WO2018200611A1 - Compressor with variable compressor inlet - Google Patents

Compressor with variable compressor inlet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018200611A1
WO2018200611A1 PCT/US2018/029265 US2018029265W WO2018200611A1 WO 2018200611 A1 WO2018200611 A1 WO 2018200611A1 US 2018029265 W US2018029265 W US 2018029265W WO 2018200611 A1 WO2018200611 A1 WO 2018200611A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
adjusting
compressor
adjusting mechanism
wall
section
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2018/029265
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Sascha KARSTADT
Waldemar Henke
Original Assignee
Borgwarner Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Borgwarner Inc. filed Critical Borgwarner Inc.
Priority to CN201880001435.4A priority Critical patent/CN109312755A/en
Publication of WO2018200611A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018200611A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
    • F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
    • F04D25/04—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being fluid-driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/22—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits
    • F02B37/225—Control of the pumps by varying cross-section of exhaust passages or air passages, e.g. by throttling turbine inlets or outlets or by varying effective number of guide conduits air passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0253—Surge control by throttling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/4206—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/4213—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps suction ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/464—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps adjusting flow cross-section, otherwise than by using adjustable stator blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/40—Application in turbochargers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/51—Inlet
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an adjusting mechanism for a compressor, a compressor comprising a corresponding adjusting mechanism, and a charging device comprising a corresponding compressor.
  • Exhaust gas turbochargers are known, for example, in which a turbine with a turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine.
  • a compressor with a compressor wheel which is arranged with a turbine wheel on a mutual shaft, compresses the fresh air taken in for the engine.
  • Compressors may also be decoupled from exhaust gas turbochargers, for example, in mechanically or electrically driven compressors, or, for example, in combination with an air supply for a fuel cell engine.
  • Known compressors comprise a compressor housing in which a compressor wheel is arranged. The fresh air is sucked in by a compressor inlet, accelerated by the compressor wheel, and leaves the compressor via a volute.
  • Each compressor has a compressor-specific compressor characteristic map, wherein the operation of the compressor is limited to the range of the compressor characteristic map between the surge limit and the choke line. Depending on the size and configuration of the compressor, the operation at low volume flows by the compressor may be inefficient or no longer possible as the surge limit is not reached.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an adjusting mechanism for a more efficient compressor in order to be able to use a larger range in the compressor characteristic map.
  • the present invention relates to an adjusting mechanism for a compressor of a charging device according to Claim 1, a compressor for a charging device according to Claim 12, and a charging device according to Claim 15.
  • the adjusting mechanism according to the invention for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet comprises an adjusting ring, a plurality of adjusting elements which are rotatably mounted and coupled to the adjusting ring, and a trimming device which defines an inlet cross section.
  • the adjusting elements are coupled to the trimming device so that a movement of the adjusting elements causes an adjustment of the trimming device.
  • the adjustment of the trimming device causes a change in the inlet cross section.
  • a larger compressor characteristic map as a whole may be used with one single compressor, since the surge limit of the compressor may be displaced further to the left, thus in the direction of a lower volume flow, in the compressor characteristic map.
  • This is achieved in that a reduction of the cross section of the compressor inlet leads to an acceleration of the flow.
  • a more homogeneous inflow may be generated since a detachment of the flow in the area of the hub of the compressor wheel may be reduced or avoided due to the narrowing of the cross section.
  • the adjusting mechanism which enables a variable configuration of the cross section of the compressor inlet, leads to an increased efficiency of the compressor, which in turn has a positive effect on fuel consumption and/or the torque build-up for a downstream internal combustion engine.
  • the inlet cross section may have a maximum cross- sectional surface in a first position of the adjusting mechanism and a minimal cross sectional surface in a second position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the adjusting mechanism may additionally be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
  • At least three, in particular between four and ten adjusting elements may be provided.
  • the adjusting elements may be arranged along a circular path.
  • the circular path may be arranged concentric to the adjusting ring.
  • the adjusting elements may each have a bearing shaft for rotatable mounting of the adjusting elements in a compressor housing.
  • the adjusting elements may have a longitudinal extension with a first end and a second end, wherein the respective bearing shaft is arranged in the area of the first end of each adjusting element.
  • the adjusting ring may have a plurality of recesses along its radially inner periphery, said recesses correspond to the number of adjusting elements, wherein in each case one of the bearing shafts is arranged in one recess respectively.
  • the adjusting elements may be coupled to the trimming device in the area of the second end.
  • the adjusting elements may each have a longitudinal groove.
  • the adjusting ring may have a plurality of guide pins, wherein the guide pins are guided into the longitudinal grooves.
  • the trimming device may have a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration.
  • the trimming device may have a plurality of vanes, which are movable relative to one another, for changing the inlet cross section.
  • the plurality of vanes may together describe an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism, and an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the vanes may be pivotably mounted on a first end and be coupled in each case to one of the adjusting elements on a second end.
  • the pivotable mounting of the vanes in the area of the first end may be carried out via eyelets, which are arranged in the area of the first ends of the vanes, for example, in combination with a steel strip, or alternatively via a fixed ring structure to which the tabs are hooked which may be designed on the first ends of the vanes.
  • An elastic wall material may be provided between the vanes. Without the elastic wall material, openings would arise between the vanes in the first, open position of the adjusting mechanism, whereas the vanes contact one another or overlap one another in the second, closed position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the elastic wall material extends during the opening of the vanes and spans these openings. By this means, fluidic advantages arise for the compressor inlet in the first position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the elastic wall material may be arranged, for example, in slits in the side walls of the vanes in the closed, second position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the trimming device may have a wall which comprises an elastic material.
  • a wall contour of the wall may describe an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism, and an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • a first end of the wall may be fixed at a constant cross section, and a second end of the wall may be coupled to the adjusting elements.
  • At least one part of a collar-shaped section of the wall, which the wall may have in the second position of the adjusting mechanism, may be arranged between the adjusting elements and the adjusting ring.
  • a change in size of the wall may be achieved, for example, wholly due to the elasticity of the elastic material.
  • a change in size of the wall may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism, which retains a part of the elastic material of the wall in the second position of the adjusting mechanism, and releases it upon transition into the first position of the adjusting mechanism.
  • the wall may additionally have reinforcements.
  • the reinforcements may be arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to the trimming device. Due to the reinforcements, the shape of the trimming device may be defined more precisely and may be better maintained in the respective position of the adjusting mechanism. The influence on the contour of the wall of the trimming device by the fluid flowing through the adjusting mechanism is thereby reduced.
  • the reinforcements may be applied radially outwardly on the wall, may be applied radially inwardly on the wall, or may be manufactured integrally with the wall.
  • the adjusting ring may be moved, in particular, rotated by an actuator.
  • the invention additionally comprises a compressor for a charging device with a compressor housing in which a compressor wheel is arranged, and an adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the adjusting mechanism is arranged in the compressor housing in the area of a compressor inlet.
