WO2018192092A1 - 生命探测智能小车 - Google Patents
生命探测智能小车 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018192092A1 WO2018192092A1 PCT/CN2017/090278 CN2017090278W WO2018192092A1 WO 2018192092 A1 WO2018192092 A1 WO 2018192092A1 CN 2017090278 W CN2017090278 W CN 2017090278W WO 2018192092 A1 WO2018192092 A1 WO 2018192092A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D1/00—Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
- G05D1/02—Control of position or course in two dimensions
- G05D1/021—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
- G05D1/0231—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means
- G05D1/0242—Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means using non-visible light signals, e.g. IR or UV signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of disaster rescue equipment, and particularly relates to a life detecting intelligent car using a diffuse reflection infrared sensor, a pyroelectric infrared sensor, a single chip microcomputer, a GPS and a GSM module.
- the single-chip microcomputer module has the advantages of small size, light weight, low price, low power consumption, flexible expansion and convenient use. It is widely used in instrumentation, and can realize various measurement physical quantities by integrating various types of sensors. Information conversion and control is an integral part of automation.
- the GSM module is a terminal device of a very important GSM mobile communication system in addition to GSM mobile phones.
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- the GSM module is not affected by geographical and line, based on this module, the GSM network can be used as a wireless transmission network to generate various prospects. Extremely optimistic of all types of applications.
- the GSM short message function adopted by the invention can obtain the positioning information of the survivor, and has broad application prospects.
- the life detection smart car considers the complexity of the application environment, and will configure various types of sensors and communication modules to monitor the environment of the vehicle body and obtain effective information.
- the same body is light, small in size, flexible in movement, low in energy consumption, and can be used in long environments in complex environments. It can play a good role in crisis rescue detection or daily environmental monitoring and monitoring, and solve the problem of limited human activities. technical problem
- the present invention provides a simple and efficient life detecting smart car.
- a life detection smart car comprising: a single chip module, a motor drive module, an independent power supply module, an infrared obstacle avoidance module, a human body sensing module, a GPS module and a GSM module.
- the independent power module steps down the dry battery power supply to 7.2 volts to obtain standard 3.3 volt and 5 volt stable voltages, and provides power for other modules;
- the infrared obstacle avoidance module collects roadblock information and converts it into an electrical signal, and the infrared obstacle avoidance
- the output of the module is connected with the single chip module, and the single chip module controls the motor drive module to avoid the obstacle during driving;
- the human body sensing module senses the change of the infrared temperature of the human body and generates an electrical signal, and the output of the module is connected to the single chip module;
- the GSM module is connected with the single-chip module, and the location information of the person is sent to the mobile phone end of the user;
- the single-chip module adopts STM32F103R8T6 chip, the circuit crystal oscillator is connected with two 20pf capacitors grounded, and then a 1 ⁇ resistor is connected to the PD0-OSC_IN and PD1 pins of the single-chip module to form an oscillation circuit, and the single-chip module adopts SWD debugging.
- SWD's 4 pin is connected to 3.3v voltage
- 1 pin is grounded
- 2 pin SWCLK and 3 pin SWDIO are connected to PA14 port and PA13 port of MCU module respectively
- reset circuit is made by ⁇ . ⁇ grounding capacitor and lOkQ is connected to 3.3 ⁇ voltage resistor Connect the MRST module to form a single-chip module;
- the motor drive module is composed of two L293D chips and four motors, and the first L293D chip is responsible for driving the left front and right front motors, wherein the left front motor enable end 1 is connected to the PB1 port of the single chip module, and the left front motor
- the forward 2 pin and the reverse end 7 are respectively connected to the ⁇ 2 port and the PB12 port of the single chip module
- the right front motor enable end 9 pin is connected to the PB15 port of the single chip module
- the forward end 10 pin and the backward end 15 pin of the right front motor are respectively connected to the single chip microcomputer.
- the PB14 and PB13 ports of the module, the second L293D chip is responsible for driving the left rear and right rear motors, wherein the left rear motor enable terminal 1 is connected to the PA11 port of the single-chip module, and the left rear motor has the forward end 2 and the reverse end 7
- the feet are respectively connected to the PD2 port and the PC12 port of the single-chip module
- the right rear motor enable end 9 is connected to the ⁇ 8 port of the single-chip module
- the forward end 10 and the backward end 15 of the right rear motor are respectively connected to the ⁇ 3 port and the ⁇ 4 port of the single-chip module.
- 2 L293D chips are grounded at 4, 5, 12, 13 feet, 16 feet are connected to the power supply voltage 5 ⁇ , and a ⁇ . ⁇ filter capacitor is added next to the power supply.
