WO2018195174A1

WO2018195174A1 - Measurement report for a measurement protocol

Info

Publication number: WO2018195174A1
Application number: PCT/US2018/028132
Authority: WO
Inventors: Feng Jiang; Qinghua Li; Xiaogang Chen; Po-Kai Huang; Robert J. Stacey
Original assignee: Feng Jiang; Qinghua Li; Xiaogang Chen; Huang Po Kai; Stacey Robert J
Priority date: 2017-04-19
Filing date: 2018-04-18
Publication date: 2018-10-25

Abstract

An apparatus of a wireless network access point (AP) and related method execute a sounding sequence with a station (STA) to obtain channel information. During the sounding sequence, the apparatus decodes an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) transmitted from the STA to the AP and encodes a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) for transmission by the AP to the STA. During a measurement report sequence, the apparatus determines STA transmission time and angle data based on the obtained channel information, and encodes the STA transmission time and angle data in a location measurement report (LMR) transmission to the STA. The AP sends the STA(s) its LMR, and the STA(s) send the AP their LMRs in response to a LMR trigger frame.

Description

MEASUREMENT REPORT FOR A MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL

CLAIM OF PRIORITY [0001] This patent application claims the benefit of priority to LI S. Application Serial No. 62/487,206, filed April 19, 2017, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

TECHNIC AL FIELD

100021 The disclosure herein pertains to measurement reporting for a measurement protocol.

BACKGROUND

[0003] The IEEE 802. 1 l az protocol defines modifications to both the IEEE 802 1 1 medium access control layer (MAC) and physical layers ( PH Y ) of High Throughput (HT), Very High Throughput (VHT), Directional Multi Gigabit

(DMG) and PFIYs (e.g. High Efficiency WLAN (HEW), Next Generation 60GHz (NG60)) that enables determination of absolute and relative position with better accuracy than the Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) protocol executing on the same PHY-type, while reducing existing wireless medium use and power consumption and is scalable to dense deployments. These modifications also enable secured and efficient exchange of location measurement report (LMR) and positioning information. The LMR includes necessary time stamps or channel state information for a station (STA) or an access point (AP) to derive the round- trip time, which is used for the estimation of range between the STA and the AP.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

100041 The present disclosure is il lustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings listed and described below, in which like references indicate similar elements.

I 100051 FIG. 1 is a frame exchange diagram illustrating an example sounding sequence that may be utilized in an implementation, in accordance with some aspects.

[0006] FIG. 2 is a timing diagram according to an implementation that illustrates a sounding part based on a multi-user measurement protocol, in accordance with some aspects.

[0007] FIG. 3 is a frame exchange according to some aspects showing an example in which a unicast LMR feedback packet (ULMI P), comprising LMRs for each station (STA) is in a same transmission opportunity (TxOP) as the channel sounding sequence.

100081 FIG. 4 is a frame exchange according to some aspects showing an example in which a unicast LMR feedback packet (ULMRP), comprising LMRs for each STA is in a different transmission opportunity (TxOP) as the channel sounding sequence.

[0009] FIG. 5 is a frame exchange that illustrates, by way of example only, the use of a broadcast LMR feedback packet (BLMRP), used by an access point (AP) to send the location measurement report to the STA, in accordance with some aspects.

[0010] FIG. 6 is a frame exchange according to an implementation similar to that shown in FIG. 5, but with the channel sounding sequence being in a first TxOP and the BLMRP being in a second TxOP that is different from the first TxOP, in accordance with some aspects.

[0011] FIG. 7 is a frame exchange that illustrates the use of an example trigger-based location measurement report feedback packet (TLMRP), in accordance with some aspects.

[0012] FIG. 8 is a frame exchange that shows an example in which the channel sounding sequence is in a first TxOP, and the TLMRP is in a second TxOP that is different from the first TxOP, in accordance with some aspects.

[0013] FIGS. 9A and 9B combine to form an example frame exchange showing that the AP may first solicit the TLMRP from the ST As, and then send the BLMRP to the STA, in accordance with some aspects. [0014] FIGS. 10A and I OB combine to form an example frame exchange showing that the AP may first send the ULMRP to the STA, and then solicit the II. MRP from the STAs, in accordance with some aspects.

[0015] FIG. I OC is a timing diagram illustrating a use of an N-l Round TxOP and an N Round TxOP, in accordance with some aspects.

[0016] FIG. 1 1 is a flowchart of an example process for measurement reporting using the measurement protocol for the AP, in accordance with some aspects.

[0017] FIG. 12 is a flowchart of an example process for measurement reporting using the measurement protocol for the STA, in accordance ith some aspects.

[0018] FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an example machine or device upon which one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform.

DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific aspects to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other aspects may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some aspects may be included in, or substituted for, those of other aspects. Variations set forth in the claims encompass available equivalents of those claims.

[0020] In wireless communications, such as those defined by the IEEE 802. 1 1 body of standards, it may be desirable for a station to identify at least one of its absolute or relative position to another station or stations it is either associated or unassociated with. Ideally, a system and method may be provided that enables determination of absolute and relative positions with better accuracy (for example, with respect to a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) protocol), while reducing existing wireless medium use and power consumption, and is scalable to dense deployments.

[0021] One example of a measurement protocol may that of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ( IEEE) 802. 1 l az standard. In the measurement protocol of IEEE 802.1 1 az, a round trip time (RTT) between an AP (or master station) (also herein cal led a responding station ( RSTA)) and a ST A (also herein called an initiating station (ISTA) may be estimated, such that the STA' s range information may be derived. In a multi-user operation, an AP trigger frame may be used to initiate simultaneous uplink transmissions from each of the STAs. When multiple users respond in unison with their information packets, the AP may apply a P-matrix to separate each uplink STA' s channel information. The channel information may be used for the time of arrival estimation. Based on the sounding sequence in FIG. 1, the time stamps for deriving the RTT is described below.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a frame exchange illustrating an example sounding sequence 105 that may be utilized in an implementation, in accordance with some aspects. This sounding sequence 105 may comprise two main parts: an uplink (UL) sounding part 1 10 and a downlink (DL) sounding part 1 50.

[0023] In the UL sounding part 1 10, a trigger frame (TF) 1 12 may be sent by a RSTA, such as an AP, to a ISTA, such as an ST A. Information related to the channel state may be estimated based on an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) 1 14 after a short interframe space ( SIFS) 1 16 after the TF 1 1 2 that allows processing of a received frame and preparing a response preparation. The DL sounding part 150 comprises a downlink null data packet announcement (DL DP A) frame 1 52 after which follows, by an SIFS, a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) frame 154.

[0024] FIG. 2 is a timing diagram 200 according to an implementation that illustrates the UL 1 10 and DL 1 50 sounding parts of the sounding sequence 105. In FIG. 2, the RSTA ( AP) may first send the trigger frame TF 1 12 to the ISTA (ST A) to initiate the UL sounding part 1 10 and receive from the ISTA the UL NDP 1 14. The RSTA (e.g., the AP) may then indicate an intent to perform the DL sounding part 1 50 by transmitting the DL NDP A frame 152, followed by the DL NDP frame 1 54 after the SI FS 1 1 6. The DL NDP A 1 52 may contain an ST A info field for each ISTA that is expected to perform range estimation with the RSTA, along w ith an ST A identifier.

[0025] The trigger frame 1 12 may be utilized by the RSTA (master STA/AP) to initiate a simultaneous uplink transmission 1 14 from each of the 1ST As. When multiple users respond in unison with their NDP frames, the RSTA may apply a P-matrix to the received HE-LTF symbols, obtaining the channel state information of each 1ST A. Based on the sounding sequence in FIG. 1, the time stamps for deriving the RTT is described below.

