WO2018182688A1 - Accès déterministe basé sur un déclencheur dans des réseaux wi-fi de nouvelle génération synchronisés dans le temps - Google Patents

Accès déterministe basé sur un déclencheur dans des réseaux wi-fi de nouvelle génération synchronisés dans le temps Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018182688A1
WO2018182688A1 PCT/US2017/025386 US2017025386W WO2018182688A1 WO 2018182688 A1 WO2018182688 A1 WO 2018182688A1 US 2017025386 W US2017025386 W US 2017025386W WO 2018182688 A1 WO2018182688 A1 WO 2018182688A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cycle
cycles
uplink
devices
downlink
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PCT/US2017/025386
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English (en)
Inventor
Dave Cavalcanti
Alexander W. Min
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Intel Corporation
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Priority to PCT/US2017/025386 priority Critical patent/WO2018182688A1/fr
Publication of WO2018182688A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018182688A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
    • H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
    • H04W56/0015—Synchronization between nodes one node acting as a reference for the others
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
    • H04W56/003—Arrangements to increase tolerance to errors in transmission or reception timing

Definitions

  • This disclosure generally relates to systems, methods, and devices for wireless communications and, more particularly, trigger-based deterministic access in time synchronized next generation Wi-Fi networks.
  • Time sensitive networks include networks that provide time synchronization and timeliness, with a focus on deterministic latency and reliability/redundancy to critical data flows.
  • TSN applications have been using wired connectivity.
  • wiring has several limitations, such as high maintenance cost, weight, or limited mobility.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a diagram illustrating an example network environment for an illustrative trigger-based deterministic access system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a wireless industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for input/output data communication within a cycle-based industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for uplink and downlink schedules in an industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an example trigger-based multi-user (MU) uplink and downlink scheduled within a cycle, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an example trigger-based MU uplink and downlink scheduled within a cycle, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • MU multi-user
  • FIG. 7 A depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for trigger-based deterministic access, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7B depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for trigger-based deterministic access, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 depicts a functional diagram of an example communication station that may be suitable for use as a user device, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 depicts a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for providing messaging to wireless devices in various wireless networks, including but not limited to Wi-Fi, TSN, Wireless USB, Wi-Fi peer-to-peer (P2P), Bluetooth, NFC, or any other communication standard.
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
  • TSN Wireless USB
  • Wi-Fi peer-to-peer P2P
  • Bluetooth Wi-Fi peer-to-peer
  • NFC wireless Fidelity
  • TSN time sensitive networks
  • TSN applications require very low transmission latency and high availability.
  • TSN applications include a mix of traffic patterns and requirements.
  • synchronous TSN data flows e.g., between sensors, actuators, and controllers in a closed loop control system
  • Some TSN flows require latencies on the order of tens of with high reliability.
  • one or more TSN flows may be generated in order to send and receive data between devices. For example, each TSN flow generates a synchronous data stream with a fixed packet size and inter-arrival period.
  • these types of applications were carried in a wired network.
  • Industrial control and smart factories are examples of TSN applications where wireless connectivity can provide great benefits including easy re-configurability, cost- reduction (expensive wiring replacement), and a better user experience through untethered operation.
  • Wi-Fi is a key connectivity technology for smart factories, and extending Wi-Fi beyond consumer grade usages to provide wireless TSN performance is a new opportunity for Wi-Fi in the industrial Internet of Things (IoT) market.
  • IoT industrial Internet of Things
  • Gpbs gigabits per second
  • 802.1 lac 802.1 lac
  • 802.1 lax 802.1 lax
  • 802.1 lad/ay 802.1 lad/ay
  • MAC media access control
  • unlicensed spectrum imposes new challenges, especially to guarantee reliabilities comparable to wired protocols (e.g., ethernet TSN).
  • a fundamental capacity problem for Wi-Fi-based wireless TSN is to maximize the number of TSN data frames transferred (e.g., input/output (I/O) devices serviced) within the cycle time with very high reliability.
  • the network has to significantly reduce the packet error rate (PER) under the time constraint defined by the cycle time (e.g., 1 msec), which limits the ability to rely on MAC layer retransmissions.
  • PER packet error rate
  • the system capacity i.e., number of I/O devices supported
  • STAs station devices
  • AP access point
  • STAs may also independently decide to transmit in any given channel. For instance, an STA may switch to a channel to transmit probe request frames to discover networks in the vicinity.
  • QoS quality of service
  • Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for trigger-based deterministic access time synchronized next generation Wi-Fi networks.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may facilitate using trigger-based communication capabilities of a Wi-Fi system to operate in a time synchronized wireless time sensitive network (WTSN) environment.
  • WTSN wireless time sensitive network
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may facilitate efficient and deterministic multi-user transmissions by enabling beacon-based and trigger- based communications in combination with time-synchronized and cycle-based operation.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access system may minimize the overhead for data transmission (in both uplink and downlink directions) and may improve reliability by leveraging frequency diversity within the latency constraints of the control cycle.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access system may significantly improve the capacity of Wi-Fi-based WTSN, which is an important factor to ensure cost-effective and reliable deployment.
  • a WTSN system may enable an AP to assign dedicated channel(s) to TSN applications including the announcement of TSN dedicated channels and a procedure to prevent non-TSN transmissions in TSN dedicated channels.
