WO2018188578A1 - 一种高强抗拔锚固件 - Google Patents

一种高强抗拔锚固件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018188578A1
WO2018188578A1 PCT/CN2018/082462 CN2018082462W WO2018188578A1 WO 2018188578 A1 WO2018188578 A1 WO 2018188578A1 CN 2018082462 W CN2018082462 W CN 2018082462W WO 2018188578 A1 WO2018188578 A1 WO 2018188578A1
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Prior art keywords
expansion tube
thick
screw
walled
wedge
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PCT/CN2018/082462
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English (en)
French (fr)
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裴志胜
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裴志胜
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Publication of WO2018188578A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018188578A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve
    • F16B13/063—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander
    • F16B13/066—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve by the use of an expander fastened by extracting a separate expander-part, actuated by the screw, nail or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B13/00—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose
    • F16B13/04—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front
    • F16B13/06—Dowels or other devices fastened in walls or the like by inserting them in holes made therein for that purpose with parts gripping in the hole or behind the reverse side of the wall after inserting from the front combined with expanding sleeve

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an anchor in the field of anchoring technology, in particular to a high-strength anti-pulling anchor which is innovative and breakthrough on the basis of the existing expansion bolt.
  • the present invention provides a high-strength anti-pulling anchor with simple structure and strong anchoring to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies, and to meet the wide-ranging application of safe and firm anchoring and low cost after wall reform, including tunnels and slope protection.
  • a high-strength, anti-pulling anchor similar in appearance to a conventional expansion bolt, including an expansion tube with a plurality of open slots at one end, and a screw with a withdrawal wedge at one end, and a nut, expansion sleeve On the screw, the nut is sleeved at the lower end of the screw, and the nut is tightened. The untwisting wedge on the screw expands the expansion tube with a plurality of open slots to achieve the anchoring purpose.
  • the main improvements are:
  • a bending groove is provided in the cross-sectional direction at the outer surface of the thick-walled expansion tube adjacent to the lower portion of the opening groove.
  • the wall thickness of the thick-walled expansion tube used in the present invention is N times the wall thickness of the conventional thin-walled expansion tube.
  • the screw with the withdrawal slope wedge is difficult to expand the tube wall. Open, even if it can be slightly expanded, it will definitely lose too much nut to tighten the energy, that is to say, at this moment, the tightening nut is not doing useful work to enhance the anchoring ability, but is doing confrontation or is doing to overcome the thick The energy of the strength, rigidity, etc. of the wall expansion tube itself.
  • the tightening capacity of the nut is limited, not to mention that when the wall thickness of the expansion tube is increased to a certain extent, it is almost very difficult to expand it slightly, not to mention that it is greatly expanded to achieve a firm Anchored, so that is, it hinders the development and application of existing technologies. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the present invention provides a bending groove at the upper outer surface of the thick-walled expansion pipe adjacent to the lower portion of the opening groove, so that the strength and rigidity of the bending groove portion are weakened. It is easy to produce plastic deformation, and the thickened expansion tube becomes very easy to be expanded, the expansion is very large, and the expanded portion does not deform, and the expansion portion can be vigorously arched into the anchoring body. Further, a high-strength gripping pull-out force is obtained, which is the basis of the technical solution of the present invention.
  • the selection of the depth and width of the bending groove, the selection of the wall thickness of the expansion tube, and the length of the expansion portion are determined according to the use occasion and the use requirements, and specific mechanical tension, shear force, Anti-pulling test; here it should be stated that the selection or determination of the outer diameter of the expansion tube should be based on the national standard perforated rotor, and slightly larger, so that the expansion tube will not be tightened in the anchor hole.
  • the nut is self-rotating, which is called a transition fit by mechanics.
  • a rounding hole is provided at the lower end portion of the opening groove of the expansion pipe, so that the stress concentration at the bending groove of the expansion pipe can be further reduced, and the bending groove is less likely to be torn.
  • a plurality of bending grooves are arranged from top to bottom, and the spacing between the plurality of bending grooves is gradually increased, which can meet the adaptive requirements for different gripping resistance, especially in the tunnel. It is more practical to anchor or reinforce or fix or support the slope protection, slope protection, foundation pit, dam, mining and other projects.
