WO2018176866A1

WO2018176866A1 - Ultrasound bone drill bit and ultrasonic bone knife system using same

Info

Publication number: WO2018176866A1
Application number: PCT/CN2017/112723
Authority: WO
Inventors: 郭毅军; 赵正; 付健; 温兴东; 陈建
Original assignee: 重庆西山科技股份有限公司
Priority date: 2017-03-31
Filing date: 2017-11-23
Publication date: 2018-10-04
Also published as: CN106725721A; CN115363684A

Abstract

An ultrasound bone drill bit and an ultrasonic bone knife system using same. The ultrasound bone drill bit is used for generating holes in bones, and comprises a drill rod (2), a connecting part (1) connected to a proximal end of the drill rod (2), and a working head (3) provided at a proximal end of the drill rod (2). A depth limiting structure for limiting a drilling depth is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the drill rod (2). The distance from the depth limiting structure to the working surface of the working head (3) defines the drilling depth of the ultrasound bone drill bit. An ultrasound bone drill bit having a depth limiting structure at a suitable distance from the working surface can be selected according to a required drilling depth. During working, when the ultrasound bone drill bit proceeds till the depth limiting structure is in contact with the outer surface of a bone tissue, the depth limiting structure stops further proceeding of the ultrasound bone drill bit, so as to avoid that the ultrasound bone drill bit drills through the bone tissue and then goes forward to damage a soft tissue, thereby ensuring the safety of the operation.

Description

Ultrasonic bone drill bit and ultrasonic bone knife system using same

Technical field

The invention belongs to the field of surgical instruments, and in particular relates to an ultrasonic bone drill bit and an ultrasonic bone knife system using the same.

Background technique

In surgery, it is often necessary to drill holes in the bone tissue of a surgical subject, which may be located at different parts of the surgical object. Conventional methods of drilling bone tissue are typically performed by manually or electrically driving a bone bit (eg, a skull bit, a twist drill bit, etc.) to rotate the bone bit into and through the bone tissue to perform drilling. For fast drilling and pre-drilling positioning, the head of a conventional drill bit typically has a sharp edge and a sharp tip. However, under the human bone tissue, there are generally important human soft tissues, such as dura mater, spinal cord, etc., the cutting edge and tip of the traditional drill bit rotating at high speed, and the forward momentum when drilling through the bone tissue may cause these important human soft tissues. damage.

Ultrasonic osteotome is an emerging technology that differs from traditional manual and electric orthopedic surgical instruments that use high-intensity focused ultrasound technology to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy through transducers and then transfer mechanical energy to the drill bit. The drill bit is subjected to high-frequency ultrasonic vibration to break the bone tissue in the area to be drilled, thereby drilling the bone tissue. However, existing ultrasonic bone knives still use drill bits similar to conventional drill bits, so there are also high-speed rotating cutting edges and tips, and the risk of forehead forces when drilling through bone tissue may damage human soft tissue.

Summary of the invention

In view of the deficiencies of the prior art described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide an ultrasonic bone drill bit and an ultrasonic bone knife system using the same to avoid physical damage to soft tissues during surgery, thereby ensuring surgical safety.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an ultrasonic bone drill for creating a hole in a bone, the ultrasonic bone drill comprising: a drill rod extending along a central axis and including a proximal end and a distal end; Connected to the proximal end of the drill rod; a working head disposed at the distal end of the drill rod, having a working surface; wherein a limited deep structure is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the drill rod The depth limiting structure divides the drill pipe into a first portion proximate the distal end of the drill pipe and a second portion proximate the proximal end of the drill pipe, the depth limited structure being adapted to limit drilling Hole depth.

With the above structure, the depth-limiting structure limits the depth of the hole drilled by the ultrasonic bone bit, that is, the distance of the depth-limiting structure relative to the working surface of the working head, and defines the depth of the drilling of the ultrasonic bone drill bit. The ultrasonic bone drill having a suitable depth-depth structure with respect to the working surface of the working head can be selected according to the required drilling depth, for example, the thickness of the bone tissue to be drilled. In operation, longitudinal mechanical vibrations of ultrasonic energy are used to drive the drill bit to drill holes in the bone tissue. When the ultrasonic bone drill travels to it When the depth-limiting structure contacts the outer surface of the bone tissue, the depth-limiting structure will prevent further advancement of the ultrasonic bone drill bit, thereby preventing the ultrasonic bone drill bit from rushing through the bone tissue and injuring the soft tissue, thereby ensuring the safety of the operation.

