WO2018192230A1 - 一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统 - Google Patents

一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018192230A1
WO2018192230A1 PCT/CN2017/114241 CN2017114241W WO2018192230A1 WO 2018192230 A1 WO2018192230 A1 WO 2018192230A1 CN 2017114241 W CN2017114241 W CN 2017114241W WO 2018192230 A1 WO2018192230 A1 WO 2018192230A1
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Prior art keywords
energy storage
heat pipe
change material
phase change
heat
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PCT/CN2017/114241
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English (en)
French (fr)
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饶中浩
赵佳腾
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中国矿业大学
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Priority to JP2018560212A priority Critical patent/JP6611142B2/ja
Priority to US16/303,144 priority patent/US10663232B2/en
Publication of WO2018192230A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018192230A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0266—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with separate evaporating and condensing chambers connected by at least one conduit; Loop-type heat pipes; with multiple or common evaporating or condensing chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0275—Arrangements for coupling heat-pipes together or with other structures, e.g. with base blocks; Heat pipe cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D2015/0216—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes having particular orientation, e.g. slanted, or being orientation-independent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a phase-change material and a heat-dissipating tube coupling energy storage system, and belongs to the field of industrial waste heat storage and utilization.
  • China's industrial energy consumption accounts for about 70% of the country's total energy consumption, and energy consumption is large.
  • the utilization rate of industrial waste heat is low, and energy is not fully utilized.
  • the energy utilization rate in China is only about 33%, at least about 50%.
  • the energy consumption is discharged in various forms of waste heat. Therefore, China's waste heat resources are very rich, and waste heat recovery can further improve energy utilization efficiency, thereby reducing fossil fuel use and reducing pollutant emissions.
  • the regenerative heat exchanger is one of the heat exchange technologies.
  • the main principle is that the hot and cold fluid alternately flows through the heat storage element for heat exchange.
  • Phase change materials have great potential for thermal energy storage and utilization.
  • the pulsating heat pipes have strong heat transfer performance and can be used as a good heat transfer medium together with heat sources, heat storage sources and users.
  • the present invention provides a coupled energy storage system for a phase change material and a heat radiating tube, which has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient assembly, low cost, and high latent heat using phase change materials.
  • the high thermal conductivity of the pulsating and pulsating heat pipes effectively improves the recycling rate of industrial waste heat and is flexible and versatile.
  • a phase change material and a heat dissipation tube coupled energy storage system includes a plurality of energy storage units connected in series with a central axis, and the energy storage unit includes a heating flow passage, an exothermic loop and an energy storage ring concentrically arranged from the inside to the outside a heating passage, an exothermic loop, and an energy storage loop between adjacent energy storage units are connected by a card slot, and are respectively connected;
  • the energy storage unit is provided with a divergent pulsating heat pipe
  • the divergent pulsating heat pipe comprises a plurality of pulsating heat pipe branches uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the energy storage unit
  • the pulsating heat pipe branch includes an evaporation section located in the heating flow channel, and is located at an exotherm a conveying section in the loop and a condensation section located in the energy storage loop, and the adjacent pulsating heat pipe branches are sequentially connected through the root port of the evaporation section, so that the divergent pulsating heat pipe integrally constitutes a closed loop
  • the phase change material is closely filled with the condensation section, and the heat storage loop end cover and the energy storage loop end cover are disposed on the energy storage unit at both ends.
  • the central flow channel can be directly connected to the heat source, and the heat release loop can be directly connected to the cold source, and the pulsating heat pipe serves as a link between the residual heat source, the heat storage medium, and the user, thereby effectively transferring heat;
  • the structure of the energy storage unit is compact and simple.
  • the single energy storage unit is convenient for maintenance and replacement;
  • the energy storage unit includes a heating flow channel and an exothermic circulation channel, which can simultaneously complete the process of energy storage and energy release, and can separately perform the processes of energy storage and energy release.
  • the shape of the system can be flexibly changed according to the actual structure, and multiple energy storage units are connected to form a large energy storage energy release system.
  • the sealing groove is provided with a high temperature and corrosion resistant sealing gasket, which effectively blocks the fluid at the joint or The phase change material leaks, thereby ensuring the tightness between the heating flow passage, the heat release loop and the energy storage loop.
