WO2018196148A1 - 基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台 - Google Patents

基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台 Download PDF

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WO2018196148A1
WO2018196148A1 PCT/CN2017/089951 CN2017089951W WO2018196148A1 WO 2018196148 A1 WO2018196148 A1 WO 2018196148A1 CN 2017089951 W CN2017089951 W CN 2017089951W WO 2018196148 A1 WO2018196148 A1 WO 2018196148A1
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ultrasonic
pressure
reflectance
loading
signal
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙清超
袁博
孙伟
黄伟强
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Dalian University of Technology
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Dalian University of Technology
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Priority claimed from CN201720465160.2U external-priority patent/CN206696091U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710294916.6A external-priority patent/CN106932277B/zh
Application filed by Dalian University of Technology filed Critical Dalian University of Technology
Priority to US16/172,342 priority Critical patent/US11204291B2/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
    • G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/28—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details providing acoustic coupling, e.g. water
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4472—Mathematical theories or simulation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • G01N3/12—Pressure testing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
    • G01N3/42—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness by performing impressions under a steady load by indentors, e.g. sphere, pyramid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic detection, in particular to a method for establishing an interface ultrasonic reflectivity-pressure relationship curve based on a rounded plane contact theory and a loading test bench.
  • the performance of the interface has an important impact on the dynamic characteristics of the mechanical equipment, vibration resistance, and agility of motion response.
  • high-end assembly is also increasingly dominated by quality. It is especially important to implement the detection of the contact interface.
  • Most of the joint pressure distribution detecting methods disclosed in the related patents use a pressure sensitive film as a means for measuring the contact pressure distribution in the contact interface.
  • the pressure sensitive film itself has changed the interface conditions, and finally it is difficult to analyze the measurement results.
  • the method of ultrasonically detecting the contact interface is non-destructive testing, and the detection task can be completed without changing the state of the interface contact. Therefore, the method of ultrasonically detecting the contact interface state will be the focus of the high-end assembly field.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies detected by the pressure sensitive film and to overcome the error caused by the average pressure mode.
  • the present invention provides a method for establishing the interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on the fillet plane contact theory and the loading test. Taiwan, the invention adopts the theory of rounded plane contact, which can be more refined The relationship between the ultrasonic reflectivity and the pressure is well understood, and the error caused by measurement, movement, etc. is reduced by using the same point multiple acquisition and averaging.
  • a method for establishing an interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on a rounded plane contact theory has the following steps:
  • the loading surface is a rounded plane
  • R is an average value of the ultrasonic reflectance of the scanning area corresponding to r
  • the scanning path is a radial path, and includes a plurality of sub-paths, which start from a central position of the loading surface, reach a boundary of the loading surface along a straight line, and return to the loading surface along a straight line from the boundary of the loading surface.
  • the center position ends;
  • step S3 The distribution of the ultrasonic reflectivity is concentric, and the center position of the loading surface is recalibrated to obtain the center position coordinate O 2 of the loading surface. If O 1 and O 2 coincide, step S4 is performed, if O 1 And O 2 does not coincide, then step S2;
  • the calculated total load W′ i is divided by the actual load W i measured by the pressure sensor, and a plurality of correction coefficients K i corresponding to different pressures are obtained, and the average value is obtained to obtain an average correction coefficient K.
  • the ultrasonic transceiver In the working state, the ultrasonic transceiver generates an excitation, and the excitation is transmitted to the water immersion ultrasonic transducer. After the ultrasonic immersion ultrasonic transducer generates the ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic immersion ultrasonic wave is exchanged under no load and different pressures respectively.
  • the device scans the loading surface at the same scanning path and receives an ultrasonic return signal, and the water immersion ultrasonic transducer converts the ultrasonic return signal into a voltage signal, which is sent to the ultrasonic transceiver, the ultrasonic transceiver The voltage signal is passed to the oscilloscope, which displays and passes the voltage signal to the control terminal.
  • the zero point signal is obtained by:
  • the ultrasonic ray ultrasonic transducer is used to scan the loading surface under the scanning path, and the obtained ultrasonic return signal is used as a zero point signal.
  • the feature signal is obtained by:
  • the ultrasonic ray ultrasonic transducer is used to scan the loading surface under the scanning path, and the obtained ultrasonic return signal is used as a characteristic signal, and the different pressures include a plurality of gradually increasing pressures, and the difference between adjacent pressures. The absolute values of the values are equal.