In one of the embodiments, the working surface of the working head is a plane or a curved surface. Setting the working surface of the working head to a plane or a curved surface, for example, a spherical surface, does not cause physical damage even if the working head comes into contact with soft tissue when vibrating in the longitudinal direction.

In one embodiment, the working head is a cylindrical structure, a spherical structure or a blunt structure with a small front and a large front, and may be a round table, a prismatic or a hemispherical structure with a small front and a large front.

The working head of the drill bit has a blunt structure, does not have the sharp edge or tip of the conventional ultrasonic bone drill bit, and is drilled by longitudinal vibration, without cutting, and does not cause physical damage to the soft tissue, thereby further improving safety. The micro-displacement characteristics of the ultrasonic vibration itself cause the bit to contact the soft tissue for a short time without causing damage to the soft tissue.

In one of the embodiments, the depth-limiting structure has a radial dimension that is greater than a radial dimension of the first portion. The first part is a rod for drilling. Alternatively, the radial dimension of the depth-limiting structure may be greater than the radial dimension of the first portion and the second portion at the same time.

In one of the embodiments, the depth-limiting structure is smoothly transitioned with the first portion and the second portion of the drill rod, respectively. In this way, on the one hand an amplitude amplifying structure can be formed and on the other hand stress concentration can be avoided.

In one of the embodiments, the second portion has a radial dimension that is greater than a radial dimension of the first portion, and the depth-limiting structure is a stepped structure that transitions from the second portion to the first portion.

In one embodiment, the depth-restricting structure is a boss that protrudes radially from an outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe, and the boss is integrally formed with the drill pipe. The boss may be a convex ring continuous in the circumferential direction of the drill pipe, or may include a plurality of protrusions distributed along the circumferential direction.

In one embodiment, the depth-limiting structure is a limiting sleeve that is sleeved on an outer circumferential surface of the drill pipe.

In one embodiment, the depth-limiting structure is movably disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the drill rod along the central axis relative to the drill rod such that the depth-limiting structure is relative to the drill rod The distance of the distal end or the proximal end can be adjusted. Through the position adjustment of the depth-limiting structure, the length of the drilled rod can be adjusted without changing the drill pipe, thereby adjusting the drilling depth to suit different application scenarios.

In one embodiment, the drill pipe is provided with an external thread, and the depth-limiting structure is provided with an internal thread matching the external thread, and the depth-limiting structure is screwed to the drill pipe. The depth-limiting structure adjusts the position relative to the proximal or distal end of the drill rod by rotation on the drill rod, thereby adjusting the length of the drill rod.

In one of the embodiments, the drill pipe is provided with a threaded section. Under the action of ultrasonic vibration to produce longitudinal tensile compression deformation, the thread structure can also produce a circumferential reciprocating rotational motion of the drill bit, the rotation angle is a slight angle, does not damage the soft tissue of the human body; the longitudinal vibration plus the longitudinal reciprocating composite Movement improves the drilling efficiency of the drill bit.

In one embodiment, the drill pipe and the connecting portion are smoothly transitioned, the drill pipe or the connecting portion is provided with a water outlet hole, and the proximal end of the connecting portion is provided with a connecting thread.

In one of the embodiments, the drill rod, the working head and the connecting portion are integrally formed.

In another aspect of the invention, an ultrasonic osteotome system is provided, comprising the ultrasonic bone drill of the above aspect, further comprising a handle, an ultrasonic transducer mounted in the handle, and a horn, the ultrasonic bone The connecting portion of the drill bit is coupled to the horn.

