WO2018171202A1 - 一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置 Download PDF

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WO2018171202A1
WO2018171202A1 PCT/CN2017/108900 CN2017108900W WO2018171202A1 WO 2018171202 A1 WO2018171202 A1 WO 2018171202A1 CN 2017108900 W CN2017108900 W CN 2017108900W WO 2018171202 A1 WO2018171202 A1 WO 2018171202A1
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blood vessel
value
target blood
ordinate
target
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PCT/CN2017/108900
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English (en)
French (fr)
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王燕青
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王燕青
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403Needle locating or guiding means
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3494Trocars; Puncturing needles with safety means for protection against accidental cutting or pricking, e.g. limiting insertion depth, pressure sensors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3403Needle locating or guiding means
    • A61B2017/3413Needle locating or guiding means guided by ultrasound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of medical B-ultrasound image processing, in particular to an automatic positioning method and device for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel.
  • PICC Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
  • the puncture method there are mainly the traditional blind-piercing method and the ultrasound-guided puncture method.
  • the success rate of blind wear of the nurse is very low, and the new nurse needs After a long period of clinical work practice to accumulate blind wear experience, the patient will cause pain in the process of experience accumulation, and also greatly increase the training time and labor cost of the nurse.
  • the latter ultrasound-guided puncture method can provide a comprehensive and intuitive assessment of the blood vessels, observe the blood vessel bifurcation of the upper arm, and directly select the puncture point while directly measuring the depth of the target vein and the diameter of the blood vessel through the B-ultrasound. , expand the feasible puncture point from the elbow joint to the upper arm.
  • the B-ultrasound can only provide the position depth information of the image, and can not directly reflect the puncture depth of the indwelling needle and the route of the needle during the puncture, thereby causing difficulties in clinical puncture.
  • an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide an automatic positioning method and device for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel, which can automatically locate a puncture position of the puncture mechanism in a target blood vessel, and has high positioning accuracy.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic positioning method for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel, including:
  • the range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel and the depth value of the target blood vessel are determined according to the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the abscissa value set according to the target blood vessel and the first set step size in the ordinate direction, Traversing the pixels of the image data in the setting window, and acquiring image features of the target blood vessel in the image data, including:
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the coarse detection of the target blood vessel is determined according to an image feature of the target blood vessel Central location, including:
  • the first setting condition is: all black pixel ratios in the connected region are greater than a second set threshold and the connected region
  • the width is greater than a set width threshold
  • the connected area includes at least the following feature information: start position information, end position information, center position information, and peak position information;
  • the connected region structure array searching for a peak center that first appears and satisfies a second setting condition;
  • the second setting condition is that a position of the peak center is lower than a position of the first set body mark and The peak center is preceded by at least one peak center;
  • the first set position mark is used to define at least two of the connected areas before defining the peak center;
  • a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel is determined according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the determined ordinate value.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the black pixel scale curve is searched for connectivity that satisfies the first set condition Areas, including:
  • Determining whether a distance between the starting position and the ending position is greater than a set width threshold if yes, determining that the starting position to the ending position is a connected area, and recording a center position and a peak position of the connected area ;
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the location of the second set posture mark is included before the peak center Select the target connected area in the connected area, including:
  • the connected area closest to the second set body position mark is determined as the target connected area or the first connected area is determined as the target connected area.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the abscissa determined by the abscissa value according to the coarse detection center position is Searching the point, searching for the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls in the ordinate value of the coarse detection center position, including:
  • the minimum ordinate value is selected from the recording results in the bidirectional ordinate direction as the ordinate value of the lower vessel wall of the target blood vessel.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, wherein the target blood vessel is determined according to the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search Puncture point
  • the scope includes:
  • the second set body position mark includes: a distance from the skin surface to the center point Correspondence with coordinate points in the image coordinate system.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides an automatic positioning device for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel, comprising:
  • An acquisition module configured to acquire image data of a target blood vessel, where the image data includes an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel in an image coordinate system;
  • An image feature acquisition module configured to traverse the pixels of the image data in the setting window according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the first set step size in the ordinate direction, and acquire the image data Image characteristics of the target blood vessel;
  • a coarse detection module configured to determine a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to an image feature of the target blood vessel
  • a search module configured to search for an abscissa determined by an abscissa value according to the coarse detection center position, and search for an ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls in an ordinate value of the coarse detection center position;
  • a determining module configured to determine a range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel and a depth value of the target blood vessel according to the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, wherein the image feature acquiring module includes:
  • a first traversing unit configured to traverse the image data in the setting window according to the first coordinate step of the target blood vessel setting and the set horizontal coordinate value in the ordinate direction Pixel
  • a statistical unit configured to count a ratio of black pixels in the setting window to a ratio of pixels in the setting window, and a black pixel scale curve recorded by a two-dimensional structure array; one dimension record of the two-dimensional structure array The position of the black pixel scale curve, and the other dimension records the data value of the black pixel scale curve.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides the second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, where the coarse detection module includes:
  • a first searching unit configured to search, in the black pixel scale curve, a connected region that satisfies a first setting condition;
  • the first setting condition is: a ratio of all black pixels in the connected region is greater than a second setting a threshold value and a width of the connected area is greater than a set width threshold;
  • the connected area includes at least characteristic information: start position information, end position information, center position information, and peak position information;
  • a recording unit configured to record and store the obtained feature information of the connected area in a structure array manner
  • a second searching unit configured to search for a peak center that first appears and meets a second setting condition in the connected area structure array;
  • the second setting condition is: the position of the peak center is lower than the first setting Positioning the body position mark and including at least one peak center before the center of the peak; the position of the first set body mark is used to define at least two of the communication areas before defining the peak center;
  • a selecting unit configured to select a target connected area from a connected area included before the peak center according to a second set position of the body position mark, and use a peak value corresponding to the target connected area as an ordinate of the target blood vessel value;
  • a first determining unit configured to determine a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the determined ordinate value.
