WO2018194406A1

WO2018194406A1 - Method and apparatus for analysis of protein-protein interaction

Info

Publication number: WO2018194406A1
Application number: PCT/KR2018/004580
Authority: WO
Inventors: 이홍원; 나유진; 박상우; 류지영
Original assignee: 주식회사 프로티나
Priority date: 2017-04-19
Filing date: 2018-04-19
Publication date: 2018-10-25

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for analyzing an activated state of a signaling pathway in a cell or a tissue through protein-protein interaction analysis, a method for selecting a personalized therapeutic agent and/or for monitoring the efficacy of a therapeutic agent, using the same, and an apparatus for use therein.

Description

【Specification】

[Name of invention]

Protein-protein interaction analysis method and apparatus

A method for analyzing the activation state of the singal ing pathway in a cell or tissue through protein-protein interaction analysis, and using the same to select a personalized therapeutic agent and / or to monitor the efficacy of the therapeutic agent. it relates to a device _for. All .

Background Art

Until recently, personalized diagnosis, prognosis prediction and treatment of individual diseases have been mainly focused on gene analysis (genom i c Prof i ling). However, the cause of certain diseases, including cancer, is due to the abnormal activity of the cells that make up the body, and more specifically, the abnormal interactions between the various proteins that make up and regulate the cells. There is a problem that is difficult to understand. In fact, profiling of these genetic mutations has shown that patients with the same genetic properties have different susceptibility to target anticancer agents, and the prognosis is also diverse. Accurate analysis of protein-protein interactions can provide insight into how the intracellular signaling network changes, as well as provide information about individual cancer progression, characteristics, and treatment options. It is expected to be. [Detailed Description of the Invention]

[Technical problem]

One example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a giant 12 protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in a singal ing pathway in a cell or tissue, and a second The protein is a subprotein of the first protein in the signaling pathway in the cell or tissue. Methods of measuring (or identifying or determining or analyzing) the activation of signaling pathways in cells or tissues are provided.

Another example is a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein. And measuring the first protein is a protein involved in a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue, and the second protein is a subset of the first protein in the signaling pathway in the cell or tissue. Provides a method of providing a protein, the cells or tissue, or ^"information on how to estimate or predict the responsiveness to drugs targeting the first protein of the object in which the cell or tissue.

Another example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in signaling pathways within the cell or tissue, and the second protein is the cell or tissue A method of selecting or providing information for selection of a subject that is a sub-protein of the first protein, within the signaling pathway in the subject, wherein the subject is suitable for treatment that targets the protein 1.

Another example includes measuring protein-protein interactions between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in the signaling pathway in the cell or in the rectum, and the second protein is the cell or tissue. A cell from which the cell or tissue, or an individual from which the cell or tissue originates, is a downstream protein of the first protein in a signaling pathway in the cell and wherein the step of measuring the protein-protein interaction is performed on at least two first proteins Provided are methods of selecting or providing information for screening a first protein or drug that targets it as a target suitable for application to an individual patient.

Another example is measuring protein-protein interactions between a first protein and a second protein in cells or tissues treated with a drug that targets the first protein, or in cells or tissues isolated from an individual to which the drug has been administered. Wherein said first protein is a protein involved in a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue, and said second protein is a sub-protein of said first protein in a signaling pathway in said cell or tissue, wherein said cell or tissue, or A method of monitoring or providing information for monitoring a response to a drug targeting said first protein of said individual is provided.

Other examples include isolated cells or tissues treated with a candidate drug targeting the first protein, or cells or tissues isolated from an individual to which the drug is administered. Secondary Protein-protein Interactions The first protein is a protein involved in a signaling pathway in the cell or tissue, and the second protein is a sub-protein of the first protein in the signaling pathway in the cell or tissue. Provided are methods for screening drugs that target proteins.

Another example provides an apparatus for use in the method described above.

Technical Solution

An example provided herein includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a crab 2 protein, wherein said 11 protein is a protein involved in a singal ing pathway in a cell or tissue. And wherein the second protein is selected from among sub-proteins of the first protein among the signaling pathways in the cell or tissue, the method of determining (or identifying or determining or analyzing) the activation of signaling pathways in the cell or tissue, or the activation measurement Relates to providing information.

Another example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in signaling pathways within the cell or tissue, and the second protein is the cell or tissue A method or prediction for predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting the Crab protein of the cell or tissue, or an individual from which the cell or tissue is derived, selected from among the subproteins of the first protein among signaling pathways within Relates to providing information. When two or more types of first proteins are used, the drug that targets the first protein may be a drug that targets any one or two or more of the two or more types of first proteins. Another example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in signaling pathways within the cell or tissue, and the second protein is the cell or tissue The present invention relates to a method of selecting a subject suitable for the treatment targeted to the crab protein, or to providing information to the screen, which is selected from among the sub-proteins of the first protein among the signaling pathways within. When two or more first proteins are used, the treatment targeting the first protein may be a treatment targeting any one or two or more of the two or more first proteins. The treatment may comprise prescribing and / or administering a drug targeting the first protein. In this case, the Crab 1 protein as a target An individual suitable for the treatment may refer to an individual capable of exerting the desired effect of the drug targeting the first protein.

In another example, measuring protein-protein interactions between a first protein and a second protein in cells or tissues treated with a drug targeted to the first protein, or in cells or tissues isolated from an individual to which the drug has been administered. Wherein the first protein is a protein involved in a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue, and the second protein is a sub-protein of the first protein in the signaling pathway in the cell or tissue, wherein the cell or tissue, or A method of monitoring responsiveness to said drug after drug treatment targeting said first protein of said subject or a method of providing information to said monitoring.

Another example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein in an isolated cell or tissue that has been treated with a candidate drug targeting the first protein, wherein the first protein is a cell or It provides a method for screening a drug that targets the first protein, which is a protein involved in the signaling pathway in the tissue, and the second protein is a sub-protein of the first protein in the signaling pathway in the cell or tissue.

It will be described below in more detail.

As used herein, the term "protein-protein interaction (prote in-protein interact i on : PPI)" can refer to a physical and / or chemical bond or a complexing between the ^"first protein and to two protein And may be measured, for example, with one or more of factors such as binding frequency, binding strength (strength), and binding time. Also, the first protein and the crab 2 protein. Interactions (binding) between not only include direct interactions (binding) between them, but also intervening (binding) through other proteins in between (the proteins located between the first and second proteins in the signaling pathway). can do. The protein-protein interaction herein may be a single molecule reaction (a reaction between a first protein of one molecule and a second protein of one molecule).

In the present specification, each of the first protein and the second protein is independently one or more selected from proteins involved in signaling pathways of cells or tissues of eukaryotic organisms (eg, multicellular animals, multicellular plants, etc.). Thus, since the protein-protein interaction between the first protein and the second protein is an interaction on the biosignal path, weak and transient interactions (weak and It may not be a transient protein-protein interacting on.

As used herein, the first protein is one or more types (eg, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 type) involved in the signaling pathway To 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 10 species, may represent a protein of the _three. to 8 species, 3 species to 6 species, 3 to 5 kinds of species, or three to four species). In addition, the second protein is a protein that interacts with (binds) the first protein, and at least one, at least two, or at least three selected from proteins involved in a lower pathway of a signaling pathway involving the first protein. (E.g., 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10, 2 to 8) , 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 10, 3 to 8, 3 to 6, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4) of the protein may mean. When the first protein is two or more, the second protein may be selected one or more independently for each of the first proteins, and the second protein selected for each of the first proteins may be different from one another, partially or entirely. May overlap. In the present specification, the first protein is selected from among proteins related to a pathological state (eg, cancer, inflammation, and other immune diseases), such that the pathological state to which they are associated (eg, cancer, inflammation, other immune diseases, etc.) Information useful for the treatment (and / or amelioration and / or alleviation). In this aspect, the first protein may be a protein that is a therapeutic target of the disease to be treated. Specifically, the first protein may be a protein targeted by the target therapeutic agent or a therapeutic agent to test the effect on the disease to be treated. Therefore, the first protein may be appropriately selected according to the therapeutic agent to know the disease or effect to be treated.

In one example, the first protein may be selected from proteins involved in the upper pathways of the cell or tissue biosignal pathway, and in order to advantageously act as a therapeutic target of the drug, an extra racel lul ar environment One or more, two or more or three or more (eg, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6) of the membrane proteins present in the cell membrane having domains exposed to (e.g., an aqueous environment) , 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 3 to 8 species, 3 to 10 species, 3 to 8 species, 3 to 6 species, 3 to 5 species, Or 3 to 4 types). For example, the first protein may include structural proteins, cell adhesion molecules, membrane enzymes, cell membrane receptors, which bind to various receptors, microfilaments, etc. at least one member selected from the group consisting of all kinds of cell membrane proteins, including membrane receptors, carrier proteins, channel proteins, transport proteins, and lipid fixation proteins , 2 or more types or 3 or more types (eg, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10 species, 2 to 8 species, 2 to 6 species, 2 to 5 species, 2 to 4 species, 2 to 3 species, 3 to 10 species 3 to 8 species, 3 to 6 species, 3 to 5 species, or 3 to 4 species). In one embodiment, the first protein is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RT) (eg, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ErbBl), HER2 (Human E idermal growth factor receptor 2 protein). ErbB2), HER3 (Human Epidermal growth factor receptor 3 protein; ErbB3), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGF); MET, platelet-derived growth factor receptors; PDGFR such as PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta, etc.), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFRs such as VEGFR1, VEGFR2, VEGFR3, etc.), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptors (IGF1R) ), Ephrin receptors, Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs such as FGFR1, FGFR2, etc.), insulin-like growth factor receptors (Insulin— like Growth Factor Receptor, IGFR such as IGF1R, etc., c—KIT, RET receptor tyrosine kinase.Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), etc.); Toll-like receptors (eg, TLRl ^' , TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLRll, TLR12, TLR13); G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR); transferrin receptors; Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) receptors; R0S1; BCR-Abll fusion protein; Non-receptor type kinase (eg BRAF, MEK (Mitogen activating protein kinase kinase), Src, PI3K (Phosphoinosi tide 3_) kinase), CD (Cycl in-dependent kinases; such as CD 4, CDK6, etc.); GTPases. (Eg KRAS, etc.); Hormone receptors (eg, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), etc.); Anti-apoptotic proteins (eg B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-2-like protein 11 (BIM); Immune checkpoint proteins (eg CTLA — Cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated antigen 4, PD-1 (programmed death 1), PD-L1

(programmed death-1 igand 1) and the like), one or more, two or more or three or more selected from the group consisting of (eg, 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1) To 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3 , 3 to 10 species, 3 to 8 species, 3 to 6 species, 3 to 5 species, or three kinds of internal weaving 4), but is not limited thereto.

The “hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET or c—Met)” refers to receptor tyrosine kinase that binds to hepatocyte growth factor. The c-Met protein may be derived from any species, for example human c-Met (eg NP- 000236.2), monkey c_Met (eg Macaca mulatta, NP_001162100) or the like, or mouse c- Rodents such as Met (eg NP-032617.2), rat c_Met (eg NP_113705.1), and the like. The protein includes, for example, a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence provided in GenBank Aceession Number VIII—000245.3, or a protein comprising an amino acid sequence provided in GenBank Aceession Number NP 300236.2, or an extracellular domain thereof. Receptor tyrosine kinase c-Met is involved in various mechanisms, for example, cancer development, cancer metastasis, cancer cell migration, cancer cell infiltration, neovascularization process.

The "Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)", the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 protein (HER3) are EGFR (HERD, HER2, HER3 and Is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) of the HER family consisting of HER 4. Binding of ligands to the extracellular domain of EGFR, HER2, or HER3 induces receptor homo- or hetero-dimerization with other ErbB receptors Which is intracellular of specific tyrosine residues Causes autophosphorylation. EGFR autophosphorylation leads to downstream signaling networks including MAPK and PI3K / Akt activation that affect cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Overexpression, gene amplification, mutation, or rearrangement of EGFR, HER2, and / or HER3 is frequently observed in many types of human malignancies and is associated with poor prognosis and poor clinical outcome of cancer treatment. For this reason, these EGFR, HER2, and / or HER3 are important targets in anticancer therapy. The EGFR, HER2, or HER3 may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, rodents such as mice and rats. For example, the EGFR is GenBank Accession Nos. It may be a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in JQ739160, JQ739161, JQ739162, JQ739163, JQ739164, JQ739165, JQ739166, JQ739167, 画 _005228.3, 匪 _201284.1, NM_201282.1, or NM 201283.1 and the like. For example, the HER2 is GenBank Accession No. It may be a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in X03363.1 and the like. Eg HER3 is GenBank Accession Nc). May be a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in 001982 and the like.

The "Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR)" is also present in vascular endothelial growth factor normal cells, and in particular in combination with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted from cancer cells angiogenesis Overexpression of VEGFR causes various diseases and is particularly involved in the development of cancer, as well as in poor prognosis such as invasion, metastasis, etc. For this reason, VEGF is important in chemotherapy. The VEGFR may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, rodents such as mice, rats, etc. For example, the VEGFR may be derived from a nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in GenBank Accession Number AF063657.2 or the like. It may be a polypeptide encoded by.

The platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are one of the surface receptor tyrosine kinases and are associated with many diseases that cause cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell growth and the like and cause cancer. It may be derived from mammals such as primates, mice, rodents of rats, etc. For example, the PDGFR is GenBank Accession Nos. NM— 006206.4 (PDGFR-A), NM_002609.3 (PDGFR-B) ， NM— by nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in 016205.2 (PDGFR-C), etc. It may be an encoded polypeptide.

The "Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF! R)" is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by one of the receptor tyrosine kinase disorders and insulin-like growth factor l (IGF-1). The IGF1R may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, and rodents such as mice and rats. For example, the IGF1R is GenBank Accession No. VIII—can be a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in 000875.3 et al.

The "ephrin receptors" are one of the surface receptor tyrosine kinase and regulate embryogenic processes such as axon guidance, format ion of tissue boundaries, cell migration, and segmentation. The ephrin receptor may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, rodents such as mice and rats. For example, the ephrin receptor is GenBank Accession Nos.匪 _004440.3, NM— 004438.3, 匪 — 004431.3, 匪 _004442.6, NM_017449.3, 匪 _004093.3, 匪 _004441.4, —— 182472.2, 匪 _005232.4, NM — 005233.5, 匪 _173641.2, 醒 _001099439 .1, 蘭一 001080448.2, NM_001080448.2, Li _004443.3, 匪 ᅳ 182689.1, NM_004428.2, 匪 _004439.5, NM_001962.2, NM— 004429.4, 匪 — 182644.2, NM_004952.4, NM — 173655.2, 丽It may be a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in — 182690.2, Li_020526.3, NM_001406.3, Z_005227.2, 182685.1 and the like.

The "transferrin receptors" are carrier proteins of transferrin that are involved in the intracellular migration of iron through receptor-mediated endocytosis and regulate intracellular iron concentrations. The transferrin receptor may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, rodents such as mice and rats. For example, the transferrin receptor is GenBank Accession Nos. It may be a polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided in 匪 001001148.1, 匪 _003234.2, NM 001206855.1, 匪 _003227.3, BC001188.1, M11507.1 and the like.

The "Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor" is a carrier protein of transferrin, which is involved in intracellular migration of iron through receptor-mediated endocytosis and regulates intracellular iron concentration. The LDL receptor is derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, and rodents such as mice and rats. It may be derived. For example, the transferrin receptor is GenBank Accession Nos. NM-000527.4, VIII_001195802.1, VIII-001195799.1, NM_001195803.1, NM X) 1195800.1, NM_001195798.1, etc., may be polypeptides encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided.

The "cluster of differentiation (cluster of differentiation; cluster of designation; CD)" is a protein that acts variously as a receptor or a ligand, about 350 known in humans, cell signaling, cell adhesion It is involved in various cellular processes such as. The surface differentiation antigens may be derived from mammals such as humans, primates such as monkeys, rodents such as mice and rats. For example, the surface differentiation antigens may be all CD family, in particular CD44, CD 147, or variants thereof associated with cancer metastasis, more specifically GenBank Accession Nos. (NM_000610.3, NM— 001728.3, X55150.1), etc., may be a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequence (mRNA) provided.

The "G-prote in-coupled receptors;

GPCR) "is a transmembrane receptor protein that activates signal transduction pathways and cellular responses and is involved in a variety of diseases. GPCR is a large family of proteins that is divided into six classes based on sequence homology and functional similarity. Can be classified as: Class A or Rhodopsin-like receptors; Class B or Class 2 (Secret in receptor family); Class C or Class 3 (Metabotro ic glutamate / pheromone); Class D or Class 4 (Fungal mat) ing pheromone receptors; Class E. or Class 5 (Cyclic AMP receptors); and Class F or Class 6 (Frizzled / Smoothened) The GPCRs are derived from mammals such as primates such as humans, monkeys, and rodents such as mice and rats. For example, GPCRs are chemokine receptors (Rhodopsin-like receptor subfamily) involved in cancer metastasis, such as CXC chemokine receptors, CC Mocha receptor, CX3C chemokine receptor, and the like, may be more specifically GenBank Accession Nos. NM- 001123041.2, 匪 _005201.3 NM_005508.4, NM_016602.2 polypeptide encoded by the nucleotide sequence (mRNA) or the like is provided.

As described above, the second protein is involved in a sub-path of the biosignal pathway of a cell or tissue in which the selected first protein is involved. Among the proteins, at least one, at least two, or at least three (eg, from 1 to 10, 1 to 8, 1 to 6, 1 to 5, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 2 to 10, 2 to 8, 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, 2 to 3, 3 to 10, 3 to 8 , 3 to 6, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4) may be selected. The signaling pathways of cells or tissues such as human cells or tissues and the proteins involved therein are relatively well established (Untangling the ErbB signaling network, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2, 127 (2001); Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, see Cell 141, 1117 (2010)), when the first protein is selected, selecting a protein involved in the downstream signaling pathway is of ordinary skill in the art. It is clear to him.

In addition, "the second protein is involved in the lower signaling pathway of the first protein" means that the second protein is directly related to the crab protein on the signaling pathway in which the first protein transmits the signal at the upper level. Means that the protein is selected from both a protein that interacts with and a protein that interacts indirectly with the first protein through one or more proteins.

It is also well known that one protein is involved in various biological signaling pathways, so that multiple signaling pathways can form a network. Thus, when the first protein is two or more, one or more of the second proteins for any one first protein may overlap one or more of the second proteins for the other first protein (s) (ie If there are two or more first proteins, the second proteins for these two or more first proteins may be different, some or all of the same).

In one embodiment, the first protein may be one or more selected from the group consisting of EGFR, MET, HER2, and HER3, the second protein for each first protein may be the same or different from each other, each independently Phospholipase C (PLC) (eg, PLC— gamma (PLC-gamma 1) (eg, GenBank Accession No. NP — 002651.2, NP— 877963.1, NP — 037319.1, etc.), or SH2 domains thereof (Src homology 2 domain : At least one of an N—terminal SH2 domain and a C-terminal SH domain; for example, the 545th to 765th amino acid sequence site in NP—037319.1 or the 540th or 545th to 765th amino acid in NP_002651.2 Sequence sites, etc.), Growth factor receptor-binding protein: Grb; eg, Grb2 (eg, GenBank Accession No. NP_002077.1, NP_987102.1, etc.) or portions thereof (eg, SH2 domain (from 57th of NP_002077.1) Amino acid sequence region of position 155), SH3_N-SH2 domain (amino acid sequence region of the first to 154th regions of NP_002077.1), and SH2-SH3_C domain (amino acid sequence region of positions 57-217 of NP—002077.1) Phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit al ha; PIK3R1; p85-alpha; e.g. GenBank Accession No. NP— 001229395.1, NP— 852556.2, NP_852664.1, NP_852665 .1, P26450.2, etc.) or its SH2 domain (e.g., SH2_N domain (333-428 amino acid sequence site) of the P— 852664.1 (human p85a), SH2) _C domain (624-718) Amino acid sequence sites), Is the tandem SH2 domain (333-718 amino acid sequence site); or the SH2_N domain (333-428 amino acid sequence site) of the P26450 (mouse p85a), SH2_C domain (amino acid sequence 624-718). Sequence site) or tandem SH2 domain (333-718 amino acid sequence site), and the like, but may be one or more selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto.