[0026] FIG. 2 illustrates various time stamps used for deriving the RTT. In FIG. 2, tl is a time of departure (ToD) of the UL NDP 114 at the 1ST A 220 side and t2 is a time of arrival (ToA) of the UL NDP I 14 at the RSTA 210 side, t3 is a ToD of the DL NDP 154 at the RSTA 210 side, and t4 is the ToA of the DL NDP 154 at the I ST A 220 side. These times may be included in what is referred to herein as time stamp information. The RTT may be calculated as a sum of first and second time differences:

RTT= t4 - tl - (t3 12) (1)

[0027] According to the derivation of RTT in equation (1), the design of a location measurement report (LMR) packet (LMRP) may take the following into account:

• When the 1ST As 220 are to derive the RTT, the RSTA 2 10 may send the times†2 and t3 (or the difference between times t3 and t2) to the ISTAs 220 using an LMRP;

• When the RSTA 210 is to know the ISTAs' 220 range or location information, it may request the ISTAs 220 to send the times tl and t4 (or the difference between times t4 and 1 1 ) or the RTT, or the ISTA' s 220 range or location information through the uplink transmission of the LMR; and

• If the passive location mode is to be supported, then the RST A (or master AP) 210 or the I ST A (anchor ST A) 220 may use the LMRP to send the time stamps tl, t2, t3 and t4 to passive client ST As that are to implement the passive location. In the passive location mode, the master AP and anchor ST A exchange an MU sounding sequence and measurement report sequence, and the passive client ST A listens to the NDP and LMR frames from the master AP and anchor ST A. Based on time stamp information derived at the passive client STA, time stamp information included in the L R, and the location information of the master AP and anchor ST A, the passive client ST A can bui ld hyperbolic equations to derive its own location.

[0028] In one configuration, the client I ST A 220 may compute the RTT for the 1 ST A 220 to know the range information. However, it may also be beneficial for the RSTA 210 to know the range information as well. Several example formats of the LMRP are provided below.

[0029] The location measurement report packet for the feedback from the A 210 to the ST A 220 may be unicast -based or broadcast-based Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit ( PPDU) and the location measurement report packet for the feedback from the 1ST A 220 to the RSTA 210 may be a trigger-based PPDU. In a negotiation phase, the RSTA 2 10 and the I ST A 220 may decide a direction of the measurement report feedback, for example, from the RSTA 2 10 to the I ST A 220, or from the 1 ST A 220 to the RST A 210. Also, the RSTA 2 10 and I ST A 220 may decide the packet format for the measurement report feedback, for example, the RSTA 2 10 may use unicast packet or broadcast packet to send the measurement report to 1ST A. If RSTA 210 needs to send measurement report to a large number of 1 ST As, using the broadcast packet may improve the efficiency. In the broadcast measurement report packet, RSTA 2 10 may encrypt different I STA^'s measurement information independently .

100301 When the RST A 2 10 is to obtain the I ST As measurement information, the RSTA 2 10 requests an ISTA2RSTA measurement report feedback and the RST A 2 10 may indicate this preference to the 1ST A 220 in the negotiation phase or in the beacon packet. Also, in the negotiation phase, the ISTA 220 may provide the RST A 2 10 the time delay that the I ST A 220 uses to prepare its measurement report, such that the RSTA 2 10 may solicit the ISTA^'s 220 measurement report at a feasible point in time.

[00311 In the negotiation phase, the AP 2 10 and the ST A 220 determine whether or not to encrypt a channel sounding sequence and the measurement report. When the MU channel sounding and measurement report feedback are used for a passive location, then the channel sounding sequence and the measurement report feedback packet need not be encrypted so that the passive client STAs may use these packets for passive location. To improve the efficiency, in an Mil measurement phase, the STA 220 may use the trigger-based packet, which may be a High Efficiency (HE) Trigger-Based (TB) PPDU (HE TB PPDU), to send the measurement report feedback to the AP 210, and the HE SU PPDU may be disallowed.

[0032] The following examples may be considered.

UNIC AST-BASED LOCATION MEASUREMENT REPORT PACKET

100331 In the measurement report sequence 170 (FIG. 3), after the sounding sequence 105 in which the AP 2 10 and STAs 220 exchange the UL NDP I 14 and the DL NDP 154, the AP 210 has enough channel information to derive the t2 time ii hi st rated in FIG.2, and the processing time for calculating t2 will depend on the AP^' s 2 10 computation capability. Also, the AP 2 10 may use the channel estimation of the UL NDP 1 14 to estimate an angle of arrival ( AoA) and angle of departure (AoD). In order to estimate these angles (angle information), the AP 2 10 can first implement channel estimation to obtain the channel matrix and perform matrix decomposition of the channel matrix to subtract the angle information. A known MUSIC algorithm may be utilized for this. The AP can determine t3 when transmitting the DL NDP. When the t2, t3, AoA and AoD are ready at the AP 2 10 side, the AP 210 may send this information to the STAs 220 using a downlink unicast packet, for example, using a downlink HE MU-PPDU (OFDM A or MU- MI MO), and an association identifier (AID) and/or ranging ID may be used to identify the STAs 220. The unicast packet for each STA 220 may be encrypted in the M AC layer and the packet may include, for example, the following individual information items for each STA 220:

ToA t2 time of arrival of the UL NDP 1 14

To A error to indicate a maxi mum error in value of ToA t2

ToD t3 time of departure of the DL NDP I 54

ToD error to indicate a maximum error in value of ToD t3

AoA of the UL NDP 1 14 AoA error to indicate a maximum error in value of AoA AoD of the UL NDP 154

AoD error to indicate a maximum error in value of AoD Time or frequency domain channel state information (C SI) A location civic report

A location configuration information report (LCI)

A dialogue token field to identi fy the Ml; sounding sequence from which the To A t2, ToD t3, AoA, AoD and CSI are measured.

Table 1

Example Contents of a Downlink Unicast Packet (ULMRP) for Each STA

[0034] A unit of measure for the To A and ToD may be picoseconds, and the unit of measure for the AoA and AoD may be radians or degrees. The detailed definition of the LCI report and location civic report may be found in the IEEE 802. 1 1 -20 16 Specification. I ST A report information, as referred to herein, may include at least one of time stamp information or angle information determined by the RSTA from the UL NDP and sent in an RSTA2ISTA LMR. RSTA report information, as referred to herein, may include at least one of time stamp information or angle information determined by the I STA from the DL NDP and sent in an ISTA2RSTA LMR.

[0035] If the location measurement report feedback is used for passive location, then the unicast packet for each STA 220 need not be encrypted, such that the passive ST As 220 may decode these unicast packets and use the measurement information in these packets to perform passive location, for example, using the hyperbolic method described in the Annex P of the IEEE 802. 1 1 -20 16 Specification. The time delay between the MU sounding sequence and the measurement feedback packet could be an SIFS or longer than an SIFS, which depends on the AP's 2 10 computation capability. The AP 2 10 may indicate the length of this time delay to the ST As 220 in the negotiation phase or in the trigger frame that solicits the uplink sounding sequence, or in the NDP A packet 152 of the sounding sequence 105. After sending the measurement feedback packet, to improve the efficiency of the measurement phase, the AP 210 may have the STA 220 not send an ACK packet.

