WO2018201739A1 - 一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法 - Google Patents

一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018201739A1
WO2018201739A1 PCT/CN2017/118812 CN2017118812W WO2018201739A1 WO 2018201739 A1 WO2018201739 A1 WO 2018201739A1 CN 2017118812 W CN2017118812 W CN 2017118812W WO 2018201739 A1 WO2018201739 A1 WO 2018201739A1
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reinforcing
anchoring
reinforcing member
composite
bead
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PCT/CN2017/118812
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English (en)
French (fr)
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朱继华
苏玫妮
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深圳大学
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Publication of WO2018201739A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201739A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/10—Electrodes characterised by the structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2201/00—Type of materials to be protected by cathodic protection
    • C23F2201/02—Concrete, e.g. reinforced

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure and a reinforcing method.
  • Reinforced concrete structure is the most important structural form in civil engineering, and its safety is closely related to the healthy development of the national economy.
  • the durability of concrete refers to the ability of concrete to resist various destructive factors under actual use conditions, and to maintain strength and appearance integrity for a long time.
  • the auxiliary anode is important for the impressed current cathodic protection system. component.
  • the structural reinforcement material usually bears the load together with the concrete structure through the cementitious material (such as epoxy resin), which can be regarded as an additional protective layer of the concrete structure, and isolates the external environment medium to the internal structure to some extent, but the construction process Defects and errors, deterioration and loss of reinforcement material during structural service will destroy this protective layer, resulting in secondary corrosion of the concrete structure. More importantly, the structural reinforcement technology can not solve the continuous erosion of the harmful elements in the concrete (such as chloride and sulfate in the sea sand concrete). In the actual project, many structures have been strengthened more than once, often Repairing bad situations.
  • the conventional composite board is fixed on the structure by means of a cementing material, but this method is not only difficult to control in terms of the adhesive strength, but also the deterioration of the adhesive interface due to the erosion of external harmful ions. More serious, there are certain problems with durability.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure and a reinforcing method.
  • the present invention can simultaneously serve as an auxiliary in a cathodic protection system by fixing a composite plate on the surface of a reinforcing member.
  • the anode and the structural reinforcing plate simultaneously satisfy the two functions of preventing structural body corrosion and structural reinforcement;
  • the structural reinforcement device of the invention has simple structure, simple process, stable quality, strong practicability, convenient construction, and limited end sliding of the composite plate Move, fully exert the strength of the composite board and improve the reinforcement effect.
  • a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the device comprises:
  • a composite panel disposed on a surface of a reinforcing member as a structural body for use as an anode material of a cathodic protection system and a structural reinforcement material;
  • the reinforcing member is provided with a fastening hole for embedding the fastener
  • An anchoring bead disposed on the composite plate for anchoring the composite panel and the reinforcing member
  • the anchoring bead is provided with a fastening hole for inserting a fastener, and the anchoring bead and the composite plate are fixed on the reinforcing member by a fastener passing through a fastening hole on the anchoring bead.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, wherein the composite plate is prefabricated or cast-in-place, the composite plate comprises a base material and a reinforcing material having good electrical conductivity, and the base material is cement-based and alkali-excited.
  • a magnesium phosphate-based or sulphoaluminate-based inorganic cementitious material whose electrical conductivity is optimized by adding fibrous materials or conductive particles;
  • the fibrous material comprises metal fibers, carbon fibers, PBO, carbon nanotubes or organic polymer materials;
  • the particles include carbon powder, graphite powder, copper, silver or iron powder;
  • the reinforcing material is a fiber material with conductive properties or structural mechanical properties, including carbon fiber board, carbon fiber cloth, carbon fiber mesh cloth, basalt fiber board, basalt fiber cloth, basalt Fiber mesh, fiberglass fiberboard, fiberglass fiber cloth or fiberglass fiber mesh.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, wherein the carbon fiber cloth or the carbon fiber mesh cloth and the fiber cloth or the fiber mesh are made of a cemented material; the cementing material is good
  • An inorganic gelling material having electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties, the resistive material having a resistivity of not more than 200 ⁇ m and a shear strength of not less than 0.1 N/mm 2 .
  • the reinforcing device with an anchor structure, wherein the composite plate is a plate-like structure.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the anchoring bead is used for reinforcing the bonding strength between the composite plate and the reinforcing member, the anchoring bead is aluminum alloy, flat iron or stainless steel plate-shaped bead, steel, FRP board, FRP cloth or sheet for fixing.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the anchoring bead has a thickness of 5-30 mm and a width of 10-300 mm.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, wherein the fastener is a fastener for tightly connecting the reinforcing material and the main structure, increasing bonding performance and bonding electrical conductivity, including model number M8-M30 Bolts or rivets between.