  • step S2 calculating the reflectance of the ultrasonic wave by using the ratio of the characteristic signal to the zero point signal means:
  • R i is the reflectivity of the ultrasonic wave, h i is the amplitude of the characteristic signal, and H i is the amplitude of the signal of the zero point;
  • V i is the Poisson's ratio of the material
  • E i is the Young's modulus of the material
  • a is the average boundary feature value
  • Rc is the fillet radius of the fillet plane of the rounded plane
  • b is the radius of the plane of the rounded plane
  • s is a property variable.
  • a loading test bench for establishing an interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on rounded plane contact theory including pressure display, control end, oscilloscope, water immersion ultrasonic transducer, large cylinder, small cylinder, upper panel , moving plate, pressure sensor, lower panel, ultrasonic transceiver and small cylindrical connecting plate;
  • the large cylinder, the small cylinder and the axis of the loading test rig are on the same straight line;
  • Two vertical guide columns are disposed between the upper panel and the lower panel, and the moving plate is located between the upper panel and the lower panel and is slidably connected to the two vertical guide columns.
  • the lower surface of the moving plate is provided with the pressure sensor
  • the small cylindrical connecting plate is located between the moving plate and the upper panel
  • the lower surface of the small cylindrical connecting plate is provided with a pressing head
  • the upper surface of the small cylindrical connecting plate is provided with the small cylinder
  • the upper surface of the moving plate is provided with a connecting groove connecting the pressing head
  • the lower surface of the upper plate is provided with a large cylindrical connecting plate.
  • a lower surface of the large cylindrical connecting plate is provided with a threaded hole connecting the large cylinder, and the upper plate is provided with a water tank for inserting the water immersion ultrasonic transducer, and the water tank passes through the large cylinder
  • the body connecting plate is in communication with the threaded hole
  • the pressure display is electrically connected to the pressure sensor, the control end is electrically connected to the oscilloscope, the oscilloscope is electrically connected to the ultrasonic transceiver, and the ultrasonic transceiver is electrically connected to the water immersion ultrasonic transducer connection;
  • the ultrasonic transceiver In an operating state, the ultrasonic transceiver generates an excitation to transmit the excitation to the water immersion ultrasonic transducer located in the water tank, and the water immersion ultrasonic transducer generates an ultrasonic signal and scans the An upper surface of the small cylinder and receiving an ultrasonic return signal, the water immersion ultrasonic transducer converting the ultrasonic return signal into a voltage signal, which is sent to the ultrasonic transceiver, the ultrasonic transceiver transmitting a voltage signal to the An oscilloscope that displays and transmits a voltage signal to the control terminal.
  • the model of the oscilloscope is TDS3012C
  • the model of the immersion ultrasonic transducer is OLYMPUS V312-0.25-10MHz-PTF
  • the model of the ultrasonic transceiver is PR5700.
  • the upper surface of the small cylinder has a rounded surface connected to the side of the small cylinder, and the rounded surface has a fillet radius of 1.5 mm.
  • a sealing ring is disposed between the threaded hole and the large cylinder.
  • the oscilloscope and the control terminal are connected by a GPIB line.
  • the method for establishing the interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on the rounded plane contact theory of the present invention and the loading test bed can construct a more accurate ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve compared with the existing scheme, and the detection precision is high. .
  • the present invention can be widely spread in the fields of ultrasonic detection and the like.
  • 1 is a loading test stand for establishing an interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on a fillet plane contact theory in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a large cylinder in contact with a small cylinder in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a radial path in a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a graph of reflectance-pressure relationship in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • an interface ultrasonic reflectivity-pressure close based on the theory of rounded plane contact The method for establishing a curve is based on a loading test bench based on a method for establishing an interface ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve based on a rounded plane contact theory, the load test bed including a pressure display 1, a control terminal 2, and an oscilloscope 3, water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4, large cylinder 5, small cylinder 6, upper panel 7, moving plate 8, pressure sensor 9, lower panel 10, ultrasonic transceiver 11 and small cylindrical connecting plate 12;
  • the large cylinder 5, the small cylinder 6 and the axis of the loading test rig are on the same straight line;
  • Two vertical guide columns 13 are disposed between the upper panel 7 and the lower panel 10, and the moving plate 8 is located between the upper panel 7 and the lower panel 10 and with the two verticals
  • the guide post 13 is slidably connected, and the lower surface of the moving plate 8 is provided with the pressure sensor 9, and the small cylindrical connecting plate 12 is located between the moving plate 8 and the upper panel 7, the small cylinder
  • the lower surface of the connecting plate 12 is provided with a pressing head 14, and the upper surface of the small cylindrical connecting plate 12 is provided with the small cylindrical body 6, and the upper surface of the moving plate 8 is provided with a connection connecting the pressing head 14.