  • the AP may select a dedicated channel for TSN transmissions based on a combination of factors. Some of these factors may include channel measurements, the number of associated STAs, and specific latency requirements. Given the deterministic nature of the most critical TSN flows (both packet size and inter-arrival times are known), by restricting access to a given channel to only TSN flows, it becomes possible to schedule TSN transmissions, provide redundancy, and avoid interference from other STAs.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may coordinate the scheduling of uplink and downlink communications between devices using cycles and assign uplink or downlink slots based on a cycle number.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may determine periods that may be used for uplink or downlink. For example, an uplink cycle period and a downlink cycle period may be based at least in part on the number of devices being serviced by a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a programmable logic controller (PLC)) or the type of device. The period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device. The period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • a controller device e.g., an AP and/or a programmable logic controller (PLC)
  • PLC programmable logic controller
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may use a control frame and/or a management frame to assign the uplink cycles and the downlink cycles, in addition to the cycle numbers.
  • a controller device may determine the duration and frequency of the cycles, the cycle numbers, the allocation of cycles (e.g., uplink or downlink), or any other factors associated with the cycles.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may facilitate that a device may not need to contend to have access to a channel since the allocation of cycles is determined by a controller device, such as an AP and/or a PLC.
  • a controller device such as an AP and/or a PLC.
  • an AP may not need to perform a backoff procedure in order to access the channel and transmit a trigger frame. Instead the AP, by knowing the cycle time, may access the channel by waiting a cycle offset time just before sending the trigger frame.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may trigger multi-user uplink data transmission using the trigger frame, which may not require any block acknowledgments since the controller device has already scheduled and predetermined the uplink and/or the downlink allocations during the determined cycles.
  • the AP may disable the use of downlink block acknowledgement because it is a deterministic/scheduled system, and the AP (or some application running on the AP) knows which STAs are expected to transmit and when. Note that this is a use case in a managed Wi- Fi deployment where some stations have known traffic partners and need guaranteed QoS (e.g. industrial control, virtual reality, etc.). Since the AP knows who is expected to transmit, it can detect any packet error and then trigger a retransmission by using another trigger frame.
  • QoS e.g. industrial control, virtual reality, etc.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may send one or more trigger frames within each cycle of the one or more cycle allocations. This may allow for additional synchronization between a controller device and one or more actuators.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system using a trigger frame or other management frames, may schedule multi-user uplink data where multiple users may be scheduled to transmit at the same time using different frequencies and/or different channels.
  • the controller device may send another trigger frame that includes a negative acknowledgment (NACK) indicating a failure to transmit.
  • NACK negative acknowledgment
  • the purpose of the trigger frame may be to notify the devices that did not transmit their uplink data of other opportunities to use different frequencies to retransmit the uplink data.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may combine a trigger frame with downlink data that may be multicasted to one or more devices. This may eliminate the need for an additional uplink block acknowledgment.
  • the controller device may be responding to input data received on one or more devices from a previous cycle.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example network environment for an illustrative trigger-based deterministic access system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with and be compliant with various communication standards and protocols, such as Wi-Fi, UDP, TSN, Wireless USB, P2P, Bluetooth, NFC, or any other communication standard.
  • the user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.
  • the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 8 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 9.
  • One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 1 10. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs.
  • STA station
  • An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA.
  • QoS quality-of- service
  • the one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be
  • the one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP).
  • PBSS personal basic service set
  • PCP/AP control point/access point
  • the user device(s) 120 (e.g. , 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non- mobile, e.g., a static, device.
  • user device(s) 120 and/or AP 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook tm computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a robotic device, an actuator, a robotic arm, an industrial robotic device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • IP Internet protocol
  • ID Bluetooth identifier
  • NFC near-field communication
  • An IoT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like.
  • a passive communication interface such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like
  • RFID radio-frequency identification
  • NFC tag or the like
  • active communication interface such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like.
  • An IoT device can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet.
  • a device state or status such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuitry
  • IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the IoT network.
  • IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc.
  • the IoT network may be comprised of a combination of "legacy" Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).
  • “legacy” Internet-accessible devices e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.
  • devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity e.g., dishwashers, etc.
  • the user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stations in, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3 GPP standards.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired.
  • the user device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to- peer or directly with each other with or without the AP 102.
  • Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks.
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs).
  • any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • coaxial cable twisted-pair wire
  • optical fiber a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium
  • microwave terrestrial transceivers microwave terrestrial transceivers
  • radio frequency communication mediums white space communication mediums
  • ultra-high frequency communication mediums satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may include one or more communications antennas.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP 102.
  • suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi- omnidirectional antennas, or the like.
  • the one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP 102.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors.
  • Any of the user device(s) 120 e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.
  • MIMO bearnforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital bearnforming.
  • user devices 120 and/or AP 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.
  • Any of the user devices 120 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP 102 to communicate with each other.
  • the radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols.
  • the radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more communication standards and protocols, such as, Wi-Fi, UDP, TSN, Wireless USB, Wi-Fi P2P, Bluetooth, NFC, or any other communication standard.
  • the radio component in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g. 802.1 1b, 802. l lg, 802.11 ⁇ , 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g. 802.1 1 ⁇ , 802.1 l ac, 802.1 lax), or 60 GHz channels (e.g. 802.1 1 ad).