  • the withdrawal slope wedge disposed on the screw may be separately opened from the screw, and the withdrawal slope wedge is provided with an internal thread matching the screw thread, and at the same time a convex anti-slip rib is disposed on a side surface of the slope wedge, and the non-slip rib of the protrusion is embedded in a corresponding open groove on the thick-walled expansion tube, and the nut is tightened, so that the withdrawal slope wedge is downward Move to make the thick-walled expansion tube expand.
  • the untwisting wedge is formed into a bullet shape, and the thick-walled expansion tube is expanded by pushing the pull-out wedge of the bullet shape by a screw; or the upper end of the screw is directly formed into a bullet shape, and the screw is rotated , the thick-walled expansion tube is expanded; or the upper part of the screw is directly formed into a non-threaded rod, the end of the rod is in the shape of a bullet, and the rod and the unthreaded hole in the lower part of the thick-walled expansion tube are closely matched. This directly taps the lower end of the screw so that the thick-walled expansion tube expands.
  • the thick-walled expansion tube is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is made of metal material or high-strength material, and the lower part is made of plastic or other economical material.
  • the nut is placed on the anchor head and Between the pads. The gasket ensures the centering of the screw in the anchoring hole, thus meeting the application requirements of grouting and reasonable force. Or remove the lower part and make the upper part into a separate anchor head.
  • the cost of the wall of the lower portion of the thick-walled expansion tube can be thinned by further reducing the cost, that is, the outer diameter of the tube wall at the lower portion of the thick-walled expansion tube is the same as the outer diameter of the tube wall at which the bending groove is provided.
  • An open groove is provided in both the upper portion and the lower portion of the expansion pipe, and the bending groove is disposed between the upper and lower expansion portions, thereby obtaining the effect of two-way anchoring.
  • the cross section of the portion of the thick-walled expansion tube having the open groove is set to a petal shape.
  • the outer surface of the expanded portion of the thick-walled expansion tube is treated as non-slip rough or ratchet and ratchet.
  • the expanded portion of the thick-walled expansion tube is heat-treated.
  • the heat treatment of the expanded portion can further enhance the strength, rigidity and toughness of the expanded portion on the one hand, and save material on the other hand, and make the appearance of the present invention smaller.
  • end portion and the outer surface of the expanded portion of the thick-walled expansion tube may be designed into a shape of a knife edge, and at the same time heat-treated to satisfy the self-drilling of the anchoring hole or the self-expanding of the bottom of the anchoring hole. .
  • the lower end of the screw is set to a flat head, a square head, a hexagonal head, or a hexagonal flange face, an outer hexagonal or a hexagonal flange face, an inner or outer hexagon or an inner and outer hexagonal flange face, A word or cross recess, or additional attachment of a boom, a toothed bar, a hook, a lifting eye, a tray, a ball nut, or a joint.
  • the geometrical dimensions of the present invention can be large or small.
  • the anchoring is a relatively small force, so the geometrical size is small, and the engineering is used.
  • anchoring or reinforcement or fixing or supporting in tunnels, slope protection, guardrails, foundation pits, dams, mining, etc. is a situation with large force, so the geometrical size is large, including the setting of grouting holes on the screw to achieve permanent sexual or anti-vibration anchoring effect.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, ingenious method, low cost and convenient use, and can realize safe and firm anchoring or reinforcement or fixing on various anchoring substrates, has universal versatility, and is widely used, and the geometrical size of the product can be large or small. Through the development of the sample and the actual trial, the anchoring effect is satisfactory.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a typical conventional expansion bolt structure
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a conventional thin-walled expansion tube
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a shape of an expansion of a conventional thin-walled expansion tube after being pressed and deformed by a hole wall of an anchor hole;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a thick-walled expansion tube of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the rigid expansion shape of the wall thickness expansion tube of the present invention obtained by bending a groove
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the retracting slope wedge with internal thread of the present invention which can be moved on the screw;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the cross-section of the thick-walled expansion tube of the present invention for saving material in a petal shape
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the withdrawal slope wedge with internal thread and anti-slip rib of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of the present invention for forming a thick-walled expansion tube into an independent anchor head and capable of achieving grouting anchoring requirements;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the present invention for thinning the lower portion of the thick-walled expansion tube in order to save material;
  • Figure 12 is a structural schematic view showing the withdrawal of the thick-walled expansion tube by the withdrawal of the wedge of the shape of the screw-driven projectile of the present invention
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the structure of the independent anchor head in the upper and lower portions of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view of the expanded shape of Figure 13;
  • the wall thickness of the thick-walled expansion tube 5 of the present invention is the wall thickness of the conventional thin-walled expansion tube 2 (see Fig. 2). N times. As the wall thickness of the expansion tube increases, it is difficult for the screw 1 with the retracting wedge to expand the tube wall. Even if it can be slightly expanded, it will definitely lose too much nut to tighten the energy, that is to say At this moment, tightening the nut is not a useful work to enhance the anchoring ability, but is doing the countermeasure or is to overcome the strength and rigidity of the thick-walled expansion tube itself, but the tightening ability of the nut 3 is limited.