  • the lower surface of the upper panel 7 is provided with a large cylindrical connecting plate 15, and a lower surface of the large cylindrical connecting plate 15 is provided with a threaded hole connecting the large cylindrical body 6, and the upper panel 7 is provided There is a water tank 16 for inserting the water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4, and the water tank 16 communicates with the screw hole through the large cylindrical connecting plate 15;
  • the pressure sensor 9 can be pushed by a hydraulic cylinder, thereby pushing the moving plate 8 to move, pressing the small cylinder 6 against the large cylinder 5.
  • the pressure display 1 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 9, the control terminal 2 is electrically connected to the oscilloscope 3, the oscilloscope 3 is electrically connected to the ultrasonic transceiver 11, the ultrasonic transceiver 11 and the The water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 is electrically connected;
  • the model of the oscilloscope 3 is TDS3012C
  • the model of the immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 is OLYMPUS V312-0.25-10MHz-PTF
  • the model of the ultrasonic transceiver 11 is PR5700.
  • the upper surface of the small cylinder 6 has a rounded surface 17 connected to the side of the small cylinder 6 and a plane 18 having a fillet radius of 1.5 mm, the diameter of the plane 18 being 10mm.
  • a seal ring is disposed between the threaded hole and the large cylinder 5 for preventing water from flowing between the threaded hole and the large cylinder 5.
  • the oscilloscope 3 and the control terminal 2 are connected by a GPIB line.
  • the method has the following steps:
  • the loading surface (the upper surface of the small cylinder 6, the same below) is placed at the center of the loading system, and the position of the loading system is determined by using a laser probe, and the center position coordinate of the loading system is determined, and the loading is performed.
  • the loading surface is a rounded plane, and the upper surface of the small cylinder 6 is a rounded plane;
  • R is an average value of the ultrasonic reflectance of the scanning area corresponding to r
  • the scan path is a radial path, including eight sub-paths, as shown by the turn-back arrow in FIG. 3, the sub-path refers to the boundary from the center of the loading surface, the line to the loading surface, and then loaded The boundary of the face ends along a straight line back to the center of the loading face;
  • step S3 The distribution of the ultrasonic reflectivity is concentric, and the center position of the loading surface is recalibrated to obtain the center position coordinate O 2 of the loading surface. If O 1 and O 2 coincide, step S4 is performed, if O 1 And O 2 does not coincide, then step S2;
  • the calculated total load W′ i is divided by the actual load W i measured by the pressure sensor 9 to obtain a plurality of correction coefficients K i corresponding to different pressures, and the average value is obtained to obtain an average correction coefficient K.
  • the zero point signal is obtained by:
  • the ultrasonic ray ultrasonic transducer 4 is used to scan the loading surface under the scanning path, and the obtained ultrasonic return signal is used as a zero point signal.
  • the feature signal is obtained by:
  • the ultrasonic ray ultrasonic transducer 4 is used to scan the loading surface under the scanning path, and the obtained ultrasonic return signal is used as a characteristic signal, and the different pressures include a plurality of gradually increasing pressures, adjacent pressures. The absolute values of the differences are all equal.
  • the different pressures are 200 MP, 400 MP, and 600 MP.
  • step S2 calculating the reflectance of the ultrasonic wave by using the ratio of the characteristic signal to the zero point signal means:
  • R i is the reflectance of the ultrasonic wave
  • h i is the amplitude of the characteristic signal
  • H i is the amplitude of the signal of the zero point.
  • the distribution curve of the pressure at the corresponding pressure is calculated.
  • the distribution curve of the ultrasonic reflectivity is compared with the distribution curve of the pressure. Fitting, obtaining an initial ultrasonic reflectance-pressure relationship curve;
  • V i is the Poisson's ratio of the material
  • E i is the Young's modulus of the material
  • a is the average boundary characteristic value
  • Rc is the fillet radius of the rounded surface of the rounded plane, that is, the rounded corner of the rounded surface 17 Radius
  • b is the radius of the plane of the fillet plane, ie the diameter of the plane 18, and s is the characteristic variable.