  • non-Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g. IEEE 802.1 1af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications.
  • the radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols.
  • the radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.
  • LNA low noise amplifier
  • A/D analog-to-digital converter
  • an AP e.g., AP 102
  • the AP 102 may communicate in a downlink direction, and the user devices 120 may communicate with the AP 102 in an uplink direction by sending frames in either direction.
  • the user devices 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the AP 102.
  • the data frames may be preceded by one or more preambles that may be part of one or more headers. These preambles may be used to allow a device (e.g., the AP 102 and/or the user devices 120) to detect a new incoming data frame from another device.
  • a preamble may be a signal used in network communications to synchronize transmission timing between two or more devices (e.g., between the APs and the user devices).
  • a PLC may be used to control or otherwise manipulate an actuator (e.g., a robot arm, a sensor, a light bulb, etc.).
  • the inputs from these manipulators may be, for example, inputs about the current position of a robot arm.
  • the PLC may be a device that may run an algorithm that may use the inputs as inputs to the algorithm to generate additional actions to be performed by the actuator.
  • the PLC may generate an output that conveys the additional actions to be performed by the actuator.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may include autonomous cars, robots, virtual reality, or any application that needs time deterministic operations by taking input in order to generate an output.
  • a virtual reality system may include synchronization of high definition videos in a control frame received from the head-mounted device in order to determine the direction and movement of the head-mounted device.
  • the head-mounted device may be considered an actuator.
  • the head-mounted device may send input data which may be sending data related to the orientation of the head-mounted device.
  • the controller device may then utilize that input information in order to send back some output information that may be in response to the input information. This type of system may benefit from the trigger-based deterministic access system.
  • an AP 102 may communicate with the user devices 120.
  • the user devices 120 may include one or more wireless devices (e.g., user device 124) and one or more wireless TSN devices (e.g., user devices 126 and 128).
  • the user devices 120 may access a channel in accordance with MAC protocol rules or any other access rules (e.g., Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, etc.).
  • the wireless TSN devices may also access a channel according to the same or modified protocol rules.
  • the AP 102 may dedicate certain channels for TSN applications that may be needed by the one or more wireless TSN devices and may allocate other channels to the non-TSN devices.
  • the AP 102 may also define one or more access rules associated with the dedicated channels. For example, a dedicated channel may be allocated by the AP 102 for TSN transmissions for TSN applications by TSN devices. TSN transmissions may include transmissions that have a very low transmission latency and high availability. Further, the TSN transmissions may include synchronous TSN data flows between sensors, actuators, controllers, robots, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, in a closed loop control system. The TSN transmissions require reliable and deterministic communications.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • a system may define one or more cycles, such that a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC) may operate in a deterministic way, for example, on a per cycle basis.
  • a cycle may be of a fixed duration and all of the cycles may have the same duration. For example, if each cycle is 1 millisecond, then the actuators and the PLC may be aware of the number and duration of each cycle in order to organize the inputs and outputs. For example, a PLC may determine to read from a memory during a cycle. Further, the PLC may determine to generate an action that may be sent as an output during another cycle. An actuator and/or a PLC may complete an action within a cycle.
  • a Wi-Fi system may need to implement backoff timers and channel access delays in order to attempt to manage the traffic of one or more devices, which may introduce an inherent randomness to accessing a channel.
  • a Wi-Fi system may not take into consideration an application that may be running on a controller device, such as an AP or a PLC, which may be operating on a deterministic pattern.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may coordinate the scheduling of uplink and downlink communications between devices using cycles and assigned uplink or downlink slots based on a cycle number.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may determine periods that may be used for uplink or downlink. For example, an uplink cycle period and a downlink cycle period may be based at least in part on the number of devices being serviced by a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC) or the type of device. The period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device. The period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may use a control frame and/or a management frame to assign the uplink cycles and the downlink cycles, in addition to the cycle numbers.
  • a controller device may determine the duration and frequency of the cycles, the cycle numbers, the allocation of cycles (e.g., uplink or downlink), or any other factors associated with the cycles.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may facilitate efficient and deterministic multi-user transmissions by enabling beacon-based and trigger- based communications in combination with time-synchronized and cycle-based operation.
  • an AP 102 and/or a PLC 104 may determine one or more periods, made up of one or more cycles, that may be used for transmissions in the downlink (e.g., period 108) and the uplink (period 106) directions.
  • the AP 102 and the PLC 104 may communicate through link 105.
  • the AP 102 and the PLC 104 may be combined. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a wireless industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown an example of a wireless industrial control system where one or more groups of user devices (e.g., groups 221, 222, and 223) may be input/output (I/O) devices (e.g., STA process) that may wirelessly communicate with one or more PLCs 224, 226, and 228, respectively, in a synchronous pattern through an AP 202.
  • the groups 221 , 222, and 223 may be TSN STAs, which may be time synchronized to a master reference time, and I/O and data processing operations are executed in a deterministic cyclic pattern (I/O input followed by I/O output after a given number of cycles).
  • These TSN STAs may be actuators that may have inputs to be processed by the controlling PLC, where the controlling PLC may generate outputs that may be sent to the TSN STAs.
  • the controlling PLC may generate outputs that may be sent to the TSN STAs.
  • any of the STAs of groups 221 , 222, and 223 may need to report data to PLCs 224, 226, and 228, respectively.