  • the adjusting ring may be rotatably mounted in the compressor housing.
  • an adjusting actuator may be provided, which is in operative connection with the adjusting ring.
  • the adjusting actuator may be in operative connection with the adjusting ring and may be designed to rotate the adjusting ring relative to the compressor housing in order to change the cross section of the compressor inlet.
  • a controller of the adjusting actuator may be designed to actuate the adjusting actuator and thus the adjusting mechanism, by which means the cross section of the compressor inlet is changed, at least partially based on one or more control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
  • the invention additionally comprises a charging device with a compressor according to any one of the preceding configurations.
  • the charging device may be an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally may comprise a turbine.
  • the exhaust gas turbocharger may be an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprise an electric motor.
  • the charging device may comprise an electric motor and the compressor may be purely electrically driven.
  • Figure 1 shows a cross section of one embodiment of a compressor according to the invention with one embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a first view of one embodiment of a part of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a second view of the embodiment of a part of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 4 shows a first view of a first embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 5 shows a second view of the first embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a first view of a second embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention
  • Figure 7 shows a second view of the second embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention. Detailed Description of the Invention
  • radial surfaces/lateral planes refer to surfaces that are arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 500 of compressor 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows an isometric cutaway view of one embodiment of compressor 10 according to the invention.
  • Compressor 10 comprises a compressor housing 100 in which a compressor wheel 200 is arranged which rotates about an axis of rotation 500 of the compressor during operation.
  • Compressor 10 additionally comprises a compressor inlet 110, through which air to be compressed is supplied to the compressor.
  • the adjusting mechanism 400 for variable changing of the cross section of compressor inlet 110, in particular for adjusting the cross-sectional surface of compressor inlet 110, is arranged in the area of compressor inlet 110 and upstream of compressor wheel 200 in the flow direction.
  • adjusting mechanism 400 comprises an adjusting ring 430 and a plurality of adjusting elements 420 which are rotatably mounted and are coupled to adjusting ring 430.
  • the adjusting mechanism additionally contains a trimming device 410 (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 through Figure 7), which defines an inlet cross section, wherein the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 also determines the inlet cross section of compressor inlet 110 in the installed state (see Figure 1).
  • Adjusting elements 420 are coupled to trimming device 410 so that a movement of adjusting elements 420 causes an adjustment of trimming device 410.
  • the adjustment of trimming device 410 thus causes a change of the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 and thus of compressor inlet 110.
  • the size (area) of the inlet cross section is variably adjusted.
  • This area of the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 simultaneously defines the area of the cross section of the compressor inlet 110.
  • adjusting elements 420 are coupled to adjusting ring 430 in such a way that a movement, in particular, a rotation of adjusting ring 430 causes a movement of adjusting elements 420.
  • this may be adapted to correspond to the respective operating range of compressor 10.
  • a larger compressor characteristic map as a whole may be used with one single compressor 10, since the surge limit of compressor 10 may be displaced further to the left, thus in the direction of a lower volume flow, in the compressor characteristic map.
  • a reduction of the cross section of compressor inlet 110 leads to an acceleration of the flow.
  • a more homogeneous inflow may be generated since a detachment of the flow in the area of the hub of compressor wheel 200 may be reduced or avoided due to the narrowing of the cross section.
  • adjusting mechanism 400 which enables a variable configuration of the cross section of compressor inlet 110, leads to an increased efficiency of compressor 10, which in turn has a positive effect on fuel consumption and/or the torque build-up for a downstream internal combustion engine.
  • the adjusting mechanism has a maximum cross-sectional surface in a first position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see ( Figure 2, Figure 4, and Figure 6). In a second position, adjusting mechanism 400 has a minimum cross-sectional surface (see Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, and Figure 7). In addition, it may be provided that adjusting mechanism 400 may be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
  • adjusting mechanism 400 has six adjusting elements. In alternative embodiments of adjusting mechanism 400, at least three, in particular, any number between four and ten adjusting elements 420 may be provided. Adjusting elements 420 are arranged along a circular path concentric to adjusting ring 430. As is likewise clear in Figures 2 and 3, adjusting elements 420 each have a bearing shaft 440. Adjusting elements 420 are rotatably mounted in compressor housing 100 via bearing shafts 440. This means that bearing shafts 440 may, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding recesses (for example, boreholes) in a radial side wall of compressor housing 100.
  • bearing shafts 440 may, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding recesses (for example, boreholes) in a radial side wall of compressor housing 100.
  • Adjusting elements 420 have a longitudinal extension with a first end 422 and a second end 424, wherein respective bearing shaft 440 is arranged in the area of first end 422 of each adjusting element 420.
  • adjusting elements 420 are shown, for example, which have a curved form with a concave side 426, arranged radially inward, and a convex side 427, arranged radially outward.
  • adjusting ring 430 has a plurality of recesses 432 along its radially inner periphery.
  • the number of recesses 432 is thereby adapted to the number of adjusting elements 420, so that in each case one of bearing shafts 440 is arranged in a respective recess 432.
  • Recesses 432 function to prevent blocking of the movement of adjusting ring 430 by bearing shafts 440.
  • recesses 432 may define a maximum free rotational movement of adjusting ring 430. This is realized in that bearing shafts 440 strike a first wall of recesses 432 in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, and strike a second wall of recesses 432, opposite to the first wall, in a second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • adjusting elements 420 are coupled to trimming device 410 in the area of second end 424. Adjusting elements 420 may thereby only be in contact with trimming device 410 (as indicated in the figures), thus are loosely coupled to trimming device 410. Alternatively, adjusting elements 420 may be fixedly connected to trimming device 410, for example, via a joint or a type of hinge connection (not depicted in the figures).
  • Adjusting elements 420 additionally have a respective longitudinal groove 428.
  • Adjusting ring 430 has a plurality of guide pins 450, wherein the number of guide pins 450 is aligned with the number of adjusting elements 420.
  • Guide pins 450 are arranged on a radially lateral surface of adjusting ring 430 and extend in the axial direction into longitudinal grooves 428 of adjusting elements 420 and are guided in the same (see, for example, Figure 2 and Figure 3).
  • a movement of guide pins 450 causes a displacement of guide pins 450 in respective grooves 428.
  • the geometry and the arrangement of adjusting element 420 and grooves 428 achieves that, during a movement of guide pins 450 in grooves 428, a force is simultaneously applied to adjusting elements 420 which causes a rotation of adjusting elements 420 about bearing shafts 440 (see, for example, Figure 2 in comparison with Figure 3). Due to this rotation and the coupling of adjusting elements 420 to trimming device 410, a change of the inlet cross section, which is defined by trimming device 410, is caused (see, for example, Figure 4 in comparison to Figure 5 and Figure 6 in comparison to Figure 7).