  • the evaporation section, the conveying section and the condensation section of the branch of the pulsating heat pipe may adopt a linear, circular arc or spiral structure, and the three parts of the branch of the divergent pulsating heat pipe are rich in geometric structure and can be based on actual heat.
  • the transmission needs to involve the shape structure of the pulsating heat pipe to ensure heat exchange efficiency.
  • fins are arranged on the branch of the pulsating heat pipe, and according to actual conditions, whether fins are arranged in different parts on the pulsating heat pipe to improve heat exchange efficiency.
  • the working fluid in the divergent pulsating heat pipe can be a self-wetting fluid, a micro-nano capsule phase change material emulsion or a nano-fluid, such as a water/heptanol solution, a metal nano-aqueous solution or the like.
  • the phase change material is a medium-high temperature phase change material or a medium-low temperature phase change material, and specifically may be a composite phase change material, a capsule phase change material or a metal-based phase change material, such as a molten salt, a hydrated salt or Zn- Mg alloy phase change materials, etc.
  • the starting temperature of the divergent pulsating heat pipe is lower than the phase transition temperature of the phase change material.
  • the phase transition temperature of the phase change material refers to the temperature at which the phase change process occurs, including the latent heat absorption and the latent heat release process.
  • the starting temperature of the pulsating heat pipe refers to the minimum temperature required for the continuous gas oscillation of the pulsating heat pipe to continuously oscillate, and the pulsating heat pipe has Extremely high heat transfer capacity. Only when the starting temperature of the pulsating heat pipe is lower than the phase transition temperature of the phase change material, the working fluid inside the pulsating heat pipe can maintain the oscillating state during the heat release of the phase change material.
  • the outer wall of the energy storage loop is a sandwich structure, and the middle of the interlayer can be vacuumed, filled with heat insulating material or filled with phase change material, and the heat loss of the energy storage loop is greatly reduced by a special heat preservation design.
  • the energy storage units can be adjusted according to actual conditions to adjust the relative position of the divergent pulsating heat pipes between different energy storage units to adjust the flow resistance in the flow channels, thereby adjusting the fluid and the pulsating heat pipes.
  • the heat exchange efficiency which in turn increases the heat storage efficiency of the system.
  • the present invention provides a phase-change material and heat-dissipating tube coupling energy storage system, which has the following advantages over the prior art: 1.
  • the structure is simple and purple, the assembly is convenient, the cost is low, and the maintenance and replacement are convenient.
  • the high latent heat of the phase change material and the high thermal conductivity of the pulsating heat pipe greatly improve the recovery rate of industrial waste heat; 2. It can be used both as a fixed type and as a mobile type, and the energy storage and energy release processes can be simultaneously performed. It can also be performed separately, thus solving the problem that the energy storage and release processes do not match in time and space.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a phase change material and a heat dissipation tube coupled energy storage system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a single energy storage unit in the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is an isometric view of a single energy storage unit of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a divergent pulsating heat pipe in the first embodiment
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of a divergent pulsating heat pipe in the second embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view of a divergent pulsating heat pipe in the third embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view of a divergent pulsating heat pipe in the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view of a divergent pulsating heat pipe in the fifth embodiment
  • the figure includes: 1, energy storage unit, 2, heating flow channel, 3, exothermic loop, 4, energy storage loop, 5, card slot, 6, pulsating heat pipe branch, 7, evaporation section, 8, conveying section 9, condensation section, 10, phase change material, 11, exothermic end cap, 12, energy storage loop end cap, 13, fins, 14, root port, 15, outer wall.
  • Embodiment 1 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • FIG. 1 is a coupled energy storage system of a phase change material and a heat pipe, comprising a plurality of energy storage units 1 connected in series with a central axis, the energy storage unit 1 comprising a heating flow channel concentrically arranged from the inside to the outside.