  • the PLCs 224, 226, and 228 may process the data and may send one or more actions to at least one of these TSN STAs.
  • the operation happens in a deterministic pattern such that a controller is able to determine the time and frequency of the actions that may be taken by one or more actuators.
  • a trigger-based deterministic access system may define a TSN stream to have a constant packet size and period (inter-arrival time), which may be specified in units of cycles.
  • a TSN STA may handle multiple streams, but a typical case (e.g., for an I/O device) is one uplink (I/O input) and one downlink (I/O output) stream.
  • Enabling deterministic transmission of data (e.g. I/O input and output) within the duration of a control cycle is a fundamental requirement to guarantee deterministic behavior expected by the control system. While the specific cycle times vary depending on the application, supporting operation at 1 millisecond cycles is expected to enable a wide range of industrial use cases. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 300 for input/output data communication within a cycle-based industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • cycles 1 -7 there is shown a number of cycles (cycles 1 -7), where a group of devices associated with a PLCl 302 and another group of devices (e.g., actuators) associated with a PLC2 304, may be utilized by each group to send and receive inputs and outputs.
  • inputs 320 e.g., Ii, I 2 , ... , I n , where n is an integer
  • Ii, I 2 , ... , I n may be generated by one or more actuators of the first group of devices associated with PLC l 302 that may need to be sent from the actuators to the PLCl 302 during a certain cycle (e.g., cycle 1).
  • one or more inputs 340 may be generated by one or more actuators of the first group of devices associated with PLC2 304 that may need to be sent from the actuators to the PLCl 304 during a certain cycle (e.g., cycle 2). It may be designated that PLCl 302 may send its downlink output data (e.g., output 322) during cycle 6. Similarly, PLCl 304 may send its downlink output data (e.g., output 342), during cycle 7. It should be noted that the downlink output data 322 and/or 342 may be multicast downlink output data to a respective group of actuators.
  • an uplink input and a downlink output are not expected to happen in the same cycle. They may be separated by a fixed number of cycles.
  • the uplink stream may happen in cycle 1 and the downlink stream may have been in cycle 6 for the group of devices associated with PLC1 302. Further, during cycle 7, it is shown that another set of inputs 324 is sent from one or more actuators associated with PLC 1 302.
  • a potential issue may be ensuring that all of these inputs are received before the end of a cycle.
  • the inputs 320 may have been allocated to be in cycle 1.
  • a wired system may guarantee that all of these inputs are all received within a cycle.
  • these inputs may be based on many factors and may not all be received within a cycle due to interference, noise,, signal loss, signal power, signal-to-noise ratio, distance,, or any other factors that may degrade a wireless signal.
  • a controller device may coordinate the scheduling of uplink and downlink communications between devices using cycles and assign uplink or downlink slots based on a cycle number.
  • a controller device may determine periods that may be used for uplink or downlink. For example, an uplink cycle period and a downlink cycle period may be based at least in part on the number of devices being serviced by a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC) or the type of device. The period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device. The period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • a controller device e.g., an AP and/or a PLC
  • the period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device. The period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • a controller device may maximize the number of inputs that may be received in a deterministic fashion in order to be transmitted within a cycle time, and without crossing into another cycle. For example, a control device may minimize the overhead for transmitting data, which may in turn improve the reliability of the system. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 4 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for uplink and downlink schedules in an industrial control system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • an AP 402 may be communicating with one or more TSN devices (e.g., STA 420) in a deterministic transmission, which combines time synchronization and cycle-based operation.
  • TSN devices e.g., STA 420
  • TSPEC traffic specification
  • the AP would, therefore, be aware of TSN traffic streams and can schedule TSN data stream transmissions for all TSN STAs. Furthermore, it may be assumed that the APs and the STAs within a wireless TSN network may synchronize their clocks to a master reference time as defined in the 802. IAS timing and synchronization standard and to a control system cycle time.
  • a TSN stream may be defined by a constant packet size and period (inter-arrival time), which may be specified in units of cycles.
  • a TSN STA may handle multiple streams, but a typical case (e.g., for an I/O device) is one uplink (I/O input) and one downlink (I/O output) stream.
  • the uplink (I/O input) and the downlink (I/O output) may not be expected to happen in the same cycle (they are separated by a fixed number of cycles), as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the AP 402 may communicate a cycle-based schedule to the STA(s) (e.g., STA 420) using beacon frames (e.g., beacon frames 404 and 408) defining the cycles during which the STA(s) are expected to transmit (uplink) and/or receive (downlink).
  • the beacon frames may be sent on an operating channel, where the operating channel may be a primary channel or may be a non-TSN channel.
  • the schedule for a given TSN stream may have: (1) a starting cycle number (e.g., cycle 1), which may be a number of the cycle for the first scheduled data exchange; (2) a period (e.g., UL cycle period 410 and DL cycle period 412), which may be a number of cycles between scheduled cycles; and (3) a direction, e.g., UL (STA to AP), DL (AP to STA), or P2P (STA to STA).
  • a starting cycle number e.g., cycle 1
  • a period e.g., UL cycle period 410 and DL cycle period 412
  • a direction e.g., UL (STA to AP), DL (AP to STA), or P2P (STA to STA).
