WO2018189374A1 - Exhaust-gas aftertreatment device with reformer and burner for an sofc system - Google Patents

Exhaust-gas aftertreatment device with reformer and burner for an sofc system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018189374A1
WO2018189374A1 PCT/EP2018/059537 EP2018059537W WO2018189374A1 WO 2018189374 A1 WO2018189374 A1 WO 2018189374A1 EP 2018059537 W EP2018059537 W EP 2018059537W WO 2018189374 A1 WO2018189374 A1 WO 2018189374A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
exhaust
heating means
exhaust gas
aftertreatment device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/059537
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Reissig
Vincent Lawlor
Jörg MATHÉ
Julian MAKINSON
Thomas Krauss
Bernd REITER
Original Assignee
Avl List Gmbh
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2018189374A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018189374A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J12/00—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • B01J12/007—Chemical processes in general for reacting gaseous media with gaseous media; Apparatus specially adapted therefor in the presence of catalytically active bodies, e.g. porous plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0214—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0221—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0257—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0423—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/0438—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being placed next to each other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0476—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds
    • B01J8/048—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more otherwise shaped beds the beds being superimposed one above the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0496—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
    • H01M8/04022—Heating by combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00106—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange
    • B01J2208/00309—Controlling the temperature by indirect heat exchange with two or more reactions in heat exchange with each other, such as an endothermic reaction in heat exchange with an exothermic reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2208/00415—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements electric resistance heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00504—Controlling the temperature by means of a burner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
    • H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment device for a fuel cell system, in particular for a SOFC system, for processing a fuel for a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment unit comprises a reformer for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section and an annular exhaust gas burner arranged around the reformer for burning fuel gas from the fuel cell stack.
  • the invention further relates to a fuel cell system having an exhaust aftertreatment device as described above and a motor vehicle having the fuel cell system.
  • a catalyst unit for a high-temperature fuel cell system or an SOFC system with a reformer catalyst of a reformer for the treatment of a fuel for a fuel cell and an oxidation dationskatalysator an exhaust gas burner for the exhaust aftertreatment of the fuel cell emerges.
  • the oxidation catalyst is arranged annularly around the cylindrically designed reforming catalyst.
  • the gas paths of the oxidation catalyst and the reforming catalyst are separated by a metal catalyst accommodating the reforming catalyst, the metal pipe having a sleeve forming a housing for the reforming catalyst and an inner pipe forming the inner wall of the annular oxidation catalyst.
  • a particularly effective heat transfer between the reforming catalyst and the oxidation catalyst or between the reformer and the exhaust gas burner can be realized in a compact manner.
  • a starting burner is arranged in the fuel cell system, which can additionally heat or preheat the oxidation catalyst, in particular during a start operation of the fuel cell system. It is desirable, especially for mobile purposes, to keep the number of components and thus the size and weight of a fuel cell system as small as possible or low.
  • Object of the present invention is to at least partially take into account the problem described above.
  • it is the task of The present invention to provide a compact, lightweight and simple exhaust aftertreatment device for use in a fuel cell system of the type mentioned as possible.
  • an exhaust aftertreatment device for a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack having an anode portion and a cathode portion.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device includes a reformer for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section and an exhaust gas burner for burning fuel gas from the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas burner being at least partially annularly disposed around the reformer.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device further includes a fuel gas passage section for supplying the fuel gas to the exhaust gas burner.
  • the exhaust gas combustor includes an exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst for combusting fuel gas directed from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust gas burner.
  • a heating means for preheating the fuel gas or optionally introduced fuel is arranged in the fuel gas line section.
  • fuel gas is understood to mean anode and cathode offgas, oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air or ambient air with injected fuel, each by itself or in mixtures with one another.
  • the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter can be preheated efficiently at system start and in particular be operated with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons as fuels.
  • liquid fuel is used in particular.
  • the heating means is thus configured for preheating the fuel gas and / or the particular fuel used, before this / these meets the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst. Accordingly, the heating means is arranged in a fuel gas flow direction upstream of the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst.
  • the preheating method makes it possible to integrate in the exhaust gas burner starting burner and afterburner functionalities in a component or form as a common component.
  • the heating means is preferably arranged directly in front of or at the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter.
  • the fuel gas heated by the heating medium can enter the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter without or substantially without further thermal interactions with the surroundings from the heating medium.
  • the present exhaust gas aftertreatment device can be provided in a particularly compact manner.
  • the reformer and the exhaust gas burner are arranged in a common housing or surrounded by this housing substantially, at least in sections.
  • the fuel gas line section may be configured in which the heating means is located.
  • the exhaust gas burner is preferably arranged with respect to a fuel gas flow direction corresponding to the downstream of the heating medium.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device is particularly designed for use in a SOFC system.
  • the reformer preferably has a reforming catalyst by means of which the fuel required at the anode section can be reformed or generated. Since the reforming taking place in the reformer is endothermic, a heat input from the exhaust gas burner, in which an exothermic reaction takes place when burning the fuel gas, is of crucial importance.
  • the exhaust gas burner annularly around the reformer forth is arranged to heat transfer from the exhaust gas burner to the reformer can be realized in a particularly effective manner.
  • the fuel gas conduit section can form part of an anode exhaust gas line and / or cathode exhaust gas line or can be designed as a connection piece for supplying the anode exhaust gas and / or cathode exhaust gas in normal operation from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust gas burner.
  • the housing described above may be connected to the cathode portion and / or the anode portion by the fuel gas conduit portion, which in normal operation connects to exhaust passages of anode and cathode portions located outside or at least substantially outside of the housing in fluid communication.
  • the cathode exhaust gas comprises predominantly air, whereas the anode exhaust gas also contains (unreacted) fuel.
  • the fuel gas is a mixture of cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas, the mixture is burned; In normal operation, exhaust gas is used as fuel gas; if necessary, air (ambient) and additional fuel can also be added.
  • a fuel cell stack is understood to mean the stack module, which comprises a cathode section and an anode section.
  • the heating means may be understood to mean a one-part or multi-part component, at least the main constituent of the heating medium being located in the fuel gas line section. That is, the heating means is at least partially disposed in the fuel gas passage portion in which, in particular, a mixture of cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas flows. Line sections which are required for heating a heating element of the heating means do not have to be arranged, for example, or at least not completely in the anode exhaust gas and / or cathode exhaust line section.
  • the exhaust gas burner is arranged at least in sections, in particular around a central axis, coaxially with the reformer.
  • the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment device comprises an electrical, in particular plate-shaped, heating means.
  • an electric heating medium With the help of an electric heating medium, the fuel gas can be heated particularly easily and efficiently.
  • an electrical can be placed in the exhaust aftertreatment device to save space. Electric heating means can also be provided relatively inexpensively.
  • a plate-shaped heating means is to be understood as meaning a heating means which, compared with a height of the heating means, has a length which is several times greater and also several times greater.
  • the height of the heating means preferably extends in an exhaust gas flow direction (or fuel gas flow direction) and / or in a direction along the above-described central axis, around which the reformer and the exhaust gas burner are at least partially coaxial, possibly at least partially rotationally symmetrical are.
  • the plate shape of the heating means is not limited to a specific geometric shape.
  • a plate-shaped heating means may also have one or more passage openings.
  • the heating means can comprise a heating medium oxidation catalytic converter in an exhaust gas aftertreatment device according to the invention.
  • the heating means can basically operate autonomously or essentially autonomously. Accordingly, could be dispensed with aids such as supply lines to the heating means.
  • the heating means can be provided in a particularly space-saving manner.
  • the degree of complexity of the exhaust aftertreatment device can thereby be kept low.
  • the heating means has both the electrical heating means and the heating medium oxidation catalyst.
  • the heating-agent oxidation catalyst can first be brought to a predefined operating temperature, in order then to be able to function with corresponding efficiency.
  • the heating medium oxidation catalyst may be configured as a coating of the electrical heating means.
  • the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment device is arranged coaxially with the exhaust gas burner or substantially coaxially with the exhaust gas burner. Due to the coaxial arrangement, the heating means can be particularly space-saving positioned on the exhaust gas burner. By such an arrangement, the heating means is also arranged aerodynamically in the fuel gas line section. Accordingly, at a such design flow turbulence in the fuel gas can be avoided or at least reduced.
  • the heating means is designed disk-shaped and an outer circumference of the heating means corresponds to an inner circumferential section of the fuel gas line section. This makes it possible to use the available space in the exhaust aftertreatment device effectively.
  • the heating means preferably has the same or substantially the same diameter as the exhaust gas burner.
  • the exhaust gas burner and the heating means are arranged in a portion of the fuel gas piping section in which the inner diameter of the fuel gas piping section stays the same or substantially the same from the position of the heating means to the position of the exhaust gas burner.
  • the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment unit is configured in a ring shape and arranged at least in sections around the reformer, in particular directly or substantially directly on the oxidation catalyst.
  • the fuel gas line section preferably extends at least in sections annularly around the reformer. Characterized in that the heating means can be pushed in an annular configuration basically like the exhaust gas burner on the reformer, no space for the heating medium must be created in the fuel gas line section before the reformer.
  • the proposed measure can increase the stability of the reformer / combustor combination.