As described above, the present invention has the beneficial effects that the present invention uses longitudinal vibration to perform drilling without cutting, and does not cause physical damage to the soft tissue. The length of the drilled rod in front of the depth-limiting structure defines the drilling depth. According to the drilling depth, the drill bit of the appropriate depth is pre-selected, and the depth-limiting structure avoids the impact of the drilling and the soft tissue, which ensures the safety of the operation.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic bone drill according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a plan view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

3 is a schematic view showing various structures of a working head in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 6;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention.

detailed description

The above described objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the aspects of the appended claims. Numerous specific details are set forth in the description below in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention, and thus the invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.

The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" and the like, as used in the description and claims of the present invention, are used to distinguish different objects, and are not intended to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and "comprising" are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a device that includes a series of components is not limited to the components listed, but optionally includes components that are not listed. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the "proximal" and "distal" as referred to in the specification and claims of the present invention are positional relative to the user or operator, that is, "Proximal" is the end that is close to the user or operator, and the "distal" is away from the user or operator. Close to the subject, such as the end of the surgical site.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, an ultrasonic bone drill bit is provided. The ultrasonic bone bit includes a drill rod 2, a joint 1 and a working head 3 that extend along a central axis 10. The connection 1 is connected to the proximal end of the drill rod 2 and the working head 3 is arranged at the distal end of the drill rod 2. The drill pipe 2, the working head 3 and the connecting portion 1 are of a unitary structure, that is, the drill pipe 2, the working head 3 and the connecting portion 1 are integrally formed. The proximal end of the connecting portion 1 is provided with an internal thread or an external thread for connection with the horn. In the present embodiment, the working head 3 has a blunt structure.

In operation, the drill bit differs from conventional manual and electrically driven ultrasonic bone drill bits in a rotary manner. The drill bit uses ultrasonic energy to drive the drill bit to generate longitudinal vibration (ie, in the direction of the central axis 10 of the drill pipe 2). The bone tissue is broken to drill, and no cutting is performed. The working head 3 of the drill bit has a blunt structure, and has no sharp edge or tip of a common ultrasonic bone bit, and the displacement of the vibration is small, only a few hundred micrometers, and short-term contact with the soft tissue does not cause damage to it. High security. The shape of the borehole is determined according to the outer peripheral shape of the distal end of the drill pipe 2, a cylindrical drill bit is used to drill a cylindrical hole for the bone tissue, or other regular shaped drill bits are used to form other regular shaped holes.

The working head 3 of the blunt structure refers to the working surface of the working head 3 (i.e., the surface facing the side of the surgical site) without a spiked structure. In some embodiments, as shown in (a), (b), and (c) of FIG. 3, the working surface of the working head 3 may be a plane, and the working head 3 is a truncated cone that gradually becomes larger from front to back. Or prismatic structure. In other embodiments, as shown in Figures 3(d) and (e), the working head 3 is tapered and the working surface of the working head 3 is curved to form a blunt structure. The working head 3 may also be a hemispherical structure. The working surface is designed to be a flat surface or a curved surface, for example, a spherical surface. When it is longitudinally vibrated, it does not cause physical damage even if it contacts soft tissue. The working head 3 may be gradually enlarged from front to back, or may be a cylindrical structure of equal diameter.

In order to drill the drill to a defined depth, the stop bit continues to advance, the drill depth is controlled, and the damage of the drill bit against the soft tissue is prevented. A depth-limiting structure for limiting the depth of the drill hole is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe 2. In the present embodiment, the depth-restricting structure is a boss 4 that protrudes radially from the outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe. The boss 4 divides the drill rod 2 into a first portion 21 near the distal end of the drill rod 2 and a second portion near the proximal end of the drill rod 2. The radial dimension of the boss 4 is greater than the radial dimension of the first portion 21 of the drill pipe 2. The distance of the boss 4 relative to the working face of the working head 3, i.e. the length of the first portion 21, defines the depth of the bore of the ultrasonic bone drill. Hereinafter, the first portion is referred to as a drill rod. The length of the drill rod 21 matches the depth to be drilled. The diameter and length of the hole 21 for drilling can be variously specified according to actual needs. In the present embodiment, the boss 4 is fixed to the drill pipe 2, and the boss 4 may be a convex ring continuous in the circumferential direction of the drill pipe 2 or a plurality of projections distributed in the circumferential direction.