  • the ultrasonic transceiver 11 In the working state, the ultrasonic transceiver 11 generates an excitation to transmit the excitation to the water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 located in the water tank 16, and the water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 generates an ultrasonic signal, respectively
  • the upper surface of the small cylinder 6 is scanned by the water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 under the same scanning path without load and under different pressure, and receives an ultrasonic return signal, and the water immersion ultrasonic transducer 4 returns the ultrasonic wave return signal. It is converted into a voltage signal which is sent to the ultrasonic transceiver 11 , which transmits a voltage signal to the oscilloscope 3 , which displays and transmits a voltage signal to the control terminal 2 .

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Abstract

一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台，所述加载试验台，包括压力显示器（1），控制端（2），示波器（3），水浸超声波换能器（4），大圆柱体（5），小圆柱体（6），上面板（7），移动板（8），压力传感器（9），下面板（10），超声波收发器（11）和小圆柱体连接板（12）。该基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台，能够构建更加准确的超声波反射率-压强的关系曲线，检测精度高。

Description

基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台 技术领域
本发明涉及超声波检测技术领域，具体说是一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台。
背景技术
界面的性能对机械设备的动态特性、抗振性、运动响应敏捷性等性能有重要影响。随着“中国制造2025”的政策实施，高端装配等也日益以质量为主导。实现对接触界面的检测就变得尤为重要。相关专利公开的结合面压力分布检测方法，大部分是在接触界面内采用压敏膜作为测量接触压强分布的手段，但是，压敏膜本身已经改变了界面条件，最终导致难以分析测量的结果。而超声波检测接触界面的方式是属于无损检测，无需改变界面接触的状态，即可完成检测任务，所以超声波检测接触界面状态这种方式将会是高端装配领域的重点。
而超声波检测方面，现有的曲线构建方法，大部分采用一个区域的平均压强来表征超声波反射率的特征值，在一定程度上对曲线的构建产生了误差，使得最后的测试结果不够精确。而利用圆角平面接触理论，则能利用较为精确的压强分布情况与超声波的反射率相对应，同时利用迭代的方式，进一步消除误差，通过多次消差方式，使得最后获取的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线更加精确，对测量界面的压强分布具有很强的指导意义。
而对于加载试验台，现有的加载试件大部分采用整体式，存在体积大，材料浪费等问题，尤其对于检测材料为钛合金之类的试件，成本较高；同时对于加载中由直线移动误差而导致的偏载没有进行有效的处理，对检测的结果造成一定量的误差。而利用本发明的加载试件设置为组装式，只需要一个
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000001
的试件就可实现检测效果；同时压头的设计，采用自平衡的方式，可以有效地减少偏载带来的误差影响。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服利用压敏膜检测的不足，以及克服平均压强方式带来的误差，本发明提供了一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台，本发明采用圆角平面接触理论，能够较为精 确的了解超声波反射率与压强的对应关系，并且运用同点多次采集取平均的方式减小测量、移动等带来的误差。
本发明采用的技术手段如下：
一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，具有如下步骤：
S1、将加载面放在加载系统的中心位置，利用激光探头完成对加载系统位置的确定，以及确定出加载系统的中心位置坐标，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O1；
所述加载面为圆角平面；