[0036] FIG. 3 is a frame exchange 300 according to an implementation showing an example in which, during the measurement report sequence 170, the unicast LMR feedback packet (ULMRP) 320, comprising LMRs 320. 1 -320. N (also referred to in the remaining FIGS, as RSTA2I STA LMRs) for each STA 220 is in the same transmission opportunity (TxOP) 3 1 0 as the channel sounding sequence 105, with the ULMRP 320 being separated from the DL NDP 154 by an SIFS. However, this configuration may be computationally demanding since the calculations must be determined and reported within the same TxOP.

[0037] FIG. 4 is a frame exchange 400 according to an implementation similar to that shown in FIG. 3, but with the channel sounding sequence 105 being in a first TxOP 310.1 and the unicast ULMRP 320 being in a second TxOP 3 10, 2 that is different from the first TxOP 310.1. Or, stated differently and according to one implementation, the measurement report sequence 170 N may utilize determined, derived, or calculated information from the sounding sequence 105 N-1 and not information received from the most recent sounding sequence 105 N. This permits more time for the calculations to be performed and is not so computationally demanding on the processor (refer to FIG. 10C and related discussion below for further illustration).

BROADCAST-BASED LOCATION MEASUREMENT REPORT PACKET

[0038] FIG. 5 is a frame exchange 500 that illustrates, by way of example only, the use of a broadcast LMR feedback packet (BLMRP) 520, used by the AP 2 10 to send the location measurement report to the STA 220. The BLMRP 520 may include an association ID (AID) and/or ranging ID to identify the STAs 220 that are expected to receive the measurement feedback report and the BLMRP 520 may include the following information for each STA 220:

To.A t2 time of arriv al of the UL NDP 1 14

To A error to indicate a maxi mum error in v alue of To A t2 ToD t3 time of departure of the DL NDP 154

ToD error to indicate a maximum error in value of ToD t.3

ToA t4 time of arrival of the DL NDP 154

To A error to indicate a maximum error in value of ToA t4

ToD tl time of departure of the UL NDP I 14

ToD error to indicate a maximum error in value of ToD 1 1

AoA of the UL DP 1 14

AoA error to ind icate a maxi mum error in value of AoA AoD of the UL NDP 1 14

AoD error to indicate a maximum error in value of AoD

Time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI)

Table 2

Example Contents of a Downlink Broadcast Packet (BLMRP)for Each STA

100391 The BLMRP 520 may also include the following common information for all the ST As 220:

A location civic report

A location configuration information report (LCI)

A d ialogue token field to identify the MU sounding sequence from which the ToA t2, ToD t3, AoA, AoD and CSI are measured.

Table 3

Example Contents of a Downlink Broadcast Packet (BLMRP) Common for All

STAs

100401 As above, a unit of measure for the ToA and ToD could be picoseconds, and the unit of measure for the AoA and AoD could be radian or degree. The detailed definition of the LCI report and loca tion civic report may be found in the IEEE 802.1 I -20 16 Specification. If the location measurement report feedback is used for passive location, then the broadcast packet 520 need not be encrypted so that the passive STAs 220 may decode this broadcast packet 520 and use the measurement information in these packets to do passive location, for example, using the hyperbolic method described in the Annex P of the IEEE 802. 1 1 -2016 Specification. The time delay between the MU sounding sequence and the measurement feedback packet could be an SIFS or longer than an SIFS, which depends on the AP's computation capability. The AP 2 10 may indicate the length of this time delay to STAs 220 in the negotiation phase or in the trigger frame that solicits the uplink sounding sequence, or in the NDPA 152 packet of the sounding sequence 105. FIG. 5 illustrates, by way of example only, where the BLMRP 520 is in the same TxOP 310 as the sounding sequence.

[0041] FIG. 6 is a frame exchange 600 according to an implementation similar to that shown in FIG. 5, but with the channel sounding sequence 105 being in a first TxOP 310.1 and the BLMRP 520 being in a second TxOP 310.2 that is different from the first TxOP 310.1. Similar to FIG. 4, according to one implementation, the measurement report sequence 170 N may utilize determined, derived, or calculated information from the sounding sequence 105 N-l and not information received from the most recent sounding sequence 105 N. This permits more time for the calculations to be performed and is not so computationally demanding on the processor. TRIGGER-BASED LOCATIO MEASUREMENT REPORT PACKET

[0042] FIG. 7 is a frame exchange that illustrates the use of an example trigger-based location measurement report feedback packet (TLMRP) 720. When the AP 2 10 is to use the STAs' 220 measurement information, the AP 2 10 may use a feedback trigger frame (FTF) (which may be referred to herein as a trigger frame for LMR (TFLMR)) 722 to solicit the TLMRP 720 from STAs 220, and the STAs 220 may send the measurement information to the AP 2 10 using the TLMRP 720, which may in the form of a trigger-based PPDU compri sing LMRs 720. 1 - 720. N (also referred to herein as an 1STA2RSTA LMR). The TFLMR 722 may include a dialogue token field to indicate an index of the channel sounding sequence for which the AP 210 is to receive the measurement information, and after an SIFS of receiving the TFLMR 722, the STA 220 may send the LMR of the specified channel sounding sequence to the AP 210. The STA's 220 TLMRP 720 may include the following information:

ToD tl time of departure of the UL NDP 1 14

ToD error to indicate a maximum error in value of ToD 1 1

To A t4 time of arrival of the DL NDP 154

To A error to indicate a maximum error in value of To A t4

Ao A of the DL NDP 154

AoA error to ind icate a maxi mum error in value of AoA AoD of the DL NDP 1 14

AoD error to indicate a maximum error in value of AoD

The time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI)

Location civic report

Location configuration information report (LCI)

A dialogue token field to indicate which channel sounding seq uence the location measurement report corresponds to

Table 4

Example Contents of an TLMRP from an STA

[0043] Simi lar to measurement units described above, the unit of time for the ToA and ToD may be picoseconds, and the unit of angle for the AoA and AoD could be radian or degree. The detailed definition of the LCI report and location civic report may be found in the IEEE 802. 1 1 -20 16 Specification. When the LMR feedback is used for passive location, the TLMRP, such as a trigger-based PPDU 720, from each STA 220 need not be encrypted so that the passive ST As 220 may decode the trigger-based PPDU 720 and use the measurement information in these packets to do passive location, for example, using a hyperbolic method described in the Annex P of the IEEE 802. 1 1 -20 16 Specification.

[0044] The time delay between the MU sounding sequence 105 and the TFLMR 722 that solicits the TLMRP 720 could be an SIFS or longer than an SIFS, which depends on the STA' s 220 computation capability. After receiving the DL NDP packet 154 from the AP 210, each STA 220 may need a time delay to prepare its LMR, and the STA 220 may report this time delay, an LMR preparation time, to the AP 210 in the negotiation phase so that the AP 2 10 may send the TFLMR 722 at a time when the STA's 220 LMR is ready. FIG. 7 shows an example where the TLMRP 720 is in the same TxOP 310 as the channel sounding sequence 105, and FIG. 8 shows an example in which the channel sounding sequence 105 is in a first TxOP 310.1 , and the T LMRP 720 is in a second TxOP 3 10.2 that is different from the first TxOP 310.1. Thus, similar to FIG. 4, according to one implementation, the measurement report sequence 170 N may utilize determined, derived, or calculated information from the sounding sequence 105 N- 1 and not information received from the most recent sounding sequence 105 N. This permits more time for the calculations to be performed and is not so computationally demanding on the processor. FLEXIBILITY IN THE ORDERING BETWEEN THE TRIGGER-BASED LM R FEEDBACK

AND THE. UNICAST OR BROADCAST LMR FEEDBACK

[0045] When the AP 210 and the STA 220 need to exchange the LMR information, an ordering between: a) the TLMRP 720 (STA→ AP); and b) the BLMRP 520 ( AP -- STA) is flexible, and the AP 2 10 may indicate its preference in a negotiation or a beacon packet.