In the embodiments provided herein, in the case of lung cancer, a combination of EGFR, MET, HER2, and HER3 is used as the first protein, and PLC-ga? A 1, Grb2, and p85_alpha was used, and in the case of breast cancer, a combination of HER2 and HER3 is used as a crab protein, and PLC- gamma 1, Grb2, and p85-alpha are used as a common second protein of these first proteins. The present invention is not limited thereto, and may be appropriately selected according to the therapeutic agent to know the disease or effect to be treated based on the above description, which is obvious to those skilled in the art. to be.

Measuring the protein-protein interaction between the first protein and the second protein carried out in the methods provided herein may be performed in vitro or extracellularly Un / / ο) for isolated cells or tissues have.

Measuring the protein-protein interaction between the first protein and the second protein may comprise the following steps:

(1) A test sample containing a first protein, the surface of the first protein Preparing a substrate to which the first protein is immobilized by adding to a substrate including a specifically binding substance;

(2) reacting the prepared first protein by adding 12 labeled proteins (labeled with bound materials) to the substrate to which the prepared first protein is immobilized;

(3) measuring the signal from the semi-coal water obtained in step (2)

(Measures protein-protein interactions); and

(4) measuring the activation level of the first protein using the signal measured in step (3). .

Measuring the activation level of the first protein using the signal measured in step (3) (4) is the first protein in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) It may be a step of obtaining a signal value for the unit amount.

In one example, step (4),

Using the signal measured in step (3) to obtain a signal value for the first protein unit amount in the test sample added in step (1), or

(4-1) obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (protein-protein interaction level measurement); And

(4-2) Obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein included in the test sample by using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in the step (4-1) (Measurement of activation level)

Contains

can do.

In order to measure (identify, determine or analyze) the desired matter using the protein-protein interaction between the measured first protein and the second protein, after step (4),

(5) The method may further include comparing the result obtained in step (4) with the result obtained in the reference sample.

The above steps are described in more detail below:

Step (1): preparing the substrate to which the first protein is immobilized

Step (1) is performed by adding a test sample containing a first protein to an organ including a substance that specifically binds to the first protein on its surface. In this step, a protein-fixed substrate is prepared.

The first protein is as described above.

The test sample may be any biological sample that can be used to test the reactivity of a drug that targets the activation protein of a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue.

For example, the test sample can be a cell, tissue, lysate lysate, or extract, or body fluid (eg, blood (whole blood, plasma, or serum), saliva, etc.) isolated from an individual. The subject is tested for the activation of signaling pathways in cells or tissues in which the C protein is involved, for reactivity with a drug targeting the first protein, for determining whether the first protein is suitable for treatment, the first protein Monitoring of a targeted therapeutic effect, and / or selection of an effective first protein targeted therapeutic agent, and the like, and all mammals (eg, primates such as human monkeys, rodents such as mice, rats, etc.). In one example, the subject may be a patient with a disease associated with the first protein. The disease associated with the first protein may be a disease associated with overexpression of the first protein or activation of signaling pathways in cells or tissues in which the first protein is involved, such as cancer. In one embodiment, the test sample is an individual cancer patient (eg, to test the degree of activation of signaling pathways in cells or tissues involved in the first protein or responsiveness to a drug targeting the first protein, or the first protein It may include cells isolated from a particular subject to determine whether it is a suitable subject for targeted treatment or to select an effective C1 protein targeted therapeutic agent, such as cancer cells. In the case of tissues, at least 125 mm ³ or more should be enough for grinding, and the amount of tissue sample required for one measurement should be in the range of about 1/50 to about 1/75 of the amount of tissues mentioned above (at least 125 議³ ). May be, but is not limited thereto. For cells (cancer cells), the amount of cell sample required for one measurement is about 10 cells to 10 ¹⁰ cells, about 10 cells to 10 ⁷ cells, about 10 cells to 10 ⁵ cells' about 10 ³ cells to 10 ¹⁰ cells, about 10 ³ cells to 10 ⁷ cells, about 10 ³ cells to 10 ⁵ cells, for example, may be about 10 ⁴ ± 50 cells, but is not limited thereto, it is a value that can be appropriately determined according to the type of cell line.

In one embodiment, for methods of predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting a first protein and / or crab 1.Selection of a subject suitable for protein target therapy, Test samples may be isolated from cells or tissues that have not undergone a treatment that targets the first protein (eg, administration of a drug that targets the first protein), or from an individual who has not performed the treatment (or administration of the drug). For methods of monitoring response to treatment of a first protein, which may be cells or tissues, the test sample may comprise a treatment that targets crab 1 protein (eg, administration of a drug that targets crab 1 protein). ) Cells or tissues) or cells or tissues isolated from the individual on which the treatment (or administration of the drug) has been performed.

The substrate may be any material and / or any structure capable of immobilizing the first protein on the surface (either crystalline or amorphous may be used). In one example, the substrate may be made of a material having a refractive index of light (about 1.3) or more, in consideration of the ease of detection of the label signal, to cause the refraction of light to occupy a large portion of the biological material. In one example, the substrate has a thickness of about 0.1 to about 1 mm, about 0.1 to about 0.5 mm, 0. 1 to about 0.25 mm, or about 0.13 to about 0.21 mm 3, the refraction is about 1.3 to about 2, about 1.3 to about 1.8, about 1.3 to about 1.6, or about 1.5 to about It may be about .54. The substrate may be any material satisfying the refraction range, for example, may be obtained from a material selected from the group consisting of glass (refractive index: about 1.52), quartz, and the like, but is not limited thereto. It may have all the forms commonly used in, for example, well type, slide type, channel type, array form, microfluidic chip, microtubules (capillaries) and the like, but is not limited thereto. When the fluorescence microscope is observed, the cover glass may be mounted on the substrate to which the sample is applied, and the cover glass may be made of the same material as described above, and the thickness may be thinner than or less than the range described on the substrate (eg, refractive index 1.52, Thickness may be, but is not limited to. The substance that specifically binds to the first protein may be selected from all substances that can specifically bind to the first protein, for example, an antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof (eg, that specifically binds to the first protein). , ScFV, (scFv) 2, scFv-Fc, Fab, Fab 'and F (ab') 2, etc.), aptamers (protein or nucleic acid molecules), small molecule compounds, etc. of the antibody. . At this time, the substance specifically binding to the first protein does not interfere with the interaction between the first protein and the crab 2 protein The site, ie, the site where the first protein and the second protein do not interact (bind), may be one that binds to the crab protein.

In one example, the substrate is suitably surface modified to include (fix) to a surface a biological material (eg, an antibody, etc.) that specifically binds to the first protein, or is specific to the first protein directly on the surface. The binding material may be fixed. When the substrate is surface modified, the substrate can be treated (eg applied) with any compound having a functional group capable of immobilizing on one surface a biological substance (eg, an antibody, etc.) that specifically binds to the first protein. For example, it may be treated with a compound containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde group, carboxyl group and amine group. In one embodiment, the compound containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde group, carboxyl group and amine group is biotin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), biotin combined bovine serum albumin, polyethylene glycol (polyethylene glycol; PEG), biotin-bound PEG (plyethyleneglycol-biotin; PEG ᅳ biotin), polysorbate (eg, Tween20) may be one or more selected from the group consisting of, but is not limited thereto. The surface-treated substrate may be further treated (eg, applied) by one or more selected from the group consisting of neutravidin, streptavidin, avidin, and the like.

Step (2): reacting the first protein with the second protein

Step (2) is a step of adding a second protein labeled on the substrate on which the prepared first protein is immobilized.

The second protein is as described above.

The labeled second protein may be labeled with a labeling substance that generates a detectable signal for the second protein (eg, the labeling substance is, for example, chemically (eg, covalent or non-covalent), recombinant, or physically bound) ), Which may mean a form to which a tag to which a labeling substance may be bound is attached. The detectable signal may be selected from all signals (eg light, radiation, etc.) that can be measured through conventional enzymatic reactions, fluorescence, and / or radiation detection. The labeling substance may be at least one selected from the group consisting of all small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, nucleic acid molecules, etc. capable of generating the label signal, and for example, fluorescent dyes (small molecule compounds; Cyanine, Alex, Dylight, Fluoprobes, etc.). ), Fluorescent proteins (eg Green fluorescent protein (GFP, enhanced GFP), yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), blue fluorescent protein (BPF), red fluorescent protein (RPF), etc.) . The tag may be at least one selected from all types commonly used, such as Hi s-tag I Ni-NTA. In order to enable accurate and easy detection without generating noise, the concentration of the labeling substance may be appropriately determined in the range of about luM or less, for example, InM to ΙΟΟΟηΜ, InM to 500nM, InM to ΙΟΟηΜ, ΙΟηΜ to ΙΟΟΟηΜ, ΙΟηΜ to 500 nM, or ΙΟηΜ to ΙΟΟηΜ, but may be about ^' but not limited thereto. Signals generated from such labeling materials can be measured by all signal detection means (e.g., conventional fluorescence microscopes, fluorescence cameras, fluorescence intensity measurement (quantitative) devices, etc.) commonly used to detect or measure them.

In order to more accurately measure the interaction between the first protein and the second protein, the reaction takes place between the reaction step (step (2)) and the subsequent protein-protein interaction measurement step (step (3)). It may further comprise the step of washing in a conventional manner.

Step (3): measuring protein-protein interactions

Step (3) is the step of measuring the signal from the reactants obtained in step (2). The signal measurement may be any means capable of detecting (or measuring or confirming) a label signal used in step (2) (e.g., a signal measurable by conventional methods such as enzyme reaction, fluorescence, luminescence or radiation detection). Can be performed using.

In one example, the protein-protein interaction measurement in step (3) may be by real time analysis.

In one example, when the label signal is a fluorescence signal, the signal detection may be performed by supplying a light source absorbed by a label material generating the fluorescence signal, for example, a fluorescence microscope, a fluorescence camera and / or a fluorescence signal. The intensity measurement (quantitative) device or the like may be used to image and / or quantify.

In one embodiment, when the signal is a fluorescence signal, the fluorescence signal may be imaged and / or quantified using a fluorescence camera.

If the signal is a fluorescent signal, step (3) (protein-protein interaction measurement step) (i) supplying a light source to the reactants of step (2); And

(i i) detecting the fluorescent signal generated by the supplied light source.

The step of supplying the light source of step (i) is a step of supplying the light source to the reaction product of the first protein and the second protein obtained in the step (2), if this object can be achieved, the timing of supply of the light source There is no special limitation. For example, the light source may be continuously supplied from before, simultaneously, or after step (1) to after step (2), or may be supplied only for a predetermined time immediately before, simultaneously, or immediately after step (2), but is not limited thereto. It is not.

The light source may be any light source having a wavelength corresponding to a fluorescent signal, for example, a laser, a halogen lamp, or the like.

The wavelength of the light source may be adjusted according to the fluorescent signal used, and may be selected, for example, in the range of about 300 nm to about 600 nm or about 350 nm to about 560 nm. More specifically, the green fluorescent protein absorbs about 480 nm, the yellow fluorescent protein absorbs about 540 nm, the blue fluorescent protein absorbs about 375 nm, and the cyan fluorescent protein absorbs about 425 nm. When used, the wavelength of the light source is about 460 to about 500 nm, when using yellow fluorescence as a fluorescence signal, the wavelength of the light source is about 520 to about 560 nm, when using blue fluorescence as a fluorescence signal the wavelength of the light source is about 350 To about 400, the wavelength of the light source may be selected in the range of about 400 to about 450 kHz when cyan fluorescence is used as the fluorescent signal.

In one embodiment, the protein-protein interaction measurement step (3) is a light source using a Total Internal Reflective Fluorescence (TIRF) mi croscope or a confocal microscope or the like, a conventional method It can be performed by observing a fluorescent signal. In another example, the total reflection fluorescence microscope is equipped with a fluorescence camera for signal imaging, such as an electro-charged charge-cou led deviation (EMCCD) camera or a complementary metal oxi de semi conductor (CMOS) camera. Thus, imaging and / or quantification of the light source supply and the fluorescence signal can be performed.

The following describes, in detail, the case where the step of measuring the protein-protein interaction of step (3) is performed using a total reflection microscope and a fluorescence camera, for example: A) The substrate of step (1) or step (2) is mounted on a total reflection microscope. In the total reflection microscope, the supply position of the light source is generally downward, and depending on the type of total reflection microscope, the fluorescence signal is transmitted above the substrate (in this case, from the bottom to the top, the light source supply unit, the substrate, the lens, or the substrate, the light source supply unit, In order) or from below (in this case, from bottom to top, in the order of lens, light source supply, substrate, or light source supply, lens, substrate, or lens, substrate, light source supply) Can be observed. B) The light source can be a laser, the intensity of the light source being from about 0.5 mW to about 5 mW, from about 0.5 mW to about 4.5 mW, from about 0.5 mW to about 4 mW, from about 0.5 mW to about 3.5 mW, from about 0.5 mW to about 3 mW, about 0.5 mW to about 2.5 mW, about 0.5 mW to about 2 mW, about 1 mW to about 5 mW, about 1 mW to about 4.5 mW, about 1 mW to about 4 mW, about 1 mW to about 3.5 mW , About 1 mW to about 3 mW, about 1 mW to about 2.5 mW, about 1 mW to about 2 mW, about 1.5 mW to about 5 mW, about 1.5 mW to about 4.5 mW, about 1.5 mW to about 4 mW, about From 1.5 mW to about 3.5 mW, from about 1.5 mW to about 3 mW, from about 1.5 mW to about 2.5 mW, or from about 1.5 mW to about 2 mW, such as about 2 mW, the wavelength of the light source being fluorescent as described above. It may be appropriately selected depending on the signal or label material used, and / or the configuration of the equipment (e.g., a light source having a high intensity when using an attenuation filter).

C) The fluorescent signal generated by the light source supply may be photographed and / or quantified by a fluorescent camera.

The imaging (or imaging) of the fluorescence signal may be performed simultaneously with the light source supply or within the signal generation sustaining time in consideration of the fluorescent signal generation sustaining time (lifetime) of the labeling substance.

In capturing (or imaging) a fluorescence signal with a fluorescence camera (eg, an EMCCD camera), the exposure time per frame, laser power, camera gain value, total shot frame, and the like can be appropriately adjusted. For example, a signal that accumulates in one frame may be shortened as the exposure time per frame is shortened. In order to offset this, the laser power may be increased or the sensitivity of the fluorescent camera may be increased. In one example, the exposure time per frame is about 0.001 seconds to about 5 seconds, about 0.001 seconds to about 3 seconds, about 0.001 seconds to about 2 seconds, about 0.0 2 seconds to about 1 second, about 0.001 seconds to about 0.5 seconds, About 0.0 2 seconds to about 0.3 seconds, about 0.0 2 seconds to about 0.1 seconds, about 0.01 seconds to about 5 seconds, about 0.01 seconds to about 3 seconds, about 0. 2 seconds to about 2 seconds, about 0.01 seconds to about 1 second, about 0.01 seconds to about 0.5 seconds, about 0.01 seconds to about 0.3 seconds, about 0. 2 seconds to about 0.1 seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 5 seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 3 Seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 2 seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 1 second, about 0.05 seconds to about 0.5 seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 0.3 seconds, about 0.05 seconds to about 0.1 seconds ᅳ about 0.07 seconds to about 5 seconds, From about 0.07 seconds to about 3 seconds, about 0.07 seconds to about 2 seconds, about (07 seconds to about 1 second, about 0.07 seconds to about 0.5 seconds, about 0.07 seconds to about 0.3 seconds, about 0.07 seconds to about 0.1 seconds, about 0.1 seconds to about 5 seconds, about 0.1 seconds to about 3 seconds, about 0.1 seconds to about 2 seconds, about 0.1 seconds to about 1 second, about 0.1 seconds to about 0.5 seconds, or about 0.1 Seconds to about 0.3 seconds, such as about 0.1 seconds, but is not limited thereto.

For example, when using an EMCCD camera, photons generated from a labeling substance (eg, eGFP) are converted to electrons through the device of the EMCCD and measured (photoelectric effect). In this case, the number of electrons generated per photon may be changed through a gain value. The higher the gain setting, the more electrons per photon, the higher the sensitivity of the EMCCD and the higher the background noise, so the signal-to-noise ratio is important. In one embodiment, to obtain a good signal-to-noise ratio, the gain value is about 10 to about 100, about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 50, about 20 to about 100, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 50, about .30 to about 100, about 30 to about 80, about 30 to about 60, or about 30 to about 50, such as about 40 However, the present invention is not limited thereto and may be appropriately selected in consideration of camera sensitivity, lifespan, equipment construction status, noise, test conditions, and the like.

Multiplying the total number of shot frames by the exposure time yields the total shot time (exposure time * total shot frame number = shot time). Since the fluorescence signal disappears after the lifetime of the fluorescent material, the total number of photographing frames and / or exposure time may be adjusted so that the photographing time proceeds within the emission time. In order to increase the accuracy of the protein-protein interaction measurement results, one or more of the above imagings, such as at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least seven, or at least ten (the upper limit is the size of the substrate). And the number of spots (also referred to as ΡΡ 나타난 complex) where the signal is obtained, which is performed on a substrate of one or more channels (each channel comprising two or more substrates) including the same, and determined according to an imageable area. To quantify fluorescent signals This can be seen as a quantification of protein-protein interactions.

In another example, the protein-protein interaction may be quantified by quantifying the fluorescence intensity measured in step (3) using conventional equipment.

When two or more kinds of the first protein and / or the second protein are used, steps (1) to (3) may be performed for each first protein and second protein combination, respectively (ie, step (1) To (3) may be repeated by the number of first protein and second protein combinations).

Step (4): measuring the activation level of the first protein

The step of measuring the activation level of the first protein in step (4) is performed by using the signal measured in step (3) as a signal value for the unit amount of the first protein in the test sample added in step (1). score) may be obtained.

As used herein, "activation of a first protein" means interaction (coupling) of a first protein with a second protein, and "activation level of the first protein" is defined as the second protein of the first protein. Refers to the degree of interaction (binding), and "activated first protein" may refer to a first protein that has interacted (bound) with a second protein.

The signal value for a unit amount of low U protein refers to the signal value (quantified value of the signal or signal intensity) measured in step (3) for the unit weight or concentration (eg lug / ml) of the first protein. In a sense,

(a) dividing the signal value measured in step (3) by the weight or concentration of the first protein in the test sample, or

(b) the increase in signal value measured in step (3) with increasing first protein weight or concentration in the test sample (i.e., the weight or concentration of crab 1 protein in the test sample as X-axis, measured in step (3) Can be obtained by obtaining the signal of the graph obtained by making the signal value y.

The present specification suggests that the proportion of activated protein 1, rather than the amount of the first protein in the sample, correlates more significantly to the drug response that targets the first protein in the subject from which the sample is derived. That is, even if the level of the first protein in the sample is low (that is, at least the amount), if the ratio of the activated first protein (activation level: act ivat ion score) is high, Drug reactivity is remarkably superior compared to the case where the ratio is low (see FIGS. 19 and 20). Accordingly, the present invention measures protein-protein interactions and measures them as values for the first protein unit amount. Calculations (divided by the first protein amount) provide more accurate information in determining drug response.

The step of measuring the activation level of the first protein of step (4) is

(1) dividing the signal value measured in step (3) by the weight or concentration of the first protein in the test sample added in step (1), or directly

(ii) dividing the signal value measured in step (3) by the weight or concentration of the test sample added in step (1) to obtain a signal value for a unit amount of the test sample (protein-protein interaction level measuring step) (4-1), and the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1) divided by the weight or concentration of the first protein in the test sample added in step (1) contained in the test sample The signal value for the unit amount of the first protein can be obtained through the step (activation level measurement) (4-2).

Protein—Steps to Measure Protein Interaction Levels (4-1)

The protein-protein interaction level measurement step of step (4-1) is a step of obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3).

The protein-protein interaction level can also be expressed as protein-protein interaction strength (PPI strength), using the signal measured in step (3) signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) By obtaining this, errors due to test sample conditions such as the amount of test sample used can be reduced.

Obtaining the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3), the signal measured in step (3) is the amount (concentration or weight) of the test sample. Or by determining the slope of the graph obtained by making the signal measured in step (3) the y-axis and the amount (concentration or weight) of the test sample added in step (1) the X-axis.

When two or more kinds of the first protein and / or the second protein are used, the step of measuring protein-protein interaction level may be performed for each protein combination.

If there are two or more second proteins (downst ream protein), the sum of the PPI st rength obtained for each second protein, as expressed in the following formula, is determined by the protein-protein interaction level (PPI score). Can: S Cum of _D P _D PI _T ^First Protein DT

Test sample = V> ^ (PDPI s ₊ treng ₊ th 、) _k first protein

k = ： second protein

If the first protein is two or more, the sum of the PPI scores obtained for each first protein can be determined as the protein-protein interaction level (PPI score).