  • Trimming device 410 has a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration.
  • adjusting mechanism 400 with different trimming devices 410, with corresponding wall systems, shown in Figures 4 through 7, are described in greater detail.
  • Trimming device 410 of the embodiment from Figure 4 and Figure 5 has a plurality of vanes 412, which are movable relative to one another in order to change the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • the plurality of vanes 412 In the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, the plurality of vanes 412 mutually describes an approximately cylindrical shape (see Figure 4).
  • the plurality of vanes 412 In the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, the plurality of vanes 412 describes an approximate funnel shape (see Figure 5).
  • vanes 412 may be pivotably mounted on a first end 412a. Vanes 412 are each coupled to one of adjusting elements 420 on a second end 412b.
  • Trimming device 410 has an approximately constant cross section on first end 412a of vanes 412.
  • second ends 412b of the vanes may be moved radially outwardly and radially inwardly by adjusting elements 420, so that the cross section of trimming device 410 in this area may be variably adjusted in order to change the inlet cross section.
  • Vanes 412 may thereby be, for example, biased radially outward (for example by a spring or a spring property of the material of vanes 412) in order to arrive in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400 without the influence of adjusting elements 420.
  • vanes 412 are then pressed radially inward by adjusting elements 420.
  • adjusting elements 420 contact vanes 412; they do not have to be fixedly connected thereto.
  • rollers are applied at the respective second ends 424 so that adjusting elements 420 roll on trimming device 410 or its vanes 412 from the first position into the second position during the adjustment of adjusting mechanism 400 (and vice verse).
  • vanes 412 may be biased radially inwardly in order to arrive in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 without the influence of adjusting elements 420.
  • vanes 412 are then drawn radially outward by adjusting elements 420.
  • vanes 412 must be fixedly coupled or at least coupled in a positive-locking way to adjusting elements 420.
  • the pivotable mounting (not shown in the figures) of vanes 412 in the area of first end 412a may be carried out via eyelets, which are arranged in the area of first ends 412a of vanes 412, for example, in combination with a steel strip, or alternatively via a fixed ring structure to which the tabs are hooked which may be designed on first ends 412b of vanes 412.
  • an elastic wall material is arranged between vanes 412. Without the elastic wall material, openings 413 arise between the vanes 412 in the first, open position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 4), whereas the vanes contact one another or overlap one another in the second, closed position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 5). If an elastic wall material is provided, then this extends during the opening of vanes 412 and spans these openings 413. By this means, fluidic advantages arise for compressor inlet 110 in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • the elastic wall material may be arranged, for example, in slits in the side walls of vanes 412 in the closed, second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • Figure 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of adjusting mechanism 400 with an alternative configuration of trimming device 410, which has a wall 414 which comprises an elastic material.
  • the elastic material is heat resistant and has a high load capacity so that it withstands the loads in compressor inlet 110.
  • the wall contour of wall 414 may, in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, again have an approximately cylindrical shape (see Figure 6), and may have an approximate funnel shape in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 7).
  • a first end 414a of wall 414 is again fixed at a constant cross section (for example, fixedly connected to compressor housing 100 or compressor housing cover 120, see Figure 1).
  • a second end 414b of wall 414 is coupled to adjusting elements 420, wherein second ends 424 of adjusting elements 420 may slide (or roll, in case rollers are provided on second ends 424) across the elastic material of wall 414.
  • Second end 414b of wall 414 again describes a variable cross section which may be variably changed via adjusting elements 420.
  • the elastic material of wall 414 may, for example, be detensioned in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400 and then be tensioned by adjusting elements 420 radially inward into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • the elastic material of wall 414 may be preformed such that it is detensioned in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 and is tensioned by adjusting elements 420 radially outward into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • the elastic material of wall 414 may be preformed such that it is detensioned in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 and is tensioned by adjusting elements 420 radially outward into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • In the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 at least one part of a collar-like section 415 of wall 414, which wall 414 forms in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, is arranged between adjusting elements 420 and adjusting ring 430 (see Figure 7).
  • a change in size of wall 414 may be achieved, for example, wholly due to the elasticity of the elastic material.
  • a change in size of wall 414 may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism (not shown), which retains a part of the elastic material of wall 414 in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, and releases it during transition into the first position of adjusting mechanism 400.
  • the material feed mechanism may, for example, be designed according to the principle of a roller blind.
  • Wall 414 may additionally have reinforcements (not shown in the figures.
  • the reinforcements may, for example, be arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to trimming device 410. Due to the reinforcements, the shape of trimming device 410 may be defined more precisely and may be better maintained in the respective position of adjusting mechanism 400. The influence of the fluid flowing through adjusting mechanism 400 is thereby reduced on the contour of wall 414 of trimming device 410.
  • the reinforcements may be applied radially outwardly on wall 414, may be applied radially inwardly on wall 414, or may be manufactured integrally with the wall.
  • the reinforcements may thus be subsequently fastened on the outside or inside of wall 414, for example, they may be glued, stitched, pushed/sewn into pockets, or welded.
  • the reinforcements may be incorporated directly into the wall during the production of the wall from the elastic material, for example, in an extrusion method.
  • the invention also comprises a compressor 10 for a charging device comprising a compressor housing 100 in which a compressor wheel 200 is arranged, and a previously described adjusting mechanism 400 which is arranged in compressor housing 100 in the area of compressor inlet 110. Adjusting ring 430 is thereby rotatably mounted in compressor housing 100.
  • adjusting mechanism 400 may, for example, be arranged and mounted between a radial lateral surface of a compressor housing cover 120 and a radial lateral surface of compressor housing 100 (see Figure 1).
  • an adjusting actuator (not shown in the figures) may be provided which is in operative connection with adjusting ring 430 and is designed to rotate adjusting ring 430 relative to compressor housing 100 in order to change the cross section of compressor inlet 110.
  • the compressor or adjusting actuator may comprise a controller, wherein the controller may be designed to actuate the adjusting actuator, and thus adjusting mechanism 400, by which means the cross section of compressor inlet 110 is changed.
  • the actuation may be carried out based at least partially on one or more control variables, selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
  • control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
  • the invention additionally comprises a charging device comprising a compressor 10 according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the charging device may be an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally may comprise a turbine.
  • the exhaust gas turbocharger may be an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprise an electric motor.
  • the charging device may not comprise a turbine and may only comprise an electric motor and compressor 10 may be purely electrically driven.
  • An adjusting mechanism (400) for a compressor of a charging device for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet comprising an adjusting ring (430);
  • adjusting elements 420 which are rotatably mounted and are coupled to the adjusting ring (430);
  • a trimming device (410) which defines an inlet cross section, wherein the adjusting elements (420) are coupled to the trimming device (410) so that a movement of the adjusting elements (420) causes an adjustment of the trimming device (410), wherein the adjustment of the trimming device (410) causes a change in the inlet cross section.