[0046] FIGS. 9 A and 9B combine to form an example frame exchange showing that the AP 210 may first solicit the TLMRP 720 from the ST As 220, and then send the BLMRP 520 to the STA 220. In the diagram, the SIFS+X denotes a variable length of time. When X is 0, it indicates the packets before and after are within the same TxOP, and when X is larger than 0, it indicates that the packets before and after are in the different TxOPs. Similar to FIG. 4, according to one implementation, the measurement report sequence 170 N may utilize determined, derived, or calculated information from the sounding sequence 105 N-l and not information received from the most recent sounding sequence 105 N. This permits more time for the calculations to be performed and is not so computationally demanding on the processor. [0047] FIGS. l OA and I OB combine to form an example frame exchange diagram showing that the AP 210 may first send the ULMRP 320 (or, not shown, a BLMRP 520) to the ST A 220. Then the AP 210 may solicit, via the TFLMR 722, the TLMRP 720 from the STAs 220. Similar to FIGS. 9A and 9B, the SIFS+X denotes a variable length of time. When X is 0, it indicates the packets before and after are in the same TxOP, and when X is larger than 0, it indicates that the packets before and after are in the different TxOPs. Similar to FIG. 4, according to one implementation, the measurement report sequence 170 N may utilize determined, derived, or calculated information from the sounding sequence 105 N- 1 and not information received from the most recent sounding sequence 105 N. This permits more time for the calculations to be performed and is not so computationally demanding on the processor.

[0048] Although the ULMRP 320, the BLRMP 520, and the TLMRP 720 are described above as being "packets", this term herein is used generically to simply mean a collection of information, and unless otherwise so described, do not require any temporal or spatial limitations bounding the information contained in them.

[0049] FIG. I OC is a timing diagram illustrating a use of an N-l Round TxOP and an Round TxOP, in accordance with some aspects. During a TxOP 1 (a round N-l sequence) 3 10. 1 , the sounding sequence 105. 1 is performed followed by the RSTA2ISTA LMR 320. 1. However, this may be the RSTA2ISTA LMR 320. 1 for the current round N-l or from the previous round N-2. Similarly, the LMR trigger frame T FLM 722. 1 for the current round N-l is performed, followed by the ISTA2RSTA LMR 720. 1 . This may be the ISTA2RSTA LMR 720.1 for the current round N- 1 or from the previous round N-2. Some random time may exist between the TxOP 1 and TxOP2 (round N sequence) 310.2. Similar to the previous round, during the TxOP2 310.2, the sounding sequence 105.2 is performed followed by the R ST 421 ST A LMR 320.2. As before, this may be the RSTA2ISTA LMR 320.2 for the current round N or for the previous round N- 1 . Similarly, the LMR trigger frame TFLM R 722.2 for the current round N is performed, followed by the ISTA2RSTA LMR 720.2. This may be the ISTA2RSTA LMR 720.2 for the current round N or for the previous round N-l . 100501 FIG. 1 1 is a flowchart of an example process 1 100 for measurement reporting for a measurement protocol for the AP 210. As described above, during a sounding sequence 1102, an AP 210 communicates with an STA 220 to determine range-based information of the STA 220. In operation S 1 105, the AP 210 decodes a UL NDP 114 received by the AP 210 from the STA 220. The decoding may take place after the UL NDP 114 has been received by the AP 210 via, e.g., an antenna and converted into a digital signal. The digital signal may be interpreted as a data block and stored in a memory of the AP 2 10. Operation S 1 105 may be initiated by a trigger frame 112 that is sent by the AP 210 to the STA 220 to initiate the sounding sequence 1102. In operation SI 1 10, the AP 210 may- prepare a DL NDP 154 that provides the necessary information to the STA 220 to complete the channel sounding. Known technologies may be utilized for the sounding sequence 1102.

[0051] In operation S I 1 15, the AP 210 may determine time of arrival t2 and angle data for the STA 220 based on the UL NDP 114 obtained during the sounding sequence 1 102, and determine the time of departure t3 of the DL NDP 154. In operation SI 120, the determined time and angle data may be encoded into an LMR (RSTA2ISTA LMR) that may be transmitted to the STA 220 for use by the STA 220 to determine the RTT. The LMR may be transmitted from the AP 2 10 to the STA 220 via the ULMRP 320 or BLMRP 520 discussed above. The LMR from the AP 210, when combined with the time of departure tl of the UL NDP 114 and the time of arrival t4 of the DL NDP 154 known to the STA 220 may be utilized by the STA 220 to determine the RTT.

[0052] In operation S I 125, in order for the AP 2 10 to receive location measurement information from the STA 220, the AP 210 encodes, for transmission to the STA 220, an TFLMR 722 that triggers the STA 220 to generate a TLMRP 720 containing its known timing and angle measurement information. Upon receipt of the TFLMR 722, the STA 220 generates an LMR with timing and angle information that it has determined and sends it to the AP 210. The AP 210 then decodes the received TLMRP containing the STA's 220 LRM and obtains the timing and angle information about the STA 220. This information, combined with the AP's 210 own determined information may then be combined to determine the RTT between the AP 2 10 and the STA 220. With RTT information and angle information, a more accurate relative location of devices may be determined. Combining relative locations with at least one piece of absolute location information may permit absolute locations for all devices whose relative locations are known to be determined. In various aspects, one or more of the operations of the process depicted by FIG. 1 1 may be rearranged, omitted, or combined with one or more other processes discussed herein.

100531 FIG. 1 2 is a flowchart of an example process 1200 for measurement reporting for a measurement protocol for the STA 220. As described above, during a sounding sequence 1202, the STA 220 communicates with an AP 2 10 to determine range information to the AP 210. In operation S 1205, the STA 220 encodes a UL NDP 124 for transmission to the AP 2 10 by the STA 220. The encoding may take place prior to the UL NDP 124 being transmitted to the AP 2 10 after, e.g., being converted into a transmission signal and using an antenna. The digital signal may be created as a data block and stored in a memory of the STA 220 prior to transmission. Operation S 1205 may be initiated by a trigger frame 1 22 that is sent by the AP 2 10 to the STA 220 to initiate the sounding sequence 1202. In operation S 1 2 10, the A 210 may prepare a DL NDP 1 54 that provides the necessary information to the STA 220 to complete the channel sounding. The STA 220 may receive the DL NDP 1 54 from the AP 2 10 and decode it to obtain the channel state information between the AP 2 10 and STA 220. Known technologies may be utilized for the sounding sequence 1202.