In another example, the obtained protein-protein interaction level (PPI strength or PPI score) is normalized so that the protein-protein interaction level of the reference sample described below is 1, so that the PPI strength of the test sample is determined by the PPI of the reference sample. It can be expressed as a relative value of strength.

Activation Level Measurement Step (Step 4 or 4-2)

Step (4) (when measuring the activation level directly without the protein _: protein interaction level (PPI score) measurement step described above) or step (4-2) is obtained in step (3) It is a step of calculating the value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample by using the signal value or the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1). In the present specification, the result obtained in step (4) or step (4-2) is referred to as an activation level (or activation score).

The activation level is obtained by dividing the signal value obtained in step (3) or the protein-protein interaction level obtained in step (4- 1) by the amount of protein 1 contained in the test sample. The degree of activation of the first protein can be measured more accurately by enjoying the error due to the amount and / or distribution.

The methods provided herein may further comprise measuring the amount of the first protein in the test sample. The step of measuring the amount of the first protein in the test sample may proceed before or simultaneously with performing step (4) or step (4-2).

The amount of the first protein can be measured by all conventional methods, for example, conventional immunoblotting (eg, quantitative western blotting), EL ISA (enzyme— 1 inked immunosorbent assay; direct assay, indirect assay sandwich assay, etc.) It may be measured using such as, but is not limited thereto. In one example, the first protein may be quantified by adding a detecting antibody labeled on the substrate to which the first protein is immobilized and measuring a signal generated from the label, but is not limited thereto. When using two or more types of giant U protein and / or second protein, the activation level measurement step may be performed for each combination of the first protein and the crab 2 protein, respectively. ^'

If there are two or more downstream proteins, use the sum of the PPI strengths obtained for each second protein or the protein-protein interaction level (PPI score) derived from the sum of the PPI strengths as described above. The activation score can be determined, or the sum of the activation scores obtained for each of the 12 low proteins can be determined to determine the activation score for the two or more second proteins.

If the first protein is two or more, as described above, the activation level (using the protein-protein interaction level (PPI score) obtained from the sum of the PPI strengths obtained for each first protein or the sum of the PPI strengths ( activation score), or the sum of the activation scores obtained for each crab protein may be determined as an activation score for the two or more first proteins.

In another example, the obtained activation level may be normalized such that the activation level of the reference sample described below is 1, and the activation level of the test sample may be represented as a relative value with respect to the activation level of the reference sample.

Step (5): comparing with reference sample

Step (5) is based on the result (protein-protein interaction level (PPI score) or activation score (Activation score)) obtained in step (4) or step (4-1) or step (4 score2). The result obtained is compared with the protein-protein interaction level (PPI score or activation score).

The reference sample may be appropriately selected according to the object of the invention. For example, in the case of a method of measuring (or confirming or determining or analyzing the activation of a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue) or providing information for measuring the activation, the reference sample may be (1) normal cells, and / or (2) first (Identified) cells (eg normal cells or cancer cells) with known degree of activation of the signaling pathways involved in the protein, and / or (3) known (identified) levels of activation of the signaling pathways involving the first protein. Cells (eg, normal cells or cancer cells) isolated from an individual. In one embodiment, the If the test sample contains cancer cells isolated from the subject, the test sample may include cancer cells isolated from the subject and normal cells of the same tissue or the same organ.

As used herein, the term "normal cell" may refer to any cell in a non-pathological state, wherein the "non-pathological state" is not a disease state, a mutation, tumor formation, functional And / or may not be a condition that can cause a disease having a morphological abnormality, etc. For example, the normal cell may be a cell that does not have a disease associated with the first protein or the disease to be treated of the drug to be tested, The test sample may be from the same individual or tissue as the individual or tissue from which it was derived.

In addition, in the case of a method for predicting reaction or for providing information on a prediction for a drug targeting a first protein, the reference sample may be a normal cell or a cell (e.g. , Cancer cells), or when the test sample includes cancer cells isolated from an individual, cancer cells and normal cells of the same tissue or the same organ.

In addition, in the case of a method for selecting an individual suitable for treatment targeting the first protein or providing information for selection, the reference sample may be known (the identification of effects of treatment targeting the normal cell or the first protein). a) cells (e. g., cancer) comprising or, ^"in which the test sample contains cancer cells isolated from a subject to, may be one containing the same tumor tissue or normal cells of the same organ.

In order to carry out step (5), the methods may be followed by steps (1 '), (2'), (3 '), and (4') for the reference sample, before step (5), or (I ¹ ), (2 ') ᅳ (3'), (4-1 '), and ( ⁴ — ² ') may further include:

(1 ') preparing a substrate to which the first protein is immobilized by adding a reference sample including the first protein to a fixed substrate including a substance that specifically binds to the first protein on its surface;

(2 ') adding the second protein labeled to the substrate on which the prepared first protein is immobilized to react;

(3 ') measuring a signal from the reactants obtained in step (2') (protein-protein interaction measurement); And

(4 ′) reference added in step (I ¹ ) using the measured signal Dividing by the amount of the first protein in the sample (activation level measurement)

(Or (4′1 ′) dividing by the weight or concentration of the reference sample added in the step (1 ′) using the measured signal (measurement of protein-protein interaction level) and (4-2 ′) Dividing the result obtained in the step (4-1 ') by the amount of the first protein contained in the reference sample (activation level measurement)). Details of each step are as described in each step for the test sample above.

Step 6

The method provided herein may further include, after step (5), identifying (determining) the desired matter from the comparison result obtained in step (5).

More specifically, it's as follows:

(i) measuring (or identifying, determining, or analyzing) activation of signaling pathways within a cell or tissue, or providing information for measuring activation;

Step (6) may comprise the following steps:

step. If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in (4) or (4-2) is higher than the protein—protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test sample is Identifying (determining) that the degree of activation of the signaling pathway involving the first protein in the subject individual is higher than the degree of activation of normal cells or the known (confirmed) activation in the reference sample;

If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) is equivalent to the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test sample Confirming (determining) that the activation level of the signaling pathway involving the first protein in the individual derived from is equal to the activation level of normal cells or the known (confirmed) activation level in the reference sample; And / or ^'

If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) is lower than the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test sample Confirming (determining) that the activation level of the signaling pathway involving the first protein is lower than that of normal cells or the known (confirmed) activation level in the reference sample. (ii) a method of predicting reaction or providing information to the prediction for a drug targeting a first protein

Step (6) may comprise the following steps:

If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) is higher than the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test Identifying (determining) that the response to the drug targeting the first protein of the individual from which the sample is derived is higher than the drug reactivity of the reference sample;

If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) is equivalent to the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test sample Identifying (determining) that the reactivity to the drug targeting the first protein of the individual from which is derived is equivalent to the drug reactivity of the reference sample; And / or

If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) is lower than the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the test sample Identifying (determining) that the reactivity to the drug targeting the first protein of the individual from which the subject is derived is lower than the drug reactivity of the reference sample.

The reference sample is selected to contain cells that are responsive to a drug that targets the first protein to the extent required by the test subject, such that the drug has a desired effect on the test sample or test subject from which the test sample is derived. The test sample or the subject may be selected as a normal cell to examine whether the drug specifically acts on a disease related to the first protein rather than the normal cell in the test sample or the subject. For example, when selecting a cell having reaction resistance against a drug that targets the first protein to the degree required for the test subject as the reference sample, step (6) is measured in step (4) or (4 2). If the protein—protein interaction level or activation level of the tested test sample is equal to or greater than, eg, higher than, the protein—protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample, the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived. And may have a good response to the drug targeting the first protein of and / or determining that the drug has an effect on the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived. A method of predicting or providing information for predicting responsiveness to a drug that targets the crab protein, wherein in step (6) the target protein or the first protein of the individual from which the test sample is derived If it is determined that the response to the drug is good and / or the drug has an effect on the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived, administering to the individual a drug targeting the first protein It can be included as.

In another aspect, individual tailored treatment means suitable for each individual are provided based on the above determinations. One example is excellent reaction properties against the drug targeting the first protein in step (6), comprising the drug targeting the first protein as an active ingredient, and / or the drug has an effect. Provided are pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of diseases associated with crab protein in highly determined individuals. Another example is that of a drug targeting the first protein, in a subject determined to have good reactivity with the drug targeting the first protein in step (6), and / or the drug is effective. 1 Provides use for the treatment of diseases associated with proteins. Another example is the above step _. Administering the drug targeting the first protein to a subject having good reactivity against the drug targeting the crab protein in (6) and / or the drug determined to have an effect, A method of treating a disease associated with a first protein in said subject is provided.

(i i i) A method of screening for, or providing information to, a subject suitable for treatment that targets a first protein

The reference sample comprises normal cells or cells (e.g., cancer cells) for which the effect of treatment targeting the first protein is known (e.g., cancer cells), or if the test sample comprises cancer cells isolated from an individual It may be to include a normal cell of the same tissue or the same organ.

Step (6) is equal to or greater than the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4-2) compared to the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample. For example, if high, it may include identifying (determining) the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived from a patient suitable for treatment targeting the first protein.

Therapies targeting the first protein target the first protein It may mean prescribing and / or administering a drug.

The reference sample may be one containing cells for which a treatment targeting Cage 1 protein is effective.

A method of selecting an individual suitable for treatment targeting the first protein or providing information for selection, wherein in step (6) the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived targets the first protein. If identified (determined) as a patient suitable for treatment, the subject further comprises performing a treatment targeting the first protein (eg, prescribing and / or administering a drug targeting the first protein). Can be.

In another aspect, an individual customized treatment means suitable for each individual is provided based on the identification (decision) above. An example is the treatment of a disease associated with a first protein in an individual identified as suitable for a treatment targeting the first protein in step (6), comprising the drug targeting the first protein as an active ingredient. It provides a pharmaceutical composition for. Another example provides a use of a drug targeting the low U protein for the treatment of a disease associated with a first protein in an individual identified in step (6) as suitable for the treatment targeting the first protein. . Another example is to perform a treatment targeting the first protein to an individual identified in step (6) as being suitable for the treatment targeting the first protein (e.g., prescribing a drug targeting the first protein and / or Or administering), a method of treating a disease associated with a first protein in said individual.

(iv) how to monitor or provide information for monitoring the effect of treatment targeting the first protein (reactivity of the drug targeting the first protein);

The reference sample may comprise normal cells or cells (e.g., cancer cells) known for the effect of treatment targeting the first protein, or cancer cells if the test sample comprises cancer cells isolated from an individual. It may be to include normal cells of the same tissue or the same organ.

Step (6) is equal to or greater than the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test sample measured in step (4) or (4x2) compared to the protein-protein interaction level or activation level measured in the reference sample. For example, when high, the treatment which targets a 1st protein in the test sample or the individual from which the said test sample originates is effective (for example, 1st After administration of the drug targeting the protein, identifying (determining) that the responsiveness to the drug is maintained in the administered subject or that resistance to the drug has not occurred in the administered subject) Can be. Treatment for targeting the first protein may mean prescribing and / or administering a drug targeting the first protein.

The reference sample may be one containing cells for which the treatment targeting the first protein is effective.

A method of monitoring the effect of a treatment that targets the first protein or providing information to the monitoring, the method comprising the step of (6) the treatment of the treatment targeting the first protein in the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived. If the effect is to check (determine) which exert, on said ^object, to said first continuously perform the treatment to target proteins (e.g., formulation and / or administration of the drug to the first protein target) Step or step

Confirmation (determination) in (6) that the test sample or the effect of the treatment targeting the first protein in the individual from which the test sample is derived is not exerted (e.g., reducing the therapeutic effect (drug reactivity) or obtaining resistance). If desired, stopping the treatment of targeting the first protein to a subject and / or administering another drug targeting the first protein or performing a treatment targeting a different low U protein. It may include. .

Another example includes measuring protein-protein interactions between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in signaling pathways within the cell or tissue, and the second protein is the cell or tissue The cell or tissue or individual from which the cell or tissue originates, which is a downstream protein of the first protein in a signaling pathway in the cell and wherein the step of measuring the protein-protein interaction is performed on at least two first proteins ( A method of selecting or providing information for selection of a first protein or drug that targets it as a therapeutic target suitable for application to an individual patient) is provided.

The method,

(1) preparing a substrate on which a first protein is immobilized by applying a test sample including a first protein to a substrate including a substance specifically binding to the first protein on a surface thereof;

(2) a second protein labeled on a substrate on which the prepared first protein is immobilized Adding and reacting;

(3) measuring a signal from the reactants obtained in step (2) (protein-protein interaction measurement); and

(4) obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein included in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (activation level measurement); or

(4-1) obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (measurement of protein-protein interaction level), and (4-2 ) Obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample by using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1) (activation level measurement); And

(5) comparing the results obtained in step (4) or step (4- 2) with respect to at least two first proteins

It may include.

At this time, two or more kinds selected from the proteins involved in the signaling pathway of cells or tissues are used as the first protein,

Steps (1), (2), (3) and (4), or steps (1), (2), (3), (4-1), and (4-2) are two or more first proteins Is performed for each,

The comparing step of step (5) may be to compare the results obtained for two or more kinds of crab protein. .

As a result of the comparison in step (5), the first protein having a high level of protein-protein interaction or activation is selected as a therapeutic target of the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived, or the first protein is targeted. Selecting the drug as a candidate drug for treatment of the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived (step (6)).

The terms (1) to (6) and the terms of the test sample, the first protein, the second protein and the like are as described above.

Another example includes measuring a protein-protein interaction between a first protein and a second protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in the signaling pathway within the cell or tissue and the second protein is the cell or A method for screening a candidate drug targeting a first protein, wherein the step of measuring the protein-protein interaction is a downstream protein of the first protein in a signaling pathway in the tissue, and before and after treatment with the candidate substance; or A method of confirming the efficacy of a candidate drug that targets a first protein is provided.

The method is

Treating (eg, contacting) a candidate compound with a test sample, and following steps (1), (2), (3) for each of the test sample and the treated test sample to which the candidate compound was not treated, and (5), or (1), (2), (3), (4), and (5), or (1), (2), (3), (4-1), and (5), Or (1), (2), (3), (4-1), (4-2), and (5).

(2) adding a second protein labeled on the substrate to which the prepared first protein is immobilized;

(4) obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (activation level measurement); or

(4-1) calculating the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (measurement of protein-protein interaction level), and (4-2 ) Obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample by using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1) (activation level measurement); And

(5) Each of the results obtained in the step (3), step (4), step (4-1), or step (4- 2) with respect to the test sample and the treated test sample untreated with the candidate compound Comparing each other.

The test sample and the treated test sample which have not been treated with the candidate compound mean a test sample and a test sample after the treatment of the candidate compound, respectively, or a portion of the test sample and the candidate which treated the candidate compound by dispensing a test sample. It may refer to some other test sample that has not been treated with the compound.

As a result of the comparison in step (5), if the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the test compound to which the candidate compound is treated is higher than that of the test sample to which the candidate compound is not treated, It can be selected as a candidate drug for targeting, or it can be confirmed that the candidate compound is effective as a drug for targeting the first protein.

Therefore, the screening method of the candidate drug targeting the first protein, or the method of confirming the efficacy of the candidate drug targeting the first protein, after the step (5), as a result of the comparison in the step (5), the candidate If the protein-protein interaction level or activation level of the compound-treated test sample is higher than that of the test sample untreated with the candidate compound, the candidate compound is selected as a candidate drug targeting the crab protein, or the candidate the compound may further comprise a second step to determine a _i drug to the first protein to the target to be effective (step 6).

The candidate compound may be selected from all biocompatible materials available as target drugs of the first protein, such as small molecular chemicals, proteins (eg, antibodies, antibody fragments, or the like, etc.), peptides , Nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA (eg, siRNA, microRNA, shRNA, etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid), aptamer, etc.), plant extracts, animal extracts, cell extracts, etc. It may be, but is not limited thereto.

The test sample is intended to be screened for a disease associated with the first protein, overexpressed and / or (or) activated cells (e.g., cell lysate, etc.) or tissue (e.g., tissue lysate, etc.), or the first protein. Application of Drugs Targeting Proteins (Treatment) May be isolated cells (eg, cell lysates, etc.) or tissues (eg, tissue lysates) associated with the disease of interest, and in one embodiment are established cell lines or such diseases Cells or tissues isolated from a patient suffering from (eg cancer). For example, the test sample may be a cell or tissue isolated from an established cancer cell line or cancer patient (the cancer may be related to overexpression and / or (or) activation of the first protein).

Steps (1) to (6) may be performed in / ro. The terms (1) to (6) and the terminology of the first protein, the second protein, etc. are as described above.

The method of screening a candidate drug targeting the first protein described above can be usefully applied to the efficacy assay (or identification or test) of a drug developed as a candidate drug in the development of a new drug targeting a target U protein.

_. Protein-protein interaction levels of test samples treated with candidate compounds Or if the activation level is higher than in the test sample in which the candidate compound has not been treated, selecting the candidate compound as a candidate drug targeting the first protein (step (6)).

The candidate compound may be any biocompatible material that can be used as a target drug of the first protein _. Small molecule chemicals, proteins (e.g., antibodies, antibody fragments, or analogs thereof), peptides, nucleic acid molecules (e.g., DNA, RNA (e.g., siRNA, microRNA, shRNA, etc.) ), PNA (peptide nucleic acid, aptamer, etc.), plant extracts, animal extracts, cell extracts, etc. may be selected from one or more, but is not limited thereto.

The test sample is intended to screen for diseases or diseases associated with overexpressing and / or (or) activated cells (e.g., cell lysates, etc.) or tissues (e.g., tissue lysates, etc.), or giant U proteins. Application of Drugs Targeting Proteins (Treatment) May be isolated cells (eg, cell lysates, etc.) or tissues (eg, tissue lysates, etc.) associated with the disease of interest, and in one embodiment are established cell lines or such diseases. Cells or tissues isolated from a patient suffering from (eg cancer). For example, the test sample may be a cell or tissue isolated from an established cancer cell line or cancer patient (the cancer may be related to overexpression and / or (or) activation of the first protein).

The terms (1) to (6) and the terminology, such as the first protein, the second protein, are as described above.

The method of screening a candidate drug targeting the first protein described above can be usefully applied to the efficacy assay (or identification or test) of a drug developed as a candidate drug in the development of a new drug targeting the first protein.

Another example includes measuring protein-protein interactions between a first protein and a crab 2 protein, wherein the first protein is a protein involved in signaling pathways within the cell or tissue, and the second protein is the cell or tissue A method of selecting, or providing information to, a first therapeutic protein for parallel with a target treatment of a crab protein, which is at least one selected from among downstream proteins of the crab protein, among the signaling pathways in the first protein. A method of selecting a concomitant drug for co-administration with a target drug or a method of providing information to the selection is provided.

The method is (1) preparing a substrate on which a first protein is immobilized by adding a test sample including a first protein to a substrate including a substance specifically binding to the first protein on a surface thereof; ^■

(3) measuring a signal from the reaction obtained in step (2) (protein-protein interaction measurement); And

(4) Obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein included in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (activation level ^' measurement) _. step; or

(4-1) obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) (measurement of protein-protein interaction level), and (4-2 ) Obtaining a value for the unit amount of C1 protein contained in the test sample by using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1) (activation level measurement); And

(5) comparing the results obtained in step (3), step (4), step (4-1), or step (4-2)

It may include.

The comparing step of step (5),

(a) compare the results of step (4) or step (4-2) obtained for the test sample with the results obtained for the reference sample (in this case, the reference sample is as described above, It may further include steps (2 '), (3'), and (4 '), or (2'), (3 '), (4-1'), and (4-2 ') described above. Can)

(b) The results of step (4) or step (4-2) obtained for two or more second proteins may be compared with each other.

As a result of the comparison of step (5),

(a) when the protein—protein interaction level or activation level of the step (4) or step (4-2) obtained for the test sample is higher than the reference sample, the second protein is combined with the targeted treatment of the first protein. A drug for use in combination with a target drug of the first protein, or a drug for targeting the second protein;

(b) in step (4) or step (4-2) of the two or more protein Selecting a second protein having the highest protein-protein interaction level or activation level in parallel with the targeted treatment of the first protein, or selecting a drug that targets the second protein is combined with a target drug of the first protein. It can be selected as a drug for co-administration.