- the 8 pins of the two L293D chips are connected to each other. Terminal voltage 7.2v, 3, 6, 11, 14 feet as the output, the input terminal connected with the MCU module is connected to the 5v voltage and uses the optocoupler to isolate the input and output signals, and also protects the 10 ports of the MCU module. Prevent it from being burned out;
- the independent power supply module performs a step-down process by the power conversion LM2576 module, reduces the power supply voltage 7.2v to the required voltage of 5v and stabilizes it, and then reduces the power supply voltage to the required voltage of 3.3v through the ASM1117 module and makes it Stable
- the infrared obstacle avoidance module is composed of two identical infrared obstacle avoidance modules on the left and right sides, and one of the two infrared obstacle avoidance modules is connected to the 5v voltage, the three feet are grounded, and the output end of the left infrared obstacle avoidance module is 2 feet.
- the human body sensing module adopts the HC_SR501 module, wherein the 1 pin is connected to the 5v voltage, and the 2 pin is used as the detection output terminal to connect the MCU module PB9 port, and the 3 pin is grounded;
- the GPS module adopts NEO-6M UBLOX module, wherein 4 feet are connected to 3.3v voltage, 3 feet are grounded, 1 pin is used as serial port 1 data transmitting end and single chip module PA2 port is connected, and 2 feet is used as serial port 1 data receiving. The end is connected to the PA3 port of the single chip module;
- the GSM module uses a SIM800 module, wherein 4 feet are connected to 5v voltage, 3 feet are grounded, 2 feet are used as serial port 2 data receiving end and MCU module PB11 port is connected, 1 pin is used as serial port 2 data transmitting end and single chip module PB 10 is connected.
- a life detecting intelligent car provided by an embodiment of the present invention adopts an infrared obstacle avoidance module to avoid ruin obstacles and realize a free walking function at a disaster relief site.
- a life detecting intelligent car provided by the embodiment of the invention adopts a human body sensing module to realize that the living body is stopped immediately, and the signal is sent to the single chip module, and the field data is collected.
- a life detecting intelligent car provided by the embodiment of the present invention is connected with a single chip computer module by using a GPS and a GSM module, and automatically transmits specific positioning information of the trapped person to the mobile phone, thereby improving the rescue rate and the degree of intelligence.
- a life detection smart car provided by an embodiment of the present invention adopts a sub-module design method, and wiring Uniformity makes the entire unit easy to disassemble and assemble, and can extend other functions such as video transmission, handset control, and more.
- FIG. 1 is a structural block diagram of a life detection smart car according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall circuit of a life detecting smart car according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single chip module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a motor drive module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an independent power module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an infrared obstacle avoidance module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a human body sensing module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a GPS module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a GSM module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the life detection smart car provided by the embodiment of the invention includes: a single chip module, a motor drive module, an independent power module, an infrared obstacle avoidance module, a human body sensing module, a GPS module and a GS M module. .
- the independent power module performs a step-down process on the dry battery power supply of 7.2 volts to obtain a standard 3.3 volt and 5 volt stable voltage to provide power for other modules;
- the infrared obstacle avoidance module collects roadblock information and converts it into an electrical signal, and infrared escaping
- the output of the barrier module is connected with the single chip module, and the single chip module controls the motor drive module to avoid obstacles during driving;
- the human body sensing module senses the change of the infrared temperature of the human body and generates an electrical signal, and the output of the module is connected to the single chip module;
- the GPS module is connected to the single chip module.
- the GSM module is connected with the single-chip module, and sends the location information of the person to the mobile phone end of the user, thereby improving the efficiency of the disaster ruin site investigation and the accuracy of locating the casualty.
- the single chip module adopts STM32F103R8T6 chip, and its circuit crystal oscillator is connected with two 20pf
- the capacitor is connected to the PD0-OSC_IN and PD1 pins of the MCU module by a 1 ⁇ resistor to form an oscillating circuit, wherein the crystal frequency is 11.0592 MHz.
- the oscillator begins to oscillate.
- the purpose of the oscillating circuit is to provide the required chirp pulse signal for the operation of the MCU module.
- the MCU module adopts the SWD debugging mode, wherein the SWD 4 pin is connected to the 3.3v power supply, the 1 pin is grounded, and the 2 pin SW
- CLK and 3 pins SWDIO are connected to PA14 port and PA13 port of MCU module respectively.
- the reset circuit is composed of a 0. port capacitance and a 10kQ 3.3v voltage resistor connected to the MRST module NRST port. The purpose is to make the MCU module start working after the power is turned on, and the internal circuit starts from the initial state.
- the motor drive module is composed of two L293D chips and four motors.
- the four motors are divided into left front, right front, left rear, and right rear.
- L293D is a high voltage, low current motor drive chip.
- the chip is available in a 16-pin package.
- the main features are: high working voltage, the highest working voltage can reach 36V; the output current is large, the instantaneous peak current can reach 2A, and the continuous working current is 1A.