  • the fastener is a fastener for tightly connecting the reinforcing material and the main structure, increasing bonding performance and bonding electrical conductivity, including model number M8-M30 Bolts or rivets between.
  • a method for reinforcing a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure comprising:
  • Step S pre-arranging a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, the reinforcing device comprising a composite plate, an anchoring bead, and a fastener;
  • Step A providing a plurality of fastening holes for fastening the fastener on the reinforcing member and the anchoring bead, and cleaning the surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member and the dust on the composite plate;
  • Step B providing a composite material as an anode material of the cathodic protection system and a structural reinforcement material at a predetermined position on the surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member;
  • Step C providing an anchoring bead for anchoring the composite panel and the reinforcing member on the composite board;
  • Step D The anchoring bead, the composite plate and the reinforcing member are anchored and pressed by fasteners in turn, and after the bolt is tightened, the surface of the reinforcing structure is cleaned and leveled again.
  • the method for reinforcing a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, wherein a surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member is a flat surface, and the composite plate adapted to be a flat plate structure; at least in the reinforcing member
  • the anchoring bead and fastener are mounted at both ends.
  • the method for reinforcing a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the composite plate is disposed on a surface of the reinforcing member, and the anchoring bead is disposed on the composite plate, through a preset torque
  • the torque device sequentially anchors the anchoring bead, the composite panel, and the reinforcing member to the fastener.
  • the present invention proposes a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure and a reinforcing method, the device comprising: a composite material provided on a surface of a reinforcing member for a structural body for use as a cathode protection system and a composite material a reinforcing hole provided with a fastening hole for inserting the fastener; an anchoring bead provided on the composite plate for anchoring the composite plate and the reinforcing member; the anchoring bead A fastening hole for inserting the fastener is provided, and the anchoring bead and the composite panel are fixed to the reinforcing member by a fastener passing through a fastening hole on the anchoring bead.
  • the invention fixes the composite plate on the surface of the reinforcing member, and the composite plate serves as the auxiliary anode and the structural reinforcement plate in the cathodic protection system at the same time, and simultaneously satisfies the prevention of structural body corrosion and structural reinforcement, has the advantages of simple structure, simple process and stable quality.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a reinforcing device with an anchor structure according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a reinforcing method for a reinforcing device with an anchor structure according to the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure and a reinforcing method.
  • the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
  • the present invention provides a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure, wherein the structural reinforcing device comprises:
  • a composite panel 1 disposed on a surface of the reinforcing member 4 as a structural body for use as an anode material of a cathodic protection system and a structural reinforcing material;
  • the reinforcing member 4 is provided with a fastening hole for embedding the fastener 3;
  • the anchoring bead 2 is provided with a fastening hole for embedding the fastener 3, and the anchoring bead 2 and the composite panel 1 are fixed by the fastener 3 passing through the fastening hole on the anchoring bead 2 On the reinforcing member 4.
  • the composite panel 1 may be prefabricated or cast in advance.
  • the composite panel 1 includes a base material and a reinforcing material having good electrical conductivity.
  • the base material may be cement based, alkali activated, phosphorus magnesium carbonate or sulfur aluminum.
  • Inorganic cementitious materials such as acid salts, whose electrical conductivity can be optimized by adding fibrous materials or conductive particles.
  • Fiber materials such as metal fibers or carbon fibers, PBO, carbon nanotubes, or other organic polymeric materials.
  • the conductive particles may be powders such as carbon powder, graphite powder, copper, silver or iron.
  • the reinforcing material is a fiber material with conductive properties or other structural mechanical properties, such as carbon fiber board, carbon fiber cloth, carbon fiber mesh cloth, basalt fiber board, basalt fiber cloth, basalt fiber mesh cloth, fiberglass fiber board, fiberglass fiber cloth or fiberglass fiber. Grid cloth, etc.
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the composite panel 1 comprises at least one layer of carbon fiber cloth or carbon fiber mesh cloth and at least one fiber cloth or fiber mesh cloth for conducting and reinforcing, the carbon fiber
  • the cloth or carbon fiber mesh material is a carbon fiber material
  • the carbon fiber cloth or the carbon fiber mesh cloth material is a carbon fiber material (carbon fiber (CF), which is a high-strength, high-mode carbon having a carbon content of 95% or more.
  • a new type of fiber material which is made up of organic fibers such as flake graphite crystallites stacked along the axial direction of the fiber, obtained by carbonization and graphitization, and made of microcrystalline graphite material, carbon fiber "outer and soft inside", quality Lighter than metal aluminum, but stronger than steel, and has corrosion resistance, high modulus characteristics, is an important material in defense military and civilian use, it not only has the inherent intrinsic properties of carbon materials, but also has textile fibers Soft processability, is a new generation of reinforced fiber) or fiberglass material (glass fiber is an inorganic non-metallic material with excellent performance, a wide variety, the advantage is insulation
  • the invention has the advantages of strong heat resistance, good corrosion resistance, high mechanical strength, but disadvantageous in that it is brittle and wear resistance, or other materials which can simultaneously serve as an anode in the cathodic protection system and a dual function of structural reinforcement, etc. Carbon fiber materials are preferred.