  • a maximum number of repetitions may also be included in the beacon frames 404 and/or 408 to indicate the maximum number of transactions for which the schedule is valid. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 5 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an example trigger-based multi-user (MU) uplink and downlink scheduled within a cycle, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • MU multi-user
  • multiple STAs may be scheduled within the same cycle, some in the uplink direction and others in the downlink direction, by using a trigger-based approach as defined in, for example, the 802.1 1 standard.
  • one allocation cycle X may contain a scheduled trigger frame 502, a multi-user UL data 504, a trigger frame 506, an MU UL data retransmission 508, an MU DL data 510, and a UL block acknowledgment 512.
  • the trigger frame 502 may be transmitted without contention at the beginning of the cycle X.
  • a guard time e.g., cycleTxOffset
  • the contention-free trigger frame transmission does not need to acquire the channel, because the cycle has already been reserved for the TSN transmissions by the controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC device). Therefore, the contention overhead for the trigger frame transmission may be removed.
  • the trigger frame 502 may also be used as an implicit acknowledgment of the previously transmitted MU UL data and retransmission mode to further reduce overhead due to MU block acknowledgments.
  • the AP may change resource allocation (e.g., OFDMA sub-channels) for uplink transmissions to exploit frequency diversity. For example, if the AP needs to request a retransmission from only one STA, then it may allocate the entire channel bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz) for retransmission.
  • the AP may schedule trigger-frame-based retransmissions multiple times as long as it can meet the latency requirement.
  • MU downlink transmissions may also be initiated by the AP without contention within a cycle time (e.g., cycle X).
  • the AP may initiate MU downlink transmission at a short interframe space (SIFS) after the AP successfully receives the uplink transmissions (e.g., MU UL data 504 and/or MU UL data retransmission 508.
  • SIFS short interframe space
  • the AP may send a reduced trigger frame (or mini trigger frame), which may contain only a minimum of required information to trigger the MU UL data 504.
  • the AP may decide the number of uplink and downlink transmissions that may be scheduled to maintain the required high reliability levels for TSN grade performance. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for an example trigger-based multi-user (MU) uplink and downlink scheduled within a cycle, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • MU multi-user
  • one allocation cycle X may include a trigger frame 602 (combined with downlink data), an MU UL data frame 604, a trigger frame 606, and an MU UL data retransmission frame 608.
  • a trigger frame that may be sent during a cycle may also be combined with downlink data (e.g., trigger frame 602).
  • the trigger frame may specify the resources for MU uplink transmissions (e.g., MU UL data 604) and may include a data payload for downlink transmission (e.g., I/O output scheduled in the cycle), which may carry multicast/broadcast data (e.g., I/O output to one or more devices).
  • the AP may specify whether it expects to receive a block acknowledgment from the STAs that may receive the downlink data transmission combined with the trigger frame in trigger frame 602.
  • the block acknowledgment frames may be combined with the MU uplink transmissions (e.g., MU UL data 604 and/or MU UL data retransmission 608).
  • the AP may schedule a retransmission for downlink data; for example, downlink data can be retransmitted with the second trigger frame transmission.
  • the one or more devices may send their MU UL data frame 604 based on the trigger frame 602.
  • the AP may determine whether any uplink data was not received by the AP.
  • the AP may identify which device did not send its uplink data or the data may have not successfully been received by the AP, even though it was sent by the device.
  • the AP may then send another trigger frame (e.g., frame 606) to the device from which the uplink data was not received. This may present the device with another opportunity to transmit its uplink data using a different resource (e.g., a different channel, frequency, time slot, etc.).
  • a different resource e.g., a different channel, frequency, time slot, etc.
  • this user device receives frame 606, it may determine that it is a trigger frame with a specific allocation that may be used by this device to transmit its uplink data. There may be more than one device that may have failed to send its uplink data.
  • receiving the frame 606 may indicate specific allocations for each of these devices to retransmit their uplink data.
  • the AP may receive an MU UL data retransmission as shown in frame 608. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 7A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 700 for an illustrative trigger-based deterministic access system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device may determine a beacon frame comprising at least in part a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network (TSN) channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • TSN time sensitive network
  • an AP may communicate with one or more TSN devices in deterministic transmission, which combines time synchronization and cycle-based operation.
  • the AP may communicate a cycle-based schedule to the TSN devices using beacon frames defining the cycles during which the devices are expected to transmit (uplink) and/or receive (downlink).
  • the cycle-based schedule may include periods that may be used for uplink or downlink.
  • an uplink period and a downlink period may be based at least in part on the number of devices being serviced by a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC) or the type of device.
  • the period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device.
  • the period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • the device may cause to send the beacon frame to one or more first devices over a non-time sensitive network channel.
  • the AP may send the beacon frame to the one or more TSN devices using a primary channel instead of the TSN channel.
  • the beacon frames may be sent on an operating channel, where the operating channel may be a primary channel.
  • the AP may use a control frame and/or a management frame to assign the uplink cycles and the downlink cycles, in addition to the cycle numbers.
  • the AP device may determine the duration and frequency of the cycles, the cycle numbers, the allocation of cycles (e.g., uplink or downlink), or any other factors associated with the cycles.