  • At least one fuel injector for injecting fuel into the fuel gas line section in particular in the direction of the heating means or in the flow direction of the fuel gas, is arranged.
  • the injected fuel can be conveyed via the heating means to the exhaust gas burner, whereby it can be operated even more effectively.
  • the heating means comprises the electric heater or the Schuffen- oxidation catalyst, can be due to the injected fuel in the fuel gas line section and the exhaust gas burner accordingly effectively Run system start - the exhaust gas burner acts as the starting burner for the system.
  • the at least one fuel injector is arranged coaxially with the heating means.
  • a longitudinal axis of the fuel injector thus runs parallel to or coincident with a longitudinal axis of the heating medium.
  • a longitudinal axis of the fuel injector is preferably arranged parallel to a fuel gas flow direction.
  • an exhaust aftertreatment device it is possible that two fuel injectors for injecting fuel are arranged in the fuel gas passage portion, and an injection direction of the fuel injectors is respectively transverse to a fuel gas flow direction.
  • the fuel injected into the fuel gas conduit section can be effectively mixed with the exhaust gas or fuel gas. Even otherwise, the fuel can be well distributed in the fuel gas line section.
  • the heating means and the exhaust gas burner can be wetted with the fuel. This in turn leads to a correspondingly effective combustion, both on a heating means with heating medium oxidation catalyst and the exhaust gas burner.
  • a cooling fluid passage for cooling the at least one fuel injector is disposed on the at least one fuel injector, the cooling fluid passage being part of an oxygen supply passage for supplying oxygen into the fuel gas passage section for combustion with fuel wherein the at least one fuel injector is injected into the fuel gas passage portion, and wherein the cooling fluid passage is disposed upstream of an end portion of the oxygen supply passage opening into the fuel gas passage portion.
  • oxygen or an oxygen-containing fluid which is supplied to the fuel gas line section for better combustion at the exhaust gas burner and / or at the heating means can additionally be used as cooling fluid for cooling the at least one fuel injector.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device can be operated particularly efficiently. By cooling the at least one fuel injector, it can be protected from overheating by the temperatures occurring in the fuel gas line section. This contributes to the safe operation of the exhaust aftertreatment device.
  • a fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack having an anode portion and a cathode portion.
  • the fuel cell system further includes an exhaust aftertreatment device as described in detail above wherein the reformer is in fluid communication with the anode portion for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode portion and the exhaust gas combustor is in fluid communication with the anode and cathode portions for combusting fuel gas.
  • a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system as described above is proposed.
  • the fuel cell system is therefore designed for mobile use.
  • a motor vehicle according to the invention thus also brings with it the advantages, as they have been described in detail in the present case. Further, measures improving the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments of the invention, which are shown schematically in the figures. Any features and / or advantages resulting from the claims, the description or the drawing, including constructive details and spatial arrangements, may be essential to the invention, both individually and in the various combinations.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is an exhaust aftertreatment device according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 3 shows an exhaust aftertreatment device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel cell system 1000 with an exhaust aftertreatment device 100a according to the invention.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a includes a reformer 20 and an exhaust gas burner 30 disposed annularly thereabout.
  • the fuel cell system 1000 further includes a fuel cell stack 200 having an anode portion 210 and a cathode portion 220.
  • the anode portion 210 is in fluid communication with the reformer 20 through a reformer exhaust line 22.
  • the anode portion 210 is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas combustor 30 through an anode exhaust gas line 21 1.
  • Oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air or ambient air from the environment of the fuel cell system 1000, can be supplied to the exhaust gas burner 30 through an oxygen supply line 70.
  • the cathode portion 220 is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas combustor 30 through a cathode exhaust gas line 221.
  • the fuel cell system 1000 further includes a heat exchanger 400 and an evaporator 500.
  • the heat exchanger 400 in particular its hot side, is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas burner 30 through a gas burner exhaust pipe 300.
  • a supply line to the cathode section 220 of the fuel cell stack 200 extends through a cold side of the heat exchanger 400.
  • the evaporator 500 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 400 and is in thermal operative connection therewith. In addition, the evaporator 500 is in fluid communication with the reformer 20 through a reformer feed line 21.
  • the reformer 20 and the exhaust gas burner 30 are arranged in a housing 10 or in a reaction space of the housing 10.
  • the illustrated exhaust aftertreatment device 100a includes a reformer 20 for supplying reformed anode feed gas to the anode section 210 and an exhaust gas combustor 30 for combusting fuel gas, which predominantly contains anode and cathode exhaust gas in normal operation, from the cathode section 220 and anode section 210, the exhaust gas combustor 30 being annular is arranged around the reformer 20 around.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a has a fuel gas passage portion 50 for supplying the cathode and anode off-gas to the exhaust gas burner 30.
  • the fuel gas line section 50 can be understood as a continuation of the cathode exhaust gas line 221, into which the anode exhaust gas line 21 1 opens in the illustrated embodiment. Embodiments in which the fuel gas line section 50 is charged only via the cathode exhaust gas line 221 or only via the anode exhaust gas line 21 1 are also possible.
  • the exhaust gas combustor 30 shown in FIG. 2 has an exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst 31 for burning fuel gas and anode and cathode exhaust gas, respectively, which is conducted from the anode and cathode sections to the exhaust gas burner 30.
  • a heating means 40 for preheating the fuel gas before it hits the exhaust gas burner 30, in addition to the exhaust gas burner 30 upstream of the same.
  • the heating means 40 is designed as an electric, (hole) disk or annular heating means 40 with a heating medium.
  • the heating means 40 is further arranged coaxially with the exhaust gas burner 30.
  • An outer periphery of the heating means 40 corresponds to an inner peripheral portion of the fuel gas passage portion 50. That is, the outer The periphery of the heating means abuts against the inner peripheral portion of the fuel gas passage portion 50 and adjoins thereto.
  • the heating means 40 is also arranged around the reformer 20 directly on the oxidation catalyst 31.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a shown in FIG. 2 has two fuel injectors 61, 62 for injecting fuel into the cathode exhaust gas line section 50, wherein an injection direction of the fuel injectors 61, 62 extends transversely, more precisely orthogonally, to a fuel gas flow direction D1 ,
  • the fuel gas flow direction D1 is intended to reflect the essential flow direction of the fuel gas through the fuel gas line section 50 or through the heating device 40 and the exhaust gas burner 30.
  • the two fuel injectors 61, 62 are arranged with their respective Brennstoffauslassö réelle facing each other and aligned orthogonal to the fuel gas passage direction D1.
  • FIG. 3 shows an exhaust aftertreatment device 100 b according to a second embodiment.
  • the exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment substantially corresponds to the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a of the first embodiment, and therefore, referring to the exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment, only the critical distinguishing features will be explained below.
  • the decisive distinguishing feature of the exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment is the heating means 40, which is not annular disk-shaped, but disc-shaped without passage opening. Accordingly, the heating means 40 is not seated annularly on the reformer 20 on the exhaust gas burner 30, but is arranged upstream of the exhaust gas burner 30 in the fuel gas line section 50.
  • a fuel injector 60 for injecting fuel into the fuel gas passage portion 50 is arranged in the direction of the heating means 40, the fuel injector 60 being aligned coaxially with the heating means 40. That is, the Brennstoffauslassö réelle the fuel injector 60 is directed straight to the heating means 40.
  • a longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 60 is arranged parallel or coaxial to the heating means or parallel to a not shown in Fig. 3 fuel gas flow direction (D1 in Fig. 2).
  • a cooling fluid conduit 71 for cooling the fuel injector 60 is disposed on the fuel injector 60 and on a main body thereof, respectively.
  • the cooling fluid passage 71 is configured as part of an oxygen supply passage 70 for supplying oxygen into the fuel gas passage portion 50 for combustion with the fuel injected into the fuel gas passage portion 50 through the fuel injector 60.
  • the cooling fluid passage 71 is disposed upstream of an end portion 72 of the oxygen supply passage 70 opening into the fuel gas passage portion 50.

Abstract

The present invention relates to an exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (100a; 100b) for a fuel cell system (1000) which has a fuel cell stack (200) with an anode section (210) and a cathode section (220), with a reformer (20) for feeding reformed anode feed gas to the anode section (210), an exhaust-gas burner (30) for the combustion of combustion gas from the cathode section (220), wherein the exhaust-gas burner (30) is arranged in ring-shaped fashion around the reformer (20), and a combustion gas line section (50) for feeding the cathode exhaust gas to the exhaust-gas burner (30), wherein the exhaust-gas burner (30) has an exhaust-gas burner oxidation catalyst (31) for heating combustion gas which is conducted from the cathode section to the exhaust-gas burner (30), and a heating means (40) for the combustion of the combustion gas is arranged in the combustion gas line section (50). The invention also relates to a fuel cell system (1000) with the exhaust-gas aftertreatment device (100a; 100b) according to the invention and to a motor vehicle with the fuel cell system (1000).