  • the carbon fiber cloth or the carbon fiber mesh cloth and the fiber cloth or the fiber mesh are made of a cemented material into the composite board 1;
  • the cementing material is an inorganic gelling material having good electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties,
  • the resistivity of the cemented material is not higher than 200 ⁇ m, and the shear strength is not less than 0.1 N/mm 2 .
  • the cement-based inorganic cementitious material should be tested before use;
  • the composite board 1 is a plate-like structure.
  • the composite panel 1 has dual functions as an anode material of a cathodic protection system and a structural reinforcement material, and has high economic and environmental benefits.
  • the manufacturing process of the composite board 1 is as follows:
  • the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (CFRP material) widely used in the field of structural reinforcement not only has good mechanical properties, but also has good conductivity of carbon fiber as a main component, and the electrode potential is close to the electrochemical characteristics of the noble metal.
  • CFRP materials In order to make CFRP materials a link between the two aspects of joint structure reinforcement and cathodic protection, it is necessary to solve the feasibility of CFRP materials as auxiliary anodes. Combined with the research results of CFRP materials in structural reinforcement, CFRP materials can simultaneously Used as a dual purpose for reinforcement materials and auxiliary anodes.
  • the CFRP material when the structure is repaired by CFRP material, the CFRP material is used as a reinforcing material together with the structural engineering to improve the mechanical properties of the structure; on the other hand, as an auxiliary anode, the structure is applied with current cathodic protection (plus The current cathodic protection is to change the potential of the surrounding environment by an external power source, so that the potential of the device to be protected is always lower than the surrounding environment, thereby becoming a cathode in the entire environment, so that the device to be protected is not lost. Corrosion occurs with electrons.
  • This forced-current cathodic protection system consists of a rectified power supply, an anode ground bed, a reference electrode, and a connecting cable.
  • the cathodic protection of the equipment is the use of this impressed current cathodic protection method to protect the structure.
  • the dual use of this CFRP can also be introduced into the FRP-concrete composite structure, thus forming a new CFRP-reinforced-concrete composite structure with cathodic protection.
  • the new structural system has the advantages of a conventional FRP-concrete composite structure, such as improved mechanical properties, no additional construction formwork, and good durability. Since the structure can pass the cathodic protection current from the beginning, the steel corrosion of the structure is actively intervened to polarize the steel bars and remove harmful corrosive media such as chloride ions from the surface of the concrete reinforcing bar to achieve protection. The purpose of the steel bars.
  • the cementitious material of FRP and concrete structure is bonded in the system.
  • the cementitious material must have the characteristics of good electrical conductivity, good durability, and mechanical strength to meet structural reinforcement requirements.
  • the cementitious material and the FRP cloth are used to make the multi-layer fiber composite inorganic rubber board, and the fiber composite composite board can simultaneously serve as an auxiliary anode and a structural reinforcement plate in the cathodic protection system, and at the same time, it can prevent corrosion of the steel bar and Structural reinforcement has two major effects.
  • the anchoring bead 2 is used for reinforcing the bonding strength between the composite plate and the reinforcing member
  • the anchoring bead is aluminum alloy, flat iron or stainless steel plate-shaped bead, steel, FRP plate, FRP cloth or plate for fixing, that is, the plate is not particularly limited, as long as it can be used as a fixing plate, preferably aluminum alloy, flat iron or stainless steel plate-shaped bead; flat iron ( Flat iron: has good anti-corrosion and anti-rust function, commonly used for lightning protection grounding conductor) or stainless steel (stainless steel is the abbreviation of stainless acid-resistant steel, resistant to weak corrosive medium such as air, steam, water or stainless steel It is stainless steel); the requirements of the anchoring bead 2 are not easily deformed, the thickness of the anchoring bead 2 is preferably 5-30 mm, the width is preferably 10-300 mm, for example, the thickness is 10 mm, the width is 30 mm
  • the reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the fastener 3 is a bolt or rivet preferably between M8-M30, the bolt type is M8-M30 (M is a nominal diameter, for example, M8 It means a bolt with a nominal diameter of 8mm.
  • M is a nominal diameter, for example, M8 It means a bolt with a nominal diameter of 8mm.
  • M is selected according to actual needs) (mechanical parts, cylindrical threaded fasteners with nuts, A type of fastener consisting of a head and a screw (a cylinder with an external thread) is required to be fitted with a nut for fastening two parts with through holes).