In this embodiment, the depth limit of each ultrasonic bone drill bit is fixed and unadjustable. Select the drill bit of the appropriate depth according to the need to avoid drilling and hurting the soft tissue. In other implementations, the depth-limiting structure can be moved relative to the drill rod along the central axis The outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe is disposed such that the distance of the depth-limiting structure relative to the distal end or the proximal end of the drill pipe is adjustable. For example, the depth limited structure may be a limit sleeve that is sleeved on the drill pipe 2.

In this embodiment, the bosses 4 are smoothly transitioned between the first portion and the second portion of the drill pipe 2, and the arc between the drill pipe 2 and the connecting portion 1 is slid. In this way, on the one hand an amplitude amplifying structure can be formed and on the other hand stress concentration can be avoided. Furthermore, the drill pipe 2 or the connecting portion 1 is provided with a water outlet hole 5 for cooling the drill pipe 2.

Example 2

As shown in FIG. 4, the ultrasonic bone drill of the present embodiment is similar to the ultrasonic bone drill of the embodiment 1, except that a portion of the drill rod 2 is provided with a spiral structure or a threaded structure to form a threaded section 22. The ultrasonic bone drill bit of the embodiment can produce a circumferential reciprocating rotational motion of the ultrasonic bone drill bit under the action of the longitudinal vibration compression deformation of the ultrasonic vibration, and the rotation angle is a slight angle without damaging the soft tissue of the human body. The longitudinal vibration plus the longitudinal reciprocating composite motion improves the drilling efficiency of the drill bit.

Example 3

As shown in Fig. 5, the ultrasonic bone drill of the present embodiment is similar to the ultrasonic bone drill of the second embodiment, except that the radial dimension (e.g., diameter) of the first portion of the drill pipe 2 (the hole 21 for drilling) is Less than the radial dimension of the second portion, the depth-limiting structure is a stepped structure that transitions from the first portion of the drill rod 2 to the second portion of the drill rod 2. The step structure is a smooth transition. As in Embodiment 2, the drill pipe 2 of the ultrasonic bone drill of the present embodiment also has a threaded section 22. Under the action of ultrasonic vibration to produce longitudinal tensile compression deformation, the thread segment 22 can also make the drill bit produce a reciprocating rotational motion in a circumferential direction, the rotation angle is a slight angle, does not damage the soft tissue of the human body; the longitudinal vibration plus the longitudinal reciprocating composite Movement improves the drilling efficiency of the drill bit.

Example 4

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the ultrasonic bone drill of the present embodiment is similar to the ultrasonic bone drill of Embodiment 1, except that the depth-limiting structure is movably disposed on the outer circumference of the drill pipe 2 along the central axis relative to the drill pipe 2. On the face, it can be placed on the drill pipe 2 in a longitudinally movable manner. Thus, the position of the depth-limiting structure provided on the drill pipe 2 is adjustable, so that the hole-receiving rod portion 21 is adjusted by longitudinally moving the depth-limiting structure on the drill pipe 2 without replacing the drill pipe 2. Length, the drilling depth can be adjusted to suit the needs of different drilling depths.

In this embodiment, the drill pipe 2 is provided with a threaded section 22, and the threaded section 22 is formed with an external thread. The depth-limiting structure is a limit sleeve 6, and the limit sleeve 6 is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread, and the limit sleeve 6 is screwed to the threaded section 22 of the drill pipe 2. By rotating the limiting sleeve 6, the limiting sleeve 6 can be longitudinally moved in the threaded section 22 to adjust the position of the limiting sleeve 6 relative to the drill rod 2, in particular the distal end of the drill rod 2, thereby adjusting the drilling rod portion 21 The length is such that the drill bit of the same radial length is adapted to drill holes of different depths. The threaded section 22 is used on the one hand for mounting the limiting sleeve 6, so that the limiting sleeve 6 can be moved longitudinally, and on the other hand, under the action of ultrasonic vibration to produce longitudinal tensile compression deformation, the spiral section 22 can also cause the drill bit to produce a circumferential direction. Reciprocating rotary motion The angle of rotation is a slight angle and does not harm the soft tissue of the human body. The longitudinal vibration plus the longitudinal reciprocating composite motion improves the drilling efficiency of the drill bit. The limit sleeve 6 can be made of a lightweight material such as ABS plastic, thereby effectively reducing the loss of ultrasonic energy transfer.