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 1 characterized in that the inlet cross section has a maximum cross-sectional surface in a first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and has a minimal cross sectional surface in a second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 2 characterized in that the adjusting mechanism (400) may be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
  • adjusting mechanism characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) are arranged along a circular path, wherein the circular path is arranged concentric to the adjusting ring (430).
  • adjusting elements (420) each have a bearing shaft (440) for rotatable mounting of the adjusting elements (420) in a compressor housing (100).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) each have a longitudinal groove (428), and in that the adjusting ring (430) has a plurality of guide pins (450), wherein the guide pins (450) are guided in the longitudinal grooves (428).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration.
  • the trimming device (410) has a plurality of vanes (412) which are movable relative to one another for changing the inlet cross section, wherein the plurality of vanes (412) mutually describes an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and describes an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 12 characterized in that the vanes (412) are pivotably mounted on a first end (412a) and are coupled to one of the adjusting elements (420) respectively at a second end (412b).
  • Embodiment 12 The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 12 or Embodiment 13, characterized in that an elastic wall material is provided between the vanes (412).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 1 through 11, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a wall (414) which comprises an elastic material, wherein a wall contour of the wall (414) has an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and has an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 15 characterized in that a first end (414a) of the wall (414) is fixed at a constant cross section, and a second end (414b) of the wall (414) is coupled to the adjusting elements (420).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 15 or Embodiment 16 characterized in that at least one part of a collar-shaped section (415) of the wall (414), which the wall (414) has in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), is arranged between the adjusting elements (420) and the adjusting ring (430).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 15 through 17, characterized in that a change of size of the wall (414) is achieved completely due to the elasticity of the elastic material.
  • a change in size of the wall (414) may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism, which retains a part of the elastic material of the wall (414) in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), and releases it during transition into the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 15 through 18, characterized in that the wall (414) additionally has reinforcements, in particular wherein the reinforcements are arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to the trimming device (410).
  • the adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 20 characterized in that the reinforcements are applied radially outwardly on the wall (414), are applied radially inwardly on the wall (414), or are manufactured integrally with the wall.
  • the adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) may be moved, in particular, may be rotated by an actuator.
  • a compressor (10) for a charging device compri a compressor housing (100) in which a compressor wheel (200) is arranged;
  • an adjusting mechanism (400) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the adjusting mechanism (400) is arranged in the compressor housing (100) in the area of a compressor inlet (110).
  • the compressor according to Embodiment 23 characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) is rotatably mounted in the compressor housing (100).
  • Embodiment 23 characterized in that an adjusting actuator is additionally provided which is in operative connection with the adjusting mechanism (400).
  • a controller of the adjusting actuator is designed to actuate the adjusting actuator and thus the adjusting mechanism (400), by which means the cross section of the compressor inlet (110) is changed, at least partially based on one or more control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position
  • a charging device with a compressor according to any one of Embodiments 23 through 27 The charging device according to Embodiment 28, characterized in that the charging device is an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally comprises a turbine, and optionally wherein the exhaust gas turbocharger is an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprises an electric motor.
  • a charging device characterized in that the charging device comprises an electric motor, and the compressor (10) is electrically driven.

Abstract

An adjusting mechanism (400) for a compressor of a charging device for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet, comprising an adjusting ring (430), a plurality of adjusting elements (420) which are rotatably mounted and coupled to the adjusting ring, and a trimming device (410) which defines an inlet cross section. The adjusting elements are coupled to the trimming device so that a movement of the adjusting elements causes an adjustment of the trimming device. The adjustment of the trimming device causes a change in the inlet cross section.

Description

COMPRESSOR WITH VARIABLE COMPRESSOR INLET
Field of the Invention [0001] The present invention relates to an adjusting mechanism for a compressor, a compressor comprising a corresponding adjusting mechanism, and a charging device comprising a corresponding compressor.
Background Information
[0002] Increasingly more vehicles of the more recent generation are equipped with charging devices. In order to achieve the target demands and the legal requirements, it is imperative to promote development in the complete drive train and also to optimize the individual components as well as the system as a whole with respect to their reliability and efficiency.
[0003] Exhaust gas turbochargers are known, for example, in which a turbine with a turbine wheel is driven by the exhaust gas flow of the internal combustion engine. A compressor with a compressor wheel, which is arranged with a turbine wheel on a mutual shaft, compresses the fresh air taken in for the engine. By this means, the air or oxygen amount, which is available to the engine for combustion, is increased, which in turn leads to an increased output of the internal combustion engine. [0004] Compressors may also be decoupled from exhaust gas turbochargers, for example, in mechanically or electrically driven compressors, or, for example, in combination with an air supply for a fuel cell engine.
[0005] Known compressors comprise a compressor housing in which a compressor wheel is arranged. The fresh air is sucked in by a compressor inlet, accelerated by the compressor wheel, and leaves the compressor via a volute. Each compressor has a compressor-specific compressor characteristic map, wherein the operation of the compressor is limited to the range of the compressor characteristic map between the surge limit and the choke line. Depending on the size and configuration of the compressor, the operation at low volume flows by the compressor may be inefficient or no longer possible as the surge limit is not reached.
[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide an adjusting mechanism for a more efficient compressor in order to be able to use a larger range in the compressor characteristic map. Brief Summary of the Invention
[0007] The present invention relates to an adjusting mechanism for a compressor of a charging device according to Claim 1, a compressor for a charging device according to Claim 12, and a charging device according to Claim 15.
[0008] The adjusting mechanism according to the invention for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet comprises an adjusting ring, a plurality of adjusting elements which are rotatably mounted and coupled to the adjusting ring, and a trimming device which defines an inlet cross section. The adjusting elements are coupled to the trimming device so that a movement of the adjusting elements causes an adjustment of the trimming device. The adjustment of the trimming device causes a change in the inlet cross section. Thus, because the cross section of the inlet (and additionally the cross section of the compressor inlet) is variably changeable, this may be adapted to correspond to the respective operating range of the compressor. Thus, a larger compressor characteristic map as a whole may be used with one single compressor, since the surge limit of the compressor may be displaced further to the left, thus in the direction of a lower volume flow, in the compressor characteristic map. This is achieved in that a reduction of the cross section of the compressor inlet leads to an acceleration of the flow. In addition, a more homogeneous inflow may be generated since a detachment of the flow in the area of the hub of the compressor wheel may be reduced or avoided due to the narrowing of the cross section. As a whole, the adjusting mechanism, which enables a variable configuration of the cross section of the compressor inlet, leads to an increased efficiency of the compressor, which in turn has a positive effect on fuel consumption and/or the torque build-up for a downstream internal combustion engine. [0009] In embodiments, the inlet cross section may have a maximum cross- sectional surface in a first position of the adjusting mechanism and a minimal cross sectional surface in a second position of the adjusting mechanism. In embodiments, the adjusting mechanism may additionally be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
[0010] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, at least three, in particular between four and ten adjusting elements may be provided.