  • a bolt hole for inserting a bolt is formed on the surface of the member 4, and a bolt hole of the same specification is also disposed on the anchoring bead 2, and the anchoring bead 2, the composite plate 1 and the reinforcing member 4 are sequentially anchored and pressed by bolts; It is also possible to fasten with rivets.
  • FIG. 2 is a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure according to the present invention.
  • Reinforcement method A flow chart of a preferred embodiment, the method comprising the following steps:
  • a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure is provided in advance, and the reinforcing device comprises a composite plate, an anchoring bead, and a fastener;
  • a plurality of fastening holes for inserting fasteners are disposed on the reinforcing member and the anchoring bead, and the surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member and the dust on the composite plate are cleaned;
  • a composite plate as an anode material of the cathodic protection system and a structural reinforcement material is disposed at a predetermined position on a surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member;
  • an anchoring bead for anchoring the composite panel and the reinforcing member is disposed on the composite board;
  • the method for reinforcing a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein a surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member is a flat surface, and the composite plate adapted to be a flat plate structure; at least at both ends of the reinforcing member
  • the anchoring bead and the fastener, the position of the anchoring bead and the fastener, the ends of the reinforcing member are required to be installed at both ends, as shown in Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the installation at both ends, if necessary, the intermediate position of the reinforcing member, as needed For installation, it is recommended to be close to the end of the beam.
  • the anchor bolts should be spaced a little (such as 20cm) and the middle part can be spaced a little further (for example, 1m).
  • the reinforcing region of the reinforcing member is determined according to a specific situation, for example, some reinforcing members (such as reinforced concrete) only need to reinforce one surface, as shown in FIG.
  • the reinforcing member may be in the shape of a square or other shape, and some reinforcing members (reinforced concrete) need to be reinforced on two sides, three sides or all sides, for example, when the structural body of the reinforcing member is cylindrical, A composite panel can then be reinforced around the structural body of the cylindrical reinforcing member.
  • the method for reinforcing a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure wherein the composite plate is disposed on a surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member, and the anchoring bead is disposed on the composite plate by a preset torque (for example, a torque device such as a torque wrench of 10 kN ⁇ m) anchors the anchoring bead, the composite plate and the reinforcing member in turn by the fasteners (such as bolts).
  • a torque device such as a torque wrench of 10 kN ⁇ m
  • the invention inserts the end of the composite plate into the reinforcing member through the fastener, strengthens the bonding action between the end of the composite plate and the reinforcing member, and the reaction force of the reinforcing member prevents the sliding of the composite plate, thereby achieving the reinforcing effect;
  • the method solves the problem that the end Flip of the existing FRP reinforcement method causes the FRP not to fully exert its strength.
  • the present invention effectively fixes the bonding strength and the service life by fixing the composite panel by using an anchoring device such as a fastener.
  • the surface of the reinforcing portion of the reinforcing member is a flat surface
  • the composite plate is adapted to be a flat plate structure.
  • the present invention discloses a reinforcing device with an anchoring structure and a reinforcing method, the device comprising: an anode material and a structural reinforcing material disposed on a surface of a reinforcing member for use as a structural body for use as a cathodic protection system a composite plate; the fastening member is provided with a fastening hole for embedding the fastener; and an anchoring bead provided on the composite plate for anchoring the composite plate and the reinforcing member; the anchoring The bead is provided with a fastening hole for embedding the fastener, and the anchoring bead and the composite plate are fixed to the reinforcing member by a fastener passing through a fastening hole on the anchoring bead.
  • the invention fixes the composite plate on the surface of the reinforcing member, and the composite plate serves as the auxiliary anode and the structural reinforcement plate in the cathodic protection system at the same time, and simultaneously satisfies the prevention of structural body corrosion and structural reinforcement, has the advantages of simple structure, simple process and stable quality.