S2、分别在无加载和不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器在同一扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到零点信号与特征信号，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率，然后得到超声波的反射率的分布曲线，如式(1)所示：
R＝f1(r)         (1)
其中，r为扫描区域与O1之间的距离；
R为r所对应的扫描区域的超声波反射率的平均值；
所述扫描路径为放射型路径，包括多条子路径，所述子路径指的是从加载面的中心位置开始，沿直线到达加载面的边界，再从加载面的边界沿直线回到加载面的中心位置结束；
S3、利用超声波反射率的分布呈同心圆的特点，对加载面的中心位置进行重新校正，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O2，若O1和O2重合，则执行步骤S4，若O1和O2不重合，则执行步骤S2；
S4、根据超声波反射率的分布情况，确定超声波反射率的分布边界的边界特征值ai，计算出平均边界特征值a，其中，ai为超声波反射率的分布边界到O2之间的距离；
S5、根据圆角平面接触理论，确定出每一扫面区域的压强值，然后得扫描区域与O2之间的距离r与压强P的对应关系，如式(2)所示：
P＝f2(r)         (2)
S6、根据式(1)和式(2)，推导R与P的对应关系，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线，如式(3)所示：
P＝f3(R)         (3)
S7、利用式(3)的初始超声反射率-压强关系曲线，计算在不同压力下的压强值P′i，利用积分的方式，计算出计算总载荷W′i，
W′i＝∫P′idxdy        (4)
利用计算总载荷W′i与压力传感器测量得到的实际载荷Wi相除，得到对应不同压力的多个修正系数Ki，取其平均值，得到平均修正系数K，
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000002
S8、利用平均修正系数K对初始的反射率-压强关系曲线进行修正，得到最终的反射率-压强关系曲线：
Pi＝Ki×P′i          (6)。
工作状态下，超声波收发器产生激励，将激励传递给所述水浸超声波换能器，所述水浸超声波换能器产生超声波信号后，分别在无加载和不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器在同一扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，并接受超声波返回信号，所述水浸超声波换能器将超声波返回信号转化为电压信号，发送给所述超声波收发器，所述超声波收发器将电压信号传递给示波器，所述示波器将电压信号显示并传递给控制端。
所述步骤S2中，零点信号通过以下方式得到：
在无加载的情况下，利用水浸超声波换能器在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为零点信号。
所述步骤S2中，特征信号通过以下方式得到：
在不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为特征信号，所述不同压力包括多个逐渐增大的压力，相邻压力的差值的绝对值均相等。
所述步骤S2中，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率指的是：
对零点信号和特征信号进行快速傅里叶变换，同时利用式(7)计算出相应的超声波反射率，获得扫描路径下的反射率分布情况，
其中，式(7)为：
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000003
Ri为超声波的反射率，hi为特征信号的幅值，Hi为零点信号的幅值；
由于所述子路径的特点，加载面的同一位置会扫描两次，取超声波反射率的平均值建立反射率的分布曲线R＝f1(r)。
所述步骤S6中，R与P的对应关系通过以下方法推导：
利用圆角平面接触理论，利用式(8)以及步骤S4中得到的a，计算出对应压力下，压强的分布曲线，利用超声波反射率的分布曲线与压强的分布曲线相拟合，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线；
其中式(8)为：
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000004
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000005
Vi为材料的泊松比，Ei为材料的杨氏模量，a为平均边界特征值，Rc为圆角平面的圆角面的圆角半径，b为圆角平面的平面的半径，s为特性变量。
一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法的加载试验台，包括压力显示器，控制端，示波器，水浸超声波换能器，大圆柱体，小圆柱体，上面板，移动板，压力传感器，下面板，超声波收发器和小圆柱体连接板；
所述大圆柱体，所述小圆柱体和所述加载试验台的轴线位于同一直线上；
所述上面板与所述下面板之间设有两个竖直导柱，所述移动板位于所述上面板与所述下面板之间且与两个所述竖直导柱滑动连接，所述移动板的下表面设有所述压力传感器，所述小圆柱体连接板位于所述移动板与所述上面板之间，所述小圆柱体连接板的下表面设有压头，所述小圆柱体连接板的上表面设有所述小圆柱体，所述移动板的上表面设有连接所述压头的连接槽，所述上面板的下表面设有大圆柱体连接板，所述大圆柱体连接板的下表面设有连接所述大圆柱体的螺纹孔，所述上面板上设有用于所述水浸超声波换能器插入的水槽，所述水槽穿过所述大圆柱体连接板与所述螺纹孔连通；
所述压力显示器与所述压力传感器电连接，所述控制端与所述示波器电连接，所述示波器与所述超声波收发器电连接，所述超声波收发器与所述水浸超声波换能器电连接；
