alginate
  • step (b) The mixture in step (b) is mixed in the mixer preferably at 2000rpm for 10-20 minutes.
  • step (c) the mixing process after the carbon black is added is performed preferably at 2000 rpm for 30 minutes.
  • step (d) the mixing process in the ultrasonic mixer after the graphite and the graphene are added is performed with an amplitude of at least 20% and a pulse value of 0.3-0.5. Said mixing process is performed for at least 3 hours. The mixing process is continued until the mixture is homogeneous since if not distributed homogeneously, the nano-scaled graphene particles would create adverse effects and not contribute to the capacity.
  • boron-added graphene is used.
  • the boron mineral used is obtained by one or more than one of borax, boric acid, borax pentahydrate or sodium perborate. Boron may be in amorphous, crystalline or hexagonal form.
  • the specific surface area of the boron-added graphene must be at least 250 m 2 /g.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electrode material for use in high-capacity Lithium-ion energy storage systems and the production method thereof.

Description

A BATTERY
The present invention relates to an electrode material for use in high-capacity Lithium-ion energy storage systems and the production method thereof.
A battery is a device used for storing chemical energy and for converting the same to electrical energy. Batteries are composed of electrochemical devices such as one or more electrochemical cells, fuel cells or flow cells. The capacities and the charging frequencies of the batteries used in electronic devices used in daily life such as phones, computers and music players are of utmost importance. Higher battery capacity provides a long discharging period and frequent charging of the battery causes the battery to be replaced more often. The currently available batteries have a voltage value of approximately 3.6-3.7V and a specific capacity that varies between 100-150 mAh/g. It is aimed to produce the lithium-ion battery with a higher capacity and better thermal stability. Usually, the lithium-ion batteries can operate at temperatures up to +600C. Increasing this temperature value by 10% would considerably increase the area of usage of said lithium-ion battery. Therefore, first the electrodes are studied and the carbon-based anode surface coating is developed. Said lithium-ion battery has a wide usage area in addition to usage in small wireless home appliances (vacuum cleaners, hair dryers, hair stylers, etc.).
The lithium-ion battery disclosed in the state of the art United States Patent Application No. US2014017562 (A1) comprises at least one battery cell. The battery cell comprises the cathode, the anode and the separator. At least one of the cathode and the anode comprises the current collector. The current collector is a graphene layer.
In the state of the art Chinese Patent Application No. CN101849302 (A), the nano-scaled graphene platelet-based composite material composition is for use as an electrode, particularly as an anode of a lithium-ion battery. The composition comprises: (a) micron- or nanometer-scaled particles or coating which are capable of absorbing and desorbing lithium ions, and (b) a plurality of nano- scaled graphene platelets (NGPs). The NGP comprises a graphene sheet or a stack of graphene sheets having a platelet thickness of less than 100 nm. The particles or the coating is physically attached or chemically bonded to the graphene platelets and the amount thereof is in the range of 2% to 90% by weight and the amount of particles or coating in the range of 98% to 10% by weight.
In the state of the art Chinese Patent Application No. CN101853935 (A), a method for preparing an anode material of a lithium ion battery is disclosed. Said method comprises the steps of performing graphitization treatment on pitch coke or petroleum coke serving as raw materials; grinding the raw materials into powder in which the powder with a particle size of 15 to 20 mu m accumulates to 50 percent; then adding an additive containing a boron element and/or water into the powder; stirring the mixture to make various materials mixed sufficiently; then carrying out high-temperature treatment on the mixed mixture at the temperature of between 2,400 and 2,800°C; and finally obtaining the anode material by crashing and sieving the obtained product.
The aim of the present invention is
  • to increase the capacity of the currently used graphite-based batteries with the addition of graphene,
  • to provide, by obtaining the graphene-graphite electrode with increased energy density, widespread use of said technology in wireless personal care devices (hair dryers, hair stylers, etc.) and in home appliances (such as vacuum cleaners, etc.) where the usage of the lithium-ion battery systems is limited,
  • to increase by 10% the physical life of the lithium-ion battery systems that have currently 300-500 charging-discharging cycles,
  • to decrease the volume occupied by currently available Lithium-ion batteries with similar energy density values,