Description

Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung mit Reformer und Brenner für ein SOFC- System  Exhaust after-treatment device with reformer and burner for a SOFC system
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem, insbesondere für ein SOFC-System, zur Aufbereitung eines Kraftstoffs für einen Brennstoffzellenstapel des Brennstoffzellensystems, wobei die Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit einen Reformer zum Zuführen von reformiertem Ano- denzuführgas zum Anodenabschnitt und einen ringförmig um den Reformer herum angeordneten Abgasbrenner zum Verbrennen von Brenngas vom Brennstoffzellenstapel aufweist. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Brennstoffzellensystem mit einer wie vorstehend beschriebenen Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung sowie ein Kraftfahrzeug mit dem Brennstoffzellensystem. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas aftertreatment device for a fuel cell system, in particular for a SOFC system, for processing a fuel for a fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system, wherein the exhaust aftertreatment unit comprises a reformer for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section and an annular exhaust gas burner arranged around the reformer for burning fuel gas from the fuel cell stack. The invention further relates to a fuel cell system having an exhaust aftertreatment device as described above and a motor vehicle having the fuel cell system.
Aus der AT 513 932 A1 geht eine Katalysatoreinheit für ein Hochtemperatur- Brennstoffzellensystem bzw. ein SOFC-System mit einem Reformerkatalysator eines Reformers zur Aufbereitung eines Kraftstoffs für eine Brennstoffzelle und einem Oxi- dationskatalysator eines Abgasbrenners für die Abgasnachbehandlung der Brennstoffzelle hervor. Gemäß AT 513 932 A1 ist der Oxidationskatalysator ringförmig um den zylindrisch ausgeführten Reformerkatalysator angeordnet. Die Gaspfade des Oxidationskatalysators und des Reformerkatalysators sind durch ein den Reformerkatalysator aufnehmendes Metallrohr getrennt, wobei das Metallrohr eine Hülse aufweist, die ein Gehäuse für den Reformerkatalysator bildet, sowie ein Innenrohr, das die Innenwand des ringförmigen Oxidationskatalysators bildet. Durch eine solche Anordnung kann auf kompakte Weise ein besonders effektiver Wärmetransport zwischen dem Reformerkatalysator und dem Oxidationskatalysator bzw. zwischen dem Reformer und dem Abgasbrenner realisiert werden. Für ein zusätzliches Erhitzen des Oxidationskatalysators ist in dem Brennstoffzellensystem ein Startbrenner angeordnet, der den Oxidationskatalysator insbesondere bei einem Startbetrieb des Brennstoffzellensystems zusätzlich erhitzen oder vorheizen kann. Dabei ist es, insbesondere für mobile Zwecke, wünschenswert, die Bauteilanzahl und somit die Größe und das Gewicht eines Brennstoffzellensystems möglichst klein bzw. gering zu halten. From AT 513 932 A1, a catalyst unit for a high-temperature fuel cell system or an SOFC system with a reformer catalyst of a reformer for the treatment of a fuel for a fuel cell and an oxidation dationskatalysator an exhaust gas burner for the exhaust aftertreatment of the fuel cell emerges. According to AT 513 932 A1, the oxidation catalyst is arranged annularly around the cylindrically designed reforming catalyst. The gas paths of the oxidation catalyst and the reforming catalyst are separated by a metal catalyst accommodating the reforming catalyst, the metal pipe having a sleeve forming a housing for the reforming catalyst and an inner pipe forming the inner wall of the annular oxidation catalyst. By such an arrangement, a particularly effective heat transfer between the reforming catalyst and the oxidation catalyst or between the reformer and the exhaust gas burner can be realized in a compact manner. For an additional heating of the oxidation catalyst, a starting burner is arranged in the fuel cell system, which can additionally heat or preheat the oxidation catalyst, in particular during a start operation of the fuel cell system. It is desirable, especially for mobile purposes, to keep the number of components and thus the size and weight of a fuel cell system as small as possible or low.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, der voranstehend beschriebenen Problematik zumindest teilweise Rechnung zu tragen. Insbesondere ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine möglichst kompakte, leichte und einfach aufgebaute Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung zur Verwendung in einem Brennstoffzellensystem der eingangs genannten Art zur Verfügung zu stellen. Object of the present invention is to at least partially take into account the problem described above. In particular, it is the task of The present invention to provide a compact, lightweight and simple exhaust aftertreatment device for use in a fuel cell system of the type mentioned as possible.
Die voranstehende Aufgabe wird durch die Patentansprüche gelöst. Insbesondere wird die voranstehende Aufgabe durch die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 , das Brennstoffzellensystem gemäß Anspruch 1 1 sowie das Kraftfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 12 gelöst. Weitere Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, der Beschreibung und den Zeichnungen. Dabei gelten Merkmale und Details, die im Zusammenhang mit der Abgasnachbehandlungsvor- richtung beschrieben sind, selbstverständlich auch im Zusammenhang mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffzellensystem, dem Kraftfahrzeug und jeweils umgekehrt, sodass bezüglich der Offenbarung zu den einzelnen Erfindungsaspekten stets wechselseitig Bezug genommen wird bzw. werden kann. The above object is solved by the claims. In particular, the above object is achieved by the exhaust aftertreatment device according to claim 1, the fuel cell system according to claim 1 1 and the motor vehicle according to claim 12. Further advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. In this case, features and details that are described in connection with the Abgasnachbehandlungsvor- direction, of course, in connection with the fuel cell system according to the invention, the motor vehicle and in each case vice versa, so with respect to the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention always reciprocal reference is or may be.
Gemäß eines ersten Aspekts der vorliegenden Erfindung wird eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem, das einen Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einem Anodenabschnitt und einem Kathodenabschnitt aufweist, zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung weist einen Reformer zum Zuführen von reformiertem Anodenzuführgas zum Anodenabschnitt und einen Abgas- brenner zum Verbrennen von Brenngas vom Brennstoffzellenstapel auf, wobei der Abgasbrenner zumindest abschnittsweise ringförmig um den Reformer herum angeordnet ist. Die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung weist ferner einen Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt zum Zuführen des Brenngases zum Abgasbrenner auf. Der Abgasbrenner weist einen Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysator zum Verbrennen von Brenngas, das vom Brennstoffzellenstapel zum Abgasbrenner geleitet wird, auf. Außerdem ist im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt ein Heizmittel zum Vorheizen des Brenngases bzw. gegebenenfalls eingebrachten Brennstoffs angeordnet. According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an exhaust aftertreatment device for a fuel cell system having a fuel cell stack having an anode portion and a cathode portion. The exhaust aftertreatment device includes a reformer for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section and an exhaust gas burner for burning fuel gas from the fuel cell stack, the exhaust gas burner being at least partially annularly disposed around the reformer. The exhaust aftertreatment device further includes a fuel gas passage section for supplying the fuel gas to the exhaust gas burner. The exhaust gas combustor includes an exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst for combusting fuel gas directed from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust gas burner. In addition, a heating means for preheating the fuel gas or optionally introduced fuel is arranged in the fuel gas line section.
Unter Brenngas werden im Rahmen der vorliegenden Offenbarung Anoden- und Kathodenabgas, Sauerstoff bzw. ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere Luft bzw. Umgebungsluft mit eingedüstem Brennstoff jeweils für sich oder in Mischungen un- tereinander verstanden. In the context of the present disclosure, fuel gas is understood to mean anode and cathode offgas, oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air or ambient air with injected fuel, each by itself or in mixtures with one another.
Durch das im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt angeordnete Heizmittel kann der Abgas- brenner-Oxidationskatalysator effizient beim Systemstart vorgeheizt und insbesonde- re mit flüssigen oder gasförmigen Kohlenwasserstoffen als Brennstoffen betrieben werden. Beim Systemstart wird insbesondere flüssiger Brennstoff verwendet. Das Heizmittel ist demnach zum Vorheizen des des Brenngases und/oder des jeweils verwendeten Brennstoffs ausgestaltet, bevor dieses/dieser auf den Abgasbrenner- Oxidationskatalysator trifft. Entsprechend ist das Heizmittel in einer Brenngasströmungsrichtung stromaufwärts des Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysators angeordnet. Die Vorheizmethode macht es möglich, im Abgasbrenner Startbrenner und Nachbrennerfunktionalitäten in einer Komponente zu integrieren bzw. als eine gemeinsame Komponente auszubilden. Für eine besonders effektive Vorheizwirkung ist das Heizmittel vorzugsweise direkt vor bzw. am Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysator angeordnet. Dadurch kann das durch das Heizmittel erhitzte Brenngas ohne oder im Wesentlichen ohne weitere thermische Wechselwirkungen mit der Umgebung aus dem Heizmittel direkt in den Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysator eintreten. By means of the heating means arranged in the fuel gas line section, the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter can be preheated efficiently at system start and in particular be operated with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons as fuels. At system startup, liquid fuel is used in particular. The heating means is thus configured for preheating the fuel gas and / or the particular fuel used, before this / these meets the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst. Accordingly, the heating means is arranged in a fuel gas flow direction upstream of the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst. The preheating method makes it possible to integrate in the exhaust gas burner starting burner and afterburner functionalities in a component or form as a common component. For a particularly effective preheating effect, the heating means is preferably arranged directly in front of or at the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter. As a result, the fuel gas heated by the heating medium can enter the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalytic converter without or substantially without further thermal interactions with the surroundings from the heating medium.