  • the method and device for automatically positioning an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel include: collecting image data of a target blood vessel, wherein the image data includes an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel in an image coordinate system; The abscissa value of the target blood vessel setting and its first set step size in the ordinate direction, traversing the image data in the setting window a pixel, acquiring an image feature of the target blood vessel in the image data; determining a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to the image feature of the target blood vessel; and determining an abscissa based on the abscissa of the coarse detection center position as a search point, in the coarse detection center Searching the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls in the ordinate value of the position; determining the range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel and the depth value of the target blood vessel according to the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search, and the B-mode machine
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing an automatic positioning method of an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the left and right diagrams of FIG. 2 respectively show a 600 ⁇ 450 ultrasound image collected by an embodiment of the present invention and a schematic location of the selected region of interest;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing another method for automatically positioning an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a ratio of R(y)-Y of black pixels in a window having a width of 36 on a vertical line of the abscissa of the blood vessel;
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing another method for automatically positioning an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flow chart showing another method for automatically positioning an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing another method for automatically positioning an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing an effect of detecting and positioning a target blood vessel obtained by an automatic positioning method of an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a video capture card and a color ultrasound machine used by using an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural view of an automatic positioning device for indwelling a needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of an image feature acquisition module in an automatic positioning device for indwelling a needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural view of a coarse detecting module in an automatic positioning device for indwelling a needle in a puncture venous blood vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Icon 10, acquisition module; 20, image feature acquisition module; 30, coarse detection module; 40, search module; 50, determination module; 201, first traversal unit; 202, statistical unit; 301, first search unit; a recording unit; 303, a second searching unit; 304, a selecting unit; 305, a first determining unit.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an automatic positioning method and device for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel, which will be described below by way of embodiments.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide an automatic positioning method for an indwelling needle in a puncture venous blood vessel, and the method may be performed by an image processor. Referring to FIG. 1, the method includes:
  • the indwelling needle punctures the venous blood vessels, and the nurse first collects the ultrasonic image of the target blood vessel through the B-ultrasound, and then the B-ultrasound displays the ultrasonic image.
  • the image processor requests the B-ultrasound to acquire the acquired ultrasonic image, and the ultrasound acquired by the B-ultrasound machine The image is sent to the image processor; secondly, the image processor is connected to an image capture card, and the ultrasonic image displayed by the B-ultrasound is directly collected by the image acquisition.
  • the image processor acquires the ultrasound image, selects the region of interest on the ultrasound image according to the interception instruction sent by the user or according to the pre-stored interception instruction, and obtains image data of the target blood vessel; the region of interest is a possible region of the blood vessel.
  • the left and right diagrams of FIG. 2 respectively correspond to the 600 ⁇ 450 ultrasound images collected by the embodiment of the present invention and the schematic locations of the selected regions of interest.
  • the image processor uses the point of the upper left corner of the image data as the origin, the horizontal direction to the right as the positive direction, and the vertical direction to the positive direction to establish the image coordinate system, wherein The direction indicates the length direction of the target blood vessel, and the vertical direction indicates the depth direction of the target blood vessel.
  • the nurse manually selects the abscissa where the target blood vessel is located, and the specific selection method is: on the intercepted image of interest, the operator needs to select the abscissa of the target blood vessel according to the previous vascular experience. .
  • the operator needs to click on the vertical axis of the horizontal axis of the target blood vessel on the background PC through the mouse click event, and the PC obtains the abscissa X where the target blood vessel is located.
  • the pixels in the image data are traversed according to the vertical coordinate direction of the ordinate and the setting window of the 36 ⁇ 36 size according to the set ordinate step, and each window is counted.
  • the ratio of the inner black pixel to the current window pixel ie, the current rectangular block pixel
  • R(y)-Y is a proportional curve, which is denoted as R(y)-Y.
  • a high-proportion connection region ie, a connected region
  • a connected domain structure array PeakArea_A [g_areaNo_A].
  • g_areaNo_A indicates the number of high connected domains obtained, and the structure array PeakArea_A records the position information of the start point, end point, center, and peak of each connected region.
  • the abscissa determined according to the abscissa value of the coarse detection center position is a search point, and the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls is searched for in the ordinate value of the coarse detection center position.
  • the abscissa search point includes two cases: first, only the abscissa of the coarse detection center position; second, the abscissa including the coarse detection center position and the plurality of abscissas according to the coarse detection center position and the second Set the step size (ie The other abscissa determined by the preset abscissa setting step size).
  • S105 Determine a range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel and a depth value of the target blood vessel according to the ordinate value of the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls.
  • the center point of the target blood vessel is determined according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the longitudinal coordinate value of the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls; and the longitudinal coordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls is determined according to the center point and the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls.
  • a range in which the puncture point is located; determining a depth value of the target blood vessel according to the second set body position mark, the center point, and the ordinate value of the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls; the second set body position mark includes: a skin surface The correspondence between the distance to the center point and the coordinate point in the image coordinate system.
  • the automatic positioning method of the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel provided by the embodiment of the invention can only provide the position depth information of the image in the prior art, and cannot directly reflect the puncture depth of the indwelling needle when puncture and Compared with the difficulty in clinical puncture, the high-speed automatic positioning of the puncture position of the puncture mechanism in the target blood vessel reduces the labor training cost of the hospital and avoids the risk of manual puncture needle sticking.
  • step 101 traversing the pixels of the image data in the setting window according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the first set step size in the ordinate direction, acquiring the Image features of the target blood vessel in the image data, including:
  • S1021 traverse the pixels of the image data in the setting window according to the first set step of the set value of the abscissa set by the target blood vessel and the set abscissa value in the ordinate direction;
  • the first coordinate value Y 1 of the target blood vessel is determined according to the first set step size Y 1 with the abscissa value X set by the target blood vessel as a fixed value, with (X, Y 1 ) as the center point.
  • the setting window such as 36 ⁇ 36
  • the pixel traversal is recorded as the traversal of the first window;
  • the second ordinate value Y 1 +Y 1 of the target blood vessel is determined according to the first set step size Y 1 (X, Y 1 + Y 1 ) is a pixel traversal in the setting window of the center point, recorded as the traversal of the first window, and the traversal method is repeated until the completion of covering the N pixels of all the pixels in the image data Traversing.
  • the proportion of the black pixel in each window whose pixel value is smaller than the first set threshold is the ratio of the current window pixel, and a proportional curve is obtained, which is denoted as R(y)-Y.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the ratio R(y)-Y of the black pixels in the window having a width of 36 on the vertical line of the abscissa of the blood vessel.
  • step 103 determining a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to an image feature of the target blood vessel, including:
  • S1031 searching, in the black pixel ratio curve, a connected region that satisfies a first setting condition;
  • the first setting condition is: a ratio of all black pixels in the connected region is greater than a second set threshold and the connecting
  • the width of the area is greater than a set width threshold;
  • the connected area includes at least the following feature information: start position information, end position information, center position information, and peak position information.
  • Determining whether a distance between the starting position and the ending position is greater than a set width threshold if yes, determining that the starting position to the ending position is a connected area, and recording a center position and a peak position of the connected area ;
  • the steps of the above finding and judging are repeatedly performed until the traversal of the pixel values in the two-dimensional structure array is completed, and a plurality of connected regions are obtained.