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Abstract

一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法。加固装置包括设置于加固构件（4）表面上的复合板（1）、设置于复合板（1）上的锚固压条（2）、紧固件（3），紧固件（3）穿过锚固压条（2）上的紧固孔将锚固压条（2）与复合板（1）固定在加固构件（4）上。其中复合板（1）同时作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料，同时满足了防止结构本体锈蚀和结构加固，结构简单。加固方法则包括：预设带锚固结构的加固装置、将加固构件（4）表面和复合板（1）表面清理干净并将二者进行锚固连接、再次对加固结构表面进行清理平整。

Description

一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法 技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，尤其涉及的是一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法。
背景技术
钢筋混凝土结构是土木工程中最主要的结构形式，其安全性与国民经济健康发展紧密相关。然而，随着使用年限的增加和使用环境的变化，钢筋混凝土结构的劣化和功能失效较为普遍和严重，引起了科研学者对混凝土结构耐久性问题的关注。简而言之，混凝土的耐久性是指混凝土在实际使用条件下抵抗各种破坏因素的作用，长期保持强度和外观完整性的能力。
从材料学的角度来看，钢筋混凝土结构耐久性劣化的最主要原因是内部钢筋的锈蚀，钢筋在混凝土内部的锈蚀机理研究得较为成熟。目前，混凝土自身携带或外部侵入的氯离子被认为是造成钢筋腐蚀问题的最主要原因。抑制钢筋锈蚀的手段很多，例如涂敷防腐层和缓蚀剂等，其中外加电流阴极保护技术已被证明是最有效的方法之一，在某些情况下甚至是唯一的解决方法。外加电流阴极保护技术是基于PH-电位图原理提出来的，认为通过向钢筋施加阴极电流而使钢筋电位落在免蚀区，进而达到保护钢筋的目的，辅助阳极是外加电流阴极保护系统的重要组成部分。
从结构设计的角度来看，混凝土结构耐久性劣化具体表现为构件力学性能的劣化，利用钢板和纤维增强聚合物(Fiber Reinforced Polymer，简称FRP，质轻而硬，不导电，机械强度高，回收利用少，耐腐蚀)等结构增强和加固材料，提出了增大截面和外部粘贴等多种结构加固技术，并已应用到工程实践。结构加固材料通常通过胶凝材料(如环氧树脂)与混凝土结构共同承担荷载作用，可视为混凝土结构的附加保护层，并在一定程度隔绝外部环境介质对内部结构的侵蚀，但是施工工艺的缺陷和误差、结构服役过程中加固材料的劣化和损耗都会破坏这个保护层，导致混凝土结构的二次腐蚀。更重要的是，结构加固技术无法解决混凝土内部有害元素(如海沙混凝土中的氯化物和硫酸盐等)对钢筋的继续侵蚀， 实际工程中已有很多结构不止一次地进行加固，经常出现屡修屡坏的情况。
因此，在工程实践中往往需要同时进行结构加固与阴极保护，以达到标本兼治的结构修复和加固效果。截至目前，大多数工程进行修复时需要独自考虑对结构分别进行加固和保护，这势必给业主造成高昂的经济负担。
另外，传统的复合板均通过胶凝材料以粘帖的方式固定在结构上，但这种方式不仅在粘帖强度上不易控制，而且随着外部有害离子的侵蚀，粘帖界面劣化的情况会更为严重，耐久性存在一定的问题。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法，本发明通过将复合板固定在加固构件的表面，复合板可以同时作为阴极保护体系中的辅助阳极以及结构加固板材，同时满足防止结构本体锈蚀和结构加固两大功效；本发明的结构加固装置，结构简单，工艺简便，质量稳定，实用性强，施工方便，限制了复合板的端部滑移，充分发挥了复合板的强度，提高了加固效果。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述装置包括：
设置于用于作为结构本体的加固构件表面用于作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；
所述加固构件上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔；
设置于所述复合板上用于将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；
所述锚固压条上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，通过紧固件穿过所述锚固压条上的紧固孔，将所述锚固压条与复合板固定在所述加固构件上。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述复合板提前进行预制或者现浇，所述复合板包括具备良好导电性能的基体材料和增强材料，基体材料为水泥基、碱激发、磷镁酸盐基或硫铝酸盐基的无机胶凝材料，其导电性能通过添 加纤维材料或导电颗粒优化；纤维材料包括金属纤维、碳纤维、PBO、碳纳米管或有机高分子材料；导电颗粒包括碳粉、石墨粉、铜、银或铁粉末；增强材料为具有导电性能或结构力学性能增强的纤维材料，包括碳纤维板、碳纤维布、碳纤维网格布、玄武岩纤维板、玄武岩纤维布、玄武岩纤维网格布、玻璃钢纤维板、玻璃钢纤维布或玻璃钢纤维网格布。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布与纤维布或纤维网格之间通过胶凝材料制成复合板；所述胶凝材料为具有良好导电性和电化学特性的无机胶凝材料，所述胶凝材料电阻率不高于200Ωm，剪切强度不低于0.1N/mm 2。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述复合板为板状结构。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述锚固压条用于加强复合板与加固构件间的粘贴强度，所述锚固压条为铝合金、扁铁或者不锈钢板状压条、钢材、FRP板、FRP布或用于起固定作用的板材。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述锚固压条厚度为5-30mm，宽度为10-300mm。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述紧固件为使增强材料和主体结构紧密连接、增加粘结性能和粘结导电性能的紧固件，包括型号为M8-M30之间的螺栓或者铆钉。