[0054] In operation S 12 1 5, the STA 220 may determine time of arrival t4 and angle data for the AP 2 10 based on the DL NDP 1 4 obtained during the sounding sequence 1202, and determine time of departure t l of the UL NDP 1 14. In operation S 1220, the determined time stamps and angle data may be encoded into an LMR ( ISTA2RSTA LMR) that may be transmitted to the AP 2 10 for use by the AP 210 to determine the R T T . The LMR may be transmitted from the STA 220 to the AP 210 via the TLMRP 720 discussed above. T he LMR from the STA 220, when combined with the time of departure t3 of the DL NDP 1 54 and the time of arrival t2 of the UL DP 1 24 known to the AP 2 1 0 may be utilized by the AP 2 10 to determine the RTT

[0055] In operation S 1 225, in order for the STA 220 to transmit relevant information to the AP 2 10, the STA 220 decodes a TFLMR 722 received from the AP 210 that triggers the STA 220 to generate and encode a TLMRP 720 containing its known time stamp and angle measurement information. Thus, upon receipt of the TFLMR 722, the STA 220 generates an LMR ( I STA2RSTA LMR) with the time stamp and angle information that it has determined and sends it to the AP 210. The AP 210 then decodes the received TLMRP containing the STA' s 220 LMR and obtains the time stamp and angle information from the STA 220. This information received by the STA 220 from the AP 210, combined with the STA' s 220 own determined information may then be combined to determine the RTT for an operating channel. With RTT information and angle information, a more accurate relative location of devices may be determined. As with the A 2 10 described abov e, with the STA 220 combining relativ e locations with at least one piece of absolute location information may permit absolute locations for all dev ices whose relativ e locations are known to be determined. In various aspects, one or more of the operations of the process depicted by FIG. 1 2 may be rearranged, omitted, or combined with one or more other processes discussed herein.

100561 FIG 13 is a block diagram of an example machine 1300 upon which one or more ofthe techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may perform. In alternativ e various aspects, the machine 1300 may operate as a standalone dev ice or may be connected ( e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 1300 may operate in the capacity of a serv er machine, a client machine, or both in serv er-client network env ironments. In an example, the machine 1300 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed ) network env ironment. The machine 1300 may be a master station, HE station, personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top bo (STB), a personal digital assistant ( PDA), a portable communications dev ice, a mobile telephone, a smart phone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine^" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a serv ice ( SaaS), other computer cluster configurations. [0057] Machine (e.g., computer system) 1300 may include a hardware processor 1302 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 1304 and a static memory 1 306, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 1308.

[0058] Specific examples of main memory 1304 include Random Access Memory (RAM), and semiconductor memory devices, which may include, in some various aspects, storage locations in semiconductors such as registers. Specific examples of static memory 1306 include non- volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrical ly Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks.

[0059] The machine 1300 may further include a display device 1 3 10, an input device 1312 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 1314 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the display device 1310, input device 1312 and UI navigation device 13 14 may be a touch screen display. The machine 1300 may additionally include a mass storage (e.g., drive unit) 1316, a signal generation device 1318 (e.g., a speaker), a network interface device 1320, and one or more sensors 1321, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, compass, accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 1300 may include an output controller 1328, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared( IR), near field communication ( NFC), etc. ) connection to communicate or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, card reader, etc. ). In some aspects, the processor 1302 and/or instructions 1324 may comprise processing circuitry and/or transceiver circuitry.

100601 The storage device 13 1 6 may include a machine readable medium 1322 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 1324 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 1324 may also reside, completely or at least partial ly, within the main memory 1304, within static memory 1306, or within the hardware processor 1302 during execution thereof by the machine 1300. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 1302, the main memory 1304, the static memory 1306, or the storage device 13 16 may constitute machine readable media.

[0061] Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non- volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., EPROM or EE PROM) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; RAM; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.

[0062] While the machine readable medium 1322 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 1324.

[0063] An apparatus of the machine 1300 may be one or more of a hardware processor 1 302 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 1304 and a static memory 1 306, sensors 132 1 , network interface device 1 320, antennas 1360, a display device 1310, an input device 13 12, a UI navigation device 1314, a mass storage 13 16, instructions 1324, a signal generation device 13 1 8, and an output controller 1 328. The apparatus may be configured to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. The apparatus may be intended as a component of the machine 1300 to perform one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein, and/or to perform a portion of one or more of the methods and/or operations disclosed herein. In some aspects, the apparatus may include a pin or other means to receive power. In some aspects, the apparatus may include power conditioning hardware.

[0064] The term "machine readable medium^" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1300 and that cause the machine 1300 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine readable medium examples may include solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine readable media may include: non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; Random Access Memory (RAM ); and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. In some examples, machine readable media may include non-transitory machine readable media. In some examples, machine readable media may include machine readable media that is not a transitory propagating signal.

[0065] The instructions 1324 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 1326 using a transmission medium via the network interface device 1320 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol ( IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communication networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), Plain Old Telephone (POTS) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) family of standards, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) family of standards, peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.

[0066] In an example, the network interface device 1320 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 1326. In an example, the network interface device 1320 may include one or more antennas 1 360 tovirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output ( SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. In some examples, the network interface device 1320 may vvirelessly communicate using Multiple User MIMO techniques. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 1300, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible medium to facilitate communication of such software. [0067] Examples, as described herein, may include, or may operate on, logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain manner. In an example, circuits may be arranged (e.g., internally or with respect to external entities such as other circuits) in a specified manner as a module. In an example, the whole or part of one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone, client or server computer system) or one or more hardware processors may be configured by firmware or software (e.g., instructions, an application portion, or an application) as a module that operates to perform specified operations. In an example, the software may reside on a machine readable medium. In an example, the software, when executed by the underlying hardware of the modul e, causes the hardware to perform the specified operations.

[0068] Accordingly, the term "module" is understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, specifically configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily (e.g., transitorily) configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a specified manner or to perform part or all of any operation described herein. Considering examples in which modules are temporarily configured, each of the modules need not be instantiated at any one moment in time. For example, where the modules comprise a general-purpose hardware processor configured using software, the general-purpose hardware processor may be configured as respective different modules at different times. Software may accordingly configure a hardware processor, for example, to constitute a particular module at one instance of time and to constitute a different module at a different instance of time.

[0069] Some various aspects may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non- transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; flash memory, etc.

[0070] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of this disclosure, reference has been made to the various configurations illustrated in the drawings, and specific language has been used to describe these configurations. However, no limitation of the scope of the inventive subject matter is intended by this specific language, and the inventive subject matter should be construed to encompass all various aspects and configurations that would normally occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. The configurations herein may be described in terms of functional block components and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be realized by any number of components that perform the specified functions. The particular implementations shown and described herein are illustrative examples and are not intended to otherwise limit the scope of the inventive subject matter in any way. The connecting lines, or connectors shown in the various figures presented may, in some instances, be intended to represent example functional relationships and/or physical or logical couplings between the various elements. However, many alternative or additional functional relationships, physical connections or logical connections may be present in a practical device. Moreover, no item or component is essential unless the element is specifically described as ^"essential^" or ^"critical^". Numerous modifications and adaptations will be readily apparent to those skilled in this art. EXAMPLES

[0071] Example 1 is an apparatus of a wireless network responding station (RSTA), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and a processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry configured to: execute a sounding sequence with an initiating station ( ISTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: decode an uplink nul l data packet (UL DP) received from the ISTA; encode a downlink nul l data packet (DL NDP) for transmission to the IST A; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine I STA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encode the ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) ( RSTA2ISTA LMR) along with at least one of an association identifier ( AID) or ranging ID of the IST A for transmission to the ISTA; encode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (1ST A2RST A LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decode the TLMRP received from the I STA responsive to the T FLMR

[0072] In Example 2, the subject matter of Example 1 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arriv al (ToA) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arriv al ( AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure ( AoD) of the UL NDP.

[0073] In Example 3, the subject matter of Example 2 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[0074] In Example 4, the subject matter of Examples 1-3 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a unicast L R packet (ULMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) multi-user (MU ) Physical Layer Conv ersion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE U PPDU) format.

[0075] In Example 5, the subject matter of Example 4 includes, wherein at least one of the ULMRP and the TLMRP further comprises: time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI); a location civ ic report; a location configuration information report LCI; and a dialog token field that identifies the sounding sequence.