  • the present invention provides a bending groove 4 on the upper outer surface of the thick-walled expansion pipe, as shown in Fig. 6, so that the strength of the bending groove portion And the stiffness is weakened, the part is prone to plastic deformation, the thickened expansion tube becomes very easy to be expanded, the expansion is very large, and the expanded part does not deform, and the expansion part can be strong and powerful.
  • arch Group to the anchor body, and further to obtain a high strength bondability pullout force, which is the basic aspect of the present invention.
  • the high-strength anti-lifting anchor of the present invention comprises a screw 1, a nut 3 and a thick-walled expansion tube 5 with a retracting wedge, and the thick-walled expansion tube 5 has a bending groove 4 and an opening. Slot 11.
  • the screw 1 with the withdrawal slope wedge is mounted in the thick-walled expansion tube 5, the top withdrawal slope wedge cooperates with the opening groove 11, and partially snaps into the opening groove 11; the high-strength anti-pull anchor is installed at After the desired position, the nut 3 is tightened, the screw 1 with the retracting wedge is moved downward, and the retracting wedge is inserted into the opening groove 11, so that the thick-walled expansion tube 5 is expanded and folded.
  • the curved groove 4 is bent to form, as shown in FIG.
  • the depth and width of the bending groove, the selection of the wall thickness including the expansion tube, and the selection of the length of the expansion portion are determined according to the use occasion and the use requirements, and specific mechanical tension and shear force should also be performed. It is necessary to point out that the selection or determination of the outer diameter of the expansion tube should be based on the national standard perforated rotor head, and slightly larger, so that the expansion tube will not be closed in the anchor hole. It is appropriate to tighten the nut and it is called a transition fit.
  • a plurality of bending grooves 4 may be disposed from the top to the bottom of the thick-walled expansion tube 5, and the spacing between the plurality of bending grooves should be gradually increased, thereby satisfying the resistance to different grips.
  • the adaptive requirements are especially useful in the anchoring or reinforcement or fixing or support of tunnels, slope protection, guardrails, foundation pits, dams, mining and other projects.
  • the end portion and the outer surface of the expanding portion are designed into a shape of a knife edge, and heat treatment is performed at the same time, thereby satisfying the requirement for self-drilling of the anchoring hole or the self-expanding of the bottom of the anchoring hole; Heat treatment can also achieve the purpose of flexible anchoring.
  • the flexible anchoring here is very meaningful, including further reading the anchoring mechanical data through the sensor, etc., which is not discussed here.
  • the screw 1 with the retracting wedge wedge of the high-strength anti-lifting anchor of FIG. 4 is set with internal thread and anti-slip rib.
  • the withdrawal wedge 6 and the squared screw 8 are both formed into a separate shape with internal threads which can be moved over the screw 8.
  • the withdrawal slope wedge 6 is provided with an internal thread that fits the screw thread, and a raised anti-slip rib 9 is disposed on the side surface of the withdrawal slope wedge.
  • the raised anti-slip ribs are embedded in the corresponding open slots 11 on the thick-walled expansion tube, and by rotating the square-headed screw, the retracting wedge wedge 6 can be moved downward, so that the thick-walled expansion tube expands.
  • the present invention further provides that the cross-sectional shape of the thick-walled expansion tube is a petal shape, as shown in Fig. 8, the schematic view is to expand Partially divided into four equal parts by the open slot 11, in practical applications, it should be determined according to the size of the cross-section of the thick-walled expansion tube.
  • the larger the cross-section, the thicker the wall, the more petals, the open slot The more the number of parts, the easier it is to bend; of course, the lower end of the open groove is made to be rounded, so that the stress concentration at the bending groove can be further reduced, and the bending groove is not easily torn.
  • the thick-walled expansion tube of the present invention is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper part is an anchor head made of metal or high-strength material, the anchor head is located on the positioning nut 10, and the lower part is a pad made of plastic or economic material.