- a high voltage, high current, full bridge driver with two H-bridges can be used to drive a DC motor.
- the first L293D chip is responsible for driving the left front and right front motors.
- the left front motor enable pin 1 is connected to the PB1 port of the MCU module.
- the PB1 output is 1 day
- the forward and reverse ends of the left front motor are active.
- the forward 2 pin and the reverse end 7 of the left front motor are respectively connected to the PB2 port and the PB12 port of the MCU module.
- the PB2 output is 1 ⁇
- the left front motor rotates forward, when the PB2 output is 0 ⁇ , the left front motor stops; when the PB12 outputs For 1 ⁇ , the left front motor reverses.
- the PB12 output is 0 ⁇
- the right front motor enable terminal 9 is connected to the PB15 port of the single-chip module.
- the forward end 10 and the reverse end 15 of the right front motor are respectively connected to the PB14 and PB13 ports of the single-chip module.
- the output of the PB15 is 1 ⁇
- the forward and backward of the right front motor The end is active.
- the output of PB14 is 1 ⁇
- the right front motor rotates forward.
- PB14 output is 0 ⁇
- PB13 output is 1 ⁇
- the right front motor reverses.
- PB13 output is 0 ⁇
- the second L293D chip is responsible for driving the left rear and right rear motors.
- the left rear motor enable terminal 1 is connected to the PA11 port of the single-chip module, and the forward end 2 pin and the backward end 7 pin of the left rear motor are respectively connected to the single-chip microcomputer.
- the PD2 port and PC12 port of the module when the output of PA11 is 1 ⁇ , the forward and reverse ends of the left rear motor are active. When the PD2 output is 1 ⁇ , the left rear motor rotates forward. When the PD2 output is 0, the left rear motor stops. When the MCU module output PC12 output is 1 ⁇ , the left rear motor reverses, when the PC12 output is 0 ⁇ , left rear The motor stops.
- the right rear motor enable terminal 9 is connected to the PA8 port of the single-chip module, and the forward end 10 and the backward end 15 of the right rear motor are respectively connected to the PB3 port and the PB4 port of the single-chip module.
- the PA8 output is 1 day
- the forward and reverse ends of the right rear motor are active.
- the PB3 output is 1 ⁇
- the right rear motor rotates forward.
- the PB3 output is 0, the right rear motor stops.
- the PB4 output is 1 ⁇
- the right rear motor reverses.
- the PB4 output is 0 ⁇ , the right rear motor stops. .
- Two L293D chips are grounded at 4, 5, 12, and 13 feet, and 16-pin is connected to a power supply voltage of 5 volts.
- the power supply is connected with a ⁇ . ⁇ filter capacitor.
- the 8 pins of the L293D are connected to the common ground terminal voltage of 7.2. ⁇ , 3,6,11,14 as the output terminal, the input terminal connected with the MCU module is connected to the 5 ⁇ voltage and uses the optocoupler to isolate the input and output signals, and also protects the 10 ports of the MCU module to prevent it. Burned out.
- the independent power supply module in order to generate different output voltages, usually connects the negative terminal of the comparator to the reference voltage, and the positive terminal is connected to the voltage dividing resistor network, so that different voltages can be selected according to different output voltages.
- the resistance value compares the output of the output voltage divider resistor network with the internal reference regulation value. If the voltage is biased, the amplifier can control the output duty cycle of the internal oscillator to stabilize the output voltage.
- the LM2576 module is stepped down by the power conversion to reduce the supply voltage of 7.2 ⁇ to the required voltage of 5 ⁇ and stabilize it.
- the ASM1117-3.3 is then used to reduce the power supply to the required voltage of 3.3 ⁇ and stabilize it.
- the infrared obstacle avoidance module is composed of two identical infrared obstacle avoidance modules on the left and right sides, and one of the two infrared obstacle avoidance modules is connected to the 5 ⁇ voltage, and the three legs are grounded, and the left infrared obstacle avoidance module is
- the output terminal 2 is connected to the MCU module ⁇ 8 port, and the output terminal of the right infrared obstacle avoidance module is connected to the MCU module ⁇ 7 port.
- the module has a pair of infrared emitting and receiving tubes. The transmitting tube emits infrared rays of a certain frequency.
- the detecting direction encounters an obstacle (reflecting surface)
- the infrared light is reflected back and received by the receiving tube, and after being processed by the comparator circuit, the green indication
- the lamp will light up, the output signal of the same signal output port 2 pin output continuous low level signal is sent to the MCU module ⁇ 8 port or ⁇ 7 port, the MCU module receives the external interrupt 0 signal, and controls the movement of the car through the external interrupt 0 program.