[0076] In Example 6, the subject matter of Examples 1 -5 includes, wherein: the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a broadcast LMR packet ( BLMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) single-user (SU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE SU PPDU) format; and the processing circuitry is further configured to encrypt the RSTA2ISTA LMR of the BLMRP independently from a second RSTA2ISTA LMR for a second I ST A encoded in a same manner as the RSTA2ISTA LMR.

[0077] In Example 7, the subject matter of Examples 1 -6 includes, wherein: the RST A is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); the sounding sequence and the RSTA2ISTA LMR occur in the TxOP; and a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) and the RSTA2ISTA LMR are separated by a time that is a short interframe space (SIFS),

100781 In Example 8, the subject matter of Examples 1 -7 includes, wherein : the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); and the sounding sequence and the TFLMR occur in the T xOP.

[0079] In Example 9, the subject matter of Examples 1 -8 includes, wherein: the TFLMR transmission to the I ST A follows the LMR transmission to the ISTA; and the TFLMR transmission to the ISTA and the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the IST A are separated by a short interframe space ( SIFS).

100801 In Example 10, the subject matter of Examples 1-9 includes, wherein the TLMRP is received from the ISTA after a short interframe space ( SIFS) of the ISTA^'s receiving of the T FLM R from RSTA.

[00811 In Example 1 1, the subject matter of Examples 1 - 1 0 includes, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to, prior to the measurement report sequence, negotiate an order of transmission of: a) a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) or a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP); and b) the TLMRP.

[0082] In Example 12, the subject matter of Examples 1 1 1 includes, wherein the processing circuitry comprises a baseband processor.

[0083] In Example 13, the subject matter of Example 12 includes, transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor, the transceiver circuitry configured to be coupled to one or more antennas.

[0084] In Example 14, the subject matter of Examples 1-13 includes, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first T xOP.

[0085] In Example 15, the subject matter of Example 14 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second T xOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence. [0086] In Example 16, the subject matter of Examples 14 -15 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[0087] In Example 1 7, the subject matter of Examples 1 1 6 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP ).

[0088] Example 18 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a wireless communication device that is a responding station (RSTA) to configure the device to perform operations to: execute a sounding sequence with an initiating station (ISTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: decode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) received from the ISTA; and encode a downlink null data packet (DL NDP ) for transmission to the ISTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine ISTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encode the ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) along with at least one of an association identifier (AID) or ranging ID of the ISTA for transmission to the ISTA; encode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decode the TLMRP received from the ISTA responsive to the TFLMR.

[0089] In Example 19, the subject matter of Example 1 8 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arrival (ToA) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arrival (AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure (AoD) of the UL DP

[0090] In Example 20, the subject matter of Example 19 includes, wherein, in the IST A report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[0091] In Example 21 , the subject matter of Examples 1 8 -20 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) multi-user (MLJ) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) ( HE MU PPDU) format.

[0092] In Example 22, the subject matter of Example 21 includes, wherein at least one of the ULMRP and the TLMRP further comprises: time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI); a location civic report; a location configuration information report LCI; and a dialog token field that identifies the sounding sequence.

[0093] In Example 23, the subject matter of Examples 18-22 includes, wherein: the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) single-user (SU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE SU PPDU) format; and the processing circuitry is further configured to encrypt the RSTA2ISTA LMR of the BLMRP independently from a second RST A2IST A LMR for a second I STA encoded in a same manner as the RSTA2ISTA LMR.

[0094] In Example 24, the subject matter of Examples 18 -23 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); the sounding sequence and the RSTA2ISTA LMR occur in the TxOP; and a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) and the RSTA2ISTA LMR are separated by a time that is a short interframe space (SIFS).

[0095] In Example 25, the subject matter of Examples 1 8 24 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); and the sounding sequence and the TFLMR occur in the TxOP.

[0096] In Example 26, the subject matter of Examples 18-25 includes, herein: the TFLMR transmission to the IST A follows the LMR transmission to the ISTA; and the TFLMR transmission to the ISTA and the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the ISTA are separated by a short interframe space (SIFS).

[0097] In Example 27, the subject matter of Examples 18-26 includes, wherein the TLMRP is received from the ISTA after a short interframe space ( SIFS) of the ISTA's receiving of the TFLMR from RSTA. [0098] In Example 28, the subject matter of Examples 18 -27 includes, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to, prior to the measurement report sequence, negotiate an order of transmission of: a) a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) or a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP); and b) the TLMRP.

[0099] In Example 29, the subject matter of Examples 18-28 includes, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

[00100] In Example 30, the subject matter of Example 29 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[001011 In Example 3 1, the subject matter of Examples 29-30 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00102] In Example 32, the subject matter of Examples 1 8 1 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP).

[00103] Example 3 is a method performed by a component of a wireless network responding station (RSTA) for implementing a measurement protocol, the method comprising, with processing circuitry of the component: executing a sounding sequence with an initiating station ( IST A ) to obtain channel information; during the sounding sequence: decoding an uplink null data packet (LJL NDP) received from the ISTA; and encoding a downlink null data packet ( DL NDP) for transmission to the ISTA; executing a measurement report sequence; during the measurement report sequence: determining IST A report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encoding the ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) ( R ST 421 ST A LMR) along with at least one of an association identifier (AID) or ranging ID of the ISTA for transmission to the ISTA; encoding a trigger frame for LM R feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR ( ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decoding the TLMRP receiv ed from the ISTA responsiv e to the TFLMR. [00104] In Example 34, the subject matter of Example 33 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arrival ( To A ) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arrival (AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure (AoD) of the UL NDP,

[00105] In Example 35, the subject matter of Example 34 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[00106] In Example 36, the subject matter of Examples 33-35 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) multi-user (MLJ) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) ( HE MU PPDU) format.

[00107| In Example 37, the subject matter of Example 36 includes, wherein at least one of the ULMRP and the TLMRP further comprises: time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI); a location civic report; a location configuration information report LCI; and a dialog token field that identifies the sounding sequence.

1001081 In Example 38, the subject matter of Examples 33-37 includes, herein: the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) single-user (SU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE SU PPDU) format; and the method further comprises encrypting the RSTA2ISTA LMR of the BLMRP independently from a second RSTA2ISTA LMR for a second ISTA encoded in a same manner as the RSTA2ISTA LMR.

[00109] In Example 39, the subject matter of Examples 33 38 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); the sounding sequence and the RST A2IST A LMR occur in the T xOP; and a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) and the RSTA2ISTA LMR are separated by a time that is a short interframe space (SIFS). [00110] In Example 40, the subject matter of Examples 33- 9 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); and the sounding sequence and the TFLMR occur in the TxOP.

[00111] In Example 4 1 , the subject matter of Examples 33 -40 includes, wherein: the TFLMR transmission to the ISTA follows the LMR transmission to the ISTA; and the TFLMR transmission to the ISTA and the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the ISTA are separated by a short interframe space (SIFS).

[00112] In Example 42, the subject matter of Examples 33 -41 includes, decoding the TLMRP that is received from the ISTA after a short interframe space (SIFS) of the I ST A s receiving of the TFLMR from RSTA.

[00113] In Example 43, the subject matter of Examples 33-42 includes, prior to the measurement report sequence, negotiating an order of transmission of: a) a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) or a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP); and b) the TLMRP.

[00114] In Example 44, the subject matter of Examples 33 -43 includes, wherein the processing circuitry comprises a baseband processor.

[00115] In Example 45, the subject matter of Example 44 includes, wherein transceiver circuitry is coupled to the baseband processor, the transceiver circuitry configured to be coupled to one or more antennas.