  • the tube 12 ensures that the screw 15 with the grouting hole is centered in the anchoring hole, thus meeting the application requirements of grouting and reasonable force, as shown in FIG.
  • the lower portion of the thick-walled expansion tube is thinned as shown in FIG.
  • the thick-walled expansion tube is expanded by pushing the pull-out slope wedge 16 of the shape of the bullet by a screw; or the upper end of the screw is directly formed into a bullet shape, and the screw is rotated to expand the thick-walled expansion tube; further change
  • the upper part of the screw can be directly formed into a non-threaded rod, the end of the rod is in the shape of a bullet, and the rod is closely matched with the unthreaded hole of the lower part of the thick-walled expansion tube, so that the lower end of the screw is directly struck,
  • the thick-walled expansion tube is expanded.
  • the outer surface of the expanded portion of the thick-walled expansion tube is treated as a non-slip rough or a ratchet ratchet.
  • the anchor head is formed into a double anchor head shape which is simultaneously expanded up and down, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14.
  • the bottom end of the screw is set to a flat head, a square head, a flat head, a hexagonal head, or a hexagonal flange face, an outer hexagon or a hexagonal flange face, an inner or outer hexagon or an inner and outer hexagon flange A face, a word or a cross recess, or a cross recess, or an additional hanger, a toothed bar, a hook, a lifting eye, a tray 13, a ball nut 14, or a live joint.
  • the geometrical dimensions of the present invention can be large or small.
  • the anchoring is a relatively small force, so the geometrical size is small, and the engineering is used.

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Abstract

一种高强抗拔锚固件，包括厚壁膨胀管（5），在厚壁膨胀管（5）的上部外表面延横截面方向设置了折弯槽（4），厚壁膨胀管（5）的横截面形状可以为花瓣式形状；该抗拔锚固件结构简单，容易制造，成本低廉，使用方便，能够在各种锚固基体上实现安全牢固的锚固或加固或固定或支护。

Description

一种高强抗拔锚固件 技术领域
本发明涉及锚固技术领域中的一种锚固件，具体的说是一种在现有膨胀螺栓基础上进行创新和突破的高强抗拔锚固件。
背景技术