  • S1032 The obtained feature information of the connected area is recorded and stored in a structure array manner.
  • the connected region structure array may be represented as PeakArea_A[g_areaNo_A], g_areaNo_A indicates the number of connected regions obtained, and the structure array PeakArea_A records the start position, end position, center position, and peak position of each connected region.
  • the second setting condition is: a position of the peak center is lower than a position of the first set body mark And including at least one peak center before the center of the peak; the position of the first set body mark is used to define at least two of the connected areas before defining the center of the peak.
  • the depth of the upper arm of the normal human body is between 0.5 and 2.0 cm, and most of it is around 1 cm.
  • Bud's B-ultrasound for PICC puncture performed image sizing for puncture, ie in the source image (225, 179), (225, 258), (225, 337), (225, 416)
  • the fluorescent green mark is carried out at five places, that is, the set body position mark is preset in the B-supercomputer.
  • the first set body position mark and the second set body position mark are mark points in the puncture guide line in the B supercomputer, and there may be multiple mark points, and each mark point represents the current position of the mark from the skin.
  • the depth value of the surface is the depth value of the surface.
  • S1034 Select a target connected area from a connected area included before the peak center according to a position of the second set body position mark, and use a peak value corresponding to the target connected area as an ordinate value of the target blood vessel.
  • the method for selecting a target connected area includes: acquiring a first connected area and a second connected area before the peak center; respectively calculating an end position of the first connected area and a starting position of the second connected area And a distance from the position of the second set body position mark; determining, according to the distance calculation result, the connected area closest to the second set body position mark as the target communication area or determining the first connected area as the target connected area.
  • the position of the second set body position mark (the position is the most common position of the blood vessel, that is, the green dot position at 1 cm)
  • the first connected area is the target connected area.
  • the peak position of the target connected region is taken as the coarse detection position DetectY of the target blood vessel center.
  • step 104 the abscissa determined according to the abscissa value of the coarse detection center position is a search point, and the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls is searched for in the ordinate value of the coarse detection center position.
  • S1041 Search for an abscissa based on the abscissa value of the coarse detection center position and the second set step size.
  • the determined horizontal coordinate search point includes only the horizontal coordinate value of the coarse detection center position.
  • the cross section of the target blood vessel of the preset length is not a regular elliptical shape.
  • the second set step size is greater than 0.
  • the determined abscissa is determined.
  • the search point includes both the abscissa value of the position of the coarse detection center, and other abscissa values determined according to the second set step size greater than 0 and the abscissa value of the coarse detection center position; if the second set step is 5
  • the abscissa search points include X-5, X, and X+5.
  • the determined abscissa search point is a starting point
  • the ordinate value of the traversing the coarse detection center position corresponds to a pixel value
  • a pixel value greater than a third set threshold value is detected in the bidirectional ordinate direction
  • the blood vessel radius and the center of the circle are accurately detected by using the abscissa search point including X-5, X, and X+5 as an example; the coarse detection position DetectY is in the target blood vessel.
  • the known image points are centered on (X-5, DetectY), (X, DetectY), (X+5, DetectY), and traverse the ordinate values of the coarse detection center position in the upper and lower directions respectively.
  • the pixel value when a pixel whose pixel value is greater than the third set threshold is encountered, the direction stops searching and records the ordinate value of the searched pixel value.
  • S1043 Select a maximum ordinate value in the upward ordinate direction recording result as the ordinate value of the upper vessel wall of the target blood vessel.
  • the maximum value is taken among the three ordinate values searched in the upward ordinate direction to obtain RadiusStart as the upper blood vessel wall position of the target blood vessel.
  • S1044 Select a minimum ordinate value in the bidirectional ordinate direction recording result as the ordinate value of the lower vessel wall of the target blood vessel.
  • the minimum value is taken from the three ordinate values searched in the vertical ordinate direction to obtain RadiusEnd as the lower blood vessel wall position of the target blood vessel.
  • step 105 determining the range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel according to the ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search, further includes:
  • S1051 Determine a center point of the target blood vessel according to an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and an ordinate value of the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls.
  • the ordinate value of the center point of the target blood vessel is (RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2, and the center point of the target blood vessel is (X, (RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2).
  • S1052 Determine a range of the puncture point by using the center point as a center and the difference between the ordinate values of the upper and lower blood vessel walls as a radius.
  • the range of the puncture point is determined by taking (X, (RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2) as the center and (RadiusEnd-RadiusStart)/2 as the radius.
  • S1053 Determine a depth value of the target blood vessel according to a center point of the target blood vessel, an ordinate value of the upper blood vessel wall, and a second set body position mark; the second set body position mark includes: a skin surface to a center point The correspondence between the distance and the coordinate points in the image coordinate system.
  • the measured data (including the center point of the target blood vessel, the radius centered on the center point (RadiusEnd-RadiusStart)/2 and the depth value of the target blood vessel) are marked on the original image, where the vertical line is transmitted to the background PC by the operator through a mouse click event.
  • Fig. 8 is a view showing the effect of the target blood vessel detecting and positioning.
  • the automatic positioning method of the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel provided by the embodiment of the invention can only provide the position depth information of the image in the prior art, and cannot directly reflect the puncture depth of the indwelling needle during the puncture. Compared with the problem of the needle walking route, which makes the clinical puncture difficult, it can accurately position the puncture position of the puncture mechanism in the target blood vessel with high precision, reduce the labor training cost of the hospital, and avoid the risk of artificial puncture needle puncture. .
  • the automatic positioning method of the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel selects the USB interface image acquisition card of the MV-2000 model of the Vision Image, Bard Company. SonoTouch80 color ultrasound.
  • the acquisition card and color ultrasound machine are shown in Figure 9.
  • the test hardware condition is Intel Core(TM) 2Quad Q9550 2.83GHz CPU, 4G memory PC; software environment is Visual Studio 2013, OpenCV3.0.
  • the resolution of the captured video is 600 ⁇ 450, and the average time for the program to process one frame of image is about 27ms, which can meet the real-time detection requirements.
  • the number of unprocessed in the table is 64, which means that when the image is delivered, the nurse mishandles, there is no target blood vessel in the transmitted picture, and it is not included in the algorithm processing object. Misidentification refers to a failure in vessel positioning or a large deviation in vessel depth measurement.
  • the probe angle and position are adjusted in time for error recognition, a new picture transmission can be performed, the error can be corrected, and the correct blood vessel identification and positioning can be performed.