[00116] In Example 46, the subject matter of Examples 33 -45 includes, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

[00117] In Example 47, the subject matter of Example 46 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00118] In Example 48, the subject matter of Examples 46-47 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00119] In Example 49, the subject matter of Examples 33 -48 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP). [00120] Example 50 is an apparatus of a wireless network responding station (RSTA) for implementing a measurement protocol, comprising: means for executing a sounding sequence w ith an initiating station ( ISTA) to obtain channel information; means for, during the sounding sequence: decoding an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) received from the ISTA; and encoding a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) for transmission to the ISTA; means for executing a measurement report sequence; and means for, during the measurement report sequence: determining I STA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encoding the ISTA report information in an RSTA to IST A location measurement report (I . M R) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) along with at least one of an association identifier (AID) or ranging ID of the IST A for transmission to the ISTA; encoding a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decoding the TLMRP received from the ISTA responsive to the TFLMR.

[00121] In Example 51, the subject matter of Example 50 includes, wherein, in the I ST A report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arrival (ToA) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arrival (AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure (AoD) of the UL NDP.

[00122] In Example 52, the subject matter of Example 51 includes, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the T oA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the T oD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[00123| In Example 53, the subject matter of Examples 50-52 includes, wherein the RSTA2I STA LM R is within a unicast LM R packet (ULMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) multi-user (ML!) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE MU PPDU) format.

[00124] In Example 54, the subject matter of Example 53 includes, wherein at least one of the ULMRP and the TLMRP further comprises: time or frequency domain channel state information (CSI); a location civic report; a location configuration information report LCI; and a dialog token field that identifies the sounding sequence.

[00125] In Example 55, the subject matter of Examples 50 -54 includes, wherein: the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) single-user (SU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE SU PPDU) format; and the apparatus further comprises means for encrypting the RSTA2ISTA LMR of the BLMRP independently from a second RST A2IST A LMR for a second I STA encoded in a same manner as the RSTA2ISTA LMR.

[00126] In Example 56, the subject matter of Examples 50-55 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); the sounding sequence and the RSTA2ISTA LMR occur in the TxOP; and a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) and the RSTA2ISTA LMR are separated by a time that is a short interframe space (SIFS).

[00127] In Example 57, the subject matter of Examples 50-56 includes, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); and the sounding sequence and the TFLMR occur in the TxOP.

[00128] In Example 58, the subject matter of Examples 50-57 includes, wherein: the TFLMR transmission to the IST A follows the LMR transmission to the ISTA; and the TFLMR transmission to the ISTA and the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the ISTA are separated by a short interframe space (SIFS).

[00129] In Example 59, the subject matter of Examples 50-58 includes, means for decoding the TLMRP that is received from the ISTA after a short interframe space ( SIFS) of the ISTA's receiving of the TFLMR from RSTA.

1001301 In Example 60, the subject matter of Examples 50-59 includes, means for, prior to the measurement report sequence, negotiating an order of transmission of: a) a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) or a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP); and b) the TLMRP.

[00131] In Example 61, the subject matter of Examples 50-60 includes, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP ) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP. [00132] In Example 62, the subject matter of Example 6 1 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00133] In Example 63, the subject matter of Examples 6 1 - 62 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

1001341 In Example 64, the subject matter of Examples 50-63 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP).

[00135] Example 65 is an apparatus of a wireless network initiating station ( ISTA), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and a processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry configured to: execute a sounding sequence with a responding station (RSTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: encode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) for transmission to the RSTA; decode a downlink n ll data packet (DL NDP) received from the RSTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine RSTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the DL NDP; decode ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) received from the RSTA; decode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) received from the RSTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR ( ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (T LMRP) from the IST A; and encode the TLMRP for transmission to the RSTA responsive to the TFLMR.

1001361 In Example 66, the subject matter of Example 65 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of departure (ToD) of the UL NDP; and a time of arrival (To A) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of departure (AoD) of the DL NDP; and an angle of arrival (AoA) of the DL NDP.

[001371 In Example 67, the subject matter of Example 66 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error o the AoD.

[00138] In Example 68, the subject matter of Examples 65-67 includes, wherein the TLMRP is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) trigger-based (TB) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE TB PPDU) format.

[00139] In Example 69, the subject matter of Examples 65-68 includes, wherein the I ST A2 RSTA. LMR transmission to the RST A is separated from the TFLMR received from the RSTA by a short interframe space (SIFS).

[00140] In Example 70, the subject matter of Examples 65-69 includes, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

[00141] In Example 71, the subject matter of Example 70 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00142] In Example 72, the subject matter of Examples 70-71 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00143] In Example 73, the subject matter of Examples 65-72 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP).

[00144] In Example 74, the subject matter of Examples 65-73 includes, transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor, the transceiver circuitry configured to be coupled to one or more antennas.

[00145] Example 75 is a computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a wireless communication device that is an initiating station (I ST A) to configure the device to perform operations to: execute a sounding sequence with a responding station (RSTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: encode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) for transmission to the RSTA; decode a downlink null data packet (DL, NDP) received from the

RSTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine RSTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the DL NDP; decode 1 ST A report information in an RSTA to I ST A location measurement report (LMR) ( RSTA2ISTA LMR) received from the RSTA; decode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) received from the RSTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR ( ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the I ST A; and encode the TLMRP for transmission to the RSTA responsive to the TFLMR.

[00146| In Example 76, the subject matter of Example 75 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of departure (ToD) of the UL NDP; and a time of arrival (ToA) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of departure (AoD) of the DL NDP; and an angle of arrival ( AoA) of the DL NDP.

[00147] In Example 77, the subject matter of Example 76 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[00148] In Example 78, the subject matter of Examples 75-77 includes, wherein the TLMRP is encoded in a high efficiency ( HE) trigger-based (TB) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit ( PPDU) (HE TB PPDU) format.

[00149] In Example 79, the subject matter of Examples 75-78 includes, wherein the ISTA2RSTA LMR transmission to the RSTA is separated from the

TFLMR received from the RSTA by a short interframe space ( SIFS).

[00150| Example 80 is a method performed by a component of a wireless network initiating station ( ISTA) for implementing a measurement protocol, the method comprising, with processing circuitry of the component: executing a sounding sequence ith a responding station ( RSTA ) to obtain channel information; during the sounding sequence: encoding an uplink null data packet

(UL DP) for transmission to the RSTA; decoding a downlink null data packet

( DL NDP) received from the RSTA; executing a measurement report sequence; during the measurement report sequence: determining RSTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the DL NDP; decoding I ST A report information in an RSTA to 1 ST A location measurement report (LMR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) received from the RSTA; decoding a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) received from the RSTA to solicit a trigger- based LMR ( ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the 1ST A; and encoding the TLMRP for transmission to the RSTA responsive to the TFLMR.

[00151] In Example 81 , the subject matter of Example 80 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of departure (ToD) of the UL NDP; and a time of arrival (To A) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of departure (AoD) of the DL NDP; and an angle of arrival (AoA) of the DL NDP.

[00152] In Example 82, the subject matter of Example 8 1 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the To A; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[00153] In Example 83, the subject matter of Examples 80 -82 includes, wherein the TLMRP is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) trigger-based (TB) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE TB PPDU) format.

[00154] In Example 84, the subject matter of Examples 80-83 includes, wherein the ISTA2RSTA LMR transmission to the RSTA is separated from the TFLMR received from the RSTA by a short interframe space ( SI FS).