  • the schedule for a given TSN flow in the TSN transmissions may have: (1) a starting cycle number (e.g., cycle 1), which may be a number of the cycle for the first scheduled data exchange; (2) a period (e.g., UL cycle period 410 and DL cycle period 412), which may be a number of cycles between scheduled cycles; and (3) a direction, e.g., UL (STA to AP), DL (AP to STA), or P2P (STA to STA).
  • a starting cycle number e.g., cycle 1
  • a period e.g., UL cycle period 410 and DL cycle period 412
  • a direction e.g., UL (STA to AP), DL (AP to STA), or P2P (STA to STA).
  • the device may identify one or more uplink data from at least one of the one or more first devices during one of the one or more cycles.
  • the AP may receive, after sending the beacon frame and the trigger frames, the uplink data from devices that have uplink data (inputs) to be sent to the AP and/or a PLC.
  • the AP may retransmit additional information for the device to use in order to retransmit its data.
  • the AP may change resource allocation (e.g., OFDMA sub-channels) for uplink transmissions to exploit frequency diversity.
  • the AP may allocate the entire channel bandwidth (e.g., 20 MHz) for retransmission.
  • the AP may schedule trigger-frame-based retransmissions multiple times as long as it can meet the latency requirement. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 7B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 750 for an illustrative trigger-based deterministic access system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a device may identify a beacon frame received from a device on a non-time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • an AP may communicate with one or more TSN devices in a deterministic transmission, which combines time synchronization and cycle- based operation.
  • the AP may communicate a cycle-based schedule to the TSN devices using beacon frames defining the cycles during which the devices are expected to transmit (uplink) and/or receive (downlink).
  • the device may identify a cycle schedule of one or more cycles received in the beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame may include a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network (TSN) channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • TSN time sensitive network
  • the cycle-based schedule may include periods that may be used for uplink or downlink. For example, an uplink period and a downlink period may be based at least in part on the number of devices being serviced by a controller device (e.g., an AP and/or a PLC) or the type of device.
  • the period may be flexible and/or configurable at an application level at the controller device. The period may be based on the need and the type of traffic.
  • the device may cause to send one or more inputs within a first cycle over a time sensitive network channel.
  • the one or more inputs may be uplink data that may need to be sent to a PLC through an AP. These inputs may need to be sent within a cycle, where the cycle was determined based on the cycle schedule.
  • the cycle schedule may include an uplink period that may be comprised of one or more cycles. The device may send its inputs during the uplink period during a specific cycle determined by the AP.
  • the device may identify one or more outputs from the device within a second cycle over the time sensitive network channel.
  • the AP may identify the inputs sent by the device.
  • the inputs may be sent to a PLC device.
  • the PLC may be a device that may run an algorithm that may use the inputs as inputs to the algorithm to generate additional actions to be performed by the device.
  • the PLC may generate one or more outputs that convey the additional actions to be performed by the device.
  • the PLC would communicate with the device through the AP in order to send the one or more outputs.
  • the one or more outputs may be received by the device, which may perform the additional actions that were conveyed by the one or more outputs. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.
  • FIG. 8 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 800 in accordance with some embodiments.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or a user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments.
  • the communication station 800 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • the communication station 800 may include communications circuitry 802 and a transceiver 810 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 801.
  • the transceiver 810 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g., communication circuitry 802).
  • the communication circuitry 802 may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and digital to analog converters.
  • the transceiver 810 may transmit and receive analog or digital signals.
  • the transceiver 810 may allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex, and requires that the transmitter and receiver operate on substantially different frequencies so the transmitted signal does not interfere with reception.
  • the transceiver 810 may operate in a half-duplex mode, where transceiver 810 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at a time.
  • the communications circuitry 802 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals.
  • the communication station 800 may also include processing circuitry 806 and memory 808 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 802 and the processing circuitry 806 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 A, and 7B.
  • the communications circuitry 802 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium.
  • the communications circuitry 802 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals.
  • the communications circuitry 802 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc.
  • the processing circuitry 806 of the communication station 800 may include one or more processors.
  • two or more antennas 801 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 802 arranged for sending and receiving signals.
  • the memory 808 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 806 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein.
  • the memory 808 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • the memory 808 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 800 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.
  • the communication station 800 may include one or more antennas 801.
  • the antennas 801 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals.
  • a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used instead of two or more antennas.
  • each aperture may be considered a separate antenna.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.
  • the communication station 800 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements.
  • the display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.
  • the communication station 800 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements.
  • some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein.
  • the functional elements of the communication station 800 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.
  • Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein.
  • a computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).
  • a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media.
  • the communication station 800 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 900 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed.
  • the machine 900 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g. , networked) to other machines.
  • the machine 900 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments.
  • the machine 900 may act as a peer machine in peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • the machine 900 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • PC personal computer
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • STB set-top box
  • mobile telephone a wearable computer device
  • web appliance e.g., a network router, a switch or bridge
  • network router e.g., a router, a router, or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station.
  • machine shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (
  • Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms.
  • Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating.
  • a module includes hardware.
  • the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired).
  • the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating.
  • the execution units may be a member of more than one module.
  • the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.
  • the machine (e.g., computer system) 900 may include a hardware processor 902 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 904 and a static memory 906, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 908.
  • the machine 900 may further include a power management device 932, a graphics display device 910, an alphanumeric input device 912 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 914 (e.g., a mouse).