Durch die Anordnung des Heizmittels in der Nähe des Abgasbrenner- Oxidationskatalysators kann die vorliegende Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung besonders kompakt bereitgestellt werden. Vorzugsweise sind der Reformer und der Abgasbrenner in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse angeordnet bzw. von diesem Gehäuse im Wesentlichen, zumindest abschnittsweise, umgeben. Innerhalb dieses Gehäuses kann auch der Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt ausgestaltet sein, in welchem sich das Heizmittel befindet. Eine solche Ausgestaltungsvariante kann entsprechend kompakt realisiert werden. Im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt ist vorzugsweise außerdem der Abgasbrenner, mit Bezug auf eine Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung entsprechend stromabwärts des Heizmittels, angeordnet. By disposing the heating means in the vicinity of the exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst, the present exhaust gas aftertreatment device can be provided in a particularly compact manner. Preferably, the reformer and the exhaust gas burner are arranged in a common housing or surrounded by this housing substantially, at least in sections. Within this housing, the fuel gas line section may be configured in which the heating means is located. Such a design variant can be realized correspondingly compact. In addition, in the fuel gas piping section, the exhaust gas burner is preferably arranged with respect to a fuel gas flow direction corresponding to the downstream of the heating medium.
Die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung ist insbesondere zur Verwendung in einem SOFC-System ausgestaltet. Der Reformer weist zum Reformieren des dem Anodenabschnitt zugeführten Brennstoffs vorzugsweise einen Reformerkatalysator auf, mittels welchem der am Anodenabschnitt benötigte Brennstoff reformiert bzw. erzeugt werden kann. Da die im Reformer stattfindende Reformierung endotherm abläuft, ist ein Wärmeeintrag vom Abgasbrenner, in welchem beim Verbrennen des Brenngases eine exotherme Reaktion stattfindet, von entscheidender Bedeutung. Durch den vorliegenden Aufbau, bei welchem der Abgasbrenner ringförmig um den Reformer her- um angeordnet wird, kann ein Wärmetransport vom Abgasbrenner zum Reformer auf besonders effektive Weise realisiert werden. The exhaust aftertreatment device is particularly designed for use in a SOFC system. For reforming the fuel supplied to the anode section, the reformer preferably has a reforming catalyst by means of which the fuel required at the anode section can be reformed or generated. Since the reforming taking place in the reformer is endothermic, a heat input from the exhaust gas burner, in which an exothermic reaction takes place when burning the fuel gas, is of crucial importance. By the present construction, in which the exhaust gas burner annularly around the reformer forth is arranged to heat transfer from the exhaust gas burner to the reformer can be realized in a particularly effective manner.
Der Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt kann einen Teil einer Anodenabgasleitung und/oder Kathodenabgasleitung bilden bzw. anschließend an diese ausgeführt sein oder als Verbindungsstück zum Zuführen des Anodenabgases und/oder Kathodenabgases im Normalbetrieb vom Brennstoffzellenstapel zum Abgasbrenner verstanden werden. In einem zugehörigen Brennstoffzellensystem kann das vorstehend beschriebene Gehäuse demnach durch den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt, welcher im Normalbetrieb an Abgasleitungen von Anoden- und Kathodenabschnitt anschließt, die sich außer- halb oder zumindest im Wesentlichen außerhalb des Gehäuses befinden, mit dem Kathodenabschnitt und/oder dem Anodenabschnitt in Fluidverbindung stehen. Das Kathodenabgas umfasst überwiegend Luft, wohingegen das Anodenabgas auch (nicht umgesetzten) Brennstoff enthält. Das Ab- bzw. Brenngas ist eine Mischung aus Kathodenabgas und Anodenabgas, wobei die Mischung verbrannt wird; im Nor- malbetrieb wird Abgas als Brenngas verwendet; gegebenenfalls kann auch (Umge- bungs)luft und zusätzlicher Brennstoff beigemischt werden. Als Brennstoffzellenstapel wird das Stackmodul verstanden, welches einen Kathodenabschnitt und einen Anodenabschnitt umfasst. The fuel gas conduit section can form part of an anode exhaust gas line and / or cathode exhaust gas line or can be designed as a connection piece for supplying the anode exhaust gas and / or cathode exhaust gas in normal operation from the fuel cell stack to the exhaust gas burner. Accordingly, in an associated fuel cell system, the housing described above may be connected to the cathode portion and / or the anode portion by the fuel gas conduit portion, which in normal operation connects to exhaust passages of anode and cathode portions located outside or at least substantially outside of the housing in fluid communication. The cathode exhaust gas comprises predominantly air, whereas the anode exhaust gas also contains (unreacted) fuel. The fuel gas is a mixture of cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas, the mixture is burned; In normal operation, exhaust gas is used as fuel gas; if necessary, air (ambient) and additional fuel can also be added. A fuel cell stack is understood to mean the stack module, which comprises a cathode section and an anode section.
Unter dem Heizmittel kann ein ein- oder mehrteiliges Bauteil verstanden werden, wobei sich zumindest der Hauptbestandteil des Heizmittels im Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt befindet. D.h., das Heizmittel ist zumindest teilweise im Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt, in dem insbesondere eine Mischung aus Kathodenabgas und Anodenabgas strömt, angeordnet. Leitungsabschnitte, die zum Heizen eines Heizkörpers des Heizmittels erforderlich sind, müssen beispielsweise nicht oder zumindest nicht vollständig im Anodenabgas und/oder Kathodenabgas-Leitungsabschnitt angeordnet sein. The heating means may be understood to mean a one-part or multi-part component, at least the main constituent of the heating medium being located in the fuel gas line section. That is, the heating means is at least partially disposed in the fuel gas passage portion in which, in particular, a mixture of cathode exhaust gas and anode exhaust gas flows. Line sections which are required for heating a heating element of the heating means do not have to be arranged, for example, or at least not completely in the anode exhaust gas and / or cathode exhaust line section.
Der Abgasbrenner ist zumindest abschnittsweise, insbesondere um eine Mittelachse herum, koaxial zum Reformer angeordnet. The exhaust gas burner is arranged at least in sections, in particular around a central axis, coaxially with the reformer.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es möglich, dass das Heizmittel bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung ein elektrisches, insbesondere plattenförmiges, Heizmittel aufweist. Mit Hilfe eines elektrischen Heizmittels lässt sich das Brenngas besonders leicht und effizient erhitzen. Außerdem kann ein elekt- risches Heizmittel platzsparend in der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung platziert werden. Elektrische Heizmittel können außerdem relativ kostengünstig zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Unter einem plattenförmigen Heizmittel ist ein Heizmittel zu verstehen, das im Vergleich zu einer Höhe des Heizmittels eine mehrfach größere Länge sowie mehrfach größere Breite aufweist. Die Höhe des Heizmittels erstreckt sich vorzugsweise in einer Abgas-Strömungsrichtung (bzw. Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung) und/oder in einer Richtung entlang der vorstehend beschriebenen Mittelachse, um welche herum der Reformer und der Abgasbrenner zumindest abschnittsweise koaxial, ggf. zumindest teilweise rotationssymmetrisch, angeordnet sind. Durch eine sol- che Anordnung und Ausgestaltung des Heizmittels ist dieses besonders platzsparend im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt angeordnet. Die Plattenform des Heizmittels ist nicht auf eine bestimmte geometrische Form beschränkt. Ein plattenförmiges Heizmittel kann auch eine oder mehrere Durchgangsöffnungen aufweisen. According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible that the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment device comprises an electrical, in particular plate-shaped, heating means. With the help of an electric heating medium, the fuel gas can be heated particularly easily and efficiently. In addition, an electrical can be placed in the exhaust aftertreatment device to save space. Electric heating means can also be provided relatively inexpensively. A plate-shaped heating means is to be understood as meaning a heating means which, compared with a height of the heating means, has a length which is several times greater and also several times greater. The height of the heating means preferably extends in an exhaust gas flow direction (or fuel gas flow direction) and / or in a direction along the above-described central axis, around which the reformer and the exhaust gas burner are at least partially coaxial, possibly at least partially rotationally symmetrical are. By means of such an arrangement and design of the heating means, it is arranged in a particularly space-saving manner in the fuel gas line section. The plate shape of the heating means is not limited to a specific geometric shape. A plate-shaped heating means may also have one or more passage openings.