工作状态下，所述超声波收发器产生激励，将激励传递给位于所述水槽内的所述水浸超声波换能器，所述水浸超声波换能器产生超声波信号后扫描所述 小圆柱体的上表面，并接受超声波返回信号，所述水浸超声波换能器将超声波返回信号转化为电压信号，发送给所述超声波收发器，所述超声波收发器将电压信号传递给所述示波器，所述示波器将电压信号显示并传递给所述控制端。
所述示波器的型号为TDS3012C，所述水浸超声波换能器的型号为OLYMPUS V312-0.25-10MHz-PTF，所述超声波收发器的型号为PR5700。
所述小圆柱体的上表面具有与所述小圆柱体的侧面连接的圆角面，所述圆角面的圆角半径为1.5mm。
所述螺纹孔与所述大圆柱体之间设有密封圈。
所述示波器与所述控制端通过GPIB线连接。
本发明的基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法及加载试验台，与现有的方案相比，能够构建更加准确的超声波反射率-压强的关系曲线，检测精度高。
基于上述理由本发明可在超声波检测等领域广泛推广。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图做以简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的具体实施方式中基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法的加载试验台。
图2是本发明的具体实施方式中大圆柱体与小圆柱体接触加载时的示意图。
图3是本发明的具体实施方式中放射型路径的示意图。
图4是本发明的具体实施方式中压强的分布曲线。
图5是本发明的具体实施方式中反射率-压强关系曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-图5所示，一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关 系曲线建立方法，该方法是基于一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法的加载试验台实现的，所述加载试验台包括压力显示器1，控制端2，示波器3，水浸超声波换能器4，大圆柱体5，小圆柱体6，上面板7，移动板8，压力传感器9，下面板10，超声波收发器11和小圆柱体连接板12；
所述大圆柱体5，所述小圆柱体6和所述加载试验台的轴线位于同一直线上；
所述上面板7与所述下面板10之间设有两个竖直导柱13，所述移动板8位于所述上面板7与所述下面板10之间且与两个所述竖直导柱13滑动连接，所述移动板8的下表面设有所述压力传感器9，所述小圆柱体连接板12位于所述移动板8与所述上面板7之间，所述小圆柱体连接板12的下表面设有压头14，所述小圆柱体连接板12的上表面设有所述小圆柱体6，所述移动板8的上表面设有连接所述压头14的连接槽，所述上面板7的下表面设有大圆柱体连接板15，所述大圆柱体连接板15的下表面设有连接所述大圆柱体6的螺纹孔，所述上面板7上设有用于所述水浸超声波换能器4插入的水槽16，所述水槽16穿过所述大圆柱体连接板15与所述螺纹孔连通；
可通过液压缸推动所述压力传感器9，进而推动所述移动板8移动，将所述小圆柱体6压在所述大圆柱体5上。
所述压力显示器1与所述压力传感器9电连接，所述控制端2与所述示波器3电连接，所述示波器3与所述超声波收发器11电连接，所述超声波收发器11与所述水浸超声波换能器4电连接；
所述示波器3的型号为TDS3012C，所述水浸超声波换能器4的型号为OLYMPUS V312-0.25-10MHz-PTF，所述超声波收发器11的型号为PR5700。
所述小圆柱体6的上表面具有与所述小圆柱体6的侧面连接的圆角面17以及平面18，所述圆角面17的圆角半径为1.5mm，所述平面18的直径为10mm。
所述螺纹孔与所述大圆柱体5之间设有密封圈，用于防止水从所述螺纹孔与所述大圆柱体5之间流出。
所述示波器3与所述控制端2通过GPIB线连接。
所述方法具有如下步骤：
S1、将加载面(所述小圆柱体6的上表面，以下同)放在加载系统的中心位置，利用激光探头完成对加载系统位置的确定，以及确定出加载系统的中心位置坐标，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O1；
所述加载面为圆角平面，所述小圆柱体6的上表面即为圆角平面；
S2、分别在无加载和不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器4在同一扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到零点信号与特征信号，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率，然后得到超声波的反射率的分布曲线，如式(1)所示：
R＝f1(r)        (1)
其中，r为扫描区域与O1之间的距离；
R为r所对应的扫描区域的超声波反射率的平均值；
所述扫描路径为放射型路径，包括八条子路径，如图3中的折返箭头所示，所述子路径指的是从加载面的中心位置开始，沿直线到达加载面的边界，再从加载面的边界沿直线回到加载面的中心位置结束；
S3、利用超声波反射率的分布呈同心圆的特点，对加载面的中心位置进行重新校正，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O2，若O1和O2重合，则执行步骤S4，若O1和O2不重合，则执行步骤S2；
S4、根据超声波反射率的分布情况，确定超声波反射率的分布边界的边界特征值ai，计算出平均边界特征值a，其中，ai为超声波反射率的分布边界到O2之间的距离；
S5、根据圆角平面接触理论，确定出每一扫面区域的压强值，然后得扫描区域与O2之间的距离r与压强P的对应关系，如式(2)所示：