  • the experimental results show that the algorithm performs well under different vascular scenarios. This study overcomes the disadvantages of uneven imaging and non-uniformity of medical image imaging. At the same time, the time and computational complexity are low, which can meet the requirements of real-time and accuracy.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides an automatic positioning device for the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel, wherein the device is used for performing the automatic positioning method of the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel.
  • the device comprises:
  • the acquisition module 10 is configured to collect image data of a target blood vessel, where the image data includes an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel in an image coordinate system;
  • the image feature acquisition module 20 is configured to traverse the pixels of the image data in the setting window according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the first set step size in the ordinate direction, and acquire the image. Image characteristics of the target vessel in the data;
  • the coarse detection module 30 is configured to determine a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to an image feature of the target blood vessel;
  • a search module 40 configured to search for an abscissa determined by an abscissa value according to the coarse detection center position, and search for an ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls in an ordinate value of the coarse detection center position;
  • the determining module 50 is configured to determine a range of the puncture point of the target blood vessel and a depth value of the target blood vessel according to the ordinate value of the searched upper and lower blood vessel walls.
  • the image feature acquiring module 20 includes:
  • a first traversing unit 201 configured to traverse the image data in a setting window according to an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and a first set step size of the set abscissa value in a ordinate direction Pixel
  • the statistic unit 202 is configured to calculate a ratio of black pixels in the setting window to pixels in the setting window,
  • the black pixel scale curve recorded by the two-dimensional structure array is recorded; one dimension of the two-dimensional structure array records the position of the black pixel scale curve, and the other dimension records the data value of the black pixel scale curve.
  • the coarse detecting module 30 includes:
  • a first searching unit 301 configured to search, in the black pixel scale curve, a connected area that satisfies a first setting condition;
  • the first setting condition is: a ratio of all black pixels in the connected area is greater than a second setting Determining a threshold and a width of the connected area is greater than a set width threshold;
  • the connected area includes at least characteristic information: start position information, end position information, center position information, and peak position information;
  • the recording unit 302 is configured to record and store the obtained feature information of the connected area in a structure array manner
  • a second searching unit 303 configured to search for a peak center that first appears and meets a second setting condition in the connected area structure array;
  • the second setting condition is: the position of the peak center is lower than the first Setting a position of the body mark and including at least one peak center before the center of the peak; the position of the first set body mark is for including at least two of the connected areas before defining the center of the peak;
  • the selecting unit 304 is configured to select a target connected area from the connected area included before the peak center according to the position of the second set body position mark, and use a peak value corresponding to the target connected area as the longitudinal direction of the target blood vessel Coordinate value
  • the first determining unit 305 is configured to determine a coarse detection center position of the target blood vessel according to the abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and the determined ordinate value.
  • the first searching unit 301 is specifically configured to search for a larger than two-dimensional structure array from the black pixel ratio curve. And setting a pixel value of the threshold; when the first pixel value greater than the second set threshold is first found, the position of the first pixel value is recorded as a starting position until the first time that the second set threshold is less than When the value is two pixels, the position of the second pixel is recorded as the end position;
  • Determining whether a distance between the starting position and the ending position is greater than a set width threshold if yes, determining that the starting position to the ending position is a connected area, and recording a center position and a peak position of the connected area ;
  • the selecting unit 304 includes:
  • Obtaining a subunit configured to acquire a first connected area and a second connected area before the peak center;
  • a distance calculation unit for respectively calculating an end position of the first connected area and a distance between a start position of the second connected area and a position of the second set body mark
  • the determining subunit is configured to determine, according to the distance calculation result, that the connected area closest to the second set body position mark is the target connected area or determine that the first connected area is the target connected area.
  • the search module 40 includes:
  • a second determining unit configured to determine an abscissa search point according to the abscissa value of the coarse detection center position and the second set step size
  • a second traversing unit configured to determine the abscissa search point as a starting point, traversing the ordinate value of the coarse detecting center position corresponding to a pixel value, when detecting a greater than a third set threshold in the bidirectional ordinate direction The pixel value, and record the ordinate value corresponding to the pixel value;
  • a first selecting unit configured to select a maximum ordinate value in the recording result in the upward ordinate direction as the ordinate value of the upper vessel wall of the target blood vessel
  • the second selecting unit is configured to select a minimum ordinate value in the bidirectional ordinate direction recording result as the ordinate value of the lower blood vessel wall of the target blood vessel.
  • the determining module 50 includes:
  • a third determining unit configured to determine a center point of the target blood vessel according to an abscissa value set by the target blood vessel and an ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls of the search;
  • a fourth determining unit configured to determine a range of the puncture point by using the center point as a center and a difference between an ordinate value of the upper and lower blood vessel walls as a radius;
  • a fifth determining unit configured to determine a depth value of the target blood vessel according to a center point of the target blood vessel, an ordinate value of the upper blood vessel wall, and a second set body position mark; the second set body position mark includes: The correspondence between the distance from the skin surface to the center point and the coordinate points in the image coordinate system.
  • the automatic positioning device for the indwelling needle in the puncture venous blood vessel provided by the embodiment of the present invention can only provide the position depth information of the image in the prior art B-supercomputer, and cannot directly reflect the puncture depth of the indwelling needle during puncture. Compared with the problem of the needle walking route, which makes the clinical puncture difficult, it can accurately position the puncture position of the puncture mechanism in the target blood vessel with high precision, reduce the labor training cost of the hospital, and avoid the risk of artificial puncture needle puncture. .
  • the automatic positioning device for the indwelling needle provided in the embodiment of the present invention can be specific hardware on the device or software or firmware installed on the device.
  • the implementation principle and the technical effects of the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention are the same as those of the foregoing method embodiments.
  • the device embodiment is not mentioned, reference may be made to the corresponding content in the foregoing method embodiments.
  • a person skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working processes of the foregoing system, the device and the unit can refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and details are not described herein again.
  • the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some communication interface, device or unit, and may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
  • each functional unit in the embodiment provided by the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present invention which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like. .