- the master chip controls the right wheel motor to stop, the left wheel rotates, and the car turns to the right. On the contrary, the left turn is the same.
- the main control chip controls the reversal of the left and right wheel motors, and the vehicle body retreats. Turn right after 10 seconds.
- the human body sensing module adopts the HC_SR501 module.
- the pyroelectric infrared sensor is a sensor that can detect infrared rays emitted by humans or animals and output electrical signals.
- the pyroelectric effect will be The charge Q is generated on the two electrodes, that is, a weak voltage U is generated between the two electrodes, and impedance conversion is performed through the field effect transistor, and finally a high-low level signal is output.
- pin 2 outputs a high level to the MCU module, and the MCU module issues a corresponding command to generate the corresponding action.
- the GPS module uses the NEO-6M UBLOX module to transmit positioning data to the MCU module through the UART serial port, and sends a set of data every second.
- the MCU module extracts the resolution latitude and longitude from the GPS module through the external interrupt control signal (detecting the human ⁇ ), and sends it to the user's mobile phone through the GSM module.
- the GSM module uses a SIM800 module.
- the 2 pin is used as the data receiving end of the serial port 2 and connected to the PB11 port of the MCU module.
- the 1 pin is used as the data transmitting end of the serial port 2 and is connected to the PB10 port of the MCU module.
- the MCU module extracts the resolution latitude and longitude from the GP S module through the external interrupt control signal (detected human ⁇ ), and sends it to the user's mobile phone through the GSM module.
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Abstract
一种生命探测智能小车,涉及灾害救援设备领域,包括:单片机模块,电机驱动模块,独立电源模块,红外避障模块,人体感应模块,GPS模块和GSM模块;独立电源模块对干电池电源降压,得到预定电压并为生命探测智能小车的其他模块提供电源;红外避障模块采集路障信息,并将路障信息转化为电信号;单片机模块控制电机驱动模块在行驶中避障;人体感应模块感应人体红外线温度的变化并产生电信号;GSM模块将人的位置发生至用户手机端。生命探测智能小车解决了灾难废墟现场救援难度高、效率低,搜救人员难以进入,伤员位置难以确定的问题,达到了实时监控车体所处环境,由智能小车进入狭小复杂环境中,提升救援效率的效果。
Description
发明名称:生命探测智能小车
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及灾害救援设备领域, 具体涉及一种应用漫反射式红外传感器、 热释 电红外传感器、 单片机、 GPS和 GSM模块的生命探测智能小车。
背景技术
[0002] 自然灾害、 人为灾难的发生常带有毁灭性的破坏力。 房屋坍塌, 桥梁断裂, 为 救援工作带来极大考验。 由于生命的脆弱, 在灾害发生后的第一吋间采取准确 的救援就显得尤为重要。 环境的恶劣往往会严重阻碍救援工作的幵展, 甚至对 施救者生命构成威胁。 借助带有生命探测功能的智能小车, 进入狭小的复杂环 境中, 搜索幸存者, 将会极大提升救援效率, 同吋避免环境的未知性可能会对 施救者造成的不必要伤害。