Ferner ist es möglich, dass das Heizmittel bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnach- behandlungsvorrichtung einen Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator aufweist. Unter Verwendung eines Katalysators kann das Heizmittel grundsätzlich autark oder im Wesentlichen autark funktionieren. Demnach könnte auf Hilfsmittel wie Zuführleitungen zum Heizmittel verzichtet werden. Dadurch kann das Heizmittel besonders platzsparend bereitgestellt werden. Weiterhin lässt sich dadurch der Komplexitätsgrad der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung niedrig halten. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn das Heizmittel sowohl das elektrische Heizmittel als auch den Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator aufweist. Durch das elektrische Heizmittel (bzw. das mit dessen Hilfe verbrannte bzw. vorgewärmte Brenngas) kann der Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator zunächst auf eine vordefinierte Betriebstemperatur gebracht werden, um anschließend mit entsprechender Effizienz funktionieren zu können. Der Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator kann als Beschichtung des elektrischen Heizmittels ausgestaltet sein. Furthermore, it is possible for the heating means to comprise a heating medium oxidation catalytic converter in an exhaust gas aftertreatment device according to the invention. Using a catalyst, the heating means can basically operate autonomously or essentially autonomously. Accordingly, could be dispensed with aids such as supply lines to the heating means. As a result, the heating means can be provided in a particularly space-saving manner. Furthermore, the degree of complexity of the exhaust aftertreatment device can thereby be kept low. In the context of the present invention, it has been found to be particularly advantageous if the heating means has both the electrical heating means and the heating medium oxidation catalyst. By means of the electrical heating means (or the fuel gas burned or preheated by means of the latter), the heating-agent oxidation catalyst can first be brought to a predefined operating temperature, in order then to be able to function with corresponding efficiency. The heating medium oxidation catalyst may be configured as a coating of the electrical heating means.
Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, dass das Heizmittel bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung koaxial zum Abgasbrenner oder im Wesentlichen koaxial zum Abgasbrenner angeordnet ist. Durch die koaxiale Anordnung kann das Heizmittel besonders platzsparend am Abgasbrenner positioniert werden. Durch eine derartige Anordnung ist das Heizmittel außerdem strömungsgünstig im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt angeordnet. Entsprechend können bei einer solchen Ausgestaltung Strömungsturbulenzen im Brenngas vermieden oder zumindest reduziert werden. Moreover, it is possible that the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment device according to the present invention is arranged coaxially with the exhaust gas burner or substantially coaxially with the exhaust gas burner. Due to the coaxial arrangement, the heating means can be particularly space-saving positioned on the exhaust gas burner. By such an arrangement, the heating means is also arranged aerodynamically in the fuel gas line section. Accordingly, at a such design flow turbulence in the fuel gas can be avoided or at least reduced.
Von weiterem Vorteil kann es sein, wenn bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung das Heizmittel scheibenförmig ausgestaltet ist und ein Außenumfang des Heiz- mittels mit einem Innenumfangsabschnitt des Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitts korrespondiert. Hierdurch lässt sich der zur Verfügung stehende Bauraum in der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung effektiv nutzen. Das Heizmittel weist vorzugsweise den gleichen oder im Wesentlichen den gleichen Durchmesser wie der Abgasbrenner auf. Der Abgasbrenner und das Heizmittel sind insbesondere in einem Abschnitt des Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitts angeordnet, in welchem der Innendurchmesser des Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitts von der Position des Heizmittels bis zur Position des Abgasbrenners gleich oder im Wesentlichen gleich bleibt. Dadurch kann ein kompaktes und einfach handhabbares Gesamtsystem geschaffen werden. It may be of further advantage if, in an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, the heating means is designed disk-shaped and an outer circumference of the heating means corresponds to an inner circumferential section of the fuel gas line section. This makes it possible to use the available space in the exhaust aftertreatment device effectively. The heating means preferably has the same or substantially the same diameter as the exhaust gas burner. Specifically, the exhaust gas burner and the heating means are arranged in a portion of the fuel gas piping section in which the inner diameter of the fuel gas piping section stays the same or substantially the same from the position of the heating means to the position of the exhaust gas burner. As a result, a compact and easy to handle overall system can be created.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es zudem möglich, dass das Heizmittel bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit ringförmig ausgestaltet und zumindest abschnittsweise um den Reformer herum, insbesondere direkt oder im Wesentlichen direkt am Oxidationskatalysator, angeordnet ist. Dadurch lässt sich die Kompaktheit der Abgasnachbehandlungseinheit weiter verbessern. Der Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt verläuft vorzugsweise zumindest abschnittsweise ringförmig um den Reformer herum. Dadurch, dass das Heizmittel bei einer ringförmigen Ausgestaltung im Grunde wie der Abgasbrenner auf den Reformer geschoben werden kann, muss im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt vor dem Reformer kein Bauraum für das Heizmittel geschaffen werden. Darüber hinaus lässt sich mit der vorgeschlagenen Maßnahme die Stabilität des Reformer-Abgasbrenner- Verbunds erhöhen. In the context of the present invention, it is also possible that the heating means in an exhaust aftertreatment unit is configured in a ring shape and arranged at least in sections around the reformer, in particular directly or substantially directly on the oxidation catalyst. As a result, the compactness of the exhaust aftertreatment unit can be further improved. The fuel gas line section preferably extends at least in sections annularly around the reformer. Characterized in that the heating means can be pushed in an annular configuration basically like the exhaust gas burner on the reformer, no space for the heating medium must be created in the fuel gas line section before the reformer. In addition, the proposed measure can increase the stability of the reformer / combustor combination.
Bei einer weiteren Ausgestaltungsvariante der vorliegenden Erfindung kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung wenigstens ein Brennstoffinjektor zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt, insbesondere in Richtung des Heizmittels bzw. in Strömungsrichtung des Brenngases, angeordnet ist. Der eingespritzte Brennstoff kann über das Heizmittel zum Abgasbrenner gefördert werden, wodurch sich dieser noch effektiver betreiben lässt. Wenn das Heizmittel den elektrischen Heizer oder den Heizmittel- Oxidationskatalysator aufweist, lässt sich durch den eingespritzten Brennstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt auch der Abgasbrenner entsprechend effektiv beim Systemstart betreiben - der Abgasbrenner fungiert hier also als Startbrenner für das System. Bei Versuchen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung hat sich herausgestellt, dass es trotz des erhöhten finanziellen sowie strukturellen Aufwands durch den Brennstoffinjektor für das Gesamtsystem, also die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrich- tung, rentabel ist, den erfindungsgemäßen Brennstoffinjektor zum Einspritzen des Brennstoffs im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt bereitzustellen. In a further embodiment variant of the present invention, it may be advantageous if, in an exhaust aftertreatment device, at least one fuel injector for injecting fuel into the fuel gas line section, in particular in the direction of the heating means or in the flow direction of the fuel gas, is arranged. The injected fuel can be conveyed via the heating means to the exhaust gas burner, whereby it can be operated even more effectively. If the heating means comprises the electric heater or the Heizmittel- oxidation catalyst, can be due to the injected fuel in the fuel gas line section and the exhaust gas burner accordingly effectively Run system start - the exhaust gas burner acts as the starting burner for the system. Experiments in the context of the present invention have shown that, despite the increased financial and structural complexity of the fuel injector for the entire system, ie the exhaust aftertreatment device, it is profitable to provide the fuel injector according to the invention for injecting the fuel in the fuel gas line section.
Von besonderem Vorteil kann es sein, wenn bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung der wenigstens eine Brennstoffinjektor koaxial zum Heizmittel angeordnet ist. Eine Längsachse des Brennstoffinjektors ver- läuft damit parallel zu bzw. zusammenfallend mit einer Längsachse des Heizmittels. Gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung ist eine Längsachse des Brennstoffinjektors vorzugsweise parallel zu einer Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung angeordnet. Dadurch kann der Brennstoff gezielt und gleichmäßig in Richtung des Heizmittels sowie des Abgasbrenners in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt eingespritzt werden. Eine Ein- spritzrichtung des wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektors verläuft entsprechend entlang einer Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung. Der wenigstens eine Brennstoffinjektor ist in der Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung durch den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt stromaufwärts des Heizmittels von diesem beabstandet angeordnet. It may be of particular advantage if, in an exhaust aftertreatment device according to the present invention, the at least one fuel injector is arranged coaxially with the heating means. A longitudinal axis of the fuel injector thus runs parallel to or coincident with a longitudinal axis of the heating medium. According to a variant of the invention, a longitudinal axis of the fuel injector is preferably arranged parallel to a fuel gas flow direction. As a result, the fuel can be injected into the fuel gas line section in a targeted and uniform manner in the direction of the heating means and of the exhaust gas burner. An injection direction of the at least one fuel injector runs correspondingly along a fuel gas flow direction. The at least one fuel injector is arranged in the fuel gas flow direction through the fuel gas conduit section upstream of the heating means spaced therefrom.