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Abstract

一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置,包括:采集目标血管的图像数据,图像数据中包含目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;根据设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取图像数据中目标血管的图像特征;根据目标血管的图像特征,确定目标血管的粗检测中心位置;以根据粗检测中心位置的横坐标确定的横坐标为搜索点,在粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的穿刺点所在范围和目标血管的深度值;其能够高精度的自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,降低了医院的人力培训成本,同时避免了人工穿刺针扎伤风险。

Description

一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年03月23日提交中国专利局的申请号为CN201710178342.6、名称为“一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及医学B超图像处理技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置。
背景技术
PICC(Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter,经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管)为需要长期静脉输入刺激性或者高浓度的药物的患者提供一个安全有效的给药途径,此途径能够有效减少反复静脉穿刺,同时降低了静脉炎的发生率,能够长期留置。
在穿刺方法中,主要有传统的盲穿法和超声引导下的穿刺法,前者在急救的状态下,对于急救状态和血管条件差的患者,护士盲穿的成功率很低,而新护士需要经过漫长的临床工作实践积累盲穿经验,在经验积累的过程中会给患者造成痛苦,同时也大大增加了护士的培训时间和人力成本。后者的超声引导下的穿刺法,可以对血管有全面直观的评估,观察上臂的血管分叉,在通过B超机对目标静脉的深度与血管直径直接测量的同时,也可以动态选择穿刺点,将可行穿刺点从肘关节扩大到上臂。
但是,B超机仅可以提供图像的位置深度信息,不能直观的反映穿刺时,留置针的穿刺深度和走针路线,从而造成临床上穿刺困难等难题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置,能够自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,定位精度较高。
第一方面,本发明实施例提供了一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,包括:
采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;
根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征;
根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置;
以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;
根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
结合第一方面,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式,其中,根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征,包括:
根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;其中,所述黑色像素为像素值低于第一设定阈值的像素;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式,其中,根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置,包括:
在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息;
将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存;
在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置用于限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域;
根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值;
根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第三种可能的实施方式,其中,在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域,包括:
从记录所述黑色像素比例曲线的二维结构体数组中查找大于第二设定阈值的像素值;当首次查找到大于第二设定阈值的第一像素值时,记录所述第一像素值的位置作为起点位置,直至首次查找到小于第二设定阈值的第二像素值时,记录所述第二像素点的位置作为终点位置;
判断所述起点位置和所述终点位置之间的距离是否大于设定宽度阈值;若是,确定所述起点位置到所述终点位置为一个连通区域,并记录所述连通区域的中心位置和波峰位置;
重复执行上述查找和判断的步骤,直至完成对所述二维结构体数组中像素值的遍历。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第四种可能的实施方式,其中,根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,包括:
获取所述波峰中心之前的第一个连通区域和第二连通区域;
分别计算所述第一个连通区域的终点位置和第二个连通区域的起点位置与第二设定体位标记的位置的距离;
根据距离计算结果,确定距离所述第二设定体位标记最近的连通区域为目标连通区域或者确定第一个连通区域为目标连通区域。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第五种可能的实施方式,其中,以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值,包括:
根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值以及第二设定步长,确定的横坐标搜索点;
以确定的所述横坐标搜索点为起始点,遍历所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值对应像素值,当在双向纵坐标方向中检测到大于第三设定阈值的像素值,并记录该像素值对应的纵坐标值;
在向上的纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最大纵坐标值,作为目标血管的上血管壁的纵坐标值;
在双向纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最小纵坐标值,作为目标血管的下血管壁的纵坐标值。
结合第一方面的第五种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第一方面的第六种可能的实施方式,其中,根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在 的范围,包括:
根据目标血管设定的横坐标值和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的中心点;
以所述中心点为圆心,以所述上下血管壁的纵坐标值之差为半径,确定所述穿刺点所在的范围;
根据所述目标血管的中心点、所述上血管壁的纵坐标值以及第二设定体位标记,确定目标血管的深度值;所述第二设定体位标记包括:皮肤表面到中心点的距离与图像坐标系中的坐标点的对应关系。
第二方面,本发明实施例还提供了一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,包括:
采集模块,用于采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;
图像特征获取模块,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征;
粗检测模块,用于根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置;
搜索模块,用于以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;
确定模块,用于根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
结合第二方面,本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式,其中,图像特征获取模块,包括:
第一遍历单元,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
统计单元,用于统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实施方式,本发明实施例提供了第二方面的第二种可能的实施方式,其中,粗检测模块,包括:
第一查找单元,用于在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息;
记录单元,用于将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存;
第二查找单元,用于在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置用于限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域;
选取单元,用于根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值;
第一确定单元,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
本发明实施例提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置,包括:采集目标血管的图像数据,图像数据中包含目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;根据目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历图像数据在设定窗口中 的像素,获取图像数据中目标血管的图像特征;根据目标血管的图像特征,确定目标血管的粗检测中心位置;以根据粗检测中心位置的横坐标确定的横坐标为搜索点,在粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值,与现有技术中B超机仅可以提供图像的位置深度信息,不能直观的反映穿刺时,留置针的穿刺深度和走针路线,从而造成临床上穿刺困难等难题相比,其能够高精度的自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,降低了医院的人力培训成本,同时避免了人工穿刺针扎伤风险。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂,下文特举较佳实施例,并配合所附附图,作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,应当理解,以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例,因此不应被看作是对范围的限定,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1示出了本发明实施例所提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法的流程图;