[0003] 单片机模块具有体积小巧、 质量轻、 价格便宜、 功耗低、 扩展灵活和使用方便 的优点, 其广泛应用于仪器仪表中, 通过集成各种类型的传感器可以实现对多 种测量物理量的信息转换和控制, 是实现自动化不可或缺的一个部分。
[0004] GSM模块是继 GSM手机外又一种非常重要的 GSM移动通信系统的终端设备。
它是传统调制解调器与 GSM无线移动通信系统相结合的一种数据终端设备, 由 于 GSM模块不受地域, 线路的影响, 所以基于这种模块, 以 GSM网络作为无线 传输网络, 可以幵发出多种前景极其乐观的各类应用。 本发明采用的 GSM短信 功能, 可以实吋获得幸存者的定位信息, 具有广阔的应用前景。
[0005] 在人类进入信息吋代的今天, 人们的一切社会活动都是以信息获取与信息转换 为中心的, 传感器作为信息获取与信息转换的重要手段, 是信息科学最前端的 一个阵地, 是实现信息化的基础技术之一。
[0006] 生命探测智能小车考虑应用环境的复杂性, 将配置各种类型的传感器及通信模 块等以实吋监控车体所处环境, 获取有效信息。 同吋车身轻便, 体积小, 运动 灵活, 耗能低, 可以在复杂环境中长吋间使用。 对危机救援探测或是日常环境 探测监控都可以起到良好作用, 解决了人类活动受限的问题。
技术问题
[0007] 为提高灾难废墟现场勘査的效率和定位伤员的准确率, 本发明提供了一种简单 , 高效的生命探测智能小车。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0008] 本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现: 一种生命探测智能小车, 包括: 单片机模 块, 电机驱动模块, 独立电源模块, 红外避障模块, 人体感应模块, GPS模块和 GSM模块。 所述独立电源模块将干电池电源 7.2伏进行降压处理得到标准的 3.3伏 和 5伏稳定的电压, 为其他模块提供电源; 所述红外避障模块采集路障信息并转 化为电信号, 红外避障模块的输出与单片机模块连接, 单片机模块控制电机驱 动模块在行驶中避障; 所述人体感应模块感应人体红外线温度的变化并产生电 信号, 该模块的输出连接所述单片机模块; 所述 GPS模块连接所述单片机模块; 所述 GSM模块与单片机模块相连接, 将人的位置信息发送到用户手机端;
[0009] 所述单片机模块采用 STM32F103R8T6芯片, 其电路晶振连接 2个 20pf的电容接 地, 再并上 1个 1ΜΩ的电阻连接单片机模块的 PD0-OSC_IN和 PD1脚, 构成振荡 电路, 单片机模块采用 SWD调试方式, 其中 SWD的 4脚接 3.3v电压, 1脚接地, 2 脚 SWCLK和 3脚 SWDIO分别接单片机模块的 PA14口和 PA13口, 复位电路由 Ο.ΐμί 接地电容和 lOkQ接 3.3ν电压的电阻连接单片机模块 NRST口构成;
[0010] 所述电机驱动模块, 由两块 L293D芯片和 4个电机组成, 第一块 L293D芯片负责 驱动左前和右前电机, 其中, 左前电机使能端 1脚连接单片机模块的 PB1口, 左 前电机的前进端 2脚和后退端 7脚分别连接单片机模块的 ΡΒ2口和 PB12口, 右前电 机使能端 9脚连接单片机模块的 PB15口, 右前电机的前进端 10脚和后退端 15脚分 别连接单片机模块的 PB14和 PB13口, 第二块 L293D芯片负责驱动左后和右后电 机, 其中, 左后电机使能端 1脚连接单片机模块的 PA11口, 左后电机的前进端 2 脚和后退端 7脚分别连接单片机模块的 PD2口和 PC12口, 右后电机使能端 9脚连 接单片机模块的 ΡΑ8口, 右后电机的前进端 10脚和后退端 15脚分别连接单片机模 块的 ΡΒ3口和 ΡΒ4口, 2块 L293D芯片都是 4,5,12,13脚接地, 16脚接电源电压 5ν, 其中电源旁加上一个 Ο.ΐμΐ的滤波电容, 2块 L293D芯片的 8脚都接公共接地端电压
7.2v, 3、 6、 11、 14脚作为输出端, 和单片机模块相连接的输入端都接入 5v电压 并用光耦对输入输出信号起隔离作用, 也对单片机模块的 10口起保护作用, 防 止其被烧坏;
[0011] 所述独立电源模块通过电源转换 LM2576模块做降压处理, 使电源电压 7.2v降到 5v要求电压并使其稳定, 再经过 ASM1117模块将电源电压降成 3.3v所需电压并使 其稳定;
[0012] 所述红外避障模块由左右 2个相同的红外避障模块构成, 2块红外避障模块的 1 脚都接 5v电压, 3脚都接地, 左红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接单片机模块 PB8口, 右红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接单片机模块 PB7口;
[0013] 所述人体感应模块采用 HC_SR501模块, 其中 1脚接 5v电压, 2脚作为检测输出 端接单片机模块 PB9口, 3脚接地;
[0014] 所述 GPS模块采用 NEO-6M UBLOX模块, 其中 4脚接 3.3v电压, 3脚接地, 1脚 作为串口 1的数据发送端与单片机模块 PA2口相连, 2脚作为串口 1的数据接收端 与单片机模块 PA3口相连;