一百多年前的英国工程师罗林斯发明的膨胀螺栓为人类做出了巨大的贡献，见图1，但随着墙体改革和应用范围的逐步扩大，这种传统的膨胀螺栓已经失去了安全性、可靠性和实用性，究其原因就是这种传统膨胀螺栓上的膨胀管的管壁太薄，见图2，因为这种结构的管壁不能厚，厚了就胀不开，后面还会进一步地加以说明，其胀开后的管壁极易被锚固孔洞的孔壁挤压变形，使得有效胀开尺度变的非常小，充其量的胀开尺度等于增加了两个管壁的厚度，见图3，这种胀开尺度的增加对于新型墙体或从牢固锚固的层面上来说是毫无意义的，尤其是新型墙体的密实度和强度不高，如多孔的，加气的，轻质的墙体等等，导致传统膨胀螺栓在新型墙体内的握裹抗拔力非常低下，埋下了大量的安全隐患。虽然有许多人试图对其加以改进，但始终没有找到真正解决问题的办法。
本发明人于2012年发明了一种“剪式膨胀螺栓”，专利号为201210269582.4，它解决了墙体改革后的安全牢固的锚固问题，但由于该项技术在锚固孔洞内的握裹抗拔形态不饱满，膨胀受力分布状态不太理想，其制造成本相对于普通膨胀螺栓成本偏高。经对该项锚固技术的继续探讨和研究，包括对隧道、护坡、护栏、基坑、水坝、开采、支护等工程中的锚固问题的研究，在中国发明201410014781.x提出了改进方案，但上述问题仍然未得到彻底解决，故而本发明人期望能够研究有一种简单、巧妙、经济、可靠、安全、牢固、通用、好用的高强抗拔锚固件。
发明内容
针对上述现状，本发明提供一种结构简单、锚固牢靠的高强抗拔锚固件，以克服上述存在的不足，以满足墙体改革后的安全牢固的锚固和低成本的广泛应用，包括隧道、护坡、护栏、基坑、水坝、开采等工程中的锚固或加固或固定或支护等方面的应用。
本发明的技术方案是：
一种高强抗拔锚固件，它在外观上与传统的膨胀螺栓相似，包括一端带有若干开口槽的膨胀管，,以及一端带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆，及螺母，膨胀管套在螺杆上，螺母套在螺杆的 下端，收紧螺母，螺杆上的退拔斜度楔块将带有若干开口槽的膨胀管胀开，进而达到锚固的目的。其主要改进在于：
1.设计一种膨胀管的壁厚是传统膨胀管壁厚的N倍的膨胀管，本发明称之为厚壁膨胀管；
2.在厚壁膨胀管的邻近开口槽下部位置的外表面沿横截面方向设置折弯槽。
本发明采用的厚壁膨胀管的壁厚是传统薄壁膨胀管的壁厚的N倍，随着膨胀管壁厚的增加，带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆很难将该管壁胀开，即使能够将其微微胀开，必定会损耗太多的螺母收紧能量，就是说，此刻收紧螺母不是在做增强锚固能力的有用功，而是在做对抗或者说是在做克服厚壁膨胀管自身的强度、刚度等方面的能量。然而螺母的收紧能力是有限度的，更何况当膨胀管的壁厚增加到一定程度时，将其微微胀开几乎都非常困难的，更不用说指望它大幅度的胀开来实现牢固的锚固了，所以说、就是它阻碍了现有技术的发展和应用。因此，为了解决这个问题，本发明在厚壁膨胀管的上部外表面，邻近开口槽下部的位置，设置了折弯槽，这样一来，折弯槽部位的强度和刚度被削弱了，该部位容易产生塑性变形，加厚的膨胀管变的非常容易的被胀开，胀开的幅度非常大，且胀开的部分不会产生变形，胀开部分能够刚劲有力的拱入到锚固基体内，进而得到高强度的握裹抗拔力，这些就是本发明的技术方案的基础。
所述的折弯槽的深度和宽度、膨胀管壁厚的选择，以及胀开部分的长度的选择，是根据使用场合和使用要求来确定的，具体还应当做力学上的拉力、剪力、抗拔等试验；这里需要说明是，膨胀管的外直径的选择或确定，应当以国标打孔转头为参考尺寸，且稍微偏大一点点，以膨胀管在锚固孔洞内不会因为收紧螺母而产生自转为妥，机械学称之为过渡配合。此外，在膨胀管开口槽的下端部设置扩圆孔，这样一来，则能进一步减少膨胀管折弯槽处的应力集中，折弯槽处不易被撕裂。
在厚壁膨胀管的外表面自上而下的设置多道折弯槽，多道折弯槽之间的间距逐步增大，可以满足对不同握裹抗拔力的自适应要求，尤其在隧道、护坡、护栏、基坑、水坝、开采等工程的锚固或加固或固定或支护中更为实用。
为了适应各种应用要求，可将设置在螺杆上的退拔斜度楔块与螺杆独立开来，所述退拔斜度楔块设有配合螺杆螺纹的内螺纹，同时在所述的退拔斜度楔块的侧表面上设置凸起的防滑筋，该凸起的防滑筋嵌在厚壁膨胀管上的对应的开口槽内的，收紧螺母，可使退拔斜度楔块向下移动，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
将退拔斜度楔块做成子弹头形状，通过螺杆推动子弹头形状的退拔斜度楔块，使得厚壁膨 胀管胀开；或将螺杆上端部直接做成子弹头形状，旋动螺杆，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开；或将螺杆上部直接做成不带螺纹的杆，其杆的端部为子弹头形状，杆与厚壁膨胀管的下部的不带螺纹的孔洞为紧密配合，这样直接敲击螺杆的下端，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
为了节省材料，降低成本，将厚壁膨胀管分成上下两个部分，上部为金属材料或高强材料制成的锚头，下部为塑料或其它经济材料制成的垫管，螺母设置在锚头与垫管之间。该垫管可保证螺杆在锚固孔洞内的居中，因而符合了灌浆以及合理受力等方面的应用要求。或取消下部，将上部做成独立的锚头。