Weiterhin ist es bei einer Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß der vorliegen- den Erfindung möglich, dass zwei Brennstoffinjektoren zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt angeordnet sind, wobei eine Einspritzrichtung der Brennstoffinjektoren jeweils quer zu einer Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung verläuft bzw. zeigt. Dadurch lässt sich der in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt eingespritzte Brennstoff effektiv mit dem Ab- bzw. Brenngas vermischen. Auch sonst kann der Brennstoff dadurch gut im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt verteilt werden. Entsprechend vorteilhaft kann dadurch das Heizmittel sowie den Abgasbrenner mit dem Brennstoff benetzt werden. Dies führt wiederum zu einer entsprechend wirkungsvollen Verbrennung, sowohl an einem Heizmittel mit Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator als auch am Abgasbrenner. Bei Versuchen im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung hat sich überraschend herausgestellt, dass diese Vorzüge gegenüber den Nachteilen überwiegen, welche die beiden Brennstoffinjektoren hinsichtlich Systemkomplexität, Gewicht und Kosten mit sich bringen könnten. Darüber hinaus ist es bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung möglich, dass an dem wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektor eine Kühlfluidleitung zum Kühlen des wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektors angeordnet ist, wobei die Kühlfluidleitung als Teil einer Sauerstoffzuführleitung zum Zuführen von Sauerstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt für eine Verbrennung mit Brennstoff, der durch den wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektor in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt eingespritzt wird, ausgestaltet ist, und wobei die Kühlfluidleitung stromaufwärts eines Endabschnitts der Sauerstoffzuführleitung, der sich in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt öffnet, angeordnet ist. Demnach kann Sauerstoff bzw. ein sauerstoffhaltiges Fluid, das dem Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt für eine bessere Verbrennung am Abgasbrenner und/oder am Heizmittel zugeführt wird, zusätzlich als Kühlfluid zum Kühlen des wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektors genutzt werden. Dadurch lässt sich die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung besonders effizient betreiben. Durch das Kühlen des wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektors kann dieser vor einer Überhitzung durch die im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt auftretenden Temperaturen geschützt werden. Dies trägt zur sicheren Funktionsweise der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung bei. Further, in an exhaust aftertreatment device according to the present invention, it is possible that two fuel injectors for injecting fuel are arranged in the fuel gas passage portion, and an injection direction of the fuel injectors is respectively transverse to a fuel gas flow direction. As a result, the fuel injected into the fuel gas conduit section can be effectively mixed with the exhaust gas or fuel gas. Even otherwise, the fuel can be well distributed in the fuel gas line section. Accordingly advantageously, the heating means and the exhaust gas burner can be wetted with the fuel. This in turn leads to a correspondingly effective combustion, both on a heating means with heating medium oxidation catalyst and the exhaust gas burner. In experiments within the scope of the present invention, it has surprisingly been found that these advantages outweigh the disadvantages which the two fuel injectors could pose in terms of system complexity, weight and cost. Moreover, in an exhaust aftertreatment device according to the present invention, it is possible that a cooling fluid passage for cooling the at least one fuel injector is disposed on the at least one fuel injector, the cooling fluid passage being part of an oxygen supply passage for supplying oxygen into the fuel gas passage section for combustion with fuel wherein the at least one fuel injector is injected into the fuel gas passage portion, and wherein the cooling fluid passage is disposed upstream of an end portion of the oxygen supply passage opening into the fuel gas passage portion. Accordingly, oxygen or an oxygen-containing fluid which is supplied to the fuel gas line section for better combustion at the exhaust gas burner and / or at the heating means can additionally be used as cooling fluid for cooling the at least one fuel injector. As a result, the exhaust aftertreatment device can be operated particularly efficiently. By cooling the at least one fuel injector, it can be protected from overheating by the temperatures occurring in the fuel gas line section. This contributes to the safe operation of the exhaust aftertreatment device.
Gemäß eines weiteren Aspekts der vorliegenden Erfindung wird ein Brennstoffzellensystem, insbesondere ein SOFC-System, zur Verfügung gestellt, das einen Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einem Anodenabschnitt und einem Kathodenabschnitt aufweist. Das Brennstoffzellensystem weist ferner eine wie vorstehend im Detail beschriebene Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung auf, wobei der Reformer mit dem Anodenabschnitt zum Zuführen von reformiertem Anodenzuführgas zum Anodenabschnitt in Fluidverbindung steht und der Abgasbrenner mit dem Anoden- und Kathodenabschnitt zum Verbrennen von Brenngas in Fluidverbindung steht. Damit bringt ein erfindungsgemäßes Brennstoffzellensystem die gleichen Vorteile mit sich, wie sie ausführlich mit Bezug auf die erfindungsgemäße Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung beschrieben worden sind. According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fuel cell system, particularly an SOFC system, comprising a fuel cell stack having an anode portion and a cathode portion. The fuel cell system further includes an exhaust aftertreatment device as described in detail above wherein the reformer is in fluid communication with the anode portion for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode portion and the exhaust gas combustor is in fluid communication with the anode and cathode portions for combusting fuel gas. Thus, a fuel cell system according to the invention brings about the same advantages as have been described in detail with reference to the exhaust aftertreatment device according to the invention.
Weiterhin wird im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem wie vorstehend beschriebenen Brennstoffzellensystem vorgeschlagen. Das Brenn- Stoffzellensystem ist demnach für den mobilen Einsatz ausgestaltet. Außerdem bringt ein erfindungsgemäßes Kraftfahrzeug damit ebenfalls die Vorteile mit sich, wie sie vorliegend ausführlich beschrieben worden sind. Weitere, die Erfindung verbessernde Maßnahmen ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung zu verschiedenen Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung, welche in den Figuren schematisch dargestellt sind. Sämtliche aus den Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung oder der Zeichnung hervorgehende Merkmale und/oder Vorteile, ein- schließlich konstruktiver Einzelheiten und räumlicher Anordnungen können sowohl für sich als auch in den verschiedenen Kombinationen erfindungswesentlich sein. Furthermore, in the context of the present invention, a motor vehicle with a fuel cell system as described above is proposed. The fuel cell system is therefore designed for mobile use. In addition, a motor vehicle according to the invention thus also brings with it the advantages, as they have been described in detail in the present case. Further, measures improving the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments of the invention, which are shown schematically in the figures. Any features and / or advantages resulting from the claims, the description or the drawing, including constructive details and spatial arrangements, may be essential to the invention, both individually and in the various combinations.
Es zeigen jeweils schematisch: Each show schematically:
Figur 1 Blockdiagramm zum Erläutern eines Brennstoffzellensystems gemäß einer erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform, Figur 2 eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, und FIG. 1 is a block diagram for explaining a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an exhaust aftertreatment device according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and FIG
Figur 3 eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung. Figure 3 shows an exhaust aftertreatment device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Elemente mit gleicher Funktion und Wirkungsweise sind in den Figuren 1 bis 3 je- weils mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen. Elements having the same function and mode of action are each given the same reference numerals in FIGS. 1 to 3.
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch ein Brennstoffzellensystem 1000 mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a dargestellt. Die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a weist einen Reformer 20 und einen ringförmig darum angeordneten Abgasbrenner 30 auf. Das Brennstoffzellensystem 1000 weist ferner einen Brennstoffzellenstapel 200 mit einem Anodenabschnitt 210 und einem Kathodenabschnitt 220 auf. FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel cell system 1000 with an exhaust aftertreatment device 100a according to the invention. The exhaust aftertreatment device 100a includes a reformer 20 and an exhaust gas burner 30 disposed annularly thereabout. The fuel cell system 1000 further includes a fuel cell stack 200 having an anode portion 210 and a cathode portion 220.
Der Anodenabschnitt 210 steht mit dem Reformer 20 durch eine Reformerabgasleitung 22 in Fluidverbindung. Außerdem steht der Anodenabschnitt 210 mit dem Abgasbrenner 30 durch eine Anodenabgasleitung 21 1 in Fluidverbindung. Dem Abgas- brenner 30 kann durch eine Sauerstoffzuführleitung 70 Sauerstoff bzw. ein sauerstoffhaltiges Gas, insbesondere Luft bzw. Umgebungsluft aus der Umgebung des Brennstoffzellensystems 1000, zugeführt werden. The anode portion 210 is in fluid communication with the reformer 20 through a reformer exhaust line 22. In addition, the anode portion 210 is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas combustor 30 through an anode exhaust gas line 21 1. Oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas, in particular air or ambient air from the environment of the fuel cell system 1000, can be supplied to the exhaust gas burner 30 through an oxygen supply line 70.
Der Kathodenabschnitt 220 steht mit dem Abgasbrenner 30 durch eine Kathodenabgasleitung 221 in Fluidverbindung. Das Brennstoffzellensystem 1000 weist ferner ei- nen Wärmetauscher 400 und einen Verdampfer 500 auf. Der Wärmetauscher 400, insbesondere dessen heiße Seite, steht mit dem Abgasbrenner 30 durch eine Ab- gasbrenner-Abgasleitung 300 in Fluidverbindung. Durch eine kalte Seite des Wärmetauschers 400 verläuft eine Zuführleitung zum Kathodenabschnitt 220 des Brennstoffzellenstapels 200. Der Verdampfer 500 ist stromabwärts des Wärmetau- schers 400 angeordnet und steht mit diesem in thermischer Wirkverbindung. Außerdem steht der Verdampfer 500 mit dem Reformer 20 durch eine Reformerzuführleitung 21 in Fluidverbindung. The cathode portion 220 is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas combustor 30 through a cathode exhaust gas line 221. The fuel cell system 1000 further includes a heat exchanger 400 and an evaporator 500. The heat exchanger 400, in particular its hot side, is in fluid communication with the exhaust gas burner 30 through a gas burner exhaust pipe 300. A supply line to the cathode section 220 of the fuel cell stack 200 extends through a cold side of the heat exchanger 400. The evaporator 500 is arranged downstream of the heat exchanger 400 and is in thermal operative connection therewith. In addition, the evaporator 500 is in fluid communication with the reformer 20 through a reformer feed line 21.