Thus, a method (or a method of providing information to the selection) for selecting a combination therapeutic target for parallel with the target treatment of the first protein, or a method for selecting a combination drug for co-administration with a target drug of the first protein

(Or a method of providing information to the selection), after the step (5),

(6-1) When the protein, -protein interaction level or activation level of the step (4) or step (4-2) obtained for the test sample is higher than the reference sample, the second protein is targeted to the first protein. Parallel to Treatment Selecting a parallel therapeutic target or selecting a drug targeting the second protein as a drug for co-administration with a target drug of the first protein; or

(6-2) Among the two or more second proteins, the second protein having the highest protein-protein interaction level or activation level obtained in step (4) or step (4-2) is combined with the target treatment of crab 1 protein. Selecting the following parallel therapeutic target, or selecting the drug targeting the second protein as a drug for co-administration with the target drug of the first protein

It may further include.

In another aspect, there is provided a combination therapeutic means based on the above determination. An example is a drug targeting the first protein and a parallel therapeutic target in step (6-1) or (6-2). A pharmaceutical composition ball for concomitant administration for the treatment of a disease associated with crab 1 protein, comprising a drug targeting (eg, inhibiting) a second protein selected by the present invention. The pharmaceutical composition may be used in combination administration for the treatment of diseases associated with the first protein in the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived. Another example is crab 1 of a drug that targets the crab 1 protein and a drug that targets (eg, inhibits) a second protein selected as a concurrent therapeutic target in step (6-1) or (6-2). Provided for use in combination therapy for the treatment of diseases associated with proteins. Another example requires the treatment of diseases associated with the first protein.

In a treatment targeting the first protein (eg, administration of a drug targeting the first protein) and in step (6-1) or (6-2) above Simultaneously or sequentially performing a treatment targeting a second protein selected as a concurrent therapeutic target (eg, administering a drug targeting (eg inhibiting) the second protein) simultaneously or in any order ， Provide a method for the treatment of diseases associated with the first protein. The patient may be the test sample or the individual from which the test sample is derived.

As used herein, the term "targeting the first protein" may mean promoting or inhibiting the activity of the first protein, eg, inhibiting the activity of the crab 1 protein. have. Inhibition of the activity of the first protein binds to the zebra protein and / or degrades and / or structurally modifies the crab protein, thereby reducing intrinsic functions such as inherent biosignaling functions in cells and / or tissues. It may be to make or remove.

As used herein, the term ¹¹ drug '' means any substance exhibiting pharmacological effects, such as small molecule compounds, proteins (eg, antibodies, antibody fragments, or the like, etc.), peptides, nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA (eg, siRNA, microRNA, shRNA, etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid), aptamer, etc.), plant extracts, animal extracts, cell extracts and the like may be selected from one or more.

Small molecule compounds (small molecule) which inhibits any material, for example, the activity of the first protein to the ^'straight on, the term "drugs for the first protein with a target" as used herein, inhibit the activity of a first protein, Proteins (eg, antibodies, antibody fragments, or analogs thereof), peptides, nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA (eg, small interfering RNA), shRNA (small hairpin RNA), miRNA (microRNA), etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid, aptamer, etc.), plant extracts, animal extracts, cell extracts, etc. may be one or more selected from the group consisting of. Any substance that binds to one protein and / or degrades and / or structurally modifies the first protein to reduce or eliminate inherent functions, such as inherent biological signaling in cells and / or tissues, For example, small molecule compounds, proteins (eg, antibodies, antibody fragments, or analogs thereof) that inhibit the activity of the first protein, peptides, nucleic acid molecules (eg, DNA, RNA (eg, siRNA, microRNA, shRNA, etc.), PNA (peptide nucleic acid), aptamer, etc.), plant extract, animal extract, cell extract, etc. It may be abnormal.

In one embodiment, the "drug targeting the first protein" may mean a therapeutic agent targeting the first protein, such as a target inhibitor of the first protein. In one embodiment, the drug that targets the first protein, EGFR-targeted therapeutic agents (cetuximab, gefitinib, erlotinib, afatinib, osimertinib (AZD9291), various anti-EGFR antibodies, etc.), MET-targeted therapeutic agents (various anti—MET antibodies, Crizotinib, Cabozantinib, etc.), HER2 targeted therapeutics (trastuzumab, Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab, Lapat inib, etc.), HER3 targeted therapeutics (such as various anti-HER3 antibodies), FGFR (1, 2) targeted therapeutics (Lerwatinib, Nmtedanib Regorafenib, etc.), VEGFR (1, 2, 3) targeted therapies (Bevacizuniab, Axitinib, Lenvatinib, etc.), PDGFR targeted treatments (Axitinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, etc.), IGF1R targeted therapies (Ceritinib et al.),. c—KIT-targeted therapies (Axitinib, Cabozantinib, Dasat inib, etc.), RET-targeted therapies (Vandetanib, etc.), BRAF-targeted therapies (Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, etc.), MEK-targeted therapies (Trameti.nib, etc.), Src-targeted therapies ^■ (Bosutinib, Dasatinib, Ponat inib, Vandet nib, etc.), PI3K targeted therapies (Crizotinib, Cabozantinib, etc.), CDK (4, 6) targeted therapies (Palbociclib, Sorafenib, etc.), R0S1 targeted therapies (Ceritinib, Crizotinib, etc.), ALK targeted therapies (Ceritinib , Crizotinib, etc.), BCR-Abll targeted therapies (Bosutinib, Dasatinib, Imatinib, Nilotinib, etc.), AR targeted therapies (Abiraterone, Enza kit amide, etc.), CTLA4 targeted therapies (Ipi 1 i I mat, Tremelimumab, etc.) ， P 1 may be one or more selected from the group consisting of a target therapeutic agent (Nivolumab, etc.) and the like, but is not limited thereto.

As used herein, the term “treatment targeting a first protein” may mean any medical and / or pharmaceutical activity that inhibits the activity of the first protein, eg, as described above. A drug that inhibits the activity of the first protein may be prescribed and / or administered to a subject in need of inhibiting the activity of the first protein. There is a need for a drug that binds to the first protein and / or degrades and / or structurally modifies the first protein to reduce or eliminate inherent functions, such as inherent biosignaling functions in cells and / or tissues. It may be to prescribe and / or administer to a subject.

The administration can be carried out by oral or parenteral route. For parenteral administration, intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and endothelial Administration, local administration of the lesion site, intranasal administration, pulmonary administration, or rectal administration.

The subject, patient or subject may be any mammal, such as primates such as humans, monkeys, rodents such as mice, rats, etc., and may be patients with diseases associated with giant U proteins, for example. The disease associated with the first protein may be a disease associated with overexpression of the first protein or activation of a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue in which the first protein is involved, and may be, ^for example, cancer, inflammation, or other immune diseases. . In an embodiment, the subject, patient or subject can be a cancer patient.

The cancer may be selected from all solid and hematological cancers, for example, cancers associated with overexpression of the first protein or activation of signaling pathways in cells or tissues in which the first protein is involved. For example, the cancer includes squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, peritoneal cancer, skin cancer, skin or intraocular myeloma, rectal cancer, anal muscle cancer, esophageal cancer, small intestine cancer, endocrine adenocarcinoma, thyroid section, adrenal cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, uterine cancer, chronic or acute leukemia, lymphocytic lymphoma, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, schools subspecies, cervical cancer, ovarian ^cancer. Bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, colon cancer, endometrial or uterine cancer, salivary gland cancer, kidney cancer, prostate cancer, vulvar cancer, thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, brain cancer, etc. may be one or more selected from the group, but is not limited thereto. Such cancers may include primary cancers as well as metastatic cancers. In addition, the cancer may be a cancer that has resistance to or has acquired against existing chemotherapy.

As used herein, the term "responsiveness to a drug" refers to the drug in the subject to which the drug is administered. It can mean the degree of effectiveness.

As used herein, the term "effect" refers to a medical and / or pharmaceutical effect that a drug or treatment is intended to achieve in a subject, which prevents and / or treats a disease the subject has. And / or alleviation and / or amelioration of symptoms, etc. For example, if the drug is an anticancer agent and the treatment is an anticancer treatment, and the subject is a cancer patient, the effect is an anticancer effect (prevention of cancer and And / or therapeutic effects), wherein the anticancer effect inhibits the growth of cancer cells, as well as inhibits migration, invasion, and / or metastases is, and / Or inhibiting exacerbation of cancer, and / or reducing or eliminating resistance.

In another example, the signaling pathways within a cell or tissue described above Measurement of activation, methods of predicting response to drugs targeting the first protein, methods of monitoring response to drugs targeting the first protein, methods of selecting individuals suitable for treatment targeting the first protein, and for use in the screening method of the / or protein drug ^■ - provides an apparatus for protein interaction measured. The device for measuring protein-protein interaction may be a device for measuring activation of a signaling pathway in a tissue, a device for predicting and / or monitoring a drug targeting a first protein, and for treating a first protein. Applicable as devices for screening suitable individuals and / or devices for checking the efficacy of drugs targeting the first protein.

The device for measuring protein-protein interactions may include measuring the activation of signal transduction pathways in a cell or tissue, a method for predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting a first protein, and monitoring a reaction against a drug targeting a first protein. Applied to the methods, methods of screening individuals suitable for treatments targeting the first protein, and / or methods of drug screening, the interaction between biomolecules in a small amount of sample can be accurately and efficiently observed, analyzed, detected, And / or measurable. Devices for measuring protein-protein interactions or analytical methods using the same may be useful and effective for very small samples, such as biopsy (eg needle biopsy) samples. ' In addition, the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interactions or an analytical method using the same may accurately and efficiently observe, analyze, detect, and / or interact with various biological molecules (eg, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.) using a small amount of samples. Or can be measured.

The device for measuring protein-protein interactions,

A multi well comprising a substance for capturing the crab 1 protein that specifically binds to the crab 1 protein, and

Signal detection means

It may include.

The apparatus for measuring protein-protein interactions may include a protein (second protein) that interacts with the first protein (eg, participates in a subpath of the biosignal pathway of a cell or tissue in which the first protein is involved). It may further comprise, in one embodiment, the second protein is labeled with a labeling substance that generates a detectable signal (the labeling substance is, for example, chemical (eg, covalent or non-covalent), recombinant, or physical) , Combined) It may be in the form of a tag attached to the labeling material may be attached. Again _. In addition, the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interaction is a detection material that binds to the first protein and normalizes the signal value measured by the signal detecting means to normal i zat i on the level of the first protein. It may further comprise a labeling substance that binds to the substance. The detection material that binds to the first protein may be a biological molecule (eg, an antibody) that binds to the first protein at a site different from the capture inferiority of the first protein included in the multi-well as described above. Is a biological molecule (e.g., an antibody) labeled with a labeling substance that generates a detectable signal (e.g., the labeling substance binds, for example, chemically (e.g., covalently or non-covalently), to a detecting substance that binds to the first protein (See FIG. 6).

The multi-well included in the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interaction according to an embodiment may include a plurality of tubes having one side open or a plurality of non-perforated holes (eg, grooves formed in the support plate). ), A pipe having an open surface or a non-penetrating hole may be defined as a well, and a second structure in which a line structure having two or more wells arranged in a first direction intersects the first direction. It may mean a structure in which one exists or two or more disposed (lattice structures) (see FIG. 30). At this time, the multi-well is a sample injection portion located on the open side of the tube or non-penetrating hole, protein-protein interaction of the inside of the tube or non-penetrating hole (for example, the interaction between the first protein and the second protein And a substance for capturing the first protein (e.g., a substance specifically binding to the first protein (e.g., on the surface of at least part of the inner wall in contact with the interior of the tube or non-through hole) Antibody)) may comprise a capture ^' moiety (or substrate) of the immobilized or immobilizable first protein. In one embodiment, the multi-well comprises at least one well and a first protein comprising a reaction part (the first protein and the second protein and the reaction part: Crab 1 reaction part) in which the interaction between the first protein and the second protein occurs. It may include one or more wells including a reaction part (first protein detector: second reaction part) to which the detection material that binds the first protein binds. The detection material that binds to the giant U protein is as described above. The first protein detector may be used to measure the first protein level in the test sample and normalize the signal value measured by the signal detection means included in the device to the level of the first protein. . In one embodiment, the multiwell is formed on a support plate extending along a first direction, on the support plate, a plurality of receiving portions spaced apart from each other along the first direction, and formed on each of the plurality of receiving portions. A substrate having a through hole penetrating through the receiving portion and a plurality of receiving portions covering one end portion of the through hole in a second direction crossing the first direction, and having one surface facing the through hole facing the through hole; It may include (see Figure 27). In this case, the space formed by the through-holes spaced apart from each other and the substrate covering one end thereof may be defined as a well. As described above, in the multi-well, two or more wells may be disposed in a first direction (in a line structure). Alternatively, the present invention may refer to a structure in which two or more (lattice structures) are disposed in a first direction and a second direction crossing the first direction.

The multi well may include a plurality of wells each including one or more or two or more types of first protein capture materials, and the multi well may include a material specifically binding to two or more kinds of C1 proteins. When included, the wells each comprising a substance that specifically binds two or more first proteins may contain substances that specifically bind to different low U proteins in a first direction or in a second direction crossing the crab first direction. It may be arranged to include.

The surface of the first protein trapping portion or the surface of the substrate is a surface of any compound having a functional group capable of immobilizing the first protein trapping substance (a substance specifically binding to the first protein, for example, an antibody, etc.) on one surface of the substrate. It may be treated, for example, may be treated with at least one compound containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde group, carboxyl group and amine group. In one embodiment, the compound comprising a functional group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde group, carboxyl group and amine group is biotin, biotin-bound bovine serum al bumin, polyethylene glycol (PEG) ), May be one or more selected from the group consisting of biotin-bound PEG (polyethylene glycol-biotin; PEG- biotin in), polysorbate (e. G., Tween20) and the like, but is not limited thereto. One or more selected from the group consisting of neutravidin, streptavidin, avidin, and the like may be further treated (eg, applied) to the surface treated substrate.

An adhesive may be interposed between the substrate and the receiving portion facing each other. The adhesive may comprise an epoxy (eg, UV epoxy).

Adjacent to an area where the substrate and the receiving portion contact, may include an adhesive surrounding the substrate and the receiving portion.

The adhesive may comprise an epoxy.

The plurality of support plates may be spaced apart from each other along a third direction crossing the first direction and the second direction.

The cross section of the through hole may have a circular shape.

The accommodation portion may have a shape protruding from the support plate.

The accommodation portion and the support plate may be integrally formed.

The receiving portion and the support plate may include acrylic.

The substrate may comprise glass. ^■

The signal detecting means may be any signal detecting means commonly used according to a signal generated from the labeling material used. For example, the signal detecting means may include a signal stimulator and a signal detector, and may further include a signal analyzer configured to analyze (eg, quantify or image) the measured signal. In one example, the signal stimulus, signal detection, and signal analysis, respectively, or carried out in other parts, at least two or more of these can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially on a single ^portion, in eu one example, the label is a fluorescent In the case of a substance, the signal detecting means may be selected from all means capable of generating and detecting a fluorescent signal, for example, a fluorescent signal stimulating part (e.g., a light source), and a fluorescent signal detecting part, and / or fluorescent signal analysis It may include wealth. In one embodiment, the signal detecting means comprises a total internal reflection fluorescence microscope (TIRF) or a confocal microscope (for detecting the light source and the fluorescence signal), or in addition, the fluorescent ^! Imaging and / or quantification of the light source supply and fluorescence signal further comprising a "mera, such as an El ectron-mul t iplying charge-cou led devi ce" mercana or a complementary metal oxi de semi conductor (CMOS) mera. Can be done. The wavelength, intensity, and fluorescent camera measurement conditions (eg, exposure time per frame, laser power, camera gain value, total shooting frame, etc.) of the light source are as described above.

The signal detecting means according to the first protein, the substrate, the substance specifically binding to the first protein, the second protein, the labeling substance, and the labeling substance are As described.

The apparatus for measuring protein-protein interactions is exemplarily shown in FIGS. 27 to 30, but is not limited thereto.

According to an embodiment, there is provided a method of manufacturing a protein-protein interaction measuring device, comprising: providing a support plate extending in a first direction and disposed on a plurality of receiving parts spaced apart from each other in the first direction; And attaching the surface-treated substrate on the support plate, wherein each of the plurality of accommodating portions is formed with a through hole penetrating the accommodating portion along a second direction crossing the first direction. One surface of the substrate may cover one end portion of the through hole so that one surface of the substrate faces the through hole.

Surface treatment of the substrate as described above, in one embodiment may be carried out by treating the mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG, polyethyl ene glycol) and biotin (biot in).

The ratio of the polyethylene glycol and biotin may be 100: 1 to 100: 3 (polyethylene glycol weight: biotin weight) by weight.

On the surface-treated substrate, one or more selected from the group consisting of neutfavidin, neutavidin, st reptavidin, avidin, and the like may be further applied.

Attaching the substrate on the support plate, applying a UV epoxy to the upper surface of the receiving portion facing the substrate, covering the substrate on the receiving portion and irradiating UV toward the receiving portion from the substrate It may include a step.

In the step of irradiating the UV, a mask may be used to block the passage of the UV to the area of the substrate facing the through-hole.

Attaching the substrate on the support plate includes covering the substrate on the accommodating portion and applying a sealing material to surround the substrate and the accommodating portion adjacent to a region where the substrate and the accommodating portion contact each other. can do.

The sealing material may include an epoxy.

The apparatus for measuring protein-protein interactions provided herein is used to observe, analyze, detect, and / or measure interactions (eg, protein-protein interactions, etc.) between various biomolecules (eg, proteins, nucleic acids, etc.). It can be usefully applied.

Accordingly, another example is the interaction between biomolecules comprising contacting a sample containing a biomolecule (eg, a first protein) to be analyzed with the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interactions or with multi wells included in the apparatus. Methods of action (eg, protein-protein interactions) are provided. The analysis method may further include measuring a signal generated from a sample after the contacting. In this case, the signal may be appropriately selected from all signals (eg, fluorescence, luminescence, etc.) commonly used for biomolecule analysis, and the measurement of the signal is commonly used according to the type of signal used. Any method can be selected and performed appropriately. The biomolecule may be one or more selected from the group consisting of proteins, nucleic acids, cells, etc. isolated from the living body, for example, may be a protein. When the biomolecule is a protein, the multi-well included in the protein-protein interaction measurement device used for protein-protein interaction analysis is a molecule (eg, an antibody) that specifically binds to any one of the proteins to be analyzed on the surface. ) May be fixed.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. In the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted in order to clearly describe the present invention, and like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification.

In addition, since the size and thickness of each component shown in the drawings are arbitrarily shown for convenience of description, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the illustrated. ^'

In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. In the drawings, for convenience of description, the thicknesses of some layers and regions are exaggerated. When a part of a layer, film, region, plate, etc. is said to be "on" or "on" another part, this includes not only the other part "right over" but also another part in the middle.

In addition, throughout the specification, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, unless otherwise stated it excludes other components Rather, it means that other components may be included. In addition, throughout the specification, "on" means to be located above or below the target portion, and does not necessarily mean to be located on the upper side based on the direction of the increasing force.

Hereinafter, a multi-well included in the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interaction according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 27, but the apparatus is not limited to this structure.

FIG. 27 is a schematic perspective view of a multi well included in a device for measuring protein-protein interaction according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. Referring to FIG. 27, one example of the multi well included in the apparatus for measuring protein-protein interaction may include a support plate 155, 165, 175, a plurality of receivers 153, a through hole 151, and a substrate ( 300). In this embodiment, a through hole 151 is formed in each of the plurality of receiving portions 153 formed in the support plates 155, 165, and 175, and one end of the through hole 151 is surface treated with biotin. Substrate 300 may be covered.

Each of the support plates 155, 165, 175 is a plate member extending along the crab 1 direction (X-axis direction). The plurality of support plates 155, 165, and 175 may be spaced apart from each other at predetermined intervals along the third direction (Y-axis direction). In the present embodiment, the support plate 155, 165, 175 is described as three, but not limited to this, only one support plate may be arranged, may be arranged four or more.

Both ends of the plurality of support plates 155, 165, and 175 may be fixedly coupled to the pair of supports 110 and 130. As a result, the plurality of support plates 155, 165, and 175 can be fixed while maintaining a constant distance from each other. A plurality of receiving portions 153 may be disposed in each of the plurality of support plates 155, 165, and 175. The plurality of accommodation portions 153 may be spaced apart from each other along one direction (X-axis direction) on the support plates 155, 165, 175. In detail, the plurality of accommodation portions 153 may be spaced apart from each other at regular intervals along the first direction (X-axis direction) on the support plates 155, 165, and 175.