基于加工便利性考虑，进一步降低成本，也可以将厚壁膨胀管下部的管壁变薄，即：厚壁膨胀管下部的管壁外径与设置折弯槽处的管壁外径一致。
在膨胀管的上部和下部均设置开口槽，所述折弯槽设置于上、下胀开部分之间，进而可以获得双向锚固的效果。
为了进一步降低成本，将厚壁膨胀管的具有开口槽的部分的横截面设置为花瓣式形状。
为了增强锚固效果，将厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分的外表面作防滑粗糙或棘刺、棘齿处理。
为了进一步提升厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分的强度、刚度和韧性，对厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分进行热处理。对胀开部分进行热处理，一方面可以进一步地提升胀开部分的强度、刚度和韧性，另一方面实现了节约材料，让本发明的外观尺寸变小。
进一步地，可将厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分的端部及外表面设计成刀口形状，同时对其进行热处理，满足对锚固孔洞的自钻孔或对锚固孔洞底部的自扩底的切削要求。
根据不同的使用目的或使用要求，将螺杆的下端部设置为平头、方头、内六角头，或内六角法兰面、外六角或外六角法兰面、内外六角或内外六角法兰面、一字或十字槽、或附加设置吊杆、牙条、挂钩、吊环、托盘、球头螺母、或活接。
需要说明的是，本发明的几何尺寸可大可小，一般来说，民用，如安装家用电器、装饰装修等用途的锚固，属于受力较小的情况，故而几何尺寸较小，工程用，如隧道、护坡、护栏、基坑、水坝、开采等工程中的锚固或加固或固定或支护，属于受力较大的情况，故而几何尺寸较大，包括在螺杆上设置灌浆孔进而实现永久性的或抗振动的锚固效果。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明结构简单，方法巧妙，成本低廉，使用方便，能够在各种锚固基体上实现安全牢固的锚固或加固或固定，通用性非常好，使用范围也非常广泛，产品的几何尺寸可大可小，通过小样的研制和实际试用，其锚固效果令人满意。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明：
图1是典型的传统膨胀螺栓结构示意图；
图2是传统的薄壁膨胀管横截面示意图；
图3是传统的薄壁膨胀管被锚固孔洞的孔壁挤压变形后的胀开形状示意图；
图4是本发明的结构示意图；
图5是本发明的厚壁膨胀管横截面示意图；
图6是本发明的壁厚膨胀管通过折弯槽获得的刚性胀开形状示意图；
图7是本发明的带有内螺纹的退拔斜度楔块可在螺杆上移动的结构示意图；
图8是本发明的为了节省材料给出的厚壁膨胀管的横截面为花瓣式形状示意图；
图9是本发明的带有内螺纹和防滑筋的退拔斜度楔块示意图；
图10是本发明的将厚壁膨胀管做成独立锚头且可以实现灌浆锚固要求的结构示意图；
图11是本发明的为了节省材料将厚壁膨胀管的下部变薄的结构示意图；
图12是本发明的螺杆推动子弹头形状的退拔斜度楔块使得厚壁膨胀管胀开的结构示意图；
图13是本发明的将独立锚头做成上部和下部均可胀开的结构示意图；
图14是图13的胀开后的示意图。
图中：1-带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆 2-薄壁膨胀管 3-螺母 4-折弯槽 5-厚壁膨胀管 6-带有内螺纹和防滑筋的退拔斜度楔块 8-带方头的螺杆 9-防滑筋 10-定位螺母 11-开口槽 12-垫管 13-托盘 14球头螺母 15-带灌浆孔的螺杆 16-子弹头形状的退拔斜度楔块。
具体实施方式
这里首先进一步说明本发明的折弯槽存在的意义，参见附图4，本发明的厚壁膨胀管5的壁厚(见图5)是传统薄壁膨胀管2的壁厚(见图2)的N倍。随着膨胀管壁厚的增加，带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆1很难将该管壁胀开，即使能够将其微微胀开，必定会损耗太多的螺母收紧能量，就是说，此刻收紧螺母不是在做增强锚固能力的有用功，而是在做对抗或者说是在做克服厚壁膨胀管自身的强度、刚度等方面的能量，然而螺母3的收紧能力是有限度的，更何况当膨胀管的壁厚增加到一定程度时，将其微微胀开几乎都非常困难的，更不用说指望它大幅度的胀开来实现牢固的锚固了，所以说、就是它阻碍了现有技术的发展和应用， 因此，为了解决这个问题，本发明在厚壁膨胀管的上部外表面设置了折弯槽4，如图6所示，这样一来，折弯槽部位的强度和刚度被削弱了，该部位容易产生塑性变形，加厚的膨胀管变得非常容易被胀开，胀开的幅度非常大，且胀开的部分不会产生变形，胀开部分能够刚劲有力的拱入到锚固基体内，进而得到高强度的握裹抗拔力，这些就是本发明的技术方案的基础。
下面对实施本发明的一些细节作进一步说明：