一种带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其中，所述加固方法包括：
步骤S，预先设置带锚固结构的加固装置，所述加固装置包括复合板、锚固压条、紧固件；
步骤A：在加固构件和锚固压条上设置有多个用于紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，将所述加固构件的加固区域表面和所述复合板上的灰尘清理干净；
步骤B：在所述加固构件的加固区域表面的预定位置设置作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；
步骤C：在所述复合板上设置将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；
步骤D：通过紧固件依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧，在螺栓紧固后，对加固结构表面再次清理平整。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其中，所述加固构件的加固区域表面为平面，与之相适应的所述复合板为平板式结构；至少在所述加固构件的两端安装所述锚固压条和紧固件。
优选地，所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其中，将所述复合板设置于所述加固构件表面，再将所述锚固压条设置于所述复合板上，通过预设扭矩的扭矩装置将所述紧固件依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧。
有益效果：本发明提出了一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法，所述装置包括：设置于用于作为结构本体的加固构件表面用于作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；所述加固构件上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔；设置于所述复合板上用于将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；所述锚固压条上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，通过紧固件穿过所述锚固压条上的紧固孔，将所述锚固压条与复合板固定在所述加固构件上。本发明通过将复合板固定在加固构件的表面，复合板同时作为阴极保护体系中的辅助阳极以及结构加固板材，同时满足防止结构本体锈蚀和结构加固，结构简单，工艺简便，质量稳定。
附图说明
图1是本发明带锚固结构的加固装置立体结构示意图。
图2是本发明带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法较佳实施例流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下参照附图并举实例对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
如图1所示，本发明提供了一种带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述结构加固装置包括：
设置于用于作为结构本体的加固构件4表面用于作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板1；
所述加固构件4上设置有用于将紧固件3嵌入的紧固孔；
设置于所述复合板1上用于将所述复合板1与所述加固构件4进行锚固的锚固压条2；
所述锚固压条2上设置有用于将紧固件3嵌入的紧固孔，通过紧固件3穿过所述锚固压条2上的紧固孔，将所述锚固压条2与复合板1固定在所述加固构件4上。
所述复合板1可以提前进行预制，也可以现浇，所述复合板1包括具备良好导电性能的基体材料和增强材料，基体材料可以为水泥基、碱激发、磷镁酸盐基或硫铝酸盐基等无机胶凝材料，其导电性能可通过添加纤维材料或导电颗粒优化。纤维材料如金属纤维或碳纤维、PBO、碳纳米管、或其它有机高分子材料。导电颗粒可为碳粉、石墨粉、铜、银或铁等粉末。增强材料为具有导电性能或其他结构力学性能增强的纤维材料，如碳纤维板、碳纤维布、碳纤维网格布、玄武岩纤维板、玄武岩纤维布、玄武岩纤维网格布、玻璃钢纤维板、玻璃钢纤维布或玻璃钢纤维网格布等。
所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述复合板1包括至少一层碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布和至少一层纤维布或纤维网格布，起到导电及加固作用，所述碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布材料为碳纤维材料，所述碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布材料为碳纤维材料(碳纤维(carbon fiber，简称CF)，是一种含碳量在95％以上的高强度、高模量纤维的新型纤维材料，它是由片状石墨微晶等有机纤维沿纤维轴向方向堆砌而成，经碳化及石墨化处理而得到的微晶石墨材料，碳纤维“外柔内刚”，质量比金属铝轻，但强度却高于钢铁，并且具有耐腐蚀、高模量的特性，在国防军工和民用方面都是重要材料，它不仅具有碳材料的固有本征特性，又兼备纺织纤维的柔软可加工性，是新一代增强纤维)或者玻璃纤维材料(玻璃纤维是一种性能优异的无机非金属材料，种类繁多，优点是绝缘性好、耐热性强、抗腐蚀性好，机械强度高，但缺点是性脆，耐磨性较差)，或其他可以同时作为阴极保护 系统中的阳极以及结构加固双重功能的材料等，本发明优选碳纤维材料。