  • UI user interface
  • the graphics display device 910, alphanumeric input device 912, and UI navigation device 914 may be a touch screen display.
  • the machine 900 may additionally include a storage device (i. e. , drive unit) 916, a signal generation device 918 (e.g., a speaker), a trigger-based deterministic access device 919, a network interface device/transceiver 920 coupled to antenna(s) 930, and one or more sensors 928, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor.
  • GPS global positioning system
  • the machine 900 may include an output controller 934, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • a serial e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).
  • USB universal serial bus
  • IR infrared
  • NFC near field communication
  • the storage device 916 may include a machine readable medium 922 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 924 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein.
  • the instructions 924 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 904, within the static memory 906, or within the hardware processor 902 during execution thereof by the machine 900.
  • one or any combination of the hardware processor 902, the main memory 904, the static memory 906, or the storage device 916 may constitute machine-readable media.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access device 919 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., processes 700 and 750) described and shown above.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access device 919 may facilitate using the trigger- based communication capabilities of a Wi-Fi system to operate in a time synchronized wireless time sensitive network (WTSN) environment.
  • WTSN wireless time sensitive network
  • the trigger-based deterministic access device 919 may facilitate efficient and deterministic multi-user transmissions by enabling beacon-based and trigger-based communications in combination with time-synchronized and cycle-based operation.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access device 919 may minimize the overhead for data transmission (in both uplink and downlink directions) and may improve reliability by leveraging frequency diversity within the latency constraints of the control cycle.
  • the trigger-based deterministic access device 919 may significantly improve the capacity of Wi-Fi-based WTSN, which is an important factor to ensure cost-effective and reliable deployment.
  • machine-readable medium 922 is illustrated as a single medium, the term “machine-readable medium” may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 924.
  • machine-readable medium may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 924.
  • Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware.
  • This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein.
  • the instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like.
  • Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc.
  • machine-readable medium may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 900 and that cause the machine 900 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions.
  • Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media.
  • a massed machine-readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass.
  • Specific examples of massed machine-readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g.
  • the instructions 924 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 926 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 920 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.).
  • transfer protocols e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.
  • Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1 1 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 920 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 926.
  • the network interface device/transceiver 920 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques.
  • transmission medium shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 900 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
  • the operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.
  • the word "exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.
  • the terms “computing device,” “user device,” “communication station,” “station,” “handheld device,” “mobile device,” “wireless device” and “user equipment” (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.
  • HDR high data rate
  • the device may be either mobile or stationary.
  • communicate is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as “communicating,” when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed.
  • the term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal.
  • a wireless communication unit which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.
  • the term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station.
  • An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art.
  • Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.1 1 standards.
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.
  • WAP wireless application protocol
  • Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency- division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra-wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for
  • the device may include memory and processing circuitry configured to determine a beacon frame may include at least in part a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to cause to send the beacon frame to one or more first devices over a non-time sensitive network channel.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to identify one or more uplink data from at least one of the one or more first devices during one of the one or more cycles.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to cause to send at least one trigger frame to at least one of the one or more first devices within each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to allocate an uplink period may include one or more uplink cycles.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to allocate a downlink period may include one or more downlink cycles.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to causing to include the uplink period allocation and the downlink period allocation within the beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a trigger frame is sent after a predetermined cycle offset at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame acknowledges a previously received link data from at least one of the one or more first devices.
  • the trigger frame is combined with an uplink negative acknowledgment indication.
  • the uplink negative acknowledgment indicates to at least one of the one or more devices that respective uplink data was not received by the device.
  • the device may further include a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the device may further include one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.
  • the device may include memory and processing circuitry configured to identify a beacon frame received from a device on a non-time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to identify a cycle schedule of one or more cycles received in the beacon frame.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to cause to send one or more inputs within a first cycle over a time sensitive network channel.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to identify one or more outputs from the device within a second cycle over the time sensitive network channel.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a communication direction is at least one of an uplink direction, or a downlink direction.
  • the processing circuitry may be further configured to identify a trigger frame at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame indicates a successful reception of the one or more inputs by the device.
  • the cycle schedule indicates one or more cycles associated with transmitting one or more inputs in an uplink direction and one or more cycles associated with receiving one or more outputs in a downlink direction from the device.
  • a non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations.
  • the operations may include identifying a beacon frame received from a device on a non-time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the operations may include identifying a cycle schedule of one or more cycles received in the beacon frame.
  • the operations may include causing to send one or more inputs within a first cycle over a time sensitive network channel.
  • the operations may include identifying one or more outputs from the device within a second cycle over the time sensitive network channel.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a communication direction is at least one of an uplink direction, or a downlink direction.
  • the operations may further comprise identifying a trigger frame at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame indicates a successful reception of the one or more inputs by the device.
  • the cycle schedule indicates one or more cycles associated with transmitting one or more inputs in an uplink direction and one or more cycles associated with receiving one or more outputs in a downlink direction from the device.
  • a non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations.
  • the operations may include determining, by one or more processors, a beacon frame may include at least in part a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the operations may include causing to send the beacon frame to one or more first devices over a non-time sensitive network channel.
  • the operations may include identifying one or more uplink data from at least one of the one or more first devices during one of the one or more cycles.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the operations may further comprise sending at least one trigger frame to at least one of the one or more first devices within each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the operations may further comprise allocating an uplink period may include one or more uplink cycles.