P＝f2(r)         (2)
S6、根据式(1)和式(2)，推导R与P的对应关系，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线，如式(3)所示：
P＝f3(R)         (3)
S7、利用式(3)的初始超声反射率-压强关系曲线，计算在不同压力下的压强值P′i，利用积分的方式，计算出计算总载荷W′i，
W′i＝∫P′idxdy         (4)
利用计算总载荷W′i与压力传感器9测量得到的实际载荷Wi相除，得到对应不同压力的多个修正系数Ki，取其平均值，得到平均修正系数K，
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000006
S8、利用平均修正系数K对初始的反射率-压强关系曲线进行修正，得到最 终的反射率-压强关系曲线(如图5所示)：
Pi＝Ki×P′i            (6)。
所述步骤S2中，零点信号通过以下方式得到：
在无加载的情况下，利用水浸超声波换能器4在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为零点信号。
所述步骤S2中，特征信号通过以下方式得到：
在不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器4在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为特征信号，所述不同压力包括多个逐渐增大的压力，相邻压力的差值的绝对值均相等，本实施例，所述不同压力为200MP、400MP和600MP。
所述步骤S2中，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率指的是：
对零点信号和特征信号进行快速傅里叶变换，同时利用式(7)计算出相应的超声波反射率，获得扫描路径下的反射率分布情况，
其中，式(7)为：
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000007
Ri为超声波的反射率，hi为特征信号的幅值，Hi为零点信号的幅值。
由于所述子路径的特点，加载面的同一位置会扫描两次，取超声波反射率的平均值建立反射率的分布曲线R＝f1(r)。
所述步骤S6中，R与P的对应关系通过以下方法推导：
利用圆角平面接触理论，利用式(8)以及步骤S4中得到的a，计算出对应压力下，压强的分布曲线，如图4所示，利用超声波反射率的分布曲线与压强的分布曲线相拟合，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线；
其中式(8)为：
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000008
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-000009
Vi为材料的泊松比，Ei为材料的杨氏模量，a为平均边界特征值，Rc为圆角平面的圆角面的圆角半径，即所述圆角面17的圆角半径；b为圆角平面的平面的半径，即所述平面18的直径，s为特性变量。
工作状态下，所述超声波收发器11产生激励，将激励传递给位于所述水槽16内的所述水浸超声波换能器4，所述水浸超声波换能器4产生超声波信号后，分别在无加载和不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器4在同一扫描路径下扫描所述小圆柱体6的上表面，并接受超声波返回信号，所述水浸超声波换能器4将超声波返回信号转化为电压信号，发送给所述超声波收发器11，所述超声波收发器11将电压信号传递给所述示波器3，所述示波器3将电压信号显示并传递给所述控制端2。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，其特征在于具有如下步骤：
    S1、将加载面放在加载系统的中心位置，利用激光探头完成对加载系统位置的确定，以及确定出加载系统的中心位置坐标，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O1；
    所述加载面为圆角平面；
    S2、分别在无加载和不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器在同一扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到零点信号与特征信号，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率，然后得到超声波的反射率的分布曲线，如式(1)所示：
    R＝f1(r)              (1)
    其中，r为扫描区域与O1之间的距离；
    R为r所对应的扫描区域的超声波反射率的平均值；
    所述扫描路径为放射型路径，包括多条子路径，所述子路径指的是从加载面的中心位置开始，沿直线到达加载面的边界，再从加载面的边界沿直线回到加载面的中心位置结束；
    S3、利用超声波反射率的分布呈同心圆的特点，对加载面的中心位置进行重新校正，得到加载面的中心位置坐标O2，若O1和O2重合，则执行步骤S4，若O1和O2不重合，则执行步骤S2；
    S4、根据超声波反射率的分布情况，确定超声波反射率的分布边界的边界特征值ai，计算出平均边界特征值a，其中，ai为超声波反射率的分布边界到O2之间的距离；
    S5、根据圆角平面接触理论，确定出每一扫面区域的压强值，然后得扫描区域与O2之间的距离r与压强P的对应关系，如式(2)所示：
    P＝f2(r)                (2)
    S6、根据式(1)和式(2)，推导R与P的对应关系，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线，如式(3)所示：