Example 5

As shown in Figure 8, an ultrasonic bone knife system is provided. The ultrasonic osteotome system includes the ultrasonic bone drill of any one of embodiments 1 to 4. The ultrasonic osteotome system further includes a handle 9, and an ultrasonic transducer 7 and a horn 8 mounted within the handle 9. The connection 1 of the ultrasonic bone drill is connected to the horn 8. The ultrasonic transducer 7 is adapted to convert the input electrical energy into mechanical energy (i.e., ultrasonic waves) and then transfer the mechanical energy to the horn 8. The horn 8 receives the ultrasonic waves transmitted by the ultrasonic transducer 7, is adapted to change the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration, and transmits the ultrasonic waves whose amplitude of the vibration is changed to the ultrasonic bone drill. The ultrasonic bone drill bit and the horn 8 form a multi-stage amplitude amplifying structure.

The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that a number of variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

An ultrasonic bone drill for creating a hole in a bone, the ultrasonic bone bit comprising:

a drill rod extending along a central axis and including a proximal end and a distal end;

a connection portion coupled to the proximal end of the drill rod;

a working head disposed at the distal end of the drill rod and having a working surface;

Wherein a limited deep structure is disposed on an outer circumferential surface of the drill pipe, the depth limiting structure dividing the drill pipe into a first portion adjacent to the distal end of the drill pipe, and a portion adjacent to the drill pipe In the second portion of the proximal end, the depth-limiting structure is adapted to limit the depth of the borehole.
The ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 1, wherein the working surface of the working head is a flat surface or a curved surface.
The ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 2, wherein the working surface of the working head is a spherical surface.
The ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 1, wherein the working head is a cylindrical structure, a spherical structure or a blunt structure with a small front and a large front.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit of claim 1 wherein said depth limited structure has a radial dimension greater than a radial dimension of said first portion.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit of claim 1 wherein said radially defined structure has a radial dimension that is greater than a radial dimension of said first portion and said second portion.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit of claim 6 wherein said depth limiting structure is smoothly transitioned between said first portion and said second portion of said drill rod, respectively.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit of claim 1 wherein said second portion has a radial dimension greater than a radial dimension of said first portion, said depth limiting structure transitioning from said second portion to said The step structure of the first part.
The ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 1, wherein the depth-restricting structure is a boss projecting radially from an outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe, and the boss is integrally formed with the drill pipe.
The bone drill ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 9, wherein the boss is a circumferentially continuous convex ring along the drill pipe.
The bone drill ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 9, wherein the boss comprises a plurality of projections spaced apart in the circumferential direction.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the depth limiting structure is a limiting sleeve that is sleeved on an outer circumferential surface of the drill pipe.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the depth-limiting structure is movably disposed on an outer peripheral surface of the drill pipe along the central axis relative to the drill pipe, such that the depth-limiting structure The distance relative to the distal end or the proximal end of the drill rod can be adjusted.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 13, wherein the drill pipe is provided with an external thread, and the depth-limiting structure is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread, and the depth-limiting structure is screwed to The drill pipe.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the drill pipe is provided with a threaded section.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the drill pipe or the connecting portion is provided with a water outlet hole.
The ultrasonic bone drill bit according to claim 1, wherein the drill pipe and the connecting portion are smoothly transitioned.
The ultrasonic bone drill according to claim 1, wherein the drill rod, the working head and the connecting portion are integrally formed.
An ultrasonic osteotome system comprising the ultrasonic bone drill according to any one of claims 1 to 18, further comprising a handle, an ultrasonic transducer mounted in the handle, and a horn, the ultrasonic bone drill The connecting portion is connected to the horn.