[0015] 所述 GSM模块采用 SIM800模块, 其中 4脚接 5v电压, 3脚接地, 2脚作为串口 2 的数据接收端与单片机模块 PB11口相连, 1脚作为串口 2的数据发送端与单片机 模块 PB 10口相连。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0016] 本发明的有益效果是:
[0017] 1) 本发明实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车, 采用红外避障模块可以避幵 废墟障碍, 实现在救灾现场自如行走功能。
[0018] 2) 本发明实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车, 采用人体感应模块, 实现检 测出生命体立刻停下, 发送信号给单片机模块, 实吋采集现场数据。
[0019] 3) 本发明实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车, 使用 GPS与 GSM模块与单片 机模块相连, 实现自动发送受困人员的具体定位信息到手机, 提高救援率, 智 能化程度高。
[0020] 4) 本发明实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车, 采用分模块设计方法, 布线
均匀, 使得整个装置易于拆卸和组装, 还可以扩展其他功能, 例如视频传输, 手机控制等。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0021] 图 1为本发明一示例性实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车的结构框图;
[0022] 图 2为本发明一示例性实施例提供的一种生命探测智能小车整体电路原理图;
[0023] 图 3为本发明一示例性实施例提供的单片机模块原理图;
[0024] 图 4为本发明一示例性实施例提供的电机驱动模块原理图;
[0025] 图 5为本发明一示例性实施例提供的独立电源模块原理图;
[0026] 图 6为本发明一示例性实施例提供的红外避障模块原理图;
[0027] 图 7为本发明一示例性实施例提供的人体感应模块原理图;
[0028] 图 8为本发明一示例性实施例提供的 GPS模块原理图;
[0029] 图 9为本发明一示例性实施例提供的 GSM模块原理图。
本发明的实施方式
[0030] 下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步说明。
[0031] 如图 1和图 2所示, 本发明实施例提供的生命探测智能小车包括: 单片机模块, 电机驱动模块, 独立电源模块, 红外避障模块, 人体感应模块, GPS模块和 GS M模块。
[0032] 所述独立电源模块将干电池电源 7.2伏进行降压处理得到标准的 3.3伏和 5伏稳定 的电压, 为其他模块提供电源; 红外避障模块采集路障信息并转化为电信号, 红外避障模块的输出与单片机模块连接, 单片机模块控制电机驱动模块在行驶 中避障; 人体感应模块感应人体红外线温度的变化并产生电信号, 该模块的输 出连接所述单片机模块;
[0033] GPS模块连接单片机模块。
[0034] GSM模块与单片机模块相连接, 将人的位置信息发送到用户手机端, 提高灾难 废墟现场勘査的效率和定位伤员的准确率。
[0035] 如图 3所示, 单片机模块, 采用 STM32F103R8T6芯片, 其电路晶振连接 2个 20pf
的电容再并上 1ΜΩ的电阻连接单片机模块的 PD0-OSC_IN和 PD1脚, 构成振荡电 路, 其中晶振频率为 11.0592MHz。 当给单片机模块加上工作所需直流电源吋, 振荡器就幵始振荡起来。 振荡电路的目的是为单片机模块工作提供所需的吋钟 脉冲信号。
[0036] 单片机模块采用 SWD调试方式, 其中 SWD的 4脚接 3.3v电源, 1脚接地, 2脚 SW
CLK和 3脚 SWDIO分别接单片机模块的 PA14口和 PA13口。
[0037] 复位电路由 0. 港地电容和 10kQ接 3.3v电压的电阻连接单片机模块 NRST口构 成, 目的是使单片机模块上电幵始工作吋, 内部电路从初始状态幵始工作。
[0038]
[0039] 如图 4所示, 电机驱动模块由两块 L293D芯片和 4个电机组成。 4个电机分为左 前, 右前, 左后, 右后。
[0040] L293D是一种高电压、 小电流电机驱动芯片。 该芯片采用 16脚封装。 主要特点 是: 工作电压高, 最高工作电压可达 36V; 输出电流大, 瞬间峰值电流可达 2A, 持续工作电流为 1A。 内含两个 H桥的高电压大电流全桥式驱动器, 可以用来驱动 直流电动机。 启用 1,2EN驱动器和 3,4EN驱动器。 当使能输入为高电平吋, 相关 联的驱动器被启用, 输出处于活动状态。 当使能端输入为低电平吋, 这些驱动 器被禁用, 输出关闭, 处高阻抗状态。
[0041] 其中, 第一块 L293D芯片负责驱动左前和右前电机。 如图 2所示, 左前电机使 能端 1脚连接单片机模块的 PB1口, 当 PB1输出为 1日寸, 左前电机的前进端和后退 端处于活跃状态。 左前电机的前进端 2脚和后退端 7脚分别连接单片机模块的 PB2 口和 PB12口, 当 PB2输出为 1吋, 左前电机正转, 当 PB2输出为 0吋, 左前电机停 转; 当 PB12输出为 1吋, 左前电机反转, 当 PB12输出为 0吋, 左前电机停转。 右 前电机使能端 9脚连接单片机模块的 PB15口, 右前电机的前进端 10脚和后退端 15 脚分别连接单片机模块的 PB14和 PB13口, 当 PB15输出为 1吋, 右前电机的前进 端和后退端处于活跃状态。 当 PB14输出为 1吋, 右前电机正转, 当 PB14输出为 0 吋, 右前电机停转; 当 PB13输出为 1吋, 右前电机反转, 当 PB13输出为 0吋, 右 前电机停转。 第二块 L293D芯片负责驱动左后和右后电机。 左后电机使能端 1脚 连接单片机模块的 PA11口, 左后电机的前进端 2脚和后退端 7脚分别连接单片机