  • to decrease the currently available charging durations by 10% by developing graphene-based composite electrodes.
The electrode and the method realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention, explicated in the first claim and the respective claims thereof comprise graphene and boron-added graphene.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the graphene is used together with the graphite.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the boron-added graphene is used together with the graphite.
Particle sizes of the graphite and the graphene and the surface area of the graphene are of utmost importance in the present invention.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in the method implemented in order to obtain the electrode material, the solvent and the binding agent are mixed and then carbon black is added to this mixture and mixing is continued. When the graphite and the graphene are added to the mixture, the mixing process is continued using the ultrasonic mixer. The ultrasonic mixing increases the homogeneity.
The method for the production of the electrode material used in the energy storage systems realized in order to attain the aim of the present invention is illustrated in the attached figure, where:
Figure 1 - is the flow diagram of the method for the production of graphene-based electrode material.
The electrode material comprises graphite and graphene.
In the electrode material of the present invention, the particle sizes of the graphite and the graphene should be at most 30 µm and the specific surface area of the graphene should be at least 500 m2/g.
In an embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:
a. adding the binding agent into the solvent and mixing the materials,
b. adding carbon black into the mixture after the mixing process is completed,
c. adding the graphite and the graphene when the mixing process is completed, and mixing the mixture in the ultrasonic mixer until a homogeneous structure is obtained.
The method for the production of the graphene-based electrode material for high-capacity Lithium-ion energy storage systems comprises the steps of:
  • adding the binding agent to the solvent (a),
  • mixing the mixture (b),
  • adding carbon black into the mixture after the mixing process is completed (c),
  • adding the graphite and the graphene (or boron-added graphene) when the mixing process is completed, and mixing the mixture in the ultrasonic mixer until a homogeneous structure is obtained (d),
  • laminating the mixture that is sufficiently homogenized onto the copper (Cu) foil according to the tape casting procedure (e),
  • drying the laminated films in the vacuum oven under atmospheric pressure or with the help of vacuum (f),
  • cutting the films so as to have the required diameter and dimensions and to be suitable for sealing the batteries (g),
  • performing the battery sealing process in the glove box filled with argon gas (h).
The steps (e) to (h) are known in the technique.
The particle size of the graphite and the graphene used must be equal to or less than 30 µm.
The surface area of the graphene used is of utmost importance for achieving the desired capacity. The specific surface area of the graphene must be greater than 500 m2/g. The specific surface area of the graphene used in the present invention is 786 m2/g. A material with larger surface area is preferred due to the larger active storage area thereof.
The solvent used in step (a) can be NMP (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), water, ethanol or DMF (dimethylformamide). Preferably NMP is used.
The binding agent used in step (a) can be one or more than one or all of PVDV (polyvinylidene fluoride), CMC (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), Na-Alg (sodium alginate) with a percentage 1-15% by weight. Preferably PVDF is used. PVDF is used as a binding agent with an amount of 10% by weight.
The mixture in step (b) is mixed in the mixer preferably at 2000rpm for 10-20 minutes.
In step (c), the mixing process after the carbon black is added is performed preferably at 2000 rpm for 30 minutes.
In step (d), the mixing process in the ultrasonic mixer after the graphite and the graphene are added is performed with an amplitude of at least 20% and a pulse value of 0.3-0.5. Said mixing process is performed for at least 3 hours. The mixing process is continued until the mixture is homogeneous since if not distributed homogeneously, the nano-scaled graphene particles would create adverse effects and not contribute to the capacity.
In another embodiment of the present invention, boron-added graphene is used. The boron mineral used is obtained by one or more than one of borax, boric acid, borax pentahydrate or sodium perborate. Boron may be in amorphous, crystalline or hexagonal form. The specific surface area of the boron-added graphene must be at least 250 m2/g.
The addition of boron increases the battery capacity by an extra 5% in addition to the increase provided by graphene usage.