如图4所示，本发明所述高强抗拔锚固件包括带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆1、螺母3和厚壁膨胀管5，厚壁膨胀管5上有折弯槽4和开口槽11。带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆1安装在厚壁膨胀管5中，顶部的退拔斜度楔块与开口槽11配合，部分卡入开口槽11中；将高强抗拔锚固件安装在所需位置后，收紧螺母3，带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆1向下移动，退拔斜度楔块撑入开口槽11中，使得厚壁膨胀管5胀开，并在折弯槽4出形成弯曲，如图6所示。
所述的折弯槽的深度和宽度、包括膨胀管壁厚的选择、以及胀开部分的长度的选择，是根据使用场合和使用要求来确定的，具体还应当做力学上的拉力、剪力、抗拔等试验；这里需要指出是，膨胀管的外直径的选择或确定，应当以国标打孔转头为参考尺寸，且稍微偏大一点点，以膨胀管在锚固孔洞内不会因为收紧螺母而产生自转为妥，机械学称之为过渡配合。
根据需要，可以在厚壁膨胀管5的外表面自上而下的设置多道折弯槽4，多道折弯槽之间的间距应当逐步拉大，进而满足了对不同握裹抗拔力的自适应要求，尤其在隧道、护坡、护栏、基坑、水坝、开采等工程的锚固或加固或固定或支护中更为实用。
必要的话，还可以对胀开部分进行热处理，这样一来，一方面可以进一步地提升胀开部分的强度、刚度和韧性，另一方面实现了节约材料，让本发明的外观尺寸变小；当然、将胀开部分的端部及外表面设计成刀口形状，同时对其进行热处理，进而满足对锚固孔洞的自钻孔或对锚固孔洞底部的自扩底的切削要求；通过对胀开部分进行热处理，还可以实现柔性锚固的目的，这里的柔性锚固是非常有意义的东西，包括进一步通过传感器读取锚固力学数据等等，限于篇幅这里就不再讨论。
如图7所示，为本发明所述高强抗拔锚固件变形结构，将图4所述高强抗拔锚固件的带有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆1设置为带有内螺纹和防滑筋的退拔斜度楔块6与带方头的螺杆8两部分，即将退拔斜度楔块6做成带有内螺纹的独立形状，可在螺杆8上移动。
如图9、10所示，所述退拔斜度楔块6设有配合螺杆螺纹的内螺纹，同时在所述的退拔斜度楔块的侧表面上设置凸起的防滑筋9，该凸起的防滑筋嵌在厚壁膨胀管上的对应的开口 槽11内的，通过旋动方头螺杆，可使退拔斜度楔块6向下移动，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
为了节省材料，或者说把节省下来的材料用到增加胀开部分的厚度上面去，本发明进一步给出厚壁膨胀管的横截面形状为花瓣式形状，见图8，该示意图是将胀开部分通过开口槽11将其分为四等分，在实际应用中，应根据厚壁膨胀管的横截面的大小来确定，横截面越大，管壁越厚，花瓣就越多，开口槽的份数就越多，这样容易折弯；当然，将开口槽的下端部做扩圆孔处理，这样一来，则能进一步减少折弯槽处的应力集中，折弯槽处不易被撕裂。
为了进一步降低成本，将本发明的厚壁膨胀管分成上下两个部分，上部为金属或高强材料制成的锚头，锚头坐落在定位螺母10上，下部为塑料或经济材料制成的垫管12，该垫管保证了带灌浆孔的螺杆15在锚固孔洞内的居中，因而符合了灌浆以及合理受力等方面的应用要求，见图10。
同理，为了节省材料将厚壁膨胀管的下部变薄，如图11所示。
当然，还可以将退拔斜度楔块做成子弹头形状，见图12。通过螺杆推动子弹头形状的退拔斜度楔块16使得厚壁膨胀管胀开；或将螺杆上端部直接做成子弹头形状，旋动螺杆，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开；进一步变换，还以可将螺杆上部直接做成不带螺纹的杆，其杆的端部为子弹头形状，杆与厚壁膨胀管的下部的不带螺纹的孔洞为紧密配合，这样直接敲击螺杆的下端，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
为了增强锚固效果，将厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分的外表面作防滑粗糙，或棘刺棘齿处理。为了进一步增强锚固效果，将所述锚头做成上下同时胀开的双锚头形状，见图13和图14。
根据不同的使用要求或使用目的，将螺杆底端设置为平头、方头、扁平头、内六角头，或内六角法兰面、外六角或外六角法兰面、内外六角或内外六角法兰面、一字或十字槽、或一十字槽、或附加设置吊杆、牙条、挂钩、吊环、托盘13、球头螺母14、或活接。
需要强调说明的是，本发明的几何尺寸可大可小，一般来说，民用，如安装家用电器、装饰装修等用途的锚固，属于受力较小的情况，故而几何尺寸较小，工程用，如建筑、公路、桥梁、高铁,、护栏、电力、通讯、军工、隧道、护坡、基坑、水坝、开采等工程中的锚固或加固或固定或支护，属于受力较大的情况，故而几何尺寸较大，包括将螺杆15做成带通孔的螺杆，且带有出浆口，达到对锚固孔洞实现灌浆，进而得到永久性的或抗振动的锚固效果，见图10。