  • the heat release channel 3 and the energy storage loop 4; the heating flow channel 2, the heat release loop 3 and the energy storage loop 4 between the adjacent energy storage units 1 are all connected by the card slot 5, and are connected to each other;
  • the energy storage unit 1 is provided with a divergent pulsating heat pipe, and the divergent pulsating heat pipe includes a plurality of pulsating heat pipe branches 6 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the energy storage unit 1; the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 includes the heating heat flow channel 2
  • the evaporation section 7, the conveying section 8 located in the heat releasing loop 3, and the condensation section 9 located in the energy storage loop 4, and the adjacent pulsating heat pipe branches 6 are sequentially connected through the root port 14 of the evaporation section 7, so that
  • the divergent pulsating heat pipe integrally constitutes a closed loop;
  • the energy storage loop 4 is filled with a phase change material 10 in close contact with the condensing section 9, and the energy storage unit 1 at both ends of the first and last ends is provided with an exothermic end cap 11 and Energy storage loop end cap 12.
  • the card slot 5 is provided with a high temperature and corrosion resistant sealing gasket, which effectively prevents the fluid at the joint or the phase change material 10 from leaking; as shown in FIG. 3, the outer wall 15 of the energy storage loop 4 has a sandwich structure. In the middle of the interlayer, vacuuming, filling of the insulating material or filling of the phase change material 10 may be performed to reduce heat loss.
  • the three parts of the divergent pulsating heat pipe branch 6 are rich in geometric structure. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, the evaporation section 7 and the conveying section 8 of the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 are linear, on which the fins 13 are arranged, and the condensation section 9 is in the shape of an ear.
  • the material of the divergent pulsating heat pipe is a temperature-resistant, pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant high-heat-conducting material, which can be copper, stainless steel and other metals, alloys, etc.; the working fluid of the divergent pulsating heat pipe can be self-wetting fluid, micro-nano capsule phase A variable material emulsion or nanofluid, such as a water/heptanol solution, a metal nanoaqueous solution.
  • the phase change material 10 is a medium-high temperature phase change material or a medium-low temperature phase change material, and specifically may be a composite phase change material, a capsule phase change material or a metal-based phase change material, such as a molten salt, a hydrated salt or a Zn-Mg alloy. Phase change material.
  • the starting temperature of the divergent pulsating heat pipe is lower than the phase transition temperature of the phase change material 10.
  • the energy storage unit 1 can be adjusted according to actual conditions to adjust the relative position of the divergent pulsating heat pipes between the different energy storage units 1 to adjust the flow resistance in the flow channel, thereby improving the fluid and the pulsating heat pipe in the flow channel. Heat exchange capacity.
  • the energy storage system uses a divergent pulsating heat pipe as a heat transport medium, and does not require other forced flow heat transfer medium to save energy; the energy storage energy release device can be used both as a fixed type and as a mobile type.
  • the mobile energy system designed here does not need to be fixed with the heat source, and the heat storage process and the heat release process can be carried out in different places, such as heat storage in the factory, because the heat storage system structure is flexible, Exothermic is carried out wherever the truck moves.
  • the invention reasonably combines the advantages of the high latent heat of the phase change material and the high thermal conductivity structure of the pulsating heat pipe and the low cost, and the heat transfer fluid passes through the central heating flow passage and exchanges heat with the evaporation section of the root of the divergent pulsating heat pipe.
  • the heat is transported by the pulsating heat pipe to the energy storage loop area at the end.
  • the fins on the pulsating heat pipe can improve the heat exchange efficiency.
  • the phase change material stores heat through the sensible heat form or the latent heat form, and the stored heat is transported to the middle through the pulsating heat pipe. , rapid heat release to the heat exchange medium. Therefore, the heat storage process and the heat release process of the energy storage system can be performed simultaneously or separately, and the mismatch between the heat storage and the heat release in time and space is solved.
  • the structure of the energy storage unit is simple and compact, the shape of the system can be flexibly changed according to the actual structure, and multiple units can be connected to form a large energy storage system.
  • the plurality of energy storage units of the present invention are suitable for various industrial waste heat recovery and utilization after proper combination and design, and have potential economic value and environmental protection value.