图2的左图和右图对应示出了本发明实施例采集的600×450的超声影像以及选取的感兴趣区域的划定位置示意图;
图3示出了本发明实施例所提供的另一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法的流程图;
图4示出了本血管所在横坐标的垂直线上,宽度为36的窗口中黑色像素所占比例R(y)-Y的曲线示意图;
图5示出了本发明实施例所提供的另一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法的流程图;
图6示出了本发明实施例所提供的另一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法的流程图;
图7示出了本发明实施例所提供的另一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法的流程图;
图8示出了利用本发明实施例所提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法得到的目标血管检测定位的效果图;
图9示出了利用本发明实施例所提供的所用视频采集卡和彩超机的结构示意图;
图10示出了本发明实施例所提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置的结构示意图;
图11示出了本发明实施例所提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中图像特征获取模块的结构示意图;
图12示出了本发明实施例所提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中粗检测模块的结构示意图。
图标:10、采集模块;20、图像特征获取模块;30、粗检测模块;40、搜索模块;50、确定模块;201、第一遍历单元;202、统计单元;301、第一查找单元;302、记录单元;303、第二查找单元;304、选取单元;305、第一确定单元。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此,以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实 施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围,而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
考虑到目前B超机计算的目标静脉的深度与血管直径的计算方法精确度较差,从而无法精确定位穿刺针的穿刺位置。基于此,本发明实施例提供了一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法及装置,下面通过实施例进行描述。
本发明实施例提供了一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,所述方法可以由图像处理器来执行,参考图1,所述方法包括:
S101、采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值。
目前的留置针穿刺静脉血管,均是护士首先通过B超机采集目标血管的超声影像,然后B超机显示该超声影像。本发明实施例中,图像处理器获取B超机显示该超声影像的方式有两种,第一,图像处理器向B超机请求获取其采集的超声影像,由B超机将其采集的超声影像发送给图像处理器;第二,图像处理器连接一图像采集卡,并通过该图像采集直接采集B超机显示的超声影像。
在图像处理器获取到超声影像,根据用户发送的截取指令或者根据预先存储的截取指令,在超声影像上选取感兴趣区域,得到目标血管的图像数据;所述感兴趣区域为血管所在可能区域。图2的左图和右图分别对应本发明实施例采集的600×450的超声影像以及选取的感兴趣区域的划定位置示意图。
对于得到的目标血管的图像数据,图像处理器以该图像数据的左上角的点作为原点,以水平方向向右为正方向,以竖直方向向下为正方向建立图像坐标系,其中,水平方向表示目标血管的长度延伸方向,竖直向下方表示目标血管的深度方向。
在建立的上述图像坐标系中,护士手动选定目标血管所在的横坐标,具体选取方法为:在截取出的感兴趣图像上,需要操作者按照以往的血管经验进行目标血管所在横坐标的选取。按照软件设计原则,操作人员需通过鼠标点击事件在后台PC上对目标血管所在的横坐标垂直线上进行单击,此时PC获取目标血管所在的横坐标X。
S102、根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征。
本发明实施例中,根据设定的横坐标值,以一定纵坐标步长,按照纵坐标的竖直方向以及按照36×36大小的设定窗口遍历所述图像数据中的像素,统计各个窗口内黑色像素所占当前窗口像素(即当前矩形块像素)的比例,得到比例曲线,记为R(y)-Y。
其中,R表示纵坐标为y时,以(X,y)为中心,宽度为BianLiWidth=36像素的正方形区域内,像素值低于第一设定阈值(如T1=30,T1表示第一设定阈值)的像素点个数所占的比例;其中,黑色像素比例曲线为图像数据的统计特征。
S103、根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
本发明实施例中,利用得到的R(y)-Y比例曲线,找出大于第二设定阈值,且宽度大于2的高比例连通区域(即连通区域),记录为连通域结构体数组PeakArea_A[g_areaNo_A]。g_areaNo_A表示得到的高连通域的个数,结构体数组PeakArea_A则记录了每个连通区域的起点、终点、中心、波峰的位置信息。
S104、以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值。
具体的,横坐标搜索点包括两种情况:第一,仅包括粗检测中心位置的横坐标;第二,包括粗检测中心位置的横坐标以及多个按照粗检测中心位置的横坐标和第二设定步长(即 预设横坐标设定步长)确定的其他横坐标。
S105、根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
本发明实施例中,根据目标血管设定的横坐标值和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的中心点;根据所述中心点和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述穿刺点所在的范围;根据第二设定体位标记、所述中心点和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的深度值;所述第二设定体位标记包括:皮肤表面到中心点的距离与图像坐标系中的坐标点的对应关系。
本发明实施例提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,与现有技术中B超机仅可以提供图像的位置深度信息,不能直观的反映穿刺时,留置针的穿刺深度和走针路线,从而造成临床上穿刺困难等难题相比,其能够高精度的自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,降低了医院的人力培训成本,同时避免了人工穿刺针扎伤风险。
进一步的,参考图3,步骤101,根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征,包括:
S1021、根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
参考图4,以目标血管设定的横坐标值X为定值,根据第一设定步长Y1确定目标血管第一个纵坐标值Y1,在以(X,Y1)为中心点的设定窗口中(如36×36)进行像素遍历,记为第一窗口的遍历;然后根据第一设定步长Y1确定目标血管第二个纵坐标值Y1+Y1,在以(X,Y1+Y1)为中心点的设定窗口中进行像素遍历,记为第一窗口的遍历,重复上述遍历方法,直至完成覆盖所述图像数据中所有像素多个N个窗口的遍历。
S1022、统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;其中,所述黑色像素为像素值低于第一设定阈值的像素;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
具体的,统计步骤1021中各个窗口内像素值小于第一设定阈值的黑色像素所占当前窗口像素的比例,得到比例曲线,记为R(y)-Y。其中,R表示纵坐标为y时,以(X,y)为中心,宽度为BianLiWidth=36像素的正方形区域内,像素值低于第一设定阈值(如T1=30)的像素点个数所占的比例,然后通过二维结构体数组的函数记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;上述二维结构体数组中,一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。图4为血管所在横坐标的垂直线上,宽度为36的窗口中黑色像素所占比例R(y)-Y的曲线示意图。
进一步的,参考图5,步骤103,根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置,包括:
S1031、在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息。
具体的,连通区域的查找方法包括:从记录所述黑色像素比例曲线的二维结构体数组中查找大于第二设定阈值的像素值;当首次查找到大于第二设定阈值的第一像素值时,记录所述第一像素值的位置作为起点位置,直至首次查找到小于第二设定阈值的第二像素值时,记录所述第二像素点的位置作为终点位置;上述第二设定阈值可表示为THIGVAL,本发明实施例中设定THIGVAL=83。
判断所述起点位置和所述终点位置之间的距离是否大于设定宽度阈值;若是,确定所述起点位置到所述终点位置为一个连通区域,并记录所述连通区域的中心位置和波峰位置;
重复执行上述查找和判断的步骤,直至完成对所述二维结构体数组中像素值的遍历,得到多个连通区域。
当通过上述查找和判断的步骤得到的连通区域g_areaNo_A的个数为0时,将第二设定阈值THIGVAL进行减5处理,再次通过上述查找和判断的步骤进行统计,直至得到多个连通区域。
S1032、将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存。
具体的,连通区域结构体数组可表示为PeakArea_A[g_areaNo_A],g_areaNo_A表示得到的连通区域的个数,结构体数组PeakArea_A则记录了每个连通区域的起点位置、终点位置、中心位置、波峰位置。
S1033、在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置用于限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域。