关于本发明的制造工艺，有多种多样可选择，且技术成熟，这里就不详述；关于将本发明举一反三，变换应用，都是轻而易举的事情了，这里也不赘述。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种高强抗拔锚固件，包括一端设置有若干开口槽的膨胀管，以及一端设置有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆及螺母，膨胀管套在螺杆上，螺母套在螺杆的下端；收紧螺母，螺杆上的退拔斜度楔块将带有若干开口槽的膨胀管胀开；其特征在于：所述膨胀管为厚壁膨胀管；在所述厚壁膨胀管的邻近开口槽下部位置的外表面，沿厚壁膨胀管的横截面方向设置折弯槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：在厚壁膨胀管的开口槽的下端部设置有扩圆孔。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：在厚壁膨胀管的外表面自上而下的设置多道折弯槽，多道折弯槽之间的间距逐步增大。
  4. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述退拔斜度楔块设有配合螺杆螺纹的内螺纹，同时在所述的退拔斜度楔块的侧表面上设置凸起的防滑筋，该凸起的防滑筋嵌在厚壁膨胀管上的对应的开口槽内；收紧螺杆，可使退拔斜度楔块在螺杆上向下移动，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
  5. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述退拔斜度楔块设置为子弹头形状，或者将所述螺杆上端部设置为子弹头形状，所述退拔斜度楔块即为螺杆的子弹头形状端部，旋动螺杆使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
  6. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述厚壁膨胀管分成上下两个部分，上部为金属材料或高强材料制成的锚头，下部为塑料或其它经济材料制成的垫管，螺母设置在锚头与垫管之间；或取消下部，将上部设置为独立的锚头。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述厚壁膨胀管下部的管壁外径与设置折弯槽处的管壁外径一致。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述膨胀管的上部和下部均设置开口槽，所述折弯槽设置于膨胀管上、下胀开部分之间，对应于膨胀管上、下胀开部分设置有上、下退拔斜度楔块。
  9. 根据权利要求1、2、3或8所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述厚壁膨胀管的具有开口槽部分的横截面形状为花瓣式形状。
  10. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：所述螺杆上设置有灌浆孔。
  11. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：对厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分进行热处理；将厚壁膨胀管的胀开部分的外表面作防滑粗糙或棘刺、棘齿处理；将厚壁膨胀 管的胀开部分的端部及外表面设置为刀口形状。
  12. 根据权利要求1、2或3所述的一种高强抗拔锚固件，其特征在于：将螺杆的下端设置为平头、方头、内六角头，或内六角法兰面、外六角或外六角法兰面、内外六角或内外六角法兰面、一字或十字槽，或附加设置吊杆、牙条、挂钩、吊环、托盘、球头螺母、或活接。
  13. 一种高强抗拔锚固件，包括一端设置有若干开口槽的膨胀管，以及一端设置有退拔斜度楔块的螺杆，膨胀管套在螺杆上；其特征在于：所述膨胀管为厚壁膨胀管；在所述厚壁膨胀管的邻近开口槽下部位置的外表面，沿厚壁膨胀管的横截面方向设置折弯槽；所述螺杆上部为不带螺纹的杆，该杆的端部设置为子弹头形状，并与厚壁膨胀管的下部的不带螺纹的孔洞紧密配合；直接敲击螺杆的下端，使得厚壁膨胀管胀开。
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CN113756256A (zh) * 2021-09-28 2021-12-07 王伟龙 一种水利大坝抗震结构
RU212834U1 (ru) * 2022-06-07 2022-08-11 Акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решетнёва" Соединительный блок для соединения модуля служебных систем с модулем полезной нагрузки

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