  • the energy storage unit itself has excellent heat storage and heat release capability, and the types of phase change materials, the types of pulsating heat pipe working materials, and the types of pulsating heat pipe wall materials can meet the requirements for different heat storage temperature ranges.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the condensation section 9 of the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 has a circular structure, and other embodiments are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 3 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 3
  • the condensing section 9 of the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 has a wave-shaped structure, and other embodiments are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 4 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 4:
  • the condensing section 9 of the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 has a three-dimensional spiral structure, and other embodiments are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • Embodiment 5 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 5:
  • the conveying section 8 of the pulsating heat pipe branch 6 has a semicircular structure, and other embodiments are the same as those in the first embodiment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，包括若干同中心轴线串联的储能单元(1)，储能单元(1)包括由内向外同心设置的充热流道(2)、放热环道(3)及储能环道(4)；相邻的储能单元(1)之间的充热流道(2)、放热环道(3)和储能环道(4)均通过卡槽(5)配合连接，且各自连通；储能单元(1)内设置有发散型脉动热管，且发散型脉动热管包括若干沿储能单元(1)周向均布的脉动热管分支(6)；脉动热管分支(6)包括位于充热流道(2)内的蒸发段(7)、位于放热环道(3)内的输送段(8)及位于储能环道(4)内的冷凝段(9)，且相邻的脉动热管分支(6)之间通过蒸发段(7)的根部端口(14)依次连通；储能环道(4)内填充有相变材料(10)，且首尾两端的储能单元(1)上设置有放热环道端盖(11)及储能环道端盖(12)。

Description

一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统 技术领域
本发明涉及一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，属于工业余热存储与利用领域。
背景技术
随着经济社会的进步，能源消耗巨大和环境污染严重成为两大难题，节能减排的要求日益迫切。我国工业耗能占全国总耗能的70％左右，能耗较大，其中工业余热利用率低，能量没有得到充分利用是重要原因，我国能源利用率仅约为33％，至少约有50％的耗能以各种形式的余热被排掉，因此，我国余热资源十分丰富，余热回收利用能够进一步提高能源利用效率，从而减少化石燃料使用量，降低污染物排放。
目前，工业余热回收利用问题已经得到政府、科研院所以及企业的关注。在现有的技术种类中，工业余热利用技术主要分为热功转换技术、热交换技术以及制冷制热技术。蓄热式热交换器属于热交换技术中的一种，主要原理是冷热流体交替流过蓄热元件进行热量交换。相变材料在热能存储与利用上潜力巨大，脉动热管的热输送性能较强，能够作为连同热源、储热源和用户的良好的热传输媒介。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，具有结构简单、组装方便、成本较低等特点，利用相变材料的高潜热性和脉动热管的高导热性，有效提高工业余热的回收利用率，且使用灵活多变。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，包括若干同中心轴线串联的储能单元，且所述储能单元包括由内向外同心设置的充热流道、放热环道及储能环道；相邻的储能单元之间的充热流道、放热环道和储能环道均通过卡槽配合连接，且各自连通；