所述碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布与纤维布或纤维网格之间通过胶凝材料制成复合板1；所述胶凝材料为具有良好导电性和电化学特性的无机胶凝材料，所述胶凝材料电阻率不高于200Ωm，剪切强度不低于0.1N/mm 2，如水泥基无机胶凝材料，使用前应先测试；所述复合板1为板状结构。所述复合板1具有作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料，以及结构加固材料等双重功效，具有较高的经济和环境效益。关于复合板1的制作过程如下：
目前广泛用于结构加固领域的碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP材料)不仅具备良好的力学性能，而且作为主要成分的碳纤维导电性良好，电极电位接近贵金属的电化学特性。
要想使CFRP材料能成为连接结构加固和阴极保护两大领域的纽带，必须先解决CFRP材料作为辅助阳极的可行性问题，结合CFRP材料在结构加固中成熟的研究成果，CFRP材料能发挥其同时作为加固材料和辅助阳极的双重用途。也就是说，采用CFRP材料对结构进行修复时，CFRP材料一方面用作加固材料与结构工程共同受力，提高结构的力学性能；另一方面作为辅助阳极对结构施以外加电流阴极保护(外加电流阴极保护是通过外部电源来改变周围环境的电位，使得需要保护的设备的电位一直处在低于周围环境的状态下，从而成为整个环境中的阴极，这样需要保护的设备就不会因为失去电子而发生腐蚀了。这种强制外加电流的阴极保护系统是由整流电源、阳极地床、参比电极、连接电缆组成的，主要用在大型设备的阴极保护或者土壤电阻率比较高的环境中的设备的阴极保护，比如长距离输油输气等埋在地下的工业管道还有大型的储备石油等工业原料的储罐群都是使用这种外加电流的阴极保护方式)从而保护结构。
基于相同的思路，这种CFRP的双重用途也能引入到FRP-混凝土组合结构中去，这样就形成了带阴极防护功能的新型CFRP-钢筋-混凝土组合结构体系。该新型结构体系具有传统FRP-混凝土组合结构的优点，如改善力学性能、无需额外的施工模板、耐久性好等。由于在结构从一开始就可以对其通过阴极防护电流，对结构的钢筋腐蚀进行主动干预，使钢筋极化并从混凝土钢筋表面向外撵走 有害的腐蚀介质，如氯离子等，从而达到防护钢筋的目的。
为了实现这种新型修复体系，在该体系中粘接FRP和混凝土结构的胶凝材料，该胶凝材料必须具备导电、耐久性能好、且力学强度达到结构加固要求等特点，在提出合适胶凝材料的前提下，利用该胶凝材料和FRP布制成多层纤维复合材料无机胶板，该纤维复复合板可以同时作为阴极保护体系中的辅助阳极以及结构加固板材，同时满足防止钢筋锈蚀和结构加固两大功效。
所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述锚固压条2为用于加强复合板与加固构件间的粘贴强度，例如所述锚固压条为铝合金、扁铁或者不锈钢板状压条、钢材、FRP板、FRP布或用于起固定作用的板材，即此处板材不作具体限定，只要是能起固定作用的板材即可，优选为为铝合金、扁铁或者不锈钢板状压条；扁铁(扁铁：有良好的防腐防锈功能，常用于防雷接地的导体)或者不锈钢(不锈钢是不锈耐酸钢的简称，耐空气、蒸汽、水等弱腐蚀介质或具有不锈性的钢种称为不锈钢)；锚固压条2的要求是不易变形，锚固压条2厚度优选为为5-30mm，宽度优选为为10-300mm，例如厚度为10mm，宽度为30mm的不锈钢，其他厚度根据实际要求进行其他选择也可。锚固压条2的作用相当于一种机械锚固，其锚固力来自紧固件(如螺栓)的抗剪能力。
所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其中，所述紧固件3为优选为型号为M8-M30之间的螺栓或者铆钉，所述螺栓型号为M8-M30(M为公称直径，比如，M8意思是公称直径为8mm的螺栓，例如本发明中采用螺栓作为紧固件时，M的大小根据实际需要选择)之间的螺栓(机械零件，配用螺母的圆柱形带螺纹的紧固件，由头部和螺杆(带有外螺纹的圆柱体)两部分组成的一类紧固件，需与螺母配合，用于紧固连接两个带有通孔的零件)，在需要安装螺栓的加固构件4的表面上开设用于螺栓嵌入的螺栓孔，锚固压条2上也对应开设有同样规格的螺栓孔，通过螺栓依次将所述锚固压条2、复合板1以及加固构件4进行锚固压紧；同样也可以采用铆钉进行紧固。
进一步地，本发明实施例还提供了一种带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，进一步的进行解释说明，如图2所示，为本发明的图2是本发明带锚固结构的加 固装置的加固方法较佳实施例流程图，该方法包括如下步骤：
S100，预先设置带锚固结构的加固装置，所述加固装置包括复合板、锚固压条、紧固件；
S200，在加固构件和锚固压条上设置有多个用于紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，将所述加固构件的加固区域表面和所述复合板上的灰尘清理干净；
S300，在所述加固构件的加固区域表面的预定位置设置作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；
S400，在所述复合板上设置将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；
S500，通过紧固件依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧，在螺栓紧固后，对加固结构表面再次清理平整。
所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其中，所述加固构件的加固区域表面为平面，与之相适应的所述复合板为平板式结构；至少在所述加固构件的两端安装所述锚固压条和紧固件，所述锚固压条和紧固件的位置，加固构件头尾两端是一定要安装的，如图1就是两端安装的示意图，加固构件中间位置的话，根据需要进行安装，建议是靠近梁端的地方，锚栓间隔密一点(比如20cm)，中间部分可以间隔远一点(比如1m)。