Der Reformer 20 und der Abgasbrenner 30 sind in einem Gehäuse 10 bzw. in einem Reaktionsraum des Gehäuses 10 angeordnet. Mit Bezug auf Fig. 2 wird anschließend eine erste Ausführungsform der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a beschrieben. Die gezeigte Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a weist einen Reformer 20 zum Zuführen von reformiertem Anodenzu- führgas zum Anodenabschnitt 210 und einem Abgasbrenner 30 zum Verbrennen von Brenngas, das im Normalbetrieb überwiegend Anoden- und Kathodenabgas enthält, vom Kathodenabschnitt 220 und Anodenabschnitt 210 auf, wobei der Abgasbrenner 30 ringförmig um den Reformer 20 herum angeordnet ist. Außerdem weist die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a einen Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 zum Zuführen des Kathoden- und Anodenabgases zum Abgasbrenner 30 auf. Der Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 kann als eine Fortführung der Kathodenabgasleitung 221 verstanden werden, in den im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Anodenabgasleitung 21 1 mündet. Auch Ausführungsformen, bei denen der Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt 50 nur über die Kathodenabgasleitung 221 oder nur über die Anodenabgasleitung 21 1 beschickt wird, sind möglich. The reformer 20 and the exhaust gas burner 30 are arranged in a housing 10 or in a reaction space of the housing 10. With reference to FIG. 2, a first embodiment of the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a will be described below. The illustrated exhaust aftertreatment device 100a includes a reformer 20 for supplying reformed anode feed gas to the anode section 210 and an exhaust gas combustor 30 for combusting fuel gas, which predominantly contains anode and cathode exhaust gas in normal operation, from the cathode section 220 and anode section 210, the exhaust gas combustor 30 being annular is arranged around the reformer 20 around. In addition, the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a has a fuel gas passage portion 50 for supplying the cathode and anode off-gas to the exhaust gas burner 30. The fuel gas line section 50 can be understood as a continuation of the cathode exhaust gas line 221, into which the anode exhaust gas line 21 1 opens in the illustrated embodiment. Embodiments in which the fuel gas line section 50 is charged only via the cathode exhaust gas line 221 or only via the anode exhaust gas line 21 1 are also possible.
Der in Fig. 2 dargestellte Abgasbrenner 30 weist einen Abgasbrenner- Oxidationskatalysator 31 zum Verbrennen von Brenngas bzw. Anoden- und Kathodenabgas, das vom Anoden- und Kathodenabschnitt zum Abgasbrenner 30 geleitet wird, auf. Im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 ist neben dem Abgasbrenner 30 stromaufwärts desselben noch ein Heizmittel 40 zum Vorheizen des Brenngases, bevor dieses auf den Abgasbrenner 30 trifft, angeordnet. Das Heizmittel 40 ist als elektri- sches, (loch-) Scheiben- bzw. ringförmiges Heizmittel 40 mit einem Heizmittel-The exhaust gas combustor 30 shown in FIG. 2 has an exhaust gas burner oxidation catalyst 31 for burning fuel gas and anode and cathode exhaust gas, respectively, which is conducted from the anode and cathode sections to the exhaust gas burner 30. In the fuel gas line section 50, a heating means 40 for preheating the fuel gas before it hits the exhaust gas burner 30, in addition to the exhaust gas burner 30 upstream of the same. The heating means 40 is designed as an electric, (hole) disk or annular heating means 40 with a heating medium.
Oxidationskatalysator ausgestaltet. Das Heizmittel 40 ist ferner koaxial zum Abgasbrenner 30 angeordnet. Ein Außenumfang des Heizmittels 40 korrespondiert mit einem Innenumfangsabschnitt des Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitts 50. D.h., der Außen- umfang des Heizmittels liegt am Innenumfangsabschnitt des Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitts 50 an bzw. grenzt an diesen an. Das Heizmittel 40 ist außerdem um den Reformer 20 herum direkt am Oxidationskatalysator 31 angeordnet. Oxidation catalyst designed. The heating means 40 is further arranged coaxially with the exhaust gas burner 30. An outer periphery of the heating means 40 corresponds to an inner peripheral portion of the fuel gas passage portion 50. That is, the outer The periphery of the heating means abuts against the inner peripheral portion of the fuel gas passage portion 50 and adjoins thereto. The heating means 40 is also arranged around the reformer 20 directly on the oxidation catalyst 31.
Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a weist zwei Brenn- Stoffinjektoren 61 , 62 zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Kathodenabgas- Leitungsabschnitt 50 auf, wobei eine Einspritzrichtung der Brennstoffinjektoren 61 , 62 jeweils quer, genauer gesagt orthogonal, zu einer Brenngas- Strömungsrichtung D1 verläuft. Die Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung D1 soll die wesentliche Strömungsrichtung des Brenngases durch den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 bzw. durch das Heizmittel 40 sowie den Abgasbrenner 30 wiederspiegeln. Die beiden Brennstoffinjektoren 61 , 62 sind mit ihrer jeweiligen Brennstoffauslassöffnung einander zugewandt angeordnet und orthogonal zur Brenngas- Durchgangsrichtung D1 ausgerichtet. The exhaust aftertreatment device 100a shown in FIG. 2 has two fuel injectors 61, 62 for injecting fuel into the cathode exhaust gas line section 50, wherein an injection direction of the fuel injectors 61, 62 extends transversely, more precisely orthogonally, to a fuel gas flow direction D1 , The fuel gas flow direction D1 is intended to reflect the essential flow direction of the fuel gas through the fuel gas line section 50 or through the heating device 40 and the exhaust gas burner 30. The two fuel injectors 61, 62 are arranged with their respective Brennstoffauslassöffnung facing each other and aligned orthogonal to the fuel gas passage direction D1.
In Fig. 3 ist eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100b gemäß einer zweiten Aus- führungsform dargestellt. Die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100b gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform entspricht im Wesentlichen der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100a der ersten Ausführungsform, weshalb anschließend mit Bezug auf die Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100b gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform nur die entscheidenden Unterscheidungsmerkmale erläutert werden. FIG. 3 shows an exhaust aftertreatment device 100 b according to a second embodiment. The exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment substantially corresponds to the exhaust aftertreatment device 100a of the first embodiment, and therefore, referring to the exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment, only the critical distinguishing features will be explained below.
Das entscheidende Unterscheidungsmerkmal der Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 100b gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform ist das Heizmittel 40, das nicht ringscheibenförmig, sondern scheibenförmig ohne Durchgangsöffnung ausgestaltet ist. Entsprechend sitzt das Heizmittel 40 nicht ringförmig auf dem Reformer 20 am Abgasbrenner 30, sondern ist stromaufwärts des Abgasbrenners 30 im Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt 50 angeordnet. Zudem ist ein Brennstoffinjektor 60 zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 in Richtung des Heizmittels 40 angeordnet, wobei der Brennstoffinjektor 60 koaxial zum Heizmittel 40 ausgerichtet ist. D.h., die Brennstoffauslassöffnung des Brennstoffinjektors 60 ist gerade auf das Heizmittel 40 gerichtet. Eine Längsachse des Brennstoffinjektors 60 ist parallel bzw. koaxial zum Heizmittel bzw. parallel zu einer in Fig. 3 nicht eingezeichneten Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung (D1 in Fig. 2) angeordnet. Darüber hinaus ist gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform an dem Brennstoffinjektor 60 bzw. an einem Grundkörper desselben eine Kühlfluidleitung 71 zum Kühlen des Brennstoffinjektors 60 angeordnet. Die Kühlfluidleitung 71 ist als Teil einer Sauerstoffzuführleitung 70 zum Zuführen von Sauerstoff in den Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt 50 für eine Verbrennung mit dem Brennstoff, der durch den Brennstoffinjektor 60 in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 eingespritzt wird, ausgestaltet. Die Kühlfluidleitung 71 ist stromaufwärts eines Endabschnitts 72 der Sauerstoffzuführleitung 70, der sich in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 50 öffnet, angeordnet. The decisive distinguishing feature of the exhaust aftertreatment device 100b according to the second embodiment is the heating means 40, which is not annular disk-shaped, but disc-shaped without passage opening. Accordingly, the heating means 40 is not seated annularly on the reformer 20 on the exhaust gas burner 30, but is arranged upstream of the exhaust gas burner 30 in the fuel gas line section 50. In addition, a fuel injector 60 for injecting fuel into the fuel gas passage portion 50 is arranged in the direction of the heating means 40, the fuel injector 60 being aligned coaxially with the heating means 40. That is, the Brennstoffauslassöffnung the fuel injector 60 is directed straight to the heating means 40. A longitudinal axis of the fuel injector 60 is arranged parallel or coaxial to the heating means or parallel to a not shown in Fig. 3 fuel gas flow direction (D1 in Fig. 2). Moreover, according to the second embodiment, a cooling fluid conduit 71 for cooling the fuel injector 60 is disposed on the fuel injector 60 and on a main body thereof, respectively. The cooling fluid passage 71 is configured as part of an oxygen supply passage 70 for supplying oxygen into the fuel gas passage portion 50 for combustion with the fuel injected into the fuel gas passage portion 50 through the fuel injector 60. The cooling fluid passage 71 is disposed upstream of an end portion 72 of the oxygen supply passage 70 opening into the fuel gas passage portion 50.