The plurality of accommodation parts 153 may have a protruding shape. For example, the plurality of accommodation portions ₁₅₃ may protrude from the support plates 155, 165, and 175. As shown in FIG. 1, the plurality of accommodation portions 153 may be formed on the support plates 155, 165, and 175 in the form of a cube. However, plural The shape of the accommodation portion 153 is not limited thereto, and may be disposed in various forms. In the present embodiment, the support plates 155, 165, 175 and the plurality of receiving portions 153 may be integrally formed. For example, the support plates 155, 165, 175 and the plurality of receiving portions 153 may be manufactured by laser processing one plate member.

Each of the plurality of accommodation portions 153 may have a through hole 151 penetrating through the accommodation portion 153. The through hole 151 may be formed along the second direction (Z-axis direction). In detail, the through hole 151 may have a shape penetrating from the top to the bottom in FIG. 1. However, one end of the through hole 151 may be blocked by the substrate 300. The through hole 151 may have a circular cross-sectional shape.

As described above, as one end of the through hole 151 is blocked, the receiving portion 153 may have a cylindrical well shape. By the through holes 151 formed in the plurality of receiving portions 153, a sample, for example, a protein may be accommodated in the plurality of receiving portions 153.

In one embodiment, ^'a plurality of receiving portions 153, each of the plurality of support plates (155, 165, 175) are formed, as the through-hole 151 formed in each of the receiving portion 153, a multi-well A multi well structure can be formed. The number of wells can be appropriately adjusted depending on the size of the substrate, the number of support plates and / or receivers. The size of each well is not particularly limited, but in order to facilitate the detection of interaction between biomolecules, the diameter of each well is about 2 mm or more, for example, 2 to 10 mm 2, 8 to 8 mm 2 to 6 mm 2 to 2 mm. 5 mm, 2-4 mm, or about 3 mm, and the depth of each well is at least about 1/2 times the diameter, for example, 1 / 2-5 times, 1 / 2-3 times, 1 / 2-1 It may be 2 times, 1 to 5 times, 1 to 3 times, 1 to 2 times. In addition, in order to prevent leakage and / or interference of reaction signals of each well, the distance between neighboring wells is about 5 mm or more based on the distance between well centers, and may be appropriately determined in consideration of the diameter of the well. Can be.

Meanwhile, the substrate 300 may be disposed on the plurality of accommodation portions 153. The substrate 300 may be made of a transparent material, for example, the substrate 300 may be a glass substrate.

The substrate 300 may cover one end portion of the through hole 151 formed in the plurality of accommodation portions 153. Thereby, the one side of the through hole 151 is blocked by the substrate 300, the receiving portion as described above ₍₁₅₃₎ may have the vessel _(we ll) shape have.

In one example, the substrate 300 and the receptacle 153 may be attached to each other by the adhesive (E). The adhesive (E) may be an epoxy.

The adhesive E is applied adjacent to the area where the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153 contact each other, and may be disposed to surround the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153 (eg, the adhesive E). Adhesive is applied to the outer edge of the receptacle 153 so that it does not penetrate into the through hole. In the process of bonding the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300 to each other, the receiving portion 153 receives the substrate 300 such that the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153 contact each other _. The adhesive E may be applied to surround the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153.

By applying the adhesive E to surround the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153, it is possible to prevent the adhesive E from penetrating into the through hole 151. As described above, when the adhesive (E) is made of epoxy, when the epoxy penetrates into the through hole 151, the epoxy may contact the sample contained in the through hole 151. As a result, a sample such as a protein reacts with the epoxy, and the sample or the like can be adsorbed nonspecifically. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the sample or the like accommodated in the through hole 151 from being deformed in contact with the epoxy or the like, which is the adhesive (E).

In addition, the receiving portions 153 formed on the supporting plates 155, 165, and 175 are disposed to be spaced apart from each other, so that the adhesive E can be easily applied around the respective receiving portions 153.

On the other hand, in the modification of the present embodiment, the adhesive E may be interposed between the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300. At this time, adhesive agent E is apply | coated to the accommodating part 153 or the board | substrate 300 before contacting the accommodating part 153 and the board | substrate 300 with each other. Then, contacting the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300 with each other, and irradiated with UV can cure the adhesive quickly. The adhesive (E) used may be a UV epoxy.

The adhesive E located between the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300 is not disposed inside the through hole 151. That is, the adhesive E may be arranged to enter by a predetermined distance L1. From the inner surface of the through hole 151. As the adhesive E enters the interior by a constant distance L1, it is possible to reduce the contact of the sample contained in the through hole 151 with the adhesive E. In this case, the thickness KH of the substrate 300 may be 0.17 kPa to 0.19 kPa. By the adhesive (E) ， The specific process of attaching the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300 will be described in the method of manufacturing a device for measuring protein-protein interaction.

As described above, by applying the adhesive E around the substrate 300 and the receiving portion 153, it is possible to prevent the adhesive E from penetrating into the through hole 151. When the adhesive agent E is made of epoxy, when the epoxy penetrates into the through hole 151, the epoxy may contact the sample contained in the through hole 151. As a result, a sample such as a protein may react with the epoxy, and the sample may be modified. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the sample or the like contained in the through hole 151 from being deformed in contact with the epoxy or the like, which is the adhesive (E).

The adhesive E is applied only to the receiving portion 153 in contact with the substrate 300 so that the adhesive E interposed between the engine 300 and the receiving portion 153 is not disposed inside the through hole 151. .

The UV epoxy is irradiated with UV, so that the UV epoxy hardens quickly without penetrating into the through hole 151 during curing. At this time, when irradiated with UV, the time for curing the UV epoxy can be shortened.

In this embodiment, the mask 500 can be used when irradiating uv. The mask 500 may block UV from passing through an area of the substrate 300 corresponding to the through hole 151. In more detail, as shown in FIG. 26, the mask 500 is provided with a UV blocking region at a position corresponding to the through hole 151. By such a UV blocking region, it is possible to block the UV irradiation to the region of the substrate 300 corresponding to the through hole 151. As described above, a surface treatment may be performed by mixing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with biotin in the surface of the substrate 300 facing the through hole 151. For example, the substrate 300 surface-treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and biotin (biot in) is attached to the receiving portion 153 by using an adhesive (E), and then irradiated with UV, the surface-treated substrate 300 ) May be deformed or damaged. When UV is irradiated to the substrate 300 disposed in the through hole 151, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) or biotin (viot) is damaged by UV, so that neutravidin is fixed to the substrate 300. Can be

If neutravidin is not fixed to the substrate 300, it is difficult to attach a specific biotin antibody to the substrate 300. As a result, it is impossible to capture a specific antigen capable of binding to a specific antibody, a biotin antibody. That is, According to a variant, when UV is used to quickly cure the UV epoxy, if UV is prevented from being irradiated to the area of the substrate 300 that is applied to the through hole 151, the UV is contained inside the through hole 151. A sample, for example a particular protein, may be well adhered to the substrate 300 surface.

FIG. 31 shows the case where UV irradiation is blocked in the region of the substrate 300 corresponding to the through hole 151 (this modification (A)), and when UV irradiation is not blocked (comparative example (B) ) Is the result of experiment. The horizontal axis result value of FIG. 31 is a value which shows the number of GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) detected on the surface of the board | substrate 300 relatively.

Referring to FIGS. 31A and 31B, when UV is blocked from being irradiated to a region of the substrate 300, a large amount of GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein), which is an antigen, is detected in comparison with the case where the UV is not blocked. You can check it.

As shown in FIG. 31 (A), when UV is blocked from being irradiated to the area of the substrate 300, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or biotin may be applied to the substrate 300 without being damaged. Accordingly, neutravidin may also be fixed to the substrate 300. As a result, an antibody (GFP antibody) is immobilized on the substrate 300, and the antigen GFP can be captured.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 31 (B), when UV is irradiated to the region of the substrate 300, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or biotin to be applied to the substrate 300 may be damaged. Accordingly, neutravidin also becomes difficult to be fixed to the substrate 300. As a result, the antibody (GFP antibody) cannot be immobilized on the substrate 300, so that the antigen GFP also cannot be captured.

In another example, there is provided a kit for measuring protein protein interaction comprising a multi-well comprising a substance for capturing a first protein that specifically binds to the first protein as described above. The kit for measuring protein-protein interaction is a kit for measuring the activation of a signaling pathway in a tissue, a reaction kit for a drug targeting a first protein, and / or a monitoring kit suitable for treatment targeting a first protein. It is applicable as a kit for screening an individual and / or a kit for confirming the efficacy of a drug targeting a first protein.

The device for measuring protein-protein interaction provided herein has the advantage that it can accurately and efficiently observe, analyze, detect, and / or measure the interaction between biomolecules in a small amount of sample. Therefore, the multi well Alternatively, analytical methods using the same may be useful and effective for very small samples, such as biopsies (eg, needl e bi opsy) samples.

【Effects of the Invention】

The methods provided herein can be useful as a platform for the development of a tailored treatment strategy for each patient, as it allows for the prediction of which reactions a particular target treatment will exhibit in an individual patient or the selection of a targeted treatment suitable for an individual patient. It is expected to be. [Brief Description of Drawings]

1 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring single molecule protein interaction.

2 is a graph showing the result of confirming the target protein (first protein) immobilized on the substrate. 3 is a fluorescence image showing protein interactions after injection of the fluorescently labeled interacting protein (second protein).

4 is a graph quantifying the number of PPI complex observed in FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in the number of PPI comp l ex according to the amount of injected cell lysate.

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the process of quantifying the first protein by a single molecule sandwi ch ELISA.

7 is a graph showing the specificity (spec i f i ci ty) results obtained through the single molecule sandwi ch ELISA method.

8 is a graph showing the change in the number of PPI comp lex according to the cell line type (red ① vs light blue ③) and state (red ① vs black ②).

9 is a graph showing the change in the number of PPI comp l ex for various target RTK (first protein) according to the state of the cell.

10 is a graph showing the results of calculation of the ratio of activated EGFR per cell based on the change of PPI comp l ex according to the EGFR mutation status.

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating a result of performing the same method for HER2 and HER3 in the method performed for EGFR in FIG. 10.

FIG. 12 shows the results of measuring the interaction between EGFR, MET, HER2, HER3 (first protein) and sub-signaling protein (second protein) for each cell line, and displaying the result in heatmap format. FIG. 13 is a graph (left and middle) quantitatively showing the results of FIG. 12 and a graph (right) showing the semi-ungsung results of AZD9291, a type of EGFR target anticancer agent.

FIG. 14 is a graph showing the correlation between the response (left, y-axis) and Activation score (left, x-axis) of EGFR target anticancer agent (AZD9291) and the diversity of target anticancer agent responses (right) according to the gene type.

15 is a heatmap showing the intensity of HER2 and HER3 signals in breast cancer cell lines.

FIG. 16 shows the results of measuring the expression levels of HER2 (top) and HER3 (middle), which are biomarkers previously used for predicting the reaction of trastuzLimab anticancer agents in breast cancer cell lines, and the extent to which cell growth is inhibited (bottom) by trastuzumab. It is a graph measured and shown.

17 shows PPI using HER2 or HER3 signals. This graph shows the correlation between score measurement and trastuzumab reactivity (logGI50). 18 shows EGFR, MET, HER2, and HER3 measured in PDTX mouse model.

Heatmap showing the results of PPI complex signaling with three subsignal proteins.

19 is a graph showing the result of calculating the activation score (bottom) using the results of FIG. 18 and the expression level of EGFR (upper) and the expression level of EGFR in the PDTX mouse model.

20 is a graph showing the results of measuring the change in tumor size by administering gefitinib to the PDTX mouse model.

FIG. 21 is a graph showing the correlation between tumor growth inhibition by gefitinib and EGFR activation score in PDTX mouse model.

22 is a graph showing each of the measured number of EGFR PPI complex measured result in the ^"tissue before and after the regimen to the PDTX gefitinib in a mouse model.

Device Figures 23A-23I show EGFR target inhibitor reactivity in lung cancer PDTX model,

23a is a schematic diagram showing an example of a PDTX model generation process.

23b is a graph showing changes in tumor volume in PDTX upon vehicle or indicated EGFR-specific inhibitor treatment, including adenocarcinoma PDTXs (PDTX-A1-A3). Ossimtinib (Osimertinib; 5 mg per 1 kg of wei ht daily) is treated, and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) PDTXs (PDTX-S1-S5) are treated with gefitinib (50 mg per 1 kg of weight daily). ) Shows the change in tumor size obtained (test population per PDTX is 3 or more),

23c is a graph showing PPI complex counts (number of PPI complexes) for the subsignal proteins of the indicated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK; EGFR, HER2, HER3 and MET),

. 23d is a graph showing the results of normal izat ion of EGFR expression levels in 8 PDTX (A1-A3 and S1 S5) individuals to EGFR expression levels in A549 cells (control).

23e and 23f are graphs showing the tumor growth inhibition rate (%) as the y axis, the sum of EGFR PPI obtained from the pulmonary adenocarcinoma PDTX model (E) and the SQCC PDTX model (f) divided by the EGFR level as the X axis,

23g is a graph showing the change in PPI complex counts (number of PPI complexes between EGFR and the two proteins listed on the x-axis) when gefitinib was treated daily for 15 days.

23h is a graph showing the degree of tumor growth when gefitinib and BKM120 were co-treated with PDTX-Sl (n = 2) for 15 days,

23i is a graph showing the sum of PPI divided by the EGFR level obtained in all 8 PDTX (A1-A3 and S1 S5) individuals on the X axis and the tumor growth inhibition rate (%) on the y axis (Error bars: sd ).

24A to 24D show examples of applying single-molecule co-IP and single-molecule i 誦 unolabeling to human tumor samples.

24a shows human tumor tissue obtained by tumor resection of two tumor patients (P1 and P2),

24b shows the expression level of 10 proteins obtained by monomolecular immunolabeling, immunolabeling level (PTM) level, and high efficiency monomolecular imaging system for each protein of 10 protein-protein pairs obtained by monomolecular co-IP. As a graph showing PPI levels, PC9 cells (for EGFR), HCC827 cells (for MET), and SKBR3 cells (for HER2 and HER3) were used as positive controls, respectively.

24c plots PPI complex counts for the indicated RTKs at P1 and P2. Is a graph showing,

24d is a graph showing the change in PPI complex counts of PLC _{g aSH} 2 and _Grb2 when PTPN1 was treated after pulling down EGFR on the surface (Error bars: _s.d. ).

25A to 25H show characteristics of PDTX-model (n = 3).

25a to 25c compare MET levels (a), HER2 levels (b), and HER3 levels (c) with the levels of MET, HER2 and HER3 in HCC827 cells (for MET) and SKBR3 cells (for HER2 and HER3). As a graph showing the results (Error bars: sd; n = 5), we can see that none of these RTKs were overexpressed,

25d is an image showing the results of immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of EGFR representatively measured in five SQCC PDTX, the expression of EGFR was calculated by calculating the EGFR H—score by the magnification rule,

25e is a scatter plot showing the correlation between EGFR levels determined by monomolecular immunolabeling and EGFR H-score, and the IHC H-score was found to show a complete linear correlation with the overall EGFR expression level determined by monomolecular immunolabeling. ，

25 f and 25 g are scatter plots showing the correlation between EGFR levels (g) and PPI total (h) and tumor growth inhibition of SQCC PDTX,

25h shows I 瞧 unoblot analysis of vehicle or gefitinib-treated PDTX ᅳ S2. After 15 days of gefitinib treatment, tyrosine phosphorylation (pEGFR), the 1068th residue of EGFR, disappeared completely, and phosphorylation of AKT and S6K by gefitinib treatment. (PAkt and pS6K, respectively) are also inhibited, and these results show that tumor growth inhibition effect in PDTX-S2 is obtained by inhibiting the EGFR / AKT / mT0R / S6 signaling pathway by gefitinib treatment.

26a and 26b show the effects of gefitinib treatment on PDTX-S1 and PDTX-S2.

26a is a graph showing changes in EGFR levels after 15 days of gefitinib treatment (Error bars: s.d; n = 5),

26b is a graph showing the degree of inhibition of EGFR PPI by gefitinib treatment, and showed the EGFR PPI complex count of A549 cells as a negative control (Error bars: s.d .; n = 5).

27 schematically illustrates a multi well according to an embodiment of the present invention. Perspective view.

28 is a diagram illustrating the multi well.

29 and 30 are views illustrating a process of manufacturing a multi well.

FIG. 31 shows the results of measuring GFP present in the multi wells prepared by the present example and the comparative example (Y-axis: GFP counts). FIG.

32 and 33 are graphs showing the results of GFP count measurement in multi-well A (FIG. 32) of one example and multi-well B (FIG. 33) of a comparative example, in which antibodies were not immobilized.

34 is a graph showing the results of measuring GFP number according to whether immobilization of antibodies in multi-well A of one embodiment.

35 is a graph showing the results of measuring the number of GFP according to the amount of cell samples in multi-well A of one embodiment.

36 and 37 are graphs showing the results of measuring the number of GFPs depending on whether or not the antibody is immobilized in the multi well A of one embodiment.

38 shows the numbered states of multi-well A in one embodiment.

[Form for implementation of invention]

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the following examples. Example 1 Preparation of First Proteins (EGFR, MET, HER2, and HER3)

EGFR, MET, HER2, and HER3 were selected as the first protein, and the first protein was obtained from a lysate obtained by lysing a cell line (for example, cancer cell line) or cancer cell tissue containing the same. The process is described in more detail as follows:

1.1. Cell lysate preparation

1.1.1. Cell line preparation

Cell lines were cultured by dispensing the medium (RPMI1640, high glucose (Thermo 11965-092)) in an amount of 2 x 10 ⁶ eel Is. The cell lines were collected and divided into two L 5 ml leucine at 100- pi culture dish with more than 90% confluency. The tube was centrifuged (5 min X 15,000 g) to remove the culture medium and then frozen and stored at -80C: leaving cells alone.

Prepared cell lines are summarized in Table 1 below:

55 Correction Paper (Article 91) ISA / KR TABLE 1

1.1.2. Cell Lysate Preparation

50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), l% (v / v) Triton X-100, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% (v / v) glycerol, protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P8340) 100X, and A cell lysis buffer having a composition of tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P5726) 100X was prepared.

Pipette the cell line samples prepared in Example 1.1.1 to release the aggregated cells by pipetting. The prepared cell lysis buffer was added to the pipette cell line sample in an amount of 200 ul for each tube, and on ice The reaction was carried out for 30 minutes while being kept in a cold block (0-4 ^° C). At this time, the physiological lysis reaction by the surfactant was actively performed by repeating the physical mixing process by periodic pipetting at intervals of 10 minutes.

After the reaction for 30 minutes as described above, centrifugation was performed (10 min, 15,000 g, 4 ^° C). Subsequently, the pel let is discarded and the supernatant is taken and filtered using a membrane with a 0.2 μm pore size to transfer the passage through the membrane into a new tube and stored until use for the next test. It was.

Total protein concentration (Bradford, BCA, DC protein assay, etc.) was used to measure the total protein concentration in the reaction product, and the protein concentration was about 5-10 mg / ml.

1.2. Tissue Lysis Preparation

1.2.1. Preparing patient-derived tumor xenograft models

Tumor xenograft from lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) patients was obtained from Yonsei University. A brief review of the process of making patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTXs) is as follows: Prepare 6 to 8 week old female combined itnmunodef icient mice (NOG) and nude mice (nu / nu mice; OrientBio). It was. All animal tests were performed in accordance with guidelines approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). Clinical tumor samples from patients were cut into sections of 3 mm or less in size and implanted subcutaneously into the flanks of the prepared N0G mice. Tumor size was measured twice a week with calipers to determine growth rate in subcutaneous tissue. When the tumor size was about 1.5 cm in diameter, tumor tissue was removed and cut into small sections (hexagons about 5 mm in length on one side). The cleaved tissue was then transplanted into other mice to obtain subjects that subsequently contained subsequent tumors. The patient thus obtained—mouse with derived tumors was named F0, and mice with subsequent tumors derived successively therefrom were named Fl, F2, F3, F4 and the like by serialization. Mice with third generation subsequent tuijior (F3) were used in the test by administration of vehicle (PBS) or gefitinib. The prepared PDTXs were intraperitoneal administered with 50 mg / kg gefitinib or vehicle once daily. Gefitinib Tumor tissue was collected from PDTX 15 days after administration and used for monitoring the following PPI and expression level changes.