    P＝f3(R)                   (3)
    S7、利用式(3)的初始超声反射率-压强关系曲线，计算在不同压力下的压强值P′i，利用积分的方式，计算出计算总载荷Wi′，
    Wi′＝∫P′idxdy            (4)
    利用计算总载荷Wi′与压力传感器测量得到的实际载荷Wi相除，得到对应不同压力的多个修正系数Ki，取其平均值，得到平均修正系数K，
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-100001
    S8、利用平均修正系数K对初始的反射率-压强关系曲线进行修正，得到最终的反射率-压强关系曲线：
    Pi＝Ki×P′i             (6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中，零点信号通过以下方式得到：
    在无加载的情况下，利用水浸超声波换能器在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为零点信号。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中，特征信号通过以下方式得到：
    在不同压力下，利用水浸超声波换能器在扫描路径下扫描加载面处的情况，得到的超声波返回信号作为特征信号，所述不同压力包括多个逐渐增大的压力，相邻压力的差值的绝对值均相等。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S2中，用特征信号与零点信号的比值计算出超声波的反射率指的是：
    对零点信号和特征信号进行快速傅里叶变换，同时利用式(7)计算出相应的超声波反射率，获得扫描路径下的反射率分布情况，
    其中，式(7)为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-100002
    Ri为超声波的反射率，hi为特征信号的幅值，Hi为零点信号的幅值；
    由于所述子路径的特点，加载面的同一位置会扫描两次，取超声波反射率的平均值建立反射率的分布曲线R＝f1(r)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法，其特征在于：所述步骤S6中，R与P的对应关系通过以下方法推导：
    利用圆角平面接触理论，利用式(8)以及步骤S4中得到的a，计算出对应压力下，压强的分布曲线，利用超声波反射率的分布曲线与压强的分布曲线相拟合，得到初始的超声波反射率-压强关系曲线；
    其中式(8)为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-100003
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089951-appb-100004
    Vi为材料的泊松比，Ei为材料的杨氏模量，a为平均边界特征值，Rc为圆角平面的圆角面的圆角半径，b为圆角平面的平面的半径，s为特性变量。
  6. 一种基于圆角平面接触理论的界面超声波反射率-压强关系曲线建立方法的加载试验台，其特征在于：包括压力显示器，控制端，示波器，水浸超声波换能器，大圆柱体，小圆柱体，上面板，移动板，压力传感器，下面板，超声波收发器和小圆柱体连接板；
    所述大圆柱体，所述小圆柱体和所述加载试验台的轴线位于同一直线上；
    所述上面板与所述下面板之间设有两个竖直导柱，所述移动板位于所述上面板与所述下面板之间且与两个所述竖直导柱滑动连接，所述移动板的下表面设有所述压力传感器，所述小圆柱体连接板位于所述移动板与所述上面板之间，所述小圆柱体连接板的下表面设有压头，所述小圆柱体连接板的上表面设有所述小圆柱体，所述移动板的上表面设有连接所述压头的连接槽，所述上面板的下表面设有大圆柱体连接板，所述大圆柱体连接板的下表面设有连接所述大圆柱体的螺纹孔，所述上面板上设有用于所述水浸超声波换能器插入的水槽，所述水槽穿过所述大圆柱体连接板与所述螺纹孔连通；
    所述压力显示器与所述压力传感器电连接，所述控制端与所述示波器电连接，所述示波器与所述超声波收发器电连接，所述超声波收发器与所述水浸超声波换能器电连接；
    工作状态下，所述超声波收发器产生激励，将激励传递给位于所述水槽内的所述水浸超声波换能器，所述水浸超声波换能器产生超声波信号后扫描所述小圆柱体的上表面，并接受超声波返回信号，所述水浸超声波换能器将超声波返回信号转化为电压信号，发送给所述超声波收发器，所述超声波收发器将电压信号传递给所述示波器，所述示波器将电压信号显示并传递给所述控制端。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的加载试验台，其特征在于：所述示波器的型号为 TDS3012C，所述水浸超声波换能器的型号为OLYMPUS V312-0.25-10MHz-PTF，所述超声波收发器的型号为PR5700。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的加载试验台，其特征在于：所述小圆柱体的上表面具有与所述小圆柱体的侧面连接的圆角面，所述圆角面的圆角半径为1.5mm。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述的加载试验台，其特征在于：所述螺纹孔与所述大圆柱体之间设有密封圈。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述的加载试验台，其特征在于：所述示波器与所述控制端通过GPIB线连接。
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