[0011] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, the adjusting elements may be arranged along a circular path. In particular, the circular path may be arranged concentric to the adjusting ring.
[0012] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, the adjusting elements may each have a bearing shaft for rotatable mounting of the adjusting elements in a compressor housing. The adjusting elements may have a longitudinal extension with a first end and a second end, wherein the respective bearing shaft is arranged in the area of the first end of each adjusting element. The adjusting ring may have a plurality of recesses along its radially inner periphery, said recesses correspond to the number of adjusting elements, wherein in each case one of the bearing shafts is arranged in one recess respectively. The adjusting elements may be coupled to the trimming device in the area of the second end.
[0013] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, the adjusting elements may each have a longitudinal groove. The adjusting ring may have a plurality of guide pins, wherein the guide pins are guided into the longitudinal grooves.
[0014] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, the trimming device may have a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration.
[0015] In embodiments, which may be combined with all previously described embodiments, the trimming device may have a plurality of vanes, which are movable relative to one another, for changing the inlet cross section. The plurality of vanes may together describe an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism, and an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism. The vanes may be pivotably mounted on a first end and be coupled in each case to one of the adjusting elements on a second end. The pivotable mounting of the vanes in the area of the first end may be carried out via eyelets, which are arranged in the area of the first ends of the vanes, for example, in combination with a steel strip, or alternatively via a fixed ring structure to which the tabs are hooked which may be designed on the first ends of the vanes. An elastic wall material may be provided between the vanes. Without the elastic wall material, openings would arise between the vanes in the first, open position of the adjusting mechanism, whereas the vanes contact one another or overlap one another in the second, closed position of the adjusting mechanism. The elastic wall material extends during the opening of the vanes and spans these openings. By this means, fluidic advantages arise for the compressor inlet in the first position of the adjusting mechanism. The elastic wall material may be arranged, for example, in slits in the side walls of the vanes in the closed, second position of the adjusting mechanism.
[0016] In an alternative configuration to the vanes, the trimming device may have a wall which comprises an elastic material. A wall contour of the wall may describe an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism, and an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism. A first end of the wall may be fixed at a constant cross section, and a second end of the wall may be coupled to the adjusting elements. At least one part of a collar-shaped section of the wall, which the wall may have in the second position of the adjusting mechanism, may be arranged between the adjusting elements and the adjusting ring. A change in size of the wall may be achieved, for example, wholly due to the elasticity of the elastic material. Alternatively, a change in size of the wall may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism, which retains a part of the elastic material of the wall in the second position of the adjusting mechanism, and releases it upon transition into the first position of the adjusting mechanism. The wall may additionally have reinforcements. In particular, the reinforcements may be arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to the trimming device. Due to the reinforcements, the shape of the trimming device may be defined more precisely and may be better maintained in the respective position of the adjusting mechanism. The influence on the contour of the wall of the trimming device by the fluid flowing through the adjusting mechanism is thereby reduced. The reinforcements may be applied radially outwardly on the wall, may be applied radially inwardly on the wall, or may be manufactured integrally with the wall.
[0017] In configurations, which are combinable with all previously described configurations, the adjusting ring may be moved, in particular, rotated by an actuator.
[0018] The invention additionally comprises a compressor for a charging device with a compressor housing in which a compressor wheel is arranged, and an adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the adjusting mechanism is arranged in the compressor housing in the area of a compressor inlet. The adjusting ring may be rotatably mounted in the compressor housing. In addition, an adjusting actuator may be provided, which is in operative connection with the adjusting ring. The adjusting actuator may be in operative connection with the adjusting ring and may be designed to rotate the adjusting ring relative to the compressor housing in order to change the cross section of the compressor inlet. A controller of the adjusting actuator may be designed to actuate the adjusting actuator and thus the adjusting mechanism, by which means the cross section of the compressor inlet is changed, at least partially based on one or more control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
[0019] The invention additionally comprises a charging device with a compressor according to any one of the preceding configurations. The charging device may be an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally may comprise a turbine. The exhaust gas turbocharger may be an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprise an electric motor. Alternatively, the charging device may comprise an electric motor and the compressor may be purely electrically driven. [0020] Additional details and features of the invention are subsequently described by way of the figures.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows a cross section of one embodiment of a compressor according to the invention with one embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention;
Figure 2 shows a first view of one embodiment of a part of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention;
Figure 3 shows a second view of the embodiment of a part of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention; Figure 4 shows a first view of a first embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention; Figure 5 shows a second view of the first embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention;
Figure 6 shows a first view of a second embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention;
Figure 7 shows a second view of the second embodiment of an adjusting mechanism according to the invention. Detailed Description of the Invention
[0021] In the following, embodiments for the compressor 10 according to the invention and also the adjusting mechanism 400 according to the invention will be described by way of the figures. All details and advantages subsequently described apply both to adjusting mechanism 400 and also to a compressor 10 comprising such an adjusting mechanism 400, and also to a charging device comprising a corresponding compressor 10. The charging device may, for example, be an exhaust gas turbocharger with a turbine, an electrically supported exhaust gas turbocharger with a turbine and electric motor, or a compressor 10 exclusively driven by an electric motor. In the scope of this application, radial surfaces/lateral planes refer to surfaces that are arranged substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation 500 of compressor 10.
[0022] Figure 1 shows an isometric cutaway view of one embodiment of compressor 10 according to the invention. In the following, the components of compressor 10 will be briefly described before the details of adjusting mechanism 400 are explained in greater detail with reference to Figures 2 through 7. Compressor 10 comprises a compressor housing 100 in which a compressor wheel 200 is arranged which rotates about an axis of rotation 500 of the compressor during operation. Compressor 10 additionally comprises a compressor inlet 110, through which air to be compressed is supplied to the compressor. The adjusting mechanism 400 for variable changing of the cross section of compressor inlet 110, in particular for adjusting the cross-sectional surface of compressor inlet 110, is arranged in the area of compressor inlet 110 and upstream of compressor wheel 200 in the flow direction.
[0023] With reference to Figure 2 through Figure 7, adjusting mechanism 400 comprises an adjusting ring 430 and a plurality of adjusting elements 420 which are rotatably mounted and are coupled to adjusting ring 430. The adjusting mechanism additionally contains a trimming device 410 (see Figure 1 and Figure 4 through Figure 7), which defines an inlet cross section, wherein the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 also determines the inlet cross section of compressor inlet 110 in the installed state (see Figure 1). Adjusting elements 420 are coupled to trimming device 410 so that a movement of adjusting elements 420 causes an adjustment of trimming device 410. The adjustment of trimming device 410 thus causes a change of the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 and thus of compressor inlet 110.