Claims (15)

  1. An electrode material for lithium-ion energy storage systems characterized in that the electrode material comprises the graphite and the graphene, and that the particle sizes of the graphite and the graphene are equal to or less than 30 µm and the graphene has a specific surface area of at least 250 m2/g.
  2. An electrode material as in Claim 1, characterized in that the specific surface area of the graphene is at least 500 m2/g.
  3. A method for the production of the electrode material as in Claim 1, characterized by the steps of
    a. adding the binding agent into the solvent and mixing the materials,
    b. adding carbon black into the mixture after the mixing process is completed,
    c. adding the graphite and the graphene when the mixing process is completed, and mixing the mixture in the ultrasonic mixer until a homogeneous structure is obtained.
  4. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the solvent that is chosen from the group containing n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, water, ethanol and dimethylformamide.
  5. A method as in Claim 4, characterized by the solvent that is n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
  6. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the binding agent that is chosen from at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, styrene-butadiene rubber and sodium alginate.
  7. A method as in Claim 6, characterized by the binding agent that is polyvinylidene fluoride.
  8. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the binding agent that is within the range of 1-15% by weight.
  9. A method as in Claim 7, characterized by the binding agent that is 10% by weight.
  10. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the mixing process that is performed in the ultrasonic mixer with an amplitude of at least 20% and a pulse value of 0.3-0.5 after the graphite and the graphene are added.
  11. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the mixing process that lasts for at least 3 hours.
  12. A method as in Claim 3, characterized by the graphene that is boron-added graphene.
  13. A method as in Claim 12, characterized by the solvent that is chosen from the group containing DMAc, DMF, n-methyl pyrrolidone and hexane.
  14. A method as in Claim 12, characterized by the binding agent that is chosen from at least one of polypropylene, polyamide, polystyrene, polyethylene, gelatin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl fluoride, carboxymethyl cellulose, stiren-butadiene rubber
  15. A method as in Claim 14, characterized by the binding agent that is within the range of 1-15% by weight.
PCT/EP2018/058340 2017-05-03 2018-03-30 A battery WO2018202377A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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TR2017/06509A TR201706509A2 (en) 2017-05-03 2017-05-03 ONE BATTERY

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109935832A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-06-25 万向一二三股份公司 A kind of lithium ion battery silicon substrate negative electrode binder and the cathode piece preparation method using the binder

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101849302A (en) 2007-11-05 2010-09-29 纳米技术仪器公司 Nano graphene platelet-based composite anode compositions for lithium ion batteries
CN101853935A (en) 2010-06-23 2010-10-06 长沙格翎电池材料有限公司 Method for preparing anode material of lithium ion battery
US20140017562A1 (en) 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Jia-Ping Wang Lithium ion battery
CN104934603A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-23 田东 Preparation method of graphene-dopedand carbon-coated modified graphite anode material
KR101727943B1 (en) * 2016-01-18 2017-05-02 한국에너지기술연구원 Method of manufacturing meso-porous metal oxide layer via commercializable route and its application to highly efficient perovskite solar cell

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101849302A (en) 2007-11-05 2010-09-29 纳米技术仪器公司 Nano graphene platelet-based composite anode compositions for lithium ion batteries
CN101853935A (en) 2010-06-23 2010-10-06 长沙格翎电池材料有限公司 Method for preparing anode material of lithium ion battery
US20140017562A1 (en) 2012-07-13 2014-01-16 Jia-Ping Wang Lithium ion battery
CN104934603A (en) * 2015-05-22 2015-09-23 田东 Preparation method of graphene-dopedand carbon-coated modified graphite anode material
KR101727943B1 (en) * 2016-01-18 2017-05-02 한국에너지기술연구원 Method of manufacturing meso-porous metal oxide layer via commercializable route and its application to highly efficient perovskite solar cell

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Title
WANG XIANLONG ET AL: "First-principles study on the enhancement of lithium storage capacity in boron doped graphene", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, A I P PUBLISHING LLC, US, vol. 95, no. 18, 4 November 2009 (2009-11-04), pages 183103 - 183103, XP012126345, ISSN: 0003-6951, DOI: 10.1063/1.3259650 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109935832A (en) * 2018-11-21 2019-06-25 万向一二三股份公司 A kind of lithium ion battery silicon substrate negative electrode binder and the cathode piece preparation method using the binder

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