[00155] In Example 85, the subject matter of Examples 80 - 84 includes, herein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second T xOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

1001561 In Example 86, the subject matter of Example 85 includes, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence. [00157] In Example 87, the subject matter of Examples 85 -86 includes, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

[00158] In Example 88, the subject matter of Examples 80 - 87 includes, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP).

[00159] Example 89 is an apparatus of a wireless network initiating station ( I STA ) for implementing a measurement protocol, comprising: means for executing a sounding sequence with a responding station (RSTA) to obtain channel information; means for, during the sounding sequence: encoding an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) for transmission to the RSTA; decoding a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) received from the RSTA; means for executing a measurement report sequence; and means for, during the measurement report sequence: determining RSTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the DL NDP; decoding ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) ( RSTA2I STA LMR ) received from the RSTA; decoding a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) received from the RSTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (T LMRP) from the I STA; and encoding the TLMRP for transmission to the RSTA responsive to the TFLMR.

1001601 In Example 90, the subject matter of Example 89 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of departure (ToD ) of the UL NDP; and a time of arrival (To A) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of departure (AoD) of the DL NDP; and an angle of arriv al (AoA) of the DL NDP.

[00161] In Example 9 1 , the subject matter of Example 90 includes, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the To A; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

[00162] In Example 92, the subject matter of Examples 89 -9 1 includes, wherein the TLMRP is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) trigger-based (TB) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE TB PPDU) format.

[00163] In Example 93, the subject matter of Examples 89-92 includes, wherein the I ST A2 RSTA LMR transmission to the RSTA is separated from the TFLMR received from the RSTA by a short interframe space ( SIFS).

[00164] Example 94 is at least one machine-readable medium including instructions, which when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform operations of any of the operations of Examples 1-93.

[00165] Example 95 is a computer program product comprising one or more computer readable storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by processing circuitry of a device, configure the device to perform any of the methods of Examples 33-49 & 80-88.

[00166] Example 96 is a system comprising means to perform any of the methods of Examples 33-49 & 80-88.

[00167] Example 97 is an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the operations of Examples 1 -93.

[ 001681 Example 98 is at least one machine-readable medium including instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations to implement of any of Examples 1 - 93.

[00169] Example 99 is an apparatus comprising means to implement of any of Examples 1 -93.

[00170] Example 100 is a system to implement of any of Examples 1-93.

[00171] Example 101 is a method to implement of any of Examples 1 - 93.

[00172] The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides il lustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of aspects to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various aspects.

Claims

1. An apparatus of a wireless network responding station (RSTA), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and a processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry configured to: execute a sounding sequence with an initiating station (1ST A) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: decode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) received from the

ISTA; encode a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) for transmission to the ISTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine ISTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encode the ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (L.MR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) along with at least one of an association identifier (AID) or ranging ID of the ISTA for transmission to the ISTA; encode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA

LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decode the TLMRP received from the IST A responsive to the TFLMR

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein, in the I ST A report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arrival (ToA) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arrival (AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure (AoD) of the UL NDP.

The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, in the ISTA report information: the time stamp information further comprises: a ToA error that indicates a maximum error of the ToA; and a ToD error that indicates a maximum error of the ToD; and the angle information further comprises: an AoA error that indicates a maximum error of the AoA; and an AoD error that indicates a maximum error of the AoD.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR is within a unicast LMR packet (ULMRP) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) multiuser (MU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) (HE MU PPDU) format.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein at least one of the ULMRP and the TLMRP further comprises: time or frequency domain channel state information

(CSI); a location civic report; a location configuration information report LCI; and a dialog token field that identifies the sounding sequence.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the RSTA21STA LMR is within a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP ) that is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) single-user (SU) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit ( PPDU) (HE SU PPDU) format; and the processing circuitry is further configured to encrypt the RSTA2ISTA

LMR of the BLMRP independently from a second RSTA2ISTA LMR for a second 1ST A encoded in a same manner as the RSTA2ISTA LMR.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); the sounding sequence and the RSTA2ISTA LMR occur in the TxOP; and a downlink null data packet (DL DP) and the RSTA2ISTA LMR are separated by a time that is a short interframe space ( SI FS).

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein: the RSTA is to acquire a transmit opportunity (TxOP); and the sounding sequence and the TFLMR occur in the TxOP.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the TFLMR transmission to the 1ST A follows the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the 1 ST A; and the TFLMR transmission to the 1ST A and the RSTA2ISTA LMR transmission to the 1ST A are separated by a short interframe space ( SIFS).

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to, prior to the measurement report sequence, negotiate an order of transmission of: a) a unicast LMR packet ( IJ LMRP) or a broadcast LMR packet (BLMRP); and b) the TLMRP.

1 1 . The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing circuitry comprises a baseband processor, the apparatus further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor, the transceiver circuitry configured to be coupled to one or more antennas.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at l east part of the measurem ent report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

14. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sounding sequence and the measurement report sequence both occur in a same transmit opportunity (TxOP).

16. A computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions for execution by processing circuitry of a wireless communication device that is a responding station (RSTA) to configure the device to perform operations to: execute a sounding sequence with an initiating station ( ISTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: decode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) received from the ISTA; and encode a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) for transmission to the ISTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine ISTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the UL NDP; encode the ISTA report information in an RSTA to ISTA location measurement report (LMR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR along with at least one of an association identifier (AID) or ranging ID of the ISTA for transmission to the IST A; encode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) for transmission to the ISTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA

LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the ISTA; and decode the TLMRP received from the ISTA responsive to the

TFLMR.

17. The medium of claim 16, wherein, in the 1ST A report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of arrival (ToA) of the UL NDP; and a time of departure (ToD) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of arrival (AoA) of the UL NDP; and an angle of departure (AoD) of the UL NDP.

18. An apparatus of a wireless network initiating station (1ST A), the apparatus comprising: a memory; and a processing circuitry coupled to the memory, the processing circuitry configured to: execute a sounding sequence with a responding station (RSTA) to obtain channel information, the processing circuitry configured to, during the sounding sequence: encode an uplink null data packet (UL NDP) for transmission to the RSTA; decode a downlink null data packet (DL NDP) received from the

RSTA; execute a measurement report sequence, the processing circuitry configured to, during the measurement report sequence: determine RSTA report information that is at least one of time stamp information or angle information for the DL NDP; decode I ST A report information in an RSTA to I ST A location measurement report (L.MR) (RSTA2ISTA LMR) received from the RSTA; decode a trigger frame for LMR feedback (TFLMR) received from the RSTA to solicit a trigger-based LMR (ISTA2RSTA LMR) feedback packet (TLMRP) from the I ST A; and encode the TLMRP for transmission to the RS I A responsive to the TFLMR.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, in the RSTA report information: the time stamp information comprises: a time of departure (ToD) of the UL NDP; and a time of arrival (ToA) of the DL NDP; and the angle information comprises: an angle of departure (AoD) of the DL NDP; and an angle of arrival (AoA) of the DL NDP.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the TLMRP is encoded in a high efficiency (HE) trigger-based (TB) Physical Layer Conversion Protocol (PLCP) Protocol Data Unit ( PPDLJ) (HE TB PPDU) format.

21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the sounding sequence occurs in a first transmit opportunity (TxOP) and at least part of the measurement report sequence occurs in a second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP.

22. The apparatus of claim 2 1 , wherein the RSTA2ISTA LMR occurs in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the TFLMR and the TLMRP occur in the second TxOP that is subsequent to the first TxOP including the sounding sequence.

24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing circuitry comprises a baseband processor, the apparatus further comprising transceiver circuitry coupled to a baseband processor, the transceiver circuitry configured to be coupled to one or more antennas.