模块的 PD2口和 PC12口, 当 PA11输出为 1吋, 左后电机的前进端和后退端处于活 跃状态。 当 PD2输出为 1吋, 左后电机正转, 当 PD2输出为 0, 左后电机停转; 当 单片机模块输出 PC12输出为 1吋, 左后电机反转, 当 PC12输出为 0吋, 左后电机 停转。 右后电机使能端 9脚连接单片机模块的 PA8口, 右后电机的前进端 10脚和 后退端 15脚分别连接单片机模块的 PB3口和 PB4口。 当 PA8输出为 1日寸, 右后电机 的前进端和后退端处于活跃状态。 当 PB3输出为 1吋, 右后电机正转, 当 PB3输出 为 0, 右后电机停转; 当 PB4输出为 1吋, 右后电机反转, 当 PB4输出为 0吋, 右后 电机停转。
[0042] 2块 L293D芯片都是 4,5,12,13脚接地, 16脚接电源电压 5v, 其中电源旁加上一个 Ο.ΐμί的滤波电容, L293D的 8脚都接公共接地端电压 7.2ν, 3,6,11,14作为输出端, 和单片机模块相连接的输入端都接入 5ν电压并用光耦对输入输出信号起隔离作 用, 也对单片机模块的 10口起保护作用, 防止其被烧坏。
[0043] 如图 5所示, 独立电源模块, 为了产生不同的输出电压, 通常将比较器的负端 接基准电压, 正端接分压电阻网络, 这样可根据输出电压的不同选定不同的阻 值, 将输出电压分压电阻网络的输出同内部基准稳压值进行比较, 若电压有偏 差, 则可用放大器控制内部振荡器的输出占空比, 从而使输出电压保持稳定。 通过电源转换 LM2576模块做降压处理, 使电源电压 7.2ν降到 5ν要求电压并使其 稳定。 再经过 ASM1117-3.3将电源降成 3.3ν所需电压并使其稳定。
[0044] 如图 6所示, 红外避障模块由左右 2个相同的红外避障模块构成, 2块红外避障 模块的 1脚都接 5ν电压, 3脚都接地, 左红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接单片机模块 ΡΒ8口, 右红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接单片机模块 ΡΒ7口。 该模块具有一对红外 线发射与接收管, 发射管发射出一定频率的红外线, 当检测方向遇到障碍物 ( 反射面) 吋, 红外线反射回来被接收管接收, 经过比较器电路处理之后, 绿色 指示灯会亮起, 同吋信号输出接口 2脚输出数字信号持续输出低电平信号输送给 单片机模块 ΡΒ8口或 ΡΒ7口, 单片机模块接收到外部中断 0信号, 通过外部中断 0 程序, 来控制小车的运动。 当左侧检测到障碍, 即 ΡΒ8=0, ΡΒ7=1吋, 主控芯片 控制右轮电机停止, 左轮转动, 车向右方转向。 反之左转也一样。 当左右都检 测到障碍吋, 即 ΡΒ8=0, ΡΒ7=0, 主控芯片控制左轮和右轮电机反转, 车体后退
10秒后再右转。
[0045] 如图 7所示, 人体感应模块采用 HC_SR501模块, 热释电红外传感器是一种能检 测人或动物发射的红外线而输出电信号的传感器, 当温度变化吋, 热释电效应 会在两个电极上产生电荷 Q, 即在两电极之间产生微弱的电压 U, 通过场效应管 进行阻抗变换, 最终输出高低电平信号。 当有人进入其感应范围, 2脚则输出高 电平给单片机模块, 单片机模块发出相应指令产生相应动作。
[0046]
[0047] 如图 8所示, GPS模块利用 NEO-6M UBLOX模块,通过 UART串口发送定位数据 至单片机模块,每秒钟发送一组数据。 单片机模块通过外部中断的控制信号 (检 测到人吋) 从 GPS模块提取解析经纬度, 通过 GSM模块发送到用户手机。
[0048] 如图 9所示, GSM模块采用 SIM800模块。 2脚作为串口 2的数据接收端与单片机 模块 PB11口相连, 1脚作为串口 2的数据发送端与单片机模块 PB10口相连。 单片 机模块对 GSM模块采用 AT指令来控制, AT+CMGF=1,设置为文本格式, AT+G MGS用于发送短信。 单片机模块通过外部中断的控制信号 (检测到人吋) 从 GP S模块提取解析经纬度, 通过 GSM模块发送到用户手机。
[0049] 上述实施例仅仅是为清楚的说明本发明所做的实施举例, 而并非是对本发明的 实施方式的限定, 对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说, 在上述说明的基础上还 可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种生命探测智能小车, 其特征包括: 单片机模块、 电机驱动模块、 独立电源模块、 红外避障模块、 人体感应模块、 GPS模块和 GSM模块 ; 所述独立电源模块将干电池电源 7.2伏进行降压处理得到标准的 3.3 伏和 5伏稳定的电压, 为其他模块提供电源; 所述红外避障模块采集 路障信息并转化为电信号, 红外避障模块的输出与所述单片机模块连 接, 所述单片机模块控制所述电机驱动模块在行驶中避障; 所述人体 感应模块感应人体红外线温度的变化并产生电信号, 该模块的输出连 接所述单片机模块; 所述 GPS模块连接所述单片机模块; 所述 GSM模 块与所述单片机模块相连接, 将人的位置信息发送到用户手机端; 所述单片机模块采用 STM32F103R8T6芯片, 其电路晶振连接 2个 20pf 的电容接地, 再并上 1个 1ΜΩ的电阻连接单片机模块的 PD0-OSC_IN 和 PD1脚, 构成振荡电路, 单片机模块采用 SWD调试方式, 其中 SW D的 4脚接 3.3v电压, 1脚接地, 2脚 SWCLK和 3脚 SWDIO分别接单片 机模块的 PA14口和 PA13口, 复位电路由 Ο.ΐμ港地电容和 lOkQ接 3.3v 电压的电阻连接单片机模块 NRST口构成;