[0024] When changing the cross section, the size (area) of the inlet cross section is variably adjusted. This area of the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400 simultaneously defines the area of the cross section of the compressor inlet 110. To be able to change the inlet cross section, adjusting elements 420 are coupled to adjusting ring 430 in such a way that a movement, in particular, a rotation of adjusting ring 430 causes a movement of adjusting elements 420. Thus, because the cross section of compressor inlet 110 is variably changeable, this may be adapted to correspond to the respective operating range of compressor 10. Thus, a larger compressor characteristic map as a whole may be used with one single compressor 10, since the surge limit of compressor 10 may be displaced further to the left, thus in the direction of a lower volume flow, in the compressor characteristic map. By this means, it is achieved that a reduction of the cross section of compressor inlet 110 leads to an acceleration of the flow. In addition, a more homogeneous inflow may be generated since a detachment of the flow in the area of the hub of compressor wheel 200 may be reduced or avoided due to the narrowing of the cross section. As a whole, adjusting mechanism 400, which enables a variable configuration of the cross section of compressor inlet 110, leads to an increased efficiency of compressor 10, which in turn has a positive effect on fuel consumption and/or the torque build-up for a downstream internal combustion engine.
[0025] The adjusting mechanism has a maximum cross-sectional surface in a first position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see (Figure 2, Figure 4, and Figure 6). In a second position, adjusting mechanism 400 has a minimum cross-sectional surface (see Figure 1, Figure 3, Figure 5, and Figure 7). In addition, it may be provided that adjusting mechanism 400 may be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
[0026] As is clear in particular in Figures 2 and 3, the embodiment of adjusting mechanism 400 shown has six adjusting elements. In alternative embodiments of adjusting mechanism 400, at least three, in particular, any number between four and ten adjusting elements 420 may be provided. Adjusting elements 420 are arranged along a circular path concentric to adjusting ring 430. As is likewise clear in Figures 2 and 3, adjusting elements 420 each have a bearing shaft 440. Adjusting elements 420 are rotatably mounted in compressor housing 100 via bearing shafts 440. This means that bearing shafts 440 may, for example, be rotatably mounted in corresponding recesses (for example, boreholes) in a radial side wall of compressor housing 100. Adjusting elements 420 have a longitudinal extension with a first end 422 and a second end 424, wherein respective bearing shaft 440 is arranged in the area of first end 422 of each adjusting element 420. In the example in Figures 2 and 3, adjusting elements 420 are shown, for example, which have a curved form with a concave side 426, arranged radially inward, and a convex side 427, arranged radially outward.
[0027] With reference to Figure 3, adjusting ring 430 has a plurality of recesses 432 along its radially inner periphery. The number of recesses 432 is thereby adapted to the number of adjusting elements 420, so that in each case one of bearing shafts 440 is arranged in a respective recess 432. Recesses 432 function to prevent blocking of the movement of adjusting ring 430 by bearing shafts 440. Simultaneously, recesses 432 may define a maximum free rotational movement of adjusting ring 430. This is realized in that bearing shafts 440 strike a first wall of recesses 432 in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, and strike a second wall of recesses 432, opposite to the first wall, in a second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
[0028] As already mentioned, adjusting elements 420 are coupled to trimming device 410 in the area of second end 424. Adjusting elements 420 may thereby only be in contact with trimming device 410 (as indicated in the figures), thus are loosely coupled to trimming device 410. Alternatively, adjusting elements 420 may be fixedly connected to trimming device 410, for example, via a joint or a type of hinge connection (not depicted in the figures).
[0029] Adjusting elements 420 additionally have a respective longitudinal groove 428. Adjusting ring 430 has a plurality of guide pins 450, wherein the number of guide pins 450 is aligned with the number of adjusting elements 420. Guide pins 450 are arranged on a radially lateral surface of adjusting ring 430 and extend in the axial direction into longitudinal grooves 428 of adjusting elements 420 and are guided in the same (see, for example, Figure 2 and Figure 3). When adjusting ring 430 is actuated and a movement or rotation of adjusting ring 430 occurs, then guide pins 450 arranged on adjusting ring 430 are correspondingly moved. As guide pins 450 are guided in adjusting elements 420, a movement of guide pins 450 causes a displacement of guide pins 450 in respective grooves 428. The geometry and the arrangement of adjusting element 420 and grooves 428 achieves that, during a movement of guide pins 450 in grooves 428, a force is simultaneously applied to adjusting elements 420 which causes a rotation of adjusting elements 420 about bearing shafts 440 (see, for example, Figure 2 in comparison with Figure 3). Due to this rotation and the coupling of adjusting elements 420 to trimming device 410, a change of the inlet cross section, which is defined by trimming device 410, is caused (see, for example, Figure 4 in comparison to Figure 5 and Figure 6 in comparison to Figure 7). [0030] Trimming device 410 has a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration. In the following, two embodiments of adjusting mechanism 400 with different trimming devices 410, with corresponding wall systems, shown in Figures 4 through 7, are described in greater detail.
[0031] Trimming device 410 of the embodiment from Figure 4 and Figure 5 (shown in each case as a half section) has a plurality of vanes 412, which are movable relative to one another in order to change the inlet cross section of adjusting mechanism 400. In the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, the plurality of vanes 412 mutually describes an approximately cylindrical shape (see Figure 4). In the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, the plurality of vanes 412 describes an approximate funnel shape (see Figure 5). To enable this movement, vanes 412 may be pivotably mounted on a first end 412a. Vanes 412 are each coupled to one of adjusting elements 420 on a second end 412b. Trimming device 410 has an approximately constant cross section on first end 412a of vanes 412. In contrast, second ends 412b of the vanes may be moved radially outwardly and radially inwardly by adjusting elements 420, so that the cross section of trimming device 410 in this area may be variably adjusted in order to change the inlet cross section. Vanes 412 may thereby be, for example, biased radially outward (for example by a spring or a spring property of the material of vanes 412) in order to arrive in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400 without the influence of adjusting elements 420. To bring vanes 412 into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, vanes 412 are then pressed radially inward by adjusting elements 420. For a movement of this type, it is sufficient that adjusting elements 420 contact vanes 412; they do not have to be fixedly connected thereto. To be able to carry out the movement as fluidly and uniformly as possible, it may also be provided that rollers are applied at the respective second ends 424 so that adjusting elements 420 roll on trimming device 410 or its vanes 412 from the first position into the second position during the adjustment of adjusting mechanism 400 (and vice verse). Alternatively, vanes 412 may be biased radially inwardly in order to arrive in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 without the influence of adjusting elements 420. To bring vanes 412 into the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, vanes 412 are then drawn radially outward by adjusting elements 420. For this, vanes 412 must be fixedly coupled or at least coupled in a positive-locking way to adjusting elements 420.