其中，所述加固构件的加固区域因根据具体的情况而定，例如，有的加固构件(例如钢筋混凝土)只需加固一个面，如图1所示。所述加固构件形状可以为正方体或者其他形状，而有的加固构件(钢筋混凝土)需加固两个面、三个面或四周都需加固，比如当所述加固构件的结构本体为圆柱形时，则可以采用在所述圆柱形加固构件的结构本体周围都加固复合板。
所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其中，将所述复合板设置于所述加固构件的加固区域表面，再将所述锚固压条设置于所述复合板上，通过预设扭矩(比如10kN·m)的扭矩装置(如扭矩扳手)将所述紧固件(如螺栓)依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧。
本发明是将复合板端部通过紧固件嵌固到加固构件中，加强了复合板端部与 加固构件的粘接作用，加固构件的反作用力阻止了复合板的滑动，从而达到加固效果；本方法很好的解决了现有FRP加固法发生端部滑移，导致FRP不能充分发挥其强度的问题。另外，本发明通过使用紧固件等锚固装置对复合板进行固定，将有效提高粘帖强度和使用寿命。本发明中所述加固构件的加固区域表面为平面，与之相适应所述复合板为平板式结构。
综上所述，本发明公开了一种带锚固结构的加固装置及加固方法，所述装置包括：设置于用于作为结构本体的加固构件表面用于作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；所述加固构件上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔；设置于所述复合板上用于将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；所述锚固压条上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，通过紧固件穿过所述锚固压条上的紧固孔，将所述锚固压条与复合板固定在所述加固构件上。本发明通过将复合板固定在加固构件的表面，复合板同时作为阴极保护体系中的辅助阳极以及结构加固板材，同时满足防止结构本体锈蚀和结构加固，结构简单，工艺简便，质量稳定。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述装置包括：
    设置于用于作为结构本体的加固构件表面用于作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；
    所述加固构件上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔；
    设置于所述复合板上用于将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；所述锚固压条上设置有用于将紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，通过紧固件穿过所述锚固压条上的紧固孔，将所述锚固压条与复合板固定在所述加固构件上。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述复合板提前进行预制或者现浇，所述复合板包括具备良好导电性能的基体材料和增强材料，基体材料为水泥基、碱激发、磷镁酸盐基或硫铝酸盐基的无机胶凝材料，其导电性能通过添加纤维材料或导电颗粒优化；纤维材料包括金属纤维、碳纤维、PBO、碳纳米管或有机高分子材料；导电颗粒包括碳粉、石墨粉、铜、银或铁粉末；增强材料为具有导电性能或结构力学性能增强的纤维材料，包括碳纤维板、碳纤维布、碳纤维网格布、玄武岩纤维板、玄武岩纤维布、玄武岩纤维网格布、玻璃钢纤维板、玻璃钢纤维布或玻璃钢纤维网格布。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述碳纤维布或碳纤维网格布与纤维布或纤维网格之间通过胶凝材料制成复合板；所述胶凝材料为具有良好导电性和电化学特性的无机胶凝材料，所述胶凝材料电阻率不高于200Ωm，剪切强度不低于0.1N/mm 2。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述复合板为板状结构。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述锚固压条用于加强复合板与加固构件间的粘贴强度，所述锚固压条为铝合金、扁铁或者不锈钢板状压条、钢材、FRP板、FRP布或用于起固定作用的板材。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的带锚固结构的加固装置，其特征在于，所述紧固件为使增强材料和主体结构紧密连接、增加粘结性能和粘结导电性能的紧固件，包括型号为M8-M30之间的螺栓或者铆钉。
  7. 一种带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其特征在于，所述加固方法包括：步骤S，预先设置带锚固结构的加固装置，所述加固装置包括复合板、锚固压条、紧固件；
    步骤A：在加固构件和锚固压条上设置有多个用于紧固件嵌入的紧固孔，将所述加固构件的加固区域表面和所述复合板上的灰尘清理干净；
    步骤B：在所述加固构件的加固区域表面的预定位置设置作为阴极保护系统的阳极材料以及结构加固材料的复合板；
    步骤C：在所述复合板上设置将所述复合板与所述加固构件进行锚固的锚固压条；步骤D：通过紧固件依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧，在螺栓紧固后，对加固结构表面再次清理平整。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其特征在于，所述加固构件的加固区域表面为平面，与之相适应的所述复合板为平板式结构；至少在所述加固构件的两端安装所述锚固压条和紧固件。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的带锚固结构的加固装置的加固方法，其特征在于，将所述复合板设置于所述加固构件表面，再将所述锚固压条设置于所述复合板上，通过预设扭矩的扭矩装置将所述紧固件依次将所述锚固压条、复合板以及加固构件进行锚固压紧。
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