其中，所述储能单元内设置有发散型脉动热管，且发散型脉动热管包括若干沿储能单元周向均布的脉动热管分支；所述脉动热管分支包括位于充热流道内的蒸发段、位于放热环道内的输送段及位于储能环道内的冷凝段，且相邻的脉动热管分支之间通过蒸发段的根部端口依次连通，使得发散型脉动热管整体构成一个闭合回路；所述储能环道内填充有与冷凝段紧密接触的相变材料，且首尾两端的储能单元上设置有放热环道端盖及储能环道端盖。
因此，中心流道可以直接连接热源，放热环道可以直接连接冷源，脉动热管作为连通余热源、储热介质以及用户的纽带，起到高效输送热量的作用；储能单元的结构紧凑简单，单个储能单元便于维修和更换；所述储能单元同时含有充热流道和放热环道，既可以同时完成储能和释能的过程，也可以分开进行储能和释能的过程，系统外形可以根据实际结构灵活改变，多个储能单元进行连接组成大储能释能系统。
优选的，所述卡槽内设置有耐高温耐腐蚀的密封垫圈，有效阻止连接处的流体或 相变材料的泄露，从而保证充热流道、放热环道和储能环道之间的密封性。
优选的，所述脉动热管分支的蒸发段、输送段及冷凝段可采用直线形、圆弧形或螺旋线形结构，发散型脉动热管分支上的三部分，几何形状结构丰富，可根据实际的热传输需要涉及脉动热管的形状结构，以保证换热效率。
优选的，所述脉动热管分支上布置有翅片，根据实际情况来决定脉动热管上的不同部位是否布置翅片，以提高换热效率。
优选的，所述发散型脉动热管内的工质可采用自湿润流体、微纳胶囊相变材料乳液或纳米流体，比如水/庚醇溶液、金属纳米水溶液等。
优选的，所述相变材料为中高温相变材料或中低温相变材料，具体可为复合相变材料、胶囊相变材料或金属基相变材料等，比如熔盐、水合盐或Zn-Mg合金相变材料等。
优选的，所述发散型脉动热管的启动温度低于所述相变材料的相变温度。相变材料的相变温度指发生相变过程时的温度，包括潜热吸收和潜热释放过程，脉动热管的启动温度指脉动热管内部气液塞持续振荡所需维持的最低温度，此时脉动热管具有极高的热输送能力。只有当脉动热管的启动温度低于相变材料的相变温度，在相变材料放热的过程中，脉动热管内部的工质才能够维持振荡状态。
优选的，所述储能环道的外壁为夹层结构，夹层中间可进行抽真空、填充保温材料或者填充相变材料，通过特殊的保温设计，大大减少储能环道的热损耗。
优选的，所述储能单元之间可根据实际条件进行旋转调整，用来调节不同储能单元之间发散型脉动热管的相对位置，以调节流道内的流动阻力，从而调节流体与脉动热管间的换热效率，进而提高该系统的储放热效率。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，相对于现有技术，具有以下优点：1、结构简单紫凑，组装方便，成本较低，便于维修和更换，利用相变材料的高潜热性和脉动热管的高导热性，大大提高了工业余热的回收利用率；2、既能够作为固定式，也能作为移动式，储能和释能过程可以同步进行，也可以分开进行，从而解决了储能和释能过程在时间和空间上不相匹配的问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统的结构示意图；
图2为本发明中单个储能单元的结构示意图；
图3为本发明中单个储能单元的等轴测视图；
图4是实施例一中发散型脉动热管的示意图；
图5是实施例二中发散型脉动热管的示意图；
图6是实施例三中发散型脉动热管的示意图；
图7是实施例四中发散型脉动热管的示意图；
图8是实施例五中发散型脉动热管的示意图；
图中包括：1、储能单元，2、充热流道，3、放热环道，4、储能环道，5、卡槽，6、脉动热管分支，7、蒸发段，8、输送段，9、冷凝段，10、相变材料，11、放热环道端盖，12、储能环道端盖，13、翅片，14、根部端口，15、外壁。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
实施例一：
如图1所示为一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，包括若干同中心轴线串联的储能单元1，所述储能单元1包括由内向外同心设置的充热流道2、放热环道3及储能环道4；相邻的储能单元1之间的充热流道2、放热环道3和储能环道4均通过卡槽5配合连接，且各自连通；
其中，所述储能单元1内设置有发散型脉动热管，且发散型脉动热管包括若干沿储能单元1周向均布的脉动热管分支6；所述脉动热管分支6包括位于充热流道2内的蒸发段7、位于放热环道3内的输送段8及位于储能环道4内的冷凝段9，且相邻的脉动热管分支6之间通过蒸发段7的根部端口14依次连通，使得发散型脉动热管整体构成一个闭合回路；所述储能环道4内填充有与冷凝段9紧密接触的相变材料10，且首尾两端的储能单元1上设置有放热环道端盖11及储能环道端盖12。
所述卡槽5内设置有耐高温耐腐蚀的密封垫圈，有效阻止连接处的流体或相变材料10的泄露；如图3所示，所述储能环道4的外壁15为夹层结构，夹层中间可进行抽真空、填充保温材料或者填充相变材料10，以减小热损耗。