1.2.2. Tissue Lysis Preparation

The tumor tissue obtained in Example 1.2.1. Was prepared in an amount of about 20 mm ³ , but may be larger than this.

The lysis buffer prepared in Example 1.1.2 per 20 mm ^{3 of} the prepared tumor tissue was added about 300 uL, and the reaction was continued while rotating for 4 hours in a 4 ^° C refrigerator. At this time, the size of the tissue was made as small as possible using surgical scissors to increase the surface area per unit volume, so that the chemical reaction by the surfactant in the lysis buffer could occur as efficiently as possible. After 1 hour reaction as described above, centrifugation was performed (10 min, 15,000 g, 4 ^° C). Subsequently, the pellet was discarded, and only the supernatant was taken and filtered using a membrane having a 0.2 mm pore size, and the portion passed through the membrane was transferred to a new tube and stored until use for the next test. .

The total protein concentration in the reaction product was measured by whole protein quantitation (Bradford, BCA, DC protein assay, etc.). The protein concentration was about 5-10 mg / ml. Example 2: Second Protein Preparation

In this embodiment, the preparation of the second protein in the form of a fluorescent protein attached to the lower signaling protein of the first protein prepared in Example 1 is illustrated.

The second protein exemplified in this example is summarized in Table 2 below:

TABLE 2

Or SH2-SH3 (57-217) amino acid moiety

By cloning the nucleic acid molecule

use

Human p85a (NP_852664.1)

sequence or N— SH2 (333-428), C— SH2

(624-718) or tandem SH2 (333-718)

By cloning the nucleic acid molecule

Use P85-alpha, or use _{mouse P} 85a (P26450)

sequence or N-SH2 (333-428), C-SH2

(624-718) or tandem SH2 (333-718)

By cloning the nucleic acid molecule encoding

use

To prepare the second protein, HEK293 cells (ATCC) and HeLa cells (ATCC), which are cell lines with low expression of the first protein prepared in Example 1, were prepared.

^The expression vector for each of the second proteins described in Table 2 was injected into the prepared HEK293 cells or HeLa cells and cultured to express the second proteins. After incubation for 24 hours the cells were collected, then dispensed in appropriate amounts and stored at -80 ^° C.

Lysis solution to the cells ((50 mM Tris-HCl (H 7.4), 1% Triton X-100, 150 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P8340) 100X, tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P5726) 100X)). High concentrations of surfactant (Triton X-100) was added to 60 uL of lysate ^■ against, 5xl0 ⁵ .cells priority can interfere with the protein interactions.

In the reaction mixture obtained above which is agglomerated via pipetting. After releasing all the cells, they were reacted for 30 minutes in a cold block (0-4 ^° C) on a cold ice. At this time, the physical mixing was performed through periodic pipetting at intervals of 10 minutes to actively dissolve the reaction by the surfactant.

After 30 min reaction, centrifugation was performed (10 min, 15,000 g, 4 ^° C). The sinking portion was discarded (pellet) and transferred to a new tube for supernatant experiments.

60 uL of the obtained aqueous solution was taken and added to 140 uL of PBS. This finally results in a second protein containing 0.3% Triton X-100. A solution can be obtained. Fluorometer was used to measure the concentration of fluorescent protein attached to the second protein. As a result, the concentration of the three crab 2 proteins used was measured within the range of approximately 400 to ΙΟΟΟηΜ. Example 3: Preparation of the Substrate

The Coverslip was immersed in a K0H 1M solution and then rinsed in sonicator (20-30 min). Thereafter, the mixture was washed well with tertiary distilled water and then washed with piranha solution (sulfuric acid: hydrogen peroxide = 2: 1 to 3: 1 (v / v)). Coating was performed by sequentially treating aminopropylsi lane and PEG on the washed coverslip surface.

After 2 hours of reaction, the mixture was washed with distilled water and kept in contact with the PEG-coated side until it was used at -20 ^° C.

At the same time, a quartz-type substrate or an acrylic well-type substrate was prepared. In the case of the quartz substrate, the cleaning and PEG coating processes were performed with reference to the coverslip treatment process described above.

In the case of an acrylic substrate, the substrate was immersed in distilled water and washed by sonication. The washed acrylic substrate was immersed in 5% BSA solution and reacted for 2 hours to prevent nonspecific protein adsorption and stored ^at -20 ^° C until use.

To were tested in the use of the substrate of the prepared covers lip and an acrylic material, and assembled by thawing the substrate of the coverslip and acrylic materials prior to testing, or pre-assembled after the PEG-coated over, and in an assembled form-stored at 20 ^° C It was thawed before use. Example 4: Imaging Protein-protein Interactions Between the First Protein and the Second Protein

Avitra-based protein Neutravidin (Thermo, A2666) was added to the prepared substrate at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml. After reacting for 5 minutes at room temperature, the substrate was washed twice using 30 ul of PBS buffer.

The antibody against the target first protein was added to the prepared substrate. At this time, the antibody used was prepared in the form of a biotin conjugated. The concentration of the antibody can be appropriately adjusted according to the affinity (dissociation constant, D) of the antibody-antigen, and in this Experimental Example, about 2 ug / ml. The reaction time was about 5 minutes. If an antibody having no conjugated conjugates is used, the antibody of the first protein can be attached using a secondary antibody.

Antibodies against the first protein used at this time are summarized in Table 3 below:

TABLE 3

The substrate treated with the antibody was PBS buf fer 30. Wash twice with u l. The cell lysate or tissue lysate containing the first protein prepared in Example 1 was added to the prepared substrate. In the case of antigen-antibody reaction, the antigen-antibody reaction efficiency can be continuously increased up to 15 minutes and over 15 minutes, and the reaction time is set to about 15 minutes. ·

After reaction, the substrate was washed with a buffer containing 0.05% (v / v) of tween 20 in PBS. Tween 20 0.05% reduces nonspeci fic binding and helps to prevent the hydrophobic region of the membrane protein from breaking down.

Thereafter, the second protein solution obtained in Example 2 was introduced into the substrate. The concentration of the second protein in the first protein lysate used was a value between 1-50 nM (about 30 nM) on the basis of the fluorescent protein. When the concentration of the second protein is 100 nM or more, the background noise increases in the fluorescence microscope, which hinders accurate measurement of the fluorescence signal.

The substrate was fixed and imaged on a fluorescence microscope to obtain data for each first protein / second protein. Example 5 Protein Complex Analysis

Protein complexes were analyzed based on the toolkit provided by the Mat ab program (provided by MathWorks).

The fluorescence image obtained in Example 4 was stored in 16b it unsigned integer format. The fluorescence signal was obtained from enhanced green f luorescent protein (eGFP), and the wavelength of the laser was 488 nm to observe the signal, and the laser was maintained for 11 seconds to maintain the eGFP emission time. The power was adjusted to 2 mW. Out of all frames (30 frames), the first frame was discarded, and one image was generated by averaging three frames (frames 22-25), and this process was repeated by moving the positions in the wells. Dog images were acquired and the following procedure was performed. The reason for discarding the initial 20 frames is to select and use a section in which an unnecessary signal (autofluorescence) generated on the surface of the nothing substrate disappears and the eGFP signal is maintained. ^' The section selected in this way may vary depending on the imaging conditions / equipment construction state. In this embodiment, the exposure time per frame is set to 0.1 second using an EMC-Electron-Mattly Charge-Cu led device; Andor iXon Ultra 897 EX2 (DU-897U-CS0-EXF) camera. Fluorescence images were obtained at 40.

To remove the noise, the following procedure was performed for each frame:

(a) The initial start shall begin at the top left. One frame consists of 512x512 pixels. The median value was obtained from 11x11 pixels with 11 right and 11 down pixels based on the reference pixel, and the median value was subtracted from the reference pixel value [(Intensity_pixel) —

(medianIntensity_llxllneighborhood)]. The above procedure was performed for all 512x512 pixels. Median filtering removes pepper & salt noise.

(b) Gaussian smoothing of sigma = 0.7 and size = 5x5 was performed on the processed image to make the image smooth.

(c) Threshold was set. Threshold sets the threshold value of all pixels whose pixel intensity is below the threshold in the entire image (using the algorithm that finds the local maxiinum in the Mat lab toolkit). This removes the local maximum that is not created by the fluorescence signal in the image. The threshold value used in the imaging conditions of this embodiment is 70.

Signals from fluoroproteins occur in a localized point spread function (PSF), which is the number of PPI complexes between the first protein and the crab 2 protein (physical value) that you want to measure. Value). The PSF value is as follows It was then converted to the biological value PPI complex:

(a) The local maximum position is obtained (for example, the i th row and the j th column pixel). As described above, since the single-molecule fluorescence signal is formed at a specific position (approximately 5x5 pixel size 1 pixel = 0.167 micrometers) under 512x512 pixels, individual PSFs can be selected by finding a local maximum. This can be obtained using the toolkit provided in Mat lab.

(b) It is determined whether the local maximum obtained in (a) is generated from the actual PSF. First, a minimum intensity value of the local maximum was defined, and only the case where the maximum value of the local maximum was larger than the minimum value was used for the analysis. The minimum value used in this embodiment is 75, and this value may vary depending on the laser power / exposure time / equipment construction situation. After loading 5 × 5 pixel information based on the finally obtained i _oca i maximum coordinate, The centroid of intensity was obtained at 5x5 pixels. At this time, if the obtained brightness center is more than 0.5 pixels away from the existing local maximum coordinate (when the 2D symmetry of the PSF shape disappears), it is determined to be an abnormal fluorescent signal and excluded from the analysis.

(c) Only PSFs that passed all conditions were finally screened to obtain coordinates and total number. The total number of PSFs obtained at this time is the number of PPI complexes.

The above procedure was performed on all files photographed under the same conditions to obtain the PSF number, and then the averages and the standard deviations were calculated. This is the value that finally represents the number of PPI complexes under certain conditions (indicated by "Number of single PPI complexes" in the figure). Example 6: Determination of PPI Intensity, PPI Score, and Activation Score

The slope of the graph obtained by setting the concentration of the cell lysate (see Example 1.1.2) as the X axis and the y-axis as the PPI com lex value measured in each cell lysate (see Example 5), ie, [( PPI complex) / (number of PPI complexes per cell lysate unit concentration (1 / zg / ml))] was defined as the PPI intensity (or PPI slope) between the first and second proteins in the cells. The sum of all the PPI intensities obtained for each cell line was used to calculate the sum of the PPI intensities. Defined as score (PPI score). The sum of PPI intensities (or PPI scores) represents the total PPI level of the first and second proteins tested at the cell lysate unit concentrations of each cell line.

The method for obtaining the sum of the PPI strengths is expressed as follows:

(First protein: RTK (EGFR, MET, HER2, or HER3 for lung cancer; HER2 and HER3 for breast cancer);

Second protein: downstream protein (PLOga 隱 a_SH2, Grb2, p85—alpha). In addition, in order to show the relative PPI score between cell lines, PPI of a specific cell line (hereinafter referred to as 'reference cell'; in this test example, PC9 cells in lung cancer cell lines and SKBR3 cells in breast cancer cell lines, respectively) PPI scores obtained from other cells (hereinafter referred to as 'test cells') were normalized so that the score was 1, and the values obtained for each cell line were normalized to the normalized PPI score for that cell line. Defined.

In addition, the total amount of the first protein (eg, RTK (eg EGFR, MET, HER2, or HER3 for lung cancer; HER2 and HER3 for breast cancer) in each cell lysate was measured. The total amount of the first protein is described above. Quantification was carried out using a Sandwich EL ISA or a quantitative western blot using one of the antibodies (see Table 3), and then divided by the weight of the cell lysate (total protein weight in the cell lysate).

The value obtained by dividing the obtained PPI score or the normalized PPI score by the total amount of the first protein was defined as an activation score. At this time, in order to show the relative activation scores among the cell lines, the activation scores obtained from the test cells were normalized such that the reference cell (lung cancer cell line: PC9 cell, breast cancer cell line: SKBR3 cell) was 1, whereby The value obtained for a cell line was defined as the normalized activation score for that cell line.

When calculating PPI scores in a patient-derived tumor xenogrft (PDTX) mouse model, a negative background is obtained from the values obtained by the above method. You can reduce the background noise by measuring the value and subtracting it. In this case, the negative background may use normal tissue of the same patient or cancer cell lysate with normal EGFR. As an example, PPI scores are obtained by measuring the degree of interaction between EGFR and each subprotein in A549 cells in which the EGFR gene is normal. The negative background is set to the negative background to subtract the negative background from the PPI score obtained in each PDTX mouse model to calculate the final PPI score. Example 7: Heatraap Preparation

In addition to quantifying the data in Example 5, a Heatmap was created to add supplemental judgment to its analysis. iieatmap is just one way of presenting data, and is not intended to specifically limit data interpretation.

Among the X-axis and γ-axis, one axis is the second protein (low signal protein) and the other axis is the cell type, and 3xl6 (the number of the second proteins (three in total: see Table 2) (p85—alpha, Grb2, PLC— ga隱 a-SH2)) x lattice of cells (15 total (lung cancer cell line) or 11 total (mammary cancer cell line): see Table 1)). , MET, HER2 'and HER3; lung cancer), or a total of two (HER2 and HER3; breast cancer) were made (only p85' alpha was used as the second protein for 3 '). Thereafter, heatmaps were prepared by changing the color and brightness according to the PPI intensity between the first protein and the second ^' protein obtained from the cells (e.g. darker, black to medium red, light green as the PPI intensity increased). It may be indicated in order, which is not determined by the investigator for each test). Based on any cell, the relative difference between cell lines does not change. Example 8 Correlation Between Drug Reactivity and PPI Score and Activation Score

The results tested by the method described in Examples 1-7 above are described below with reference to the drawings:

1 is a schematic diagram of a method for measuring single molecule protein interaction. The left side schematically shows how to inject Neutravidin, RTK antibody, and cell lysate or tissue lysate into the polyethylene-coated substrate in order, and then wash it. He said showing the appearance of fixing a protein on the main ^board. On the right, the fluorescent protein-labeled interacting protein is injected into the substrate to observe and quantify the fluorescence signal to measure the degree of monomolecular protein interaction.

2 is a graph showing the result of confirming the target protein (first protein) immobilized on the substrate. Tests were made with reference to the methods described in Examples 4 and 5. EGF was treated with lOOng / ul for 3 minutes, and the left graph of FIG. 2 uses H1666 and binds to the extracellular domain of EGFR. Attached to the substrate through the antibody (MA5-13266, Thermofisher), and the antibody was confirmed by the attachment of the antibody to the intracellular domain (# 4267, Cell signaling technology) of EGFR, the graph in the middle of Figure 2 whether the EGFR forms HER2 and dimer and the results confirmed whether or not inserting the antibody of HER2, ⁱ right graph of Figure 2 shows the results of confirming whether or not inserting the antibodies of the EGFR Shcl that forms a dimer with Shcl.

Depending on whether the substrate is injected with the antibody, the target RTK protein (first protein) is fixed (indicated by +) or unfixed (indicated by-). This allows for the attachment of various target proteins to the substrate through appropriate antibody screening. In addition, as in the case of EGFR-HER2 or EGFR-Shcl, it can be confirmed that not only a single target protein but also a protein conjugate form existing in vivo can be fixed to the substrate.

3 is an interaction protein fluorescently labeled on a substrate on which a first protein is immobilized

(Second protein) protein interaction after injection: image shown. The PPI complex observed by the method described in Example 5 was expressed in the form of a point spread function (PSF), and the PPI complex was selected through a computer algorithm. It can be seen that the fluorescent signal is generated only when the lower signaling protein is injected. The green circle represents the observed PPI complex.

4 is a graph quantifying the number of PPI complex observed in FIG. Lower signaling proteins (second _protein) can be confirmed that the if the injection (in the X-axis PLCga隱aSH2, Grb2, and represented by the p85-alpha) optionally high PPI complex only observed. On the other hand, if the target RTK protein (the antibody of the first protein (EGFR) is absent (black bar), or there is no injected downstream signaling protein (buffer on the X axis), the observed signal is very small. This can be interpreted as background noise.

Figure 5 shows the increase in the number of PPI complex according to the amount of injected cell lysate It is a graph showing. As the amount of cell lysate containing the target RTK protein (first protein: EGFR) increases (X axis), the amount of observed PPI complex (y axis) also increases linearly. This allows a quantitative comparison of PPI complexes between samples at specific cell lysate levels:

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the process of quantifying the first protein through a single molecule sandwich ELISA. The process of attaching the ^"RTK a target protein on the surface (a first protein) of the substrate is the same as FIG. Instead of the fluorescently labeled subsignal protein (second protein), a second antibody that recognizes the target RTK protein can be injected to determine the amount of target RTK protein. The second antibody used must have a different antibody epitope on the target RTK protein and the pull down antibody used to immobilize the target RTK protein on the surface of the substrate. . The amount of RTK protein immobilized on the surface of the substrate via a labeled antibody that recognizes the second antibody can be measured via a single molecule technique (see Example 5).

7 is a specificity obtained through the single molecule sandwich ELISA method

(specificity) is a graph showing the results: it can be seen that the single molecule sandwich ELISA signal results are suppressed even if only one component of the components shown in the schematic diagram of FIG.

8 is a graph showing the change in the number of PPI complex according to the cell line type (red ① vs light blue ③) and state (red ① vs black ②). It can be seen that when the target RTK protein (first protein; EGFR) present in the cell is activated by the corresponding ligand (EGF +), a high PPI complex is observed at the same dose compared to otherwise. In addition, if there is an active mutation in the target RTK (PC9, light blue), it can be seen that the number of observed PPI complex of the target RTK increases.

9 is a graph showing a range of the target RTK (first protein) PPI complex number ⁱ by each change per unit concentration of the sample according to the state of the cell (PPI slope). When the ligand stimulation of each target protein (the first protein) of EGFR, MET, HER2, HER3 using the single-molecule Co-IP technology described in Example 6 (gray) and ¾ is in the state (black) PPI The number of complexes was measured quantitatively. Based on this, the activity of target RTK can be measured by quantifying the PPI complex.

10 is based on the change of the PPI complex according to the EGFR mutation state It is a graph showing the result of calculating the ratio of activated EGFR per cell. The upper part shows the result of measuring the interaction between the EGFR and the lower signaling protein for each cell by the PPI comp l ex measurement method, and the lower part shows the amount of EGFR expression per cell through the single molecule sandwi ch EL ISA (see FIG. 6). After the measurement, the two values were divided to show the amount of activated EGFR per cell (Absolute occupancy (%)).

FIG. 11 is a graph showing Absolute occupancy (%) results obtained by performing the same method for HER2 to HER3 in the same manner as for EGFR in FIG. 10. In the case of HER2, the activity is very low, while HER3 has a very high activity ratio.

FIG. 12 shows the interaction (signal strength) between EGFR, MET, HER2, HER3 (first protein) and sub-signaling protein (second protein) for lung cancer cell lines, and is displayed in heatmap format (Example 7). Shows one result. The color indi cator for each signal strength is shown below.

FIG. 13 is a graph showing the values obtained by quantifying the signal intensity between EGFR (first protein) and three types of second proteins, respectively (left and middle) and the EGFR target anticancer agent of each cell line. The graph (right) shows the results for AZD9291 (0s imert ini b) (IC50; treatment concentration at which cell viability is 50% compared to pretreatment).

The color of each bar is divided into the groups shown on the right according to the EGFR gene mutation status. Compared to the PPI score, the Act ivat i on score correlated more significantly with the drug reactivity (IC50) (the higher the Act ivat i on score, the lower the IC50 value (higher drug reactivity)). FIG. 14 is a graph showing the correlation (left) and the variability (target) of the target anticancer agent response according to the gene type (left) and reaction (y-axis) and Act ivat ion score (x-axis) of the EGFR target anticancer KAZD9291). Act ivat i on score shows a high correlation (r = 0.85) with respect to the reactivity of AZD9291, and it can be seen that drug reactivity may be different even if the same genotype is shown in the existing EGFR genetic test.

FIG. 15 is a heatmap format (Example 7) showing the signal intensity (interaction) between HER2 and HER3 (first protein) and lower signaling protein (second protein) in breast cancer cell lines.

16 is a reaction of conventional trastuzumab anticancer agent in breast cancer cell line This is a graph showing the results of measuring the expression levels of HER2 (top) and HER3 (middle), which are biomarkers used for prediction, and the extent (bottom) of cellular growth inhibition by trastuzumab.

17 is a graph showing the correlation between the results of measuring the PPI score using the HER2 or HER3 signal and the trastuzumab response (logGI50). The PPI score (r = 0.91) was found to have a higher correlation with trastuzumab reactions compared to the expression levels of HER2 (r = 0.54) or pHER2 (r = 0.44), which are either biomarkers.