所述电机驱动模块, 由两块 L293D芯片和 4个电机组成, 第一块 L293 D芯片负责驱动左前和右前电机, 其中, 左前电机使能端 1脚连接所 述单片机模块的 PB1口, 左前电机的前进端 2脚和后退端 7脚分别连接 所述单片机模块的 PB2口和 PB12口, 右前电机使能端 9脚连接所述单 片机模块的 PB15口, 右前电机的前进端 10脚和后退端 15脚分别连接 所述单片机模块的 PB14和 PB13口, 第二块 L293D芯片负责驱动左后 和右后电机, 其中, 左后电机使能端 1脚连接所述单片机模块的 PA11 口, 左后电机的前进端 2脚和后退端 7脚分别连接所述单片机模块的 P D2口和 PC12口, 右后电机使能端 9脚连接所述单片机模块的 PA8口, 右后电机的前进端 10脚和后退端 15脚分别连接所述单片机模块的 PB3 口和 PB4口, 2块 L293D芯片都是 4,5,12,13脚接地, 16脚接电源电压 5v , 其中电源旁加上一个 Ο.ΐμΐ的滤波电容, 2块 L293D芯片的 8脚都接公
共接地端电压 7.2v, 3、 6、 11、 14脚作为输出端, 和所述单片机模块 相连接的输入端都接入 5v电压并用光耦对输入输出信号起隔离作用, 也对所述单片机模块的 10口起保护作用, 防止其被烧坏;
所述独立电源模块通过电源转换 LM2576模块做降压处理, 使电源电 压 7.2v降到 5v要求电压并使其稳定, 再经过 ASM1117模块将电源电压 降成 3.3v所需电压并使其稳定;
所述红外避障模块由左右 2个相同的红外避障模块构成, 2块红外避障 模块的 1脚都接 5v电压, 3脚都接地, 左红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接 所述单片机模块 PB8口, 右红外避障模块的输出端 2脚接所述单片机 模块 PB7口;
所述人体感应模块采用 HC_SR501模块, 其中 1脚接 5v电压, 2脚作为 检测输出端接所述单片机模块 PB9口, 3脚接地;
所述 GPS模块采用 NE0-6M UBL0X模块, 其中 4脚接 3.3v电压, 3脚接 地, 1脚作为串口 1的数据发送端与所述单片机模块 PA2口相连, 2脚 作为串口 1的数据接收端与所述单片机模块 PA3口相连;
所述 GSM模块采用 SIM800模块, 其中 4脚接 5v电压, 3脚接地, 2脚作 为串口 2的数据接收端与所述单片机模块 PB11口相连, 1脚作为串口 2 的数据发送端与所述单片机模块 PB10口相连。
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| CN105835030A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-08-10 | 江西师范大学 | 基于无线控制和视频传输的危险地域多功能探测车 |
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| US6535116B1 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2003-03-18 | Joe Huayue Zhou | Wireless vehicle monitoring system |
| CN103760899A (zh) * | 2013-05-30 | 2014-04-30 | 上海理工大学 | 红外生命检测机器人 |
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| CN105835030A (zh) * | 2016-06-22 | 2016-08-10 | 江西师范大学 | 基于无线控制和视频传输的危险地域多功能探测车 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110392195A (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-10-29 | 浙江省邮电工程建设有限公司 | 一种通信机房巡视系统 |
| CN110392195B (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-08 | 浙江省邮电工程建设有限公司 | 一种通信机房巡视系统 |
| CN113009936A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-06-22 | 杭州乐秀电子科技有限公司 | 一种暖风机的定位系统及定位控制方法 |
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