[0032] The pivotable mounting (not shown in the figures) of vanes 412 in the area of first end 412a may be carried out via eyelets, which are arranged in the area of first ends 412a of vanes 412, for example, in combination with a steel strip, or alternatively via a fixed ring structure to which the tabs are hooked which may be designed on first ends 412b of vanes 412.
[0033] In one of the embodiments, not shown in the figures, it may additionally be provided that an elastic wall material is arranged between vanes 412. Without the elastic wall material, openings 413 arise between the vanes 412 in the first, open position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 4), whereas the vanes contact one another or overlap one another in the second, closed position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 5). If an elastic wall material is provided, then this extends during the opening of vanes 412 and spans these openings 413. By this means, fluidic advantages arise for compressor inlet 110 in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400. The elastic wall material may be arranged, for example, in slits in the side walls of vanes 412 in the closed, second position of adjusting mechanism 400.
[0034] Figure 6 and 7 show a second embodiment of adjusting mechanism 400 with an alternative configuration of trimming device 410, which has a wall 414 which comprises an elastic material. The elastic material is heat resistant and has a high load capacity so that it withstands the loads in compressor inlet 110. The wall contour of wall 414 may, in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400, again have an approximately cylindrical shape (see Figure 6), and may have an approximate funnel shape in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 (see Figure 7). A first end 414a of wall 414 is again fixed at a constant cross section (for example, fixedly connected to compressor housing 100 or compressor housing cover 120, see Figure 1). A second end 414b of wall 414 is coupled to adjusting elements 420, wherein second ends 424 of adjusting elements 420 may slide (or roll, in case rollers are provided on second ends 424) across the elastic material of wall 414. Second end 414b of wall 414 again describes a variable cross section which may be variably changed via adjusting elements 420. Thus, the elastic material of wall 414 may, for example, be detensioned in the first position of adjusting mechanism 400 and then be tensioned by adjusting elements 420 radially inward into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400. Alternatively, the elastic material of wall 414 may be preformed such that it is detensioned in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400 and is tensioned by adjusting elements 420 radially outward into the second position of adjusting mechanism 400. In the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, at least one part of a collar-like section 415 of wall 414, which wall 414 forms in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, is arranged between adjusting elements 420 and adjusting ring 430 (see Figure 7). A change in size of wall 414 may be achieved, for example, wholly due to the elasticity of the elastic material. Alternatively, a change in size of wall 414 may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism (not shown), which retains a part of the elastic material of wall 414 in the second position of adjusting mechanism 400, and releases it during transition into the first position of adjusting mechanism 400. The material feed mechanism may, for example, be designed according to the principle of a roller blind.
[0035] Wall 414 may additionally have reinforcements (not shown in the figures. The reinforcements may, for example, be arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to trimming device 410. Due to the reinforcements, the shape of trimming device 410 may be defined more precisely and may be better maintained in the respective position of adjusting mechanism 400. The influence of the fluid flowing through adjusting mechanism 400 is thereby reduced on the contour of wall 414 of trimming device 410. The reinforcements may be applied radially outwardly on wall 414, may be applied radially inwardly on wall 414, or may be manufactured integrally with the wall. The reinforcements may thus be subsequently fastened on the outside or inside of wall 414, for example, they may be glued, stitched, pushed/sewn into pockets, or welded. Alternatively, the reinforcements may be incorporated directly into the wall during the production of the wall from the elastic material, for example, in an extrusion method.
[0036] As already mentioned above in conjunction with Figure 1, the invention also comprises a compressor 10 for a charging device comprising a compressor housing 100 in which a compressor wheel 200 is arranged, and a previously described adjusting mechanism 400 which is arranged in compressor housing 100 in the area of compressor inlet 110. Adjusting ring 430 is thereby rotatably mounted in compressor housing 100. In particular, adjusting mechanism 400 may, for example, be arranged and mounted between a radial lateral surface of a compressor housing cover 120 and a radial lateral surface of compressor housing 100 (see Figure 1). In addition, an adjusting actuator (not shown in the figures) may be provided which is in operative connection with adjusting ring 430 and is designed to rotate adjusting ring 430 relative to compressor housing 100 in order to change the cross section of compressor inlet 110. In addition, the compressor or adjusting actuator may comprise a controller, wherein the controller may be designed to actuate the adjusting actuator, and thus adjusting mechanism 400, by which means the cross section of compressor inlet 110 is changed. The actuation may be carried out based at least partially on one or more control variables, selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
[0037] As already mentioned at the outset, the invention additionally comprises a charging device comprising a compressor 10 according to any one of the preceding embodiments. The charging device may be an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally may comprise a turbine. The exhaust gas turbocharger may be an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprise an electric motor. Alternatively, the charging device may not comprise a turbine and may only comprise an electric motor and compressor 10 may be purely electrically driven. Although the present invention has been described and is defined in the attached claims, it should be understood that the invention may also be alternatively defined according to the following embodiments:
1. An adjusting mechanism (400) for a compressor of a charging device for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet comprising an adjusting ring (430);
a plurality of adjusting elements (420) which are rotatably mounted and are coupled to the adjusting ring (430); and
a trimming device (410) which defines an inlet cross section, wherein the adjusting elements (420) are coupled to the trimming device (410) so that a movement of the adjusting elements (420) causes an adjustment of the trimming device (410), wherein the adjustment of the trimming device (410) causes a change in the inlet cross section.
2. The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 1, characterized in that the inlet cross section has a maximum cross-sectional surface in a first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and has a minimal cross sectional surface in a second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
3. The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 2, characterized in that the adjusting mechanism (400) may be brought into at least one intermediate position, in which the cross-sectional surface of the inlet cross section lies between the maximum cross-sectional surface and the minimum cross-sectional surface.
4. The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that at least three, in particular between four and ten adjusting elements (420) are provided.
5. The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) are arranged along a circular path, wherein the circular path is arranged concentric to the adjusting ring (430).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that adjusting elements (420) each have a bearing shaft (440) for rotatable mounting of the adjusting elements (420) in a compressor housing (100).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 6, characterized in that the adjusting element (420) have a longitudinal extension with a first end (422) and a second end (424), wherein the respective bearing shaft (440) is arranged in the area of the first end (422) of each adjusting element (420).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 6 or Embodiment 7, characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) has a plurality of recesses (432) along its radially inner periphery, said recesses correspond to the number of adjusting elements (420), wherein in each case one of the bearing shafts (440) is arranged in one recess (432) respectively.
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 7 or Embodiment 8, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) are coupled to the trimming device (410) in the area of the second end (424).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) each have a longitudinal groove (428), and in that the adjusting ring (430) has a plurality of guide pins (450), wherein the guide pins (450) are guided in the longitudinal grooves (428).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a wall system which is changeable between a cylindrical configuration and a funnel-shaped configuration.