  • the operations may include allocating a downlink period may include one or more downlink cycles.
  • the operations may include causing to include the uplink period allocation and the downlink period allocation within the beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a trigger frame is sent after a predetermined cycle offset at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame acknowledges a previously received link data from at least one of the one or more first devices.
  • the trigger frame is combined with an uplink negative acknowledgment indication.
  • the uplink negative acknowledgment indicates to at least one of the one or more devices that respective uplink data was not received by the device.
  • the method may include determining, by one or more processors, a beacon frame comprising at least in part a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the method may include causing to send the beacon frame to one or more first devices over a non-time sensitive network channel.
  • the method may include identifying one or more uplink data from at least one of the one or more first devices during one of the one or more cycles.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the method may further include sending at least one trigger frame to at least one of the one or more first devices within each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the method may further include allocating an uplink period comprising one or more uplink cycles.
  • the method may include allocating a downlink period comprising one or more downlink cycles.
  • the method may include causing to include the uplink period allocation and the downlink period allocation within the beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame includes at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a trigger frame is sent after a predetermined cycle offset at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame acknowledges a previously received link data from at least one of the one or more first devices.
  • the trigger frame is combined with an uplink negative acknowledgment indication.
  • the uplink negative acknowledgment indicates to at least one of the one or more devices that respective uplink data was not received by the device.
  • the method may include identifying a beacon frame received from a device on a non-time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the method may include identifying a cycle schedule of one or more cycles received in the beacon frame.
  • the method may include causing to send one or more inputs within a first cycle over a time sensitive network channel.
  • the method may include identifying one or more outputs from the device within a second cycle over the time sensitive network channel.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a communication direction is at least one of an uplink direction, or a downlink direction.
  • the method may further include identifying a trigger frame at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame indicates a successful reception of the one or more inputs by the device.
  • the cycle schedule indicates one or more cycles associated with transmitting one or more inputs in an uplink direction and one or more cycles associated with receiving one or more outputs in a downlink direction from the device.
  • a beacon frame may include at least in part a schedule of one or more cycles associated with a time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the apparatus may include means for causing to send the beacon frame to one or more first devices over a non-time sensitive network channel.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying one or more uplink data from at least one of the one or more first devices during one of the one or more cycles.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the apparatus may further include means for sending at least one trigger frame to at least one of the one or more first devices within each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the apparatus may further include means for allocating an uplink period may include one or more uplink cycles.
  • the apparatus may include means for allocating a downlink period may include one or more downlink cycles.
  • the apparatus may include means for causing to include the uplink period allocation and the downlink period allocation within the beacon frame.
  • the beacon frame may include at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a trigger frame is sent after a predetermined cycle offset at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame acknowledges a previously received link data from at least one of the one or more first devices.
  • the trigger frame is combined with an uplink negative acknowledgment indication.
  • the uplink negative acknowledgment indicates to at least one of the one or more devices that respective uplink data was not received by the device.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying a beacon frame received from a device on a non-time sensitive network channel for synchronized transmissions.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying a cycle schedule of one or more cycles received in the beacon frame.
  • the apparatus may include means for causing to send one or more inputs within a first cycle over a time sensitive network channel.
  • the apparatus may include means for identifying one or more outputs from the device within a second cycle over the time sensitive network channel.
  • the implementations may include one or more of the following features.
  • the beacon frame includes at least one of a starting cycle number, a cycle period, or a communication direction.
  • a communication direction is at least one of an uplink direction, or a downlink direction.
  • the apparatus may further include means for identifying a trigger frame at a beginning of each cycle of the one or more cycles.
  • the trigger frame indicates a successful reception of the one or more inputs by the device.
  • the cycle schedule indicates one or more cycles associated with transmitting one or more inputs in an uplink direction and one or more cycles associated with receiving one or more outputs in a downlink direction from the device.
  • These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • the computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.
  • blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.
  • Conditional language such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or “may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des systèmes, des procédés et un appareil liés à un accès déterministe basé sur un déclencheur. Un dispositif peut déterminer une trame de balise comprenant au moins en partie une planification d'un ou de plusieurs cycles associés à un canal de réseau assujetti au temps. Le dispositif peut provoquer l'envoi de la trame de balise à un ou plusieurs premiers dispositifs sur un canal de réseau non assujetti au temps. Le dispositif peut identifier une ou plusieurs données de liaison montante à partir d'au moins l'un du ou des premiers dispositifs pendant l'un des cycles.
PCT/US2017/025386 2017-03-31 2017-03-31 Accès déterministe basé sur un déclencheur dans des réseaux wi-fi de nouvelle génération synchronisés dans le temps WO2018182688A1 (fr)

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US11632810B2 (en) * 2018-02-28 2023-04-18 Nokia Technologies Oy Transparent integration of 3GPP network into TSN based industrial network
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CN112166638B (zh) * 2019-02-14 2024-02-09 捷开通讯(深圳)有限公司 时间敏感型网络支持
WO2021008385A1 (fr) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-21 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de planification de rapport de service de sensibilité à retard temporel et procédé de rapport de service de sensibilité à retard temporel
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CN114270913A (zh) * 2020-01-22 2022-04-01 华为技术有限公司 一种时间敏感网络时间同步方法及装置

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