FIG. 18 shows EGFR, MET, HER2, and measured in tissue lysates (Example 1.2) obtained in the PDTX mouse model (n = 5; denoted PDTX-1, -2, —3, -4, and -5); Heattnap shows the results of PPI complex signaling with three subsignal proteins of HER3.

19 shows the results of calculating the activation score (bottom) using EGFR expression (top) and EGFR expression (results in FIG. 18) in tissue lysate obtained in the PDTX mouse model (Example 1.2). It is a graph.

20 is a graph showing the results of measuring the change in tumor size by administering gefitinib (50 mg / kg) to the PDTX mouse model (Example 1.2JL) compared with the results in the vehicle (PBS) administration group. In the case of PDTX-2, the EGFR expression level was not high but the activation score was high (see FIG. 19), and the antitumor effect was also excellent (see FIG. 20). These results confirm that activated activation scores (ie activated EGFR ratios) are more closely correlated with drug response than EGFR expression levels. 21 PDTX mice. In the model (Example 1.2.1), a graph showing the correlation between tumor growth inhibition (tumor growth inhibition) and EGFR activation score by gefitinib. As described above, there was a significant correlation (r = 0.96) between the tumor growth inhibition by gefitinib and the EGFR activation score.

FIG. 22 is a graph showing the results of measuring the number of EGFR PPI complexes per unit concentration of each sample measured in tissue lysate samples before and after administration of gefitinib (50 mg / kg) in the PDTX mouse model (Example 1.2.1). Tissues obtained after treatment with Gefitinib showed a significant decrease in the EGFR PPI complex. This may be evidence that EGFR signal is inhibited by gefitinib. Example 9

9.1. Antibody and Reagent Preparation

For pulling down each of these proteins, the following antibodies were used: anti-EGFR antibody (MS-378-B0 ThermoFisher), anti-MET antibody (ab89297 Abeam), anti-HER2 antibody (BMS120BT ThermoFisher), anti— HER3 antibody (BAM348 R & D systems) mCherry (ab34771 Abeam), and anti-KRas antibody (sc-521 Santa Cruz).

The following antibodies were used as detection antibodies for each of the corresponding proteins and post-translational modi fions (PTMs): Anti-EGFR antibody (4267 Cell signaling), anti—EGFR (pTyr 1068) antibody (ab32430 Abeam), anti-EGFR (pTyr 1086) antibody (ab32086 Abeam), anti-EGFR (pTyr 1173) antibody (4407 Cell signaling), Anti-MET antibody (8494 Cell signaling), anti -HER2 antibody (MA5- 15050 ThermoFisher), anti -HER2 (pTyr 1221/1222) antibody (2243 Cell signaling), anti-HER3 antibody (ab32121 Abeam), anti -HER3 ( pTyr 1289) antibody (CeU signaling technology, cat.No. 4791), anti _Grb2 antibody (ab32037 Abeam), anti-Shcl antibody (ab33770 Abeam), anti-Shc pTyr 239/240) antibody (abl09455 Abeam), anti -HSP90 Antibody (PA3-013 ThermoFisher), anti-MIG6 antibody (11630-1—AP Proteintech), anti-one GAPDH antibody (3906 Cell signaling), and anti-c-Cbl antibody (2179 Cell signaling).

Biotin conjugated anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) (405303 BioLegend) and Cy3 conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (111-165-046 Jackson ImmunoResearch) antibodies were used as secondary antibodies.

Western blotting was performed using the following antibodies: anti-EGFR (pTyr 1068) antibody (2234 Ce l signaling), anti-EGFR antibody (2232 Cell signaling), anti-Erk (pThr202 / Tyr204) antibody (9106 Cell signaling, anti—Erk antibody (4696 Cell signaling), anti—Akt ( _P Ser473) antibody (4060 Cell signaling), anti—Akt antibody (4691 Cell signaling), anti—S6K (pSer235 / 236) antibody (4858 Cell signaling ), Anti—S6K antibody (2217 Cell signaling), and anti-act in antibody (ab8227 Abeam) were used.

OOFR / ml EGF (PHG0311L Life technologies) was used (3 min) to stimulate EGFR.

Gef itinib (S1025 Sel leckchem), Osimert inib (S7297 Sel leckchem), BKM120 (S2247 Sel leckchem), Dabrafenib (S2807 Sel leckchem), and Trastuzumab (A1046 BioVision) were analyzed for PPI changes in lung adenocarcinoma cells and HER2- / HER3—PPI measurements in breast cancer cells, by ΜΊΤ as say Cell viability measurements, and tumor growth measurements in the PDTX model.

9.2. Cell culture

All cell lines were 10% (w / v) fetal bovine serum (26140—079 Life technologies), 10 g / ml gent ami c in (15710-063 Life technologies), 100 units / ml penicillin, and 100 / g / ml strepto It was incubated in RPM 11640 medium (22400-105 Life technologies) supplemented with mycin (15140-122 Life technologies). PC9-GR (gefitinib resistant cell line; Accession No. CVCL_S706), HCC827-GR5 (gefitinib resistant cell line; Accession No. CVCL—V622), and HCC4006-ER (erlotinib resistant cell line; Accession No. CVCL_S746) cell lines of 100 nM each The cells were cultured in the presence of gefitinib or erlotinib. All cell lines were cultured in a humidified incubator at 37 ^° C. and 5% CO ₂ conditions. Cultured cells were rinsed with cold phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cells were collected quickly using 1 ml cold PBS and scraper (90020 SPL Life Science). Cell suspensions from one p _etr i dish (100 mm diameter) were aliquoted in 3-4 aliquots. This aliquot was centrifuged at 3,000 xg for 5 minutes at 4 ^° C. The supernatant was discarded and the resulting pellet was stored at 80 ^° C. and then used for analysis.

9.3. Construction and transfection of eGFP labeled prey protein

Rat PLC y _S H ₂ cDNA containing tandem SH2 domain (542 to 765 amino acids of NM-013187.1) was directly isolated from Rat cDNA library using Bglll and EcoRI. Grb2 (human Grb2; Addgene 46442), _P 85 α (mouse ρ85α Addgene 1399), Shcl (human Shcl, Addgene 73255), Eat2 (human Eat2, Addgene 46423), APCS (human APCS, Addgene 46477), Nckl (human Nckl , Addgene 45903) and S0S1 (human S0S1, Addgene 32920) were excised using restriction enzymes corresponding to the restriction sites contained in each original plasmid. eGFP-tagged CARM1 (human CAR 0 and EGFR genes were provided from Seoul University (Korea) and KAIST (Korea), respectively. All cDNAs were cloned into pEGFP—CI (Clontech Laboratories) and corresponding eGFP-labeled prey pfoteins were prepared. W36K, R86M, and W193 point mutations were introduced into the Grb2 gene to prepare Grb2 variants, N * _, SH2 *-, and 0_ constructs, respectively. The EGFR variant was prepared by deleting E746-A750 in the EGFR gene or by replacing arginine with lysine, the 858th residue.

The obtained plasmid was introduced into HEK293 cells via electroporat ion using a Neon transfection system (MPK5000 Life technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Plasmid DNA 30 was mixed with 100 ^ of ΕΕ 293 cell suspension containing ˜2χ10 ⁶ cells. Two 950V electric pulses (with a duration of 35 ms for each pulse) were applied to HEK293 cells. After 24 hours post-transfection, the transfected cells were harvested and stored at -80 ^° C.

9.4. Tumor Xenograft Model from Lung Cancer Patients

All animal studies included the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

It was performed according to the guidelines approved by (IACUC). Six to eight weeks old female mice (severe combined immunodef icient (NOG) and nude (nu / nu) mice; OrientBio) were used. A clinical tumor sample (derived from patients with lung adenocarcinoma or from lung squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC)) was cut into pieces of ˜3 × ³ size and then subcutaneously implanted into the flank of the N0G mouse ( subcutaneous im lantation. One to four months after transplantation, tumors were observed at the implanted site. The tumor subcutaneous growth rate was measured by caliper twice weekly. When the tumor size reached 1.5 cm in diameter, the tumor tissue was excised and cut into small sections (approximately 5 mm ^{3 in} size). The cleaved tissue was transplanted into other mouse populations to obtain secondary tumors. Generations of mice with patient derived tumors were named F0 and subsequent generations were numbered in turn (Fl, F2, F3, etc.) (see FIG. 23A). Third generation (F3) mice were used for vehicle (Phosphata buffered saline, PBS), osimert inib, or gef it inib treatment tests.

remind. Among the patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDTX) obtained, mice transplanted with lung adenocarcinoma-derived tumors (F3; n = 3) were named PDTX-A1, PDTX-A2, and PDTX-A3. ， Lung SQCC patient Mouse F3 transplanted with a derived tumor; n = 5) was named PDTX-S1, PDTX-S2, PDTX-S3, PDTX-S4, and PDTX-S5.

The obtained patient-derived tumor xenograft mice (pat lent-derived tumor xenograft; PDTX) were injected with an intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg osimertinib or 50 mg gefitinib or vehicle per weight (kg), respectively, once daily. Tumor tissue was excised from PDTX 15 days after the drug treatment to monitor PPI and expression level changes.

9.5. Single-molecule co-IP and immuno labeling imaging

Detailed protocols for single molecule co-IP and i 隨 unolabeling imaging can be found in "Lee, HW et al. Real time time single-molecule coimmunoprecipi tat ion of weak protein-protein interactions. Nat. Pro toe. 8, 2045-2060, ( 2013). NeutrAvidin (10! Λ of 0.1 mg / ml; A2666 Life technologies) was placed in each individual reaction chamber. After incubation for 10 minutes, unbound NeutrAvidin was removed. The miniaturized imaging chamber was immersed in a PBS filled reservoir and rinsed thoroughly by lateral shaking for about 100 times. After PBS was completely removed, biotinylated pull down antibodies were incubated for 10 minutes on a NeutrAvidin-coated surface to form a layer. For MET antibodies, primary antibodies were bound using a biotinylated secondary antibody (alpha-mouse IgG). After washing the chamber with PBS, cancer cell or tumor tissue extracts were applied to the antibody coated surface. After 15 minutes, the unbound extract was removed and the chamber was immersed in a reservoir filled with PBS supplemented with 0.0 (v / v) Tween 20.

For single-molecule co-IP imaging, transformed HEK293 cell extracts were diluted with 30 nM (eGFP-tagged probe protein) and loaded into the imaging chamber. The chamber was placed on a TIRF microscope and eGFP fluorescence was EMCCD (20 frames; 100 ms exposure).

For single-molecule immuno labeling imaging, dye-labeled detection antibodies were used in place of the eGFP-labeled probe protein for 5 frames. To avoid duplication between detection and pulldown antibodies, detection antibodies were chosen to have epitopes in the tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic kinase site or tail. Detection antibody was Alexa488 (MET antibody) Direct labeling or indirect visualization with Cy3-labeled secondary antibodies (EGFR, HER2, HER3 and pTyr antibodies). After recording 5 or 20 frames of fluorescence (0.1 sec exposure) in the TIFF stack, the number of fluorescence spots was counted to determine the number of monomolecular PPI complex. Or immunolabeled G 隱 unolabeled) proteins. Mean and standard deviation of single-molecule counts were obtained from 10 different locations in the same reaction chamber. Example 9.6. TIFF filings obtained by counting fluorescence imaging of counting PPI complexes and immunolabeled proteins were analyzed with a custom GUI (written in Mat lab (Mat lab 2016a, MathWorks)). Three frames (17-19 for eGFP, 3 ᅳ 5 for Cy3 and Alexa488) were used to identify local maxima of intensity representative of a single PPI complex or immunolabeled protein. For background correction, images obtained by spatial median-filtering (11x11 pixel) were subtracted frame by frame from the original image. The obtained images were averaged and used to detect local maxima after thresholding (using custom Mat lab GUI). Example 10 Prediction of PDTX on EGFR Target Inhibitors

10.1. Response to Osimertinib in Lung Adenocarcinoma Xenograft PDTX

Screening for specific cancer HER ^"was confirmed that PPI measures in class receptor is closely related to the drug responsiveness of the cancer, HER family (a HER family receptor-targeted therapy for antitumor activity having a half male in receptor targeted ^therapy" visible) We investigated whether single-molecule immunolabeling or co-IP analysis can be applied to. To this end, three types of lung adenocarcinoma-derived tumor xenograft mice (PDTXs; PDTX-A1 to A3 of FIG. 23) were prepared by the method described in Example 9.

These lung adenocarcinoma PDTX has been identified as having an activation mutation (exon 19 or L858R mutation) in the EGFR gene.

The lung adenocarcinoma PDTXs (PDTX-A1-A3; each population is 3 or more and the following results are represented by the average value) treated with osimertimb (5 mg per 1 kg of weight daily) for 30 days and measured tumor size And compared with the control group (vehicle administration group), the results are shown on the left side of Figure 23b. Fig. 23B left As can be seen from the results, PDTX-A1-A3 showed a significant decrease in tumor size by osimertinib treatment (A1>A2> A3).

PPD com lex (represented by PPI count in FIG. 23C) between each of the EGFR, HER2, HER3, and MET receptors and each of the subsignal proteins PLCga 瞧 aSH2, Grb2, and p85-alpha in each PDTX (PDTX—A1 ~ A3) It measured and showed at the left side of FIG. 23C. As shown in FIG. 23C, the PPI complex counts between EGFR and three subsignal proteins were in the order of A1> A2> A3, which is the same as the effect of tumor size reduction upon osimertinib treatment, an EGFR inhibitor shown in FIG. 23B. Can be confirmed. These results indicate that the PPI complex count between the target protein and the downstream signaling protein in the PDTX model of lung adenocarcinoma shows a significant correlation with the anticancer effect of the target therapeutic agent targeting the target protein.

In addition, the expression levels of EGFR and other receptors (MET, HER2 and HER3) in 8 PDTX (A1-A3 and S1-S5) individuals were measured, and the expression levels of each of these receptors were measured in control (EGFR: A549 cells). , MET: HCC827-GR5, HER2 and HER3: SKBR3) normalized to the expression level is shown in Figures 23d and 25a-c.

As shown in FIG. 23C, the tested PDTX models (A1-A3) did not all show significant PPI complex values for MET, HER2 and HER3 receptors, but showed some significant PPI complex values for EGFR. These results indicate that PDTXs exhibit oncogene addict ion for EGFR signaling at the protein and PPI levels.

Next, the normalized PPI count (number of PPI complexes per unit concentration of the first protein; corresponding to the activation score) was examined to predict the reactivity of PDTX to osimertinib treatment, as demonstrated in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. In PDTX model (A1-A3) in the 30 days osimert inib (5 mg per 1 kg of weight daily) tumor growth inhibition rate _(tumor growth inhibition (% in each model obtained by processing) = [(AVKeA / c / ^ -ΔVgefi t inib) / ΔV vehicle] x 100; Change in tumor volume before and after vehicle-vehicle treatment; l ^ gefitinib ^' .Tumor volume change before and after gefitinib treatment) with y-axis and PPI s 圏 / EGFR level (PPI sum: PPI score, PPI sum / EGFR level: Activation score) is shown in FIG. 23E on the x-axis. On FIG. 23E As shown, it can be seen that the normalized PPI count (PPI sum / EGFR level; Activation score) actually shows a high correlation (r = l) with tumor growth inhibition by osimertmib. 10.2. lung SQCCdung squamous cell carcinoma)

Reactivity Prediction for Osimertinib

While 29% of lung adenocarcinomas are associated with sensitizing mutations in EGFR, only 0.5% of lung SQCCs have sensitizing mutations in EGFR. Thus, there is currently no suitable biomarker for EGFR target therapy in lung SQCC.

In this example, five PDTXs (PDTX-S1 ~ S5) were prepared from hmg SQCC patient tissue and monomolecular immune labeling and co-IP profiling (Example 9.5) were performed. All five PDTXs (PDTX-S1 to S5) were found to show minimal levels of MET, HER2 and HER3 receptor proteins and their associated PPI complexes (FIGS. 23C, right and 25A-C).

On the other hand, it was confirmed that a significant level of the total EGFR count (EGFR level) and EGFR PPI complex count (Figs. 23c and 23d, and Figs. 25d and 25e). This result is expected to be because lung SQCC is often dependent on EGFR for proliferative signals.

10.3. Lung SQCCdung squamous cell carcinoma) Predicting Reactivity to Gefitinib in Xenograft PDTX

All five PDTXs (PDTX-S1 ~ S5) were administered gefitinib for 15 days, and tumor growth. PDTX-S1-S5 was found to have a significant tumor suppressor effect in S1 and S2. Among the various PDTX individuals tested. It was once again confirmed that the PPI complex count (Activation score) normalized to EGFR levels had a very high correlation with tumor growth inhibition (Spearman correlation of 0.9) (FIGS. 23F and 25F-H).

The obtained results show that the normalized PPI count is closely correlated with the responsiveness to EGFR target inhibitors of non-small cell lung cancer. To understand whether normalized PPI levels, rather than sums of PPI levels, have a higher association with reaction to antitumor drugs, Two lung SQCC PDTXs (PDTX-S1 and S2) with distinct signaling phenotypes and gefitinib reactions were observed.

After the gefitinib treatment (Before) and after 15 days after treatment (After), the PPI complex counts in PDTX 'SI and PDTX-S2 were measured and shown in FIGS. 23G and 26A-B.

As shown in the above results, PDTX-S1 maintained detectable levels of EGFR PPI complex counts, particularly in the: section ρ85α subunit of PI3K. In contrast, PDTX-S2 showed decreased or indistinguishable levels of EGFR PPI complex counts compared to negative controls using A549 cells (FIGS. 23G and 26). Thus, the gefitinib dose used in the trial (50 mg / kg) completely inhibits the hyperactive but smaller pool of EGFRs in PDTX-S2, leading to the shrinkage of the cancer. On the other hand, the same gefitinib dose did not inhibit EGFR activity in PDTX-S1 and showed significant EGFR overexpression. These results suggest that PDTX-S2 with high normalized PPI count shows better responsiveness to gefitinib compared to PDTX-S1 with high EGFR level and total PPI count.

Based on the fact that PDTX-S1 showed increased EGFR-p85 a binding in the above results, PDTX-S1 was treated with BKM120 (50 mg / kg), a PI3 inhibitor (FIG. 23H).

As shown in the results, BKM120 showed a stronger tumor growth inhibitory effect than gefitinib at the same dose (50 mg / kg). In addition, combination of gefitinib and BKM120 _. Treatment (gefitinib (50mpk (mg per lkg weight (mpk))) / BKM120 (50mpk)) attenuated the tumor. These results indicate that single-molecule co-IP profiling, which examines PPI using different downstream proteins, is the target signal. It is suggested that this method can be useful for the selection of pathways and for designing combination treatment strategies of multiple drugs.

10.4. Responses to Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Xenografts in PDTX

Normalized PPI complex counts obtained from two types of non-small cell lung cancer transplantation models, PDTX-A1-A3 and PDTX-S1 ~ S5, were pooled and single plots were compared (FIG. 23I).

Despite all differences in genome variation patterns and cancer subtypes, The data points showed a consistent pattern and formed a shape consistent with tumor growth inhibition with a Spearman correlation of 0.95.

These results suggest that the normalized PPI complex count is a measure of EGFR signal strength that can act as an efficacy predictor for EGFR-targeted therapy. Example 11. Single-molecule immunolabeling and co-IP profiling (c IP profiling) on human patient samples

Tumor tissue of a human patient was characterized using the microchamber presented in the present invention and a high throughput single molecule imaging system (FIG. 24).

The conventional cryogenic lysis protocol developed for PDTX specimens was applied to two lung adenocarcinoma tissues (Yonsei University Severance Hospital) obtained by surgical resection from lung adenocarcinoma patients (FIG. 24A, PI and P2). ).

Briefly, the prepared patient tissue is ground (˜0.6 cm) and immersed in liquid nitrogen. After further grinding, PBS was administered to completely dissolve and centrifuged to take pellets. Then PBS was administered, and cultured at 4 ^° C with continuous mixing. Thereafter, the supernatant was taken by centrifugation. Using tissues of size 15 瞧³ (P1) and 18 隱³ (P2), 10 different PPI levels (PPI complex at positive control) were obtained for each tissue lysate obtained by the above-described method. Relative values of the PPI complex at P1 and P2) and 10 different proteins and levels of post-translational modifications (PTM) (expression) were measured (see i ′ uno labeling in Example 9.5) (FIG. 24B). . PC9 cells (for EGFR), HCC827 cells (for MET), and SKBR3 cells (for HER2 and HER3) were used as positive controls, respectively.