发散型脉动热管分支6上的三部分，几何形状结构丰富。如图2、4所示，本实施例中，所述脉动热管分支6的蒸发段7及输送段8呈直线形，其上布置有翅片13，且冷凝段9呈耳形。
所述发散型脉动热管的材质为耐温耐压耐腐蚀高导热材料，可以为紫铜、不锈钢以及其他金属、合金等；所述发散型脉动热管的工质可采用自湿润流体、微纳胶囊相变材料乳液或纳米流体，比如水/庚醇溶液、金属纳米水溶液。
所述相变材料10为中高温相变材料或中低温相变材料，具体可为复合相变材料、胶囊相变材料或金属基相变材料等，比如熔盐、水合盐或Zn-Mg合金相变材料。
所述发散型脉动热管的启动温度低于所述相变材料10的相变温度。
所述储能单元1之间可根据实际条件进行旋转调整，用来调节不同储能单元1之间发散型脉动热管的相对位置，以调节流道内的流动阻力，从而提高流道内流体与脉动热管的换热能力。
该储能系统采用发散型脉动热管作为热输送媒介，不需要其他强制流动的传热介质，节约能耗；储能释能装置既能够作为固定式，也能作为移动式。这里的移动式指所设计的储能系统不需要与热源固定在一起，其储热过程和放热过程可在不同的地方进行，比如在工厂进行储热，因为储热系统结构比较灵活，可以通过卡车运动需要的地方进行放热。
本发明合理地将相变材料高潜热的优势和脉动热管的高导热性结构灵活以及成本低廉等优势结合在一起，余热流体经过中心的充热流道，与发散型脉动热管根部的蒸发段换热，热量由脉动热管输送到端部的储能环道区域，脉动热管上的翅片能够提高换热效率，相变材料通过显热形式或潜热形式存储热量，储存的热量通过脉动热管输送到中部，向换热介质快速放热。因此，储能系统的储热过程和放热过程可以同步进行，也可以分开进行，解决了储热和放热在时间以及空间上的不匹配问题。
本发明中，所述储能单元的结构简单紧凑，系统外形可以根据实际结构灵活改变，并可多个单元进行连接组成大储能系统。本发明的若干个储能单元经过适当组合与设计后，适用于多种工业余热回收利用，具有潜在的经济价值和环保价值。
所述储能单元本身具有优良的储热和放热能力，针对不同储热温度范围，更换相变材料种类，脉动热管工质种类，脉动热管管壁材质种类可以满足要求。
实施例二：
如图5所示，本实施例中，所述脉动热管分支6的冷凝段9呈圆形结构，其他实施方式与实施例一相同。
实施例三：
如图6所示，本实施例中，所述脉动热管分支6的冷凝段9呈波浪形结构，其他实施方式与实施例一相同。
实施例四：
如图7所示，本实施例中，所述脉动热管分支6的冷凝段9呈三维螺旋形结构，其他实施方式与实施例一相同。
实施例五：
如图8所示，本实施例中，所述脉动热管分支6的输送段8呈半圆形结构，其他实施方式与实施例一相同。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，包括若干同中心轴线串联的储能单元(1)，所述储能单元(1)包括由内向外同心设置的充热流道(2)、放热环道(3)及储能环道(4)；相邻的储能单元(1)之间的充热流道(2)、放热环道(3)和储能环道(4)均通过卡槽(5)配合连接，且各自连通；
    其中，所述储能单元(1)内设置有发散型脉动热管，且发散型脉动热管包括若干沿储能单元(1)周向均布的脉动热管分支(6)；所述脉动热管分支(6)包括位于充热流道(2)内的蒸发段(7)、位于放热环道(3)内的输送段(8)及位于储能环道(4)内的冷凝段(9)，且相邻的脉动热管分支(6)之间通过蒸发段(7)的根部端口(14)依次连通；所述储能环道(4)内填充有相变材料(10)，且首尾两端的储能单元(1)上设置有放热环道端盖(11)及储能环道端盖(12)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述卡槽(5)内设置有耐高温耐腐蚀的密封垫圈。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述脉动热管分支(6)的蒸发段(7)、输送段(8)及冷凝段(9)可采用直线形、圆弧形或螺旋线形结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述脉动热管分支(6)上布置有翅片(13)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述发散型脉动热管的工质可采用自湿润流体、微纳胶囊相变材料乳液或纳米流体。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述相变材料(10)为中高温相变材料或中低温相变材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述发散型脉动热管的启动温度低于所述相变材料(10)的相变温度。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能环道(4)的外壁(15)为夹层结构，夹层中间可进行抽真空、填充保温材料或者填充相变材料(10)。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种相变材料与发散热管耦合储能系统，其特征在于，所述储能单元(1)之间可进行旋转调整。
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