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a plurality of vanes (412) which are movable relative to one another for changing the inlet cross section, wherein the plurality of vanes (412) mutually describes an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and describes an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 12, characterized in that the vanes (412) are pivotably mounted on a first end (412a) and are coupled to one of the adjusting elements (420) respectively at a second end (412b).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 12 or Embodiment 13, characterized in that an elastic wall material is provided between the vanes (412).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 1 through 11, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a wall (414) which comprises an elastic material, wherein a wall contour of the wall (414) has an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and has an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 15, characterized in that a first end (414a) of the wall (414) is fixed at a constant cross section, and a second end (414b) of the wall (414) is coupled to the adjusting elements (420). The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 15 or Embodiment 16, characterized in that at least one part of a collar-shaped section (415) of the wall (414), which the wall (414) has in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), is arranged between the adjusting elements (420) and the adjusting ring (430).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 15 through 17, characterized in that a change of size of the wall (414) is achieved completely due to the elasticity of the elastic material.
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 15 through 17, characterized in that a change in size of the wall (414) may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism, which retains a part of the elastic material of the wall (414) in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), and releases it during transition into the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Embodiments 15 through 18, characterized in that the wall (414) additionally has reinforcements, in particular wherein the reinforcements are arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to the trimming device (410).
The adjusting mechanism according to Embodiment 20, characterized in that the reinforcements are applied radially outwardly on the wall (414), are applied radially inwardly on the wall (414), or are manufactured integrally with the wall.
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding embodiments, characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) may be moved, in particular, may be rotated by an actuator.
A compressor (10) for a charging device compri a compressor housing (100) in which a compressor wheel (200) is arranged; and
an adjusting mechanism (400) according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein the adjusting mechanism (400) is arranged in the compressor housing (100) in the area of a compressor inlet (110).
The compressor according to Embodiment 23, characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) is rotatably mounted in the compressor housing (100).
The compressor according to Embodiment 23 or Embodiment 24, characterized in that an adjusting actuator is additionally provided which is in operative connection with the adjusting mechanism (400).
The compressor according to Embodiment 25, characterized in that the adjusting actuator is in operative connection with the adjusting ring (430) and is designed to rotate the adjusting ring (430) relative to the compressor housing (100) in order to change the cross section of the compressor inlet (110).
The compressor according to Embodiment 25 or Embodiment 26, characterized in that a controller of the adjusting actuator is designed to actuate the adjusting actuator and thus the adjusting mechanism (400), by which means the cross section of the compressor inlet (110) is changed, at least partially based on one or more control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
A charging device with a compressor according to any one of Embodiments 23 through 27. The charging device according to Embodiment 28, characterized in that the charging device is an exhaust gas turbocharger and additionally comprises a turbine, and optionally wherein the exhaust gas turbocharger is an electrically-supported exhaust gas turbocharger and comprises an electric motor.
A charging device according to Embodiment 28, characterized in that the charging device comprises an electric motor, and the compressor (10) is electrically driven.

Claims

Claims
An adjusting mechanism (400) for a compressor of a charging device for the variable changing of the cross section of a compressor inlet comprising an adjusting ring (430);
a plurality of adjusting elements (420) which are rotatably mounted and are coupled to the adjusting ring (430); and
a trimming device (410) which defines an inlet cross section, wherein the adjusting elements (420) are coupled to the trimming device (410) so that a movement of the adjusting elements (420) causes an adjustment of the trimming device (410), wherein the adjustment of the trimming device (410) causes a change in the inlet cross section.
The adjusting mechanism according to Claim 1, characterized in that adjusting elements (420) each have a bearing shaft (440) for rotatable mounting of the adjusting elements (420) in a compressor housing (100).
The adjusting mechanism according to Claim 2, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) have a longitudinal extension with a first end (422) and a second end (424), wherein the respective bearing shaft (440) is arranged in the area of the first end (422) of each adjusting element (420).
The adjusting mechanism according to Claim 2 or Claim 3, characterized in that the adjusting ring (430) has a plurality of recesses (432) along its radially inner periphery, said recesses correspond to the number of adjusting elements (420), wherein in each case one of the bearing shafts (440) is arranged in one recess (432) respectively.
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adjusting elements (420) each have a longitudinal groove (428), and in that the adjusting ring (430) has a plurality of guide pins (450), wherein the guide pins (450) are guided in the longitudinal grooves (428).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a plurality of vanes (412) which are movable relative to one another for changing the inlet cross section, wherein the plurality of vanes (412) mutually describes an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and describes an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to Claim 6, characterized in that the vanes (412) are pivotably mounted on a first end (412a) and are coupled to one of the adjusting elements (420) respectively at a second end (412b).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 through 5, characterized in that the trimming device (410) has a wall (414) which comprises an elastic material, wherein the wall contour of the wall (414) has an approximately cylindrical shape in the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400) and has an approximate funnel shape in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to Claim 8, characterized in that at least one part of a collar-shaped section (415) of the wall (414), which the wall (414) has in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), is arranged between the adjusting elements (420) and the adjusting ring (430).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Claims 8 through 9, characterized in that a change of size of the wall (414) is completely achieved due to the elasticity of the elastic material; or
in that a change in size of the wall (414) may be carried out at least partially via a material feed mechanism, which retains a part of the elastic material of the wall (414) in the second position of the adjusting mechanism (400), and releases it during transition into the first position of the adjusting mechanism (400).
The adjusting mechanism according to any one of Claims 8 through 10, characterized in that the wall (414) additionally has reinforcements, in particular wherein the reinforcements are arranged approximately in the axial direction with respect to the trimming device (410).
A compressor (10) for a charging device comprising
a compressor housing (100) in which a compressor wheel (200) is arranged; and
an adjusting mechanism (400) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjusting mechanism (400) is arranged in the compressor housing (100) in the area of a compressor inlet (110).
The compressor according to Claim 12, characterized in that an adjusting actuator is additionally provided which is in operative connection with the adjusting mechanism (400); in particular in that the adjusting actuator is in operative connection with the adjusting ring (430) and is designed to rotate the adjusting ring (430) relative to the compressor housing (100) in order to change the cross section of the compressor inlet (110).
The compressor according to Claim 13, characterized in that a controller of the adjusting actuator is designed to actuate the adjusting actuator and thus the adjusting mechanism (400), by which means the cross section of the compressor inlet (110) is changed, at least partially based on one or more control variables selected from a speed of a downstream engine, a torque of a downstream engine, a speed of the compressor, a volume flow through the compressor, a pressure ratio in the compressor, the position of a wastegate for an exhaust gas turbine, the position of variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbine, and/or a mass flow through an exhaust gas return.
15. A charging device with a compressor according to any one of Claims 12 through 14.
PCT/US2018/029265 2017-04-26 2018-04-25 Compressor with variable compressor inlet WO2018200611A1 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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DE102017206998.8 2017-04-26

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EP3647601A1 (en) * 2018-11-05 2020-05-06 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Adjustment mechanism for an inlet flow section of a compressor wheel of a turbocharger

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