Both tumor tissues (P1 and P2) had exonl9 mutations (exonl9 deletion mutations) in the EGFR gene, but only sample P1 showed significant EGFR PPI complex counts (Figure 24B, c and Table 4).

TABLE 4 Biopsy type Depositedate E6FR genotype Treatment Response

PR: 2014,11.25 ~ 2016.03.28

Patient P1 2013.12.27 Gefitinib

Surgical PD: 2016.07.19

Aexon19

resection SD: 2014.04,16-2015.05.15

Patient P2 2014.02.11 Erlotinib PD: 2015.05,21

(PR ^ Part ial response, PD = Progressive di sease)

No significant PPI counts were observed in both samples for the other receptors, HER and MET receptors (Figure 24b, c).

Pat ient PI is a drug before the diagnosis of progressive disease (PD)

Maintains partial response to gef it inib treatment for one and a half years (PR; partial response according to response evaluat ion criteria in sol id tumors; RECIST) In addition, Patient P2 maintained stable di sease (SD) di agnosis for 1 year before PD designat ion.

Finally, in vitro dephosphorylation was performed by treatment with PTPN1 for mutant EGFR (exon 19 deletion) derived from PDTX-A1 and human patient sample P1 showing the highest active EGFR signal (FIG. 24D).

After dephosphorylation, binding of eGFP-labeled PLCga'a _SH 2 and Grb2 to the mutant EGFR complex was measured and shown in FIG. 24D. As shown in FIG. 24D, binding of PLCgamma _SH2 , which is entirely dependent on pTyr—SH2 domain interaction, by dephosphorylation (+ F PN1) is almost completely stopped, whereas at least 50% in the case of Grb2 binding counts and More than 80% were maintained after dephosphorylation. Such. The results suggest that pTyr-independent signaling mechani smd PDTX of mutant EGFR and surgical tumor tissues actually work. Example 12: Influence test according to the adhesive application form

The adhesive (E; UV epoxy) is applied to the outer edge of the contact surface of the receiving portion 153 and the substrate 300 and the adhesive (E; UV epoxy) is applied to the receiving portion 153. Each of the multi wells (multi well B; comparative group) applied over the entire substrate 300 contact surface was fabricated and numbered as shown in FIG.

79 Correction Sheet (Rule 91) ISA / KR

All wells were surface treated with biotin and antibodies were not immobilized. Grb2 protein (NF_002077.1) tagged with green f luorescent protein (GFP) (Clontech) was added to the wells in an amount of 30 nM, reaction was performed at room temperature (23-27 ° C) for 5-10 minutes, and PBS (with After washing with a wash solution containing 0.05% (v / v) Tween 20), imaging was performed, and the Grb2 protein was quantified by measuring the GFP counts remaining in the wells. In this case, the washing may be performed using a washing solution containing a low concentration (eg, about 0.1% (v / v) or less) of a nonionic surfactant (eg, Tween20 Triton x-100, etc.). Equally applicable to protein quantification procedures). The number of GFPs is set to an exposure time of 0.1 second per frame using EMCCD ^' (Electron-mult iplying charge-cou led deviation; Andor iXon Ul tra 897 EX2 (DU-897U-CS0-EXF)) camera. The gain value was measured by counting the number of fluorescent spots on the fluorescent image obtained by 40.

The results of measuring the number of GFPs as described above are shown in FIGS. 32 (multi well A) and FIG. 33.

(Multi well B). In FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, each # pair indicates the location of the numbered well.

As shown in FIG. 32, for multi-well A, the number of GFP remaining in the wells after washing was similarly low in all wells, while for multi-well B, as shown in FIG. The remaining number of GFP was about 15-20 times higher in some wells (# 5, # 6. # 7). Since the antibody was not immobilized in the well, the GFP remaining in the well after washing may be due to non-specific binding. The results of FIGS. 32 and 33 show that in the case of Multiwell A where the adhesive was applied to the outer edge of the receptacle, Compared to the multiwell B case applied to the entire surface in contact with the substrate of the receptacle, the nonspecific binding level of the protein is very low. Multi well

80 Correction Sheet (Rule 91) ISA / KR The high level of nonspecific binding of the protein in B indicates that a part of the adhesive (epoxy) applied to the entire surface in contact with the substrate of the receptacle penetrates into the through-hole where reaction occurs and is not intended for the protein-protein reaction due to the adhesion of epoxy. It can be said to be due to the effect of inducing nonspecific binding. On the other hand, in the case of multi-well A, the adhesive is applied to the outer edge of the receptacle so that it does not penetrate into the through hole or penetrate only a very small amount, which does not affect or insignificantly affects the protein-protein reaction, thus the level of nonspecific binding of the protein. Will be very low.

To further confirm that the specific response of the protein is induced in multiwell A, the three wells of # 1, # 5, and # 9 are not immobilized with GFP antibody, and the remaining # 2, # 3, # 4, # Nine wells of 6, # 7, # 8, # 10, # 11, and # 12 were immobilized with GFP antibodies to perform the test again and the number of GFPs was measured. 34 shows the results of measuring the number of GFP obtained as described above. As shown in FIG. 34, compared with three wells of # 1, # 5, and # 9 where GFP antibodies were not immobilized, # 2, # 3, # 4, # 6, # 7, It can be seen that the number of GFP in the nine wells of # 8, # 10, # 11, and # 12 is significantly high. These results confirm that the adhesive induces a specific protein response in the multi well A applied to the outer edge of the receptacle. Example 13: Example of protein-protein interaction measurement

After preparing Multiwell A in the same manner as in Example 12, the anti-EGFR antibody (MS-378-BO, Thermo) was immobilized on the surface. The cell line lysis buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 1 (ν / ν) Triton X— 100, 150) was expressed in cell line lysis buffer (H1666; ATCC, #CRL ᅳ 5885). mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10 (v / v) glycerol, protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P8340) 100X, tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, P5726)

Was dissolved in 100X) was added to the obtained cell sample, at room temperature ^{^{(23 ~ 27 0 C 0 C}} )

After 15 minutes of reaction, the cells were washed with a washing solution containing PBS (with 0.05% (v / v) Tween 20) to capture EGFR on the well surface. GFP tagged p85-a protein (NP_852664.1) was added to each well captured EGFR on the surface and imaged. Referring to the method of Example 12, the GFP count s remaining in the wells was measured to test protein-protein interactions between EGFR and p85—a. 35 shows the number of GFPs (mean value of data measured five times) according to the amount of cell samples, and the number of GFPs (mean value of data measured five times) and the standard deviation are shown. It is shown in 5:

TABLE 5

As shown in FIG. 35 and Table 5, when using multi-well A, protein-protein interactions, which show a linear proportional to cell sample concentration, are clearly measured, and the results obtained in the repeated test are relatively low standard. You can see the deviation.

On the other hand, two multi-wells A were prepared in the same manner as in Example 12, one (bl ank) was prepared by applying a GFP antibody to the well surface, and the other (GRB2-GFP) was prepared by applying a GFP antibody. After injection of 100 pM of GFP-GRb2 into each, the signal was measured in the same manner as in Example 12.

The obtained results are shown in FIGS. 36 and 37. As shown in Figures 36 and 37, when using wells of multi-well A, the signal is almost absent when no antibody captures the target protein (GFP) (Bl ank), whereas when the antibody is applied Has a low standard deviation and is very well detected (GRB2 ᅳ GFP). These results indicate that the false positive results (Fal se posi t ive resul t) are rarely observed when using Multiwell A.

[Explanation of code]

100 multi wells

110, 130 support

155, 165, 175 support plates

151 through hole

153 accommodation

300 substrates

Claims

Claims Claim 1 Method for measuring activation of signal transduction pathway in a cell or tissue, comprising the following steps:

(2) reacting the prepared first protein by adding Crab 2 protein bound with a labeling substance to the substrate;

(3) measuring a signal from the counter-water obtained in step (2); And

(4) obtaining a signal value for a unit amount of the first protein in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3), or

(4-1) obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3); And

(4-2) A step for obtaining the value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in the step (4-1).

[Claim 2]

The method of claim 1, wherein the test sample is a cell, tissue, cell or tissue lysate, lysate, or extract, or body fluid isolated from a mammalian subject.

[Claim 3]

The cell or tissue according to claim 1, wherein the labeling substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid molecules that generate measurable signals through enzymatic reaction, fluorescence, luminescence, or radiation detection. Method for measuring activation of signaling pathways in the stomach.

[Claim 4]

The method of claim 1, wherein the labeling material of step (2) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorescence generating small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid molecules, and measuring the signal of step (3) is total reflection. A method of measuring activation of signaling pathways in a cell or tissue, which is performed using a fluorescence microscope or a fluorescence camera or both.

[Claim 5] The method of claim 1, wherein the exposure time per frame of the fluorescent camera is about

Method for measuring activation of signaling pathways in a cell or tissue, from 0.001 sec to about 1 sec.

[Claim 6]

The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first protein and the second protein are each independently one or more selected from proteins involved in the signaling pathway of cells or tissues, wherein the second protein is A method for measuring activation of a signaling pathway in a cell or tissue, wherein the protein is involved in a lower pathway than the first protein on the signaling pathway.

[Claim 7]

The method of claim 6, wherein the first protein is a cell membrane protein.

[Claim 8]

8. The method of claim 7, wherein said first protein comprises: receptor tyrosine kinase, framework-like receptors, G-protein- coupled receptors (GPCR), transferr in receptors, low-density lipoproteins (Low- Dens i ty Lipoprotein; LDL) receptor, R0S1; BCR-Abl l fusion protein; Non-receptor type kinase; GTPases; Hormone receptors; Anti-apoptotic protein; And immunity _. A method for measuring the activation of signaling pathways in a cell or tissue, which is at least one selected from the group consisting of checkpoint proteins.

[Claim 9]

The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

The first protein and the second protein are each independently two or more kinds selected from proteins involved in the signaling pathway of a cell or tissue, and the second protein is a protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein on the signaling pathway. Is,

The value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample obtained in step (4) or (4-2) is the sum of the values obtained for each first protein and each crab 2 protein, cell or tissue METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF Activation of Signaling Pathway

[Claim 10]

The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, after step (4) or (4-2), (5) further comprising comparing the result obtained in step (4) or (4-2) with the result obtained in the reference sample,

The reference sample includes normal cells, cells isolated from a cell whose activation level of the first protein is involved, or cells isolated from an individual whose level of activation of the signaling pathway is involved in the first protein. ,

Method for measuring the activation of signaling pathways in a cell or tissue.

[Claim 111]

(2) reacting the prepared first protein by adding a second protein bound with a label to the substrate; ·

(3) measuring the signal from the reactants obtained in step (2); And

(4) obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3), or

(4-2) calculating the value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1)

Including

Wherein said test sample is a cell, tissue, cell lysate, lysate, lysate, or extract, or body fluid isolated from a mammalian subject,

A method of providing information in predicting response to a drug targeting a subject's first protein.

[Claim 12]

The method of claim 11, wherein the test sample is a cancer cell, cancer tissue, cancer cell or lysate, lysate, or extract of the cancer tissue, wherein the test sample provides information for predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting a first protein of the subject.

[Claim 13]

The method of claim 11, wherein the labeling substance is at least one selected from the group consisting of small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid molecules that generate a measurable signal through enzyme reaction, fluorescence, luminescence or radiation detection. A method of providing information in predicting responsiveness to a drug that targets a subject's first protein.

[Claim 14]

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the labeling material of step (2) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorescence generating small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid molecules, and measuring the signal of step (3) is total reflection. A method for providing information on the prediction of response to a drug targeting a first protein in an individual, performed using a fluorescence microscope or a fluorescence camera or both.

[Claim 15]

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the exposure time per frame of the fluorescent camera is about

A method of providing information in predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting a subject's first protein, from 0.001 seconds to about 1 second.

[Claim 16]

Claims 11 to. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein the first protein and the second protein are each independently one or more selected from proteins involved in a signaling pathway of a cell or tissue, and the second protein is a signal pathway. A method of providing information for predicting responsiveness to a drug that targets an individual U protein, which is a protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein.

[Claim 17]

17. The method of claim 16, wherein said first protein is a cell membrane protein.

[Claim 18]

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the first protein comprises receptor tyrosine kinase; Low-Dens i ty Lipoprotei n (LDL) receptor, R0S1; BC -Abl l fusion protein; Applicator type kinase; GTPases; Hormone receptors; Anti-apoptotic protein; And an immune checkpoint protein, wherein the method provides information for predicting responsiveness to a drug targeting a first protein of an individual, the at least one selected from the group consisting of:

[Claim 19]

The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15,

The first protein and the second protein are each independently of a cell or tissue At least two selected from proteins involved in the signaling pathway, the second protein is a protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein on the signaling pathway,

The value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample obtained in step (4) or (4-2) is the sum of the values obtained for each first protein and each second protein,

Methods of providing information in predicting responsiveness to drugs that target a subject's first protein

[Claim 20]

The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, after step (4) or (4-2),

(5) further comprising comparing the result obtained in step (4) or (4-2) with the result obtained in the reference sample,

Wherein the reference sample comprises normal cells, normal cells, or cells whose reactivity to a drug targeting the first protein is confirmed,

A method of providing information in predicting responsiveness to a drug that targets a subject's first protein.

[Claim 21]

(1) preparing a substrate on which a first protein is immobilized by adding a test sample containing a C protein to a substrate comprising a substance specifically binding to the first protein on a surface thereof;

(2) adding and reacting the low 12 protein having the labeling substance attached to the prepared first protein-fixed substrate;

(3) measuring the signal from the reactants obtained in step (2); And

(4) obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3) ^' , or

(4-2) calculating the value of the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample using the signal value of the unit amount of the test sample obtained in the step (4-1)

Including

The test sample may be a cell, tissue, cell or cell isolated from a mammalian subject. Is a lysate, lysate, or extract of tissue, or a body fluid,

How to provide information on screening individuals for treatments that target low U proteins.

[Claim 22]

The method of claim 21, wherein the test sample is cancer cells, cancer tissues, cancer cells or lysates, lysates, or extracts of cancer tissues.

[Claim 23]

The method of claim 21, wherein the labeling substance is at least one member selected from small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and achieve ^'eojin group in nucleic acid molecules to generate a measurable signal via the enzyme banung, fluorescent, luminescent, or radioactive detection, the 1 A method of providing information to screening individuals for treatments that target proteins.

[Claim 24]

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the labeling material of step (2) is at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorescence generating small molecule compounds, proteins, peptides, and nucleic acid molecules, and measuring the signal of step (3) is total reflection. A method of providing information for selection of a subject suitable for treatment targeting a first protein, which is performed using a fluorescence microscope or a fluorescence camera or both.

[Claim 25].

25. The method of claim 24, wherein the exposure time per frame of the fluorescent camera is about

Providing information for screening a subject that is suitable for treatment targeting the first protein, from 0.001 seconds to about 1 second.

[Claim 26]

Claim 21 to. The method of claim 25, wherein the first protein and the second protein are each independently one or more selected from proteins involved in a signaling pathway of a cell or tissue, and the second protein is on a signaling pathway. A method of providing information for selection of an individual suitable for treatment targeting a first protein, the protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein.

[Claim 27]

The method of claim 26, wherein the first protein is a cell membrane protein. How to provide information to screen the appropriate individuals.

[Claim 28]

The method of claim 27, wherein the first protein is receptor tyrosine kinase, Like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), transferrin receptors (LCR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, R0S1; BCR-Abl l fusion protein; Non-receptor type kinase; GTPases; Hormone receptors; Anti-apoptotic protein; And providing information for screening individuals suitable for treatment targeting a Crab protein that is one or more selected from the group consisting of immune checkpoint proteins.

[Claim 29]

The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25,

The first protein and the crab 2 protein are each independently two or more selected from proteins involved in the signaling pathway of the cell or tissue, the crab 2 protein is a protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein on the signaling pathway Is,

A method of providing information to screening individuals suitable for treatment targeting a first protein.

[Claim 30]

The method according to any one of claims 21 to 25, after step (4) or (4-2),

Wherein the reference sample comprises normal cells, normal cells or cells in which the effect of treatment targeting the first protein has been confirmed,

[Claim 31]

(2) reacting the prepared first protein by adding a second protein bound with a label to the substrate to which the first protein is immobilized; (3) measuring a signal from the counter-water obtained in step (2); And

(4-2) Test using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1). Obtaining a value for a unit amount of the first protein included in the sample; And

(5) comparing the results obtained in the above step, wherein the test sample is a cell, tissue, cell lysate, lysate, or extract, or body fluid isolated from a mammalian subject,

The crab 1 protein is at least two selected from proteins involved in the signaling pathway of cells or tissues, the crab 2 protein is a protein involved in a lower pathway than the first protein on the signaling pathway,

Step (5) is to compare the results obtained for the two or more first proteins with each other,

A method of providing information for the selection of a target drug suitable for application to a subject.

[Claim 32]

(1) treating the test compound with a candidate compound, and

(II) the following steps (1), (2), (3), and (5), or (1), (2), ( 3), (4), and (5) _ᅵ or (1) (2), (3), (4-1), and (5), or (1), (2), (3), (4 -1), (4-2), and (5) a method of screening a candidate drug targeting the first protein comprising the steps of:

(1) adding a test sample comprising a first protein to a substrate comprising a substance specifically binding to the first protein on a surface thereof to prepare a substrate on which the first protein is immobilized;

(2) reacting the prepared first protein by adding a labeled second protein to the substrate; .

(3) measuring protein-protein interactions by measuring signals from the reactants obtained in step (2); -

(4) Using the signal measured in step (3), obtain the value for the unit amount of the protein 1 contained in the test sample added in step (1) to determine the activation level. Measuring step;

(4-1) measuring the protein-protein interaction level by obtaining a signal value for the unit amount of the test sample added in step (1) using the signal measured in step (3);

(4-2) measuring the activation level by obtaining a value for the unit amount of the first protein contained in the test sample using the signal value for the unit amount of the test sample obtained in step (4-1);

(5) Each of the results obtained in step (3), step (4), step (4-1), or step (4-2) with respect to the test sample and the treated test sample to which the candidate compound was not treated. Comparing each other.

[Claim 33]

33. The method of claim 32, wherein after step (5)

(6) the comparison result of step (5), in which the candidate compound was treated, the protein-protein interaction, the protein-protein interaction level, or the activation level of the test sample in the test sample in which the candidate compound was not treated. And, if higher, selecting the candidate compound as a candidate drug targeting the first protein.

[Claim 34]

A multi well comprising a substance for capturing a first protein that specifically binds to the first protein, and

Signal detection means

Including

The first protein is at least one selected from proteins involved in signaling pathways,

The multi-well includes a plurality of pipes having one surface open or a plurality of non-penetrating holes spaced apart from the support plate,

A sample injection part located on an open side of the tube or non-penetrating hole, a reaction part in which protein-protein interaction occurs inside the tube or non-penetrating hole, and

A capture material of the first protein is immobilized on the surface of at least part of the inner wall in contact with the inside of the tubular or non-penetrating hole, or includes a capture portion of the immobilizable first protein Surface of the capture portion of the first protein is surface-treated with a compound containing a functional group selected from the group consisting of aldehyde group, carboxyl group and amine group.

Apparatus for predicting reactivity to a drug that targets a first protein.

[Claim 35]

The method of claim 34,

The surface treatment may include biotin, bovine serum albumin combined with biotin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene glycol-biotin (PEG-biot in), or polysorbate. A device for predicting reactivity to a drug targeting a first protein, which is used.

[Claim 36]

The method of claim 35, wherein

The surface, the treatment is to further apply one or more selected from the group consisting of neutravidin (neut ravi din), streptavidin (str 印 tavi din), and avidin (avidin), targeting the first protein Device for predicting reactivity to the drug.

[Claim 37]

37. The method according to any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein said multiwell is involved in a subpath of said first protein on the ^ 1-transfer pathway, labeled with a labeling substance that generates a detectable signal. A device for predicting response to a drug targeting a first protein, further comprising 2 proteins.

[Claim 38]

37. The method of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the multi well comprises a first protein mass _. One or more wells including a reaction part (first reaction part) in which the interaction between the crab 2 protein occurs, and a reaction part (second reaction part) to which the detection material bound to the first protein and the first protein bind. An apparatus for predicting response to a drug targeting a first protein, comprising one or more wells.