11
Bezugszeichenliste 0 GehäuseReference List 0 Housing
0 Reformer 0 reformer
1 Reformerzuführleitung 1 reformer supply line
2 Reformerabgasleitung 2 reformer exhaust gas line
0 Abgasbrenner 0 exhaust gas burner
1 Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysator 1 exhaust gas oxidation catalyst
0 Heizmittel 0 heating means
0 Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt 0 fuel gas line section
0 Brennstoffinjektor 0 fuel injector
1 Brennstoffinjektor 1 fuel injector
2 Brennstoffinjektor 2 fuel injector
0 Sauerstoffzuführleitung 0 oxygen supply line
1 Kühlfluidleitung 1 cooling fluid line
2 Endabschnitt  2 end section
100a, 100b Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung 00 Brennstoffzellenstapel100a, 100b exhaust aftertreatment device 00 fuel cell stack
10 Anodenabschnitt 10 anode section
1 1 Anodenabgasleitung  1 1 anode exhaust gas line
220 Kathodenabschnitt  220 cathode section
221 Kathodenabgasleitung  221 cathode exhaust gas line
300 Abgasbrenner-Abgasleitung 300 exhaust gas burner exhaust pipe
00 Wärmetauscher  00 heat exchanger
500 Verdampfer  500 evaporators
1000 Brennstoffzellensystem 1000 fuel cell system
Brenngas-Strömungsrichtung Fuel gas flow direction

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1 . Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a; 100b) für ein Brennstoffzellensystem (1000), das einen Brennstoffzellenstapel (200) mit einem Anodenabschnitt (210) und einem Kathodenabschnitt (220) aufweist, mit einem Reformer (20) zum Zuführen von reformiertem Anodenzuführgas zum Anodenabschnitt (210), einem Abgasbrenner (30) zum Verbrennen von Brenngas vom Brennstoffzellenstapel (200), wobei der Abgasbrenner (30) ringförmig um den Reformer (20) herum angeordnet ist, und einem Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt (50) zum Zuführen des Brenngases zum Abgasbrenner (30), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 1 . An exhaust aftertreatment device (100a, 100b) for a fuel cell system (1000) comprising a fuel cell stack (200) having an anode section (210) and a cathode section (220), comprising a reformer (20) for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section (210), an exhaust gas burner (30) for burning fuel gas from the fuel cell stack (200), wherein the exhaust gas burner (30) is disposed annularly around the reformer (20) and a fuel gas conduit portion (50) for supplying the fuel gas to the exhaust gas burner (30), characterized in that
der Abgasbrenner (30) einen Abgasbrenner-Oxidationskatalysator (31 ) zum Verbrennen von Brenngas, das vom Brennstoffzellenstapel (200) zum Abgasbrenner (30) geleitet wird, aufweist und im Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt (50) ein Heizmittel (40) zum Vorheizen des Brennstoffes angeordnet ist.  the exhaust gas burner (30) has an exhaust gas oxidation catalyst (31) for burning fuel gas supplied from the fuel cell stack (200) to the exhaust gas burner (30), and heating means (40) for preheating the fuel is provided in the fuel gas conduit portion (50) is.
2. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a; 100b) nach Anspruch 1 , 2. Aftertreatment device (100a, 100b) according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das Heizmittel (40) ein elektrisches, insbesondere plattenförmiges, Heizmittel und/oder einen Heizmittel-Oxidationskatalysator aufweist.  the heating means (40) comprises an electrical, in particular plate-shaped, heating means and / or a heating means oxidation catalyst.
3. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a; 100b) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, 3. Aftertreatment device (100a, 100b) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das Heizmittel (40) koaxial zum Abgasbrenner (30) oder im Wesentlichen koaxial zum Abgasbrenner (30) angeordnet ist.  the heating means (40) is arranged coaxially with the exhaust gas burner (30) or substantially coaxially with the exhaust gas burner (30).
4. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a; 100b) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, 4. Aftertreatment device (100a, 100b) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizmittel (40) scheibenförmig ausgestaltet ist und ein Außenumfang des Heizmittels (40) mit einem Innenumfangsabschnitt des Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitts (50) korrespondiert. WO 2018/189374 „ _. PCT/EP2018/059537 characterized in that the heating means (40) is disk-shaped and an outer periphery of the heating means (40) corresponds to an inner peripheral portion of the fuel gas duct portion (50). WO 2018/189374 "_. PCT / EP2018 / 059537
15  15
5. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, 5. Aftertreatment device (100a) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
das Heizmittel (40) ringförmig ausgestaltet und zumindest abschnittsweise um den Reformer (20) herum, insbesondere direkt oder im Wesentlichen direkt am Oxidationskatalysator (31 ), angeordnet ist.  the heating means (40) is annular and at least partially around the reformer (20) around, in particular directly or substantially directly on the oxidation catalyst (31) is arranged.
6. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a; 100b) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 6. exhaust aftertreatment device (100a, 100b) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
wenigstens ein Brennstoffinjektor (60; 61 , 62) zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt (50), und insbesondere in Richtung des Heizmittels (40), angeordnet ist, wobei vorzugsweise der wenigstens eine Brennstoffinjektor (60) koaxial zum Heizmittel (40) angeordnet ist.  at least one fuel injector (60; 61,62) is arranged for injecting fuel into the fuel gas conduit section (50) and in particular towards the heating means (40), preferably wherein the at least one fuel injector (60) is coaxial with the heating means (40) ) is arranged.
7. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, 7. Aftertreatment device (100a) according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
zwei Brennstoffinjektoren (61 , 62) zum Einspritzen von Brennstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt (50) angeordnet sind, wobei eine Einspritzrichtung der Brennstoffinjektoren (61 , 62) jeweils quer zu einer Brenngas- Strömungsrichtung (D1 ) verläuft.  two fuel injectors (61, 62) are arranged for injecting fuel into the fuel gas conduit section (50), wherein an injection direction of the fuel injectors (61, 62) extends transversely to a fuel gas flow direction (D1).
8. Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100b) nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, 8. Aftertreatment device (100b) according to claim 6 or 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that
an dem wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektor (60; 61 , 62) eine Kühlf luidlei- tung (71 ) zum Kühlen des wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektors (60; 61 , 62) angeordnet ist, wobei die Kühlfluidleitung (71 ) als Teil einer Sauerstoffzuführleitung (70) zum Zuführen von Sauerstoff in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt (50) für eine Verbrennung mit Brennstoff, der durch den wenigstens einen Brennstoffinjektor (60; 61 , 62) in den Brenngas-Leitungsabschnitt (50) eingespritzt wird, ausgestaltet ist, und wobei die Kühlfluidleitung (71 ) stromaufwärts eines Endabschnitts (72) der Sauerstoffzuführleitung (70), der sich in den Brenngas- Leitungsabschnitt (50) öffnet, angeordnet ist. a cooling fluid line (71) for cooling the at least one fuel injector (60; 61,62) is arranged on the at least one fuel injector (60; 61,62), the cooling fluid line (71) forming part of an oxygen supply line (70) Supplying oxygen into the combustion gas conduit section (50) for combustion with fuel injected by the at least one fuel injector (60; 61, 62) into the fuel gas conduit section (50), and wherein the cooling fluid conduit (71 ) is arranged upstream of an end portion (72) of the oxygen supply passage (70) opening into the fuel gas passage portion (50).
9. Brennstoffzellensystem (1000), aufweisend einen Brennstoffzellenstapel (200) mit einem Anodenabschnitt (210) und einem Kathodenabschnitt (220), und eine Abgasnachbehandlungsvorrichtung (100a) nach einem der voranstehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Reformer (20) mit dem Anodenabschnitt (210) zum Zuführen von reformiertem Anodenzuführgas zum Anodenabschnitt (210) in Fluid- verbindung steht und der Abgasbrenner (30) mit dem Kathodenabschnitt (220) zum Verbrennen von Kathodenabgas in Fluidverbindung steht. 9. A fuel cell system (1000) comprising a fuel cell stack (200) having an anode section (210) and a cathode section (220), and an exhaust aftertreatment device (100a) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reformer (20) is connected to the anode section (210). for supplying reformed anode supply gas to the anode section (210) in fluid communication and the exhaust gas burner (30) is in fluid communication with the cathode section (220) for burning cathode exhaust gas.
10. Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Brennstoffzellensystem (1000) nach Anspruch 9. 10. Motor vehicle with a fuel cell system (1000) according to claim 9.
PCT/EP2018/059537 2017-04-13 2018-04-13 Exhaust-gas aftertreatment device with reformer and burner for an sofc system WO2018189374A1 (en)

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ATA50312/2017A AT519859B1 (en) 2017-04-13 2017-04-13 Exhaust aftertreatment device with reformer and burner for an SOFC system
ATA50312/2017 2017-04-13

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CN111175345A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-19 同济大学 SOFC tail gas utilization research experiment system

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US6793698B1 (en) * 2001-03-09 2004-09-21 Uop Llc Fuel processor reactor with integrated pre-reforming zone
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WO2019178627A1 (en) * 2018-03-19 2019-09-26 Avl List Gmbh Fuel cell system and method for heating up a fuel cell system
CN111175345A (en) * 2020-01-03 2020-05-19 同济大学 SOFC tail gas utilization research experiment system

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