具体的,由解剖学,正常人体的上臂贵要静脉所处的深度为0.5~2.0cm之间,而大多数在1cm附近。巴德公司的用于PICC穿刺的B超机为穿刺进行了图像的尺寸标定,即分别在源图像的(225,179)、(225,258)、(225,337)、(225,416)、(225,496)五处进行了荧光绿的标记,即B超机上预先设置有设定体位标记。根据连通区域结构体数组信息,当第二个波峰中心低于B超机显示器中的第一设定体位标记的位置(即原定的1.8cm处的绿点下方),即纵坐标像素值为LowCenter=230时,说明在此之前至少有2个连通区域,确定该波峰中心为要符合条件的波峰中心。
本发明实施例中,第一设定体位标记和第二设定体位标记是B超机中的穿刺引导线中的标记点,标记点可以有多个,各个标记点代表标记的当前位置距离皮肤表面的深度值。
S1034、根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值。
具体的,目标连通区域的选取方法包括:获取所述波峰中心之前的第一个连通区域和第二连通区域;分别计算所述第一个连通区域的终点位置和第二个连通区域的起点位置与第二设定体位标记的位置的距离;根据距离计算结果,确定距离所述第二设定体位标记最近的连通区域为目标连通区域或者确定第一个连通区域为目标连通区域。
作为一种可实施方式,比较第一个连通区域的终点坐标和第二个连通区域的起点坐标,距离第二设定体位标记的位置(该位置为血管最常见位置即1cm处的绿点位置)最近的,为目标血管的比例曲线位置;上述绿点位置即感兴趣区域中纵坐标像素值为BigCENTER=143的位置。否则,第一个连通区域是目标连通区域。在确定的目标连通区域中,将该目标连通区域的波峰位置作为目标血管中心的粗检测位置DetectY。
S1035、根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
进一步的,参考图6,步骤104,以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值,包括:
S1041、根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值以及第二设定步长,确定的横坐标搜索点。
具体的,当目标血管为普通血管即预设长度的目标血管的截面成椭圆形,第二设定步长为0,此时,确定的横坐标搜索点只包括粗检测中心位置的横坐标值;
当患者脂肪较多或者患者较胖或者目标血管不是普通血管时,预设长度的目标血管的截面并非规则的椭圆形,此时,第二设定步长大于0,此时,确定的横坐标搜索点既包括粗检测中心位置的横坐标值,还包括根据大于0的第二设定步长和粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的其他横坐标值;如第二设定步长为5,横坐标搜索点包括X-5、X和X+5。
S1042、以确定的所述横坐标搜索点为起始点,遍历所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值对应像素值,当在双向纵坐标方向中检测到大于第三设定阈值的像素值,并记录该像素值对应的纵坐标值。
本发明实施例中,为了保证出现不规则形状的目标血管,以横坐标搜索点包括X-5、X和X+5为例进行血管半径与圆心位置精确检测;粗检测位置DetectY为目标血管中的已知图像点,以(X-5,DetectY)、(X,DetectY)、(X+5,DetectY)为中心,分别按照上下两个方向,遍历所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值对应像素值,当遇到像素值大于第三设定阈值的像素,则该方向停止搜索并记录搜索的像素值的纵坐标值。本发明实施例中第三设定阈值表示RadiuPixValu且设定RadiuPixValue=45。
S1043、在向上的纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最大纵坐标值,作为目标血管的上血管壁的纵坐标值。
具体的,在按照向上的纵坐标方向搜索的三个纵坐标值中取最大值,得到RadiusStart,作为目标血管的上血管壁位置。
S1044、在双向纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最小纵坐标值,作为目标血管的下血管壁的纵坐标值。
具体的,在按照上下的纵坐标方向搜索的三个纵坐标值中取最小值,得到RadiusEnd,作为目标血管的下血管壁位置。
进一步的,参考图7,步骤105,根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围,还包括:
S1051、根据目标血管设定的横坐标值和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的中心点。
本发明实施例中,目标血管的中心点的纵坐标值为(RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2,目标血管的中心点为(X,(RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2)。
S1052、以所述中心点为圆心,以所述上下血管壁的纵坐标值之差为半径,确定所述穿刺点所在的范围。
具体的,以(X,(RadiusStart+RadiusEnd)/2)为圆心,以(RadiusEnd-RadiusStart)/2为半径,确定穿刺点所在的范围。
S1053、根据所述目标血管的中心点、所述上血管壁的纵坐标值以及第二设定体位标记,确定目标血管的深度值;所述第二设定体位标记包括:皮肤表面到中心点的距离与图像坐标系中的坐标点的对应关系。
将测得的数据(包括目标血管的中心点、以该中心点为圆心的半径 (RadiusEnd-RadiusStart)/2和目标血管的深度值)在原图上进行效果标注,其中竖线是操作人员通过鼠标点击事件传递给后台PC的。图8示出了目标血管检测定位的效果图。
本发明实施例提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,与现有技术中的B超机仅可以提供图像的位置深度信息,不能直观的反映穿刺时,留置针的穿刺深度和走针路线,从而造成临床上穿刺困难等难题相比,其能够高精度的自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,降低了医院的人力培训成本,同时避免了人工穿刺针扎伤风险。
作为一种可选的实施方式,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法在进行试验时,选用了维视图像MV-2000型号的USB接口图像采集卡、巴德公司SonoTouch80彩超。采集卡和彩超机如图9所示。试验硬件条件为Intel Core(TM)2Quad Q9550 2.83GHz CPU,4G内存的PC机;软件环境为Visual Studio 2013,OpenCV3.0。采集视频的分辨率为600×450,程序处理一帧图像的平均时间约为27ms,可以达到实时检测要求。选择2016年6月-8月在解放军307医院进行PICC置管的病人共946例病人,男329例,女597例,年龄分布从11岁到83岁不等。不分年龄、性别进行检测。每例病人采集1-3张图片不等,共得到1467试验检测样本。其中识别率如下表1所示。
表1 试验样本检测结果说明
待识别样本总数 暂不处理数 错误识别数目 识别正确率
1467 64 33 97.64789%
表格中暂不处理的数目为64,指的是在传递图像时,护士误操作,所传图片中没有目标血管,不被列入算法处理对象。错误识别是指,血管定位失败,或血管深度测量偏差大。试验中发现,在识别错误的病例时,往往是超声图像前期选择的不好,没有调整到最佳的图像显示状态。在错误识别时若及时调整探头角度和位置,进行新的图片发送,能纠正错误,进行正确的血管识别定位。试验结果表明算法在不同血管情景下表现良好。本研究克服了医学图像成像不均匀,不统一的弊端。同时时间和计算复杂度较低,能够满足实时性和准确性的要求。
本发明实施例还提供了一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,所述装置用于执行上述留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,参考图10,所述装置包括:
采集模块10,用于采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;
图像特征获取模块20,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征;
粗检测模块30,用于根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置;
搜索模块40,用于以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;
确定模块50,用于根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
进一步的,参考图11,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,图像特征获取模块20,包括:
第一遍历单元201,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
统计单元202,用于统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通 过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
进一步的,参考图12,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,粗检测模块30,包括:
第一查找单元301,用于在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息;
记录单元302,用于将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存;
第二查找单元303,用于在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置用于限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域;
选取单元304,用于根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值;
第一确定单元305,用于根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
进一步的,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,第一查找单元301,具体用于,从记录所述黑色像素比例曲线的二维结构体数组中查找大于第二设定阈值的像素值;当首次查找到大于第二设定阈值的第一像素值时,记录所述第一像素值的位置作为起点位置,直至首次查找到小于第二设定阈值的第二像素值时,记录所述第二像素点的位置作为终点位置;
判断所述起点位置和所述终点位置之间的距离是否大于设定宽度阈值;若是,确定所述起点位置到所述终点位置为一个连通区域,并记录所述连通区域的中心位置和波峰位置;
重复执行上述查找和判断的步骤,直至完成对所述二维结构体数组中像素值的遍历。
进一步的,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,选取单元304,包括:
获取子单元,用于获取所述波峰中心之前的第一个连通区域和第二连通区域;
距离计算子单元,用于分别计算所述第一个连通区域的终点位置和第二个连通区域的起点位置与第二设定体位标记的位置的距离;
确定子单元,用于根据距离计算结果,确定距离所述第二设定体位标记最近的连通区域为目标连通区域或者确定第一个连通区域为目标连通区域。
进一步的,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,搜索模块40,包括:
第二确定单元,用于根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值以及第二设定步长,确定的横坐标搜索点;
第二遍历单元,用于以确定的所述横坐标搜索点为起始点,遍历所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值对应像素值,当在双向纵坐标方向中检测到大于第三设定阈值的像素值,并记录该像素值对应的纵坐标值;
第一选取单元,用于在向上的纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最大纵坐标值,作为目标血管的上血管壁的纵坐标值;
第二选取单元,用于在双向纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最小纵坐标值,作为目标血管的下血管壁的纵坐标值。
进一步的,本发明实施例提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置中,确定模块50包括:
第三确定单元,用于根据目标血管设定的横坐标值和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的中心点;
第四确定单元,用于以所述中心点为圆心,以所述上下血管壁的纵坐标值之差为半径,确定所述穿刺点所在的范围;
第五确定单元,用于根据所述目标血管的中心点、所述上血管壁的纵坐标值以及第二设定体位标记,确定目标血管的深度值;所述第二设定体位标记包括:皮肤表面到中心点的距离与图像坐标系中的坐标点的对应关系。
本发明实施例提供的一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,与现有技术中的B超机仅可以提供图像的位置深度信息,不能直观的反映穿刺时,留置针的穿刺深度和走针路线,从而造成临床上穿刺困难等难题相比,其能够高精度的自动定位穿刺机构在目标血管中的穿刺位置,降低了医院的人力培训成本,同时避免了人工穿刺针扎伤风险。
本发明实施例所提供的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置可以为设备上的特定硬件或者安装于设备上的软件或固件等。本发明实施例所提供的装置,其实现原理及产生的技术效果和前述方法实施例相同,为简要描述,装置实施例部分未提及之处,可参考前述方法实施例中相应内容。所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到,为描述的方便和简洁,前述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程,均可以参考上述方法实施例中的对应过程,在此不再赘述。
在本发明所提供的实施例中,应该理解到,所揭露装置和方法,可以通过其它的方式实现。以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,例如,所述单元的划分,仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分,实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式,又例如,多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统,或一些特征可以忽略,或不执行。另一点,所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些通信接口,装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接,可以是电性,机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。
另外,在本发明提供的实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中,也可以是各个单元单独物理存在,也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
应注意到:相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项,因此,一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义,则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释,此外,术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等仅用于区分描述,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
最后应说明的是:以上所述实施例,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制,本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改或可轻易想到变化,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改、变化或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,包括:
    采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;
    根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征;
    根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置;
    以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;
    根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征,包括:
    根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
    统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;其中,所述黑色像素为像素值低于第一设定阈值的像素;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置,包括:
    在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息;
    将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存;
    在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置被配置成限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域;
    根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值;
    根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域,包括:
    从记录所述黑色像素比例曲线的二维结构体数组中查找大于第二设定阈值的像素值;当首次查找到大于第二设定阈值的第一像素值时,记录所述第一像素值的位置作为起点位置,直至首次查找到小于第二设定阈值的第二像素值时,记录所述第二像素点的位置作为终点位置;
    判断所述起点位置和所述终点位置之间的距离是否大于设定宽度阈值;若是,确定所述起点位置到所述终点位置为一个连通区域,并记录所述连通区域的中心位置和波峰位置;
    重复执行上述查找和判断的步骤,直至完成对所述二维结构体数组中像素值的遍历。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,包括:
    获取所述波峰中心之前的第一个连通区域和第二连通区域;
    分别计算所述第一个连通区域的终点位置和第二个连通区域的起点位置与第二设定体位标记的位置的距离;
    根据距离计算结果,确定距离所述第二设定体位标记最近的连通区域为目标连通区域或者确定第一个连通区域为目标连通区域。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值,包括:
    根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值以及第二设定步长,确定的横坐标搜索点;
    以确定的所述横坐标搜索点为起始点,遍历所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值对应像素值,当在双向纵坐标方向中检测到大于第三设定阈值的像素值,并记录该像素值对应的纵坐标值;
    在向上的纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最大纵坐标值,作为目标血管的上血管壁的纵坐标值;
    在双向纵坐标方向的记录结果中选取最小纵坐标值,作为目标血管的下血管壁的纵坐标值。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位方法,其特征在于,根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围,包括:
    根据目标血管设定的横坐标值和搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定目标血管的中心点;
    以所述中心点为圆心,以所述上下血管壁的纵坐标值之差为半径,确定所述穿刺点所在的范围;
    根据所述目标血管的中心点、所述上血管壁的纵坐标值以及第二设定体位标记,确定目标血管的深度值;所述第二设定体位标记包括:皮肤表面到中心点的距离与图像坐标系中的坐标点的对应关系。
  8. 一种留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,其特征在于,包括:
    采集模块,被配置成采集目标血管的图像数据,所述图像数据中包含所述目标血管在图像坐标系中设定的横坐标值;
    图像特征获取模块,被配置成根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值及其在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素,获取所述图像数据中所述目标血管的图像特征;
    粗检测模块,被配置成根据所述目标血管的图像特征,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置;
    搜索模块,被配置成以根据所述粗检测中心位置的横坐标值确定的横坐标为搜索点,在所述粗检测中心位置的纵坐标值中搜索上下血管壁的纵坐标值;
    确定模块,被配置成根据搜索的上下血管壁的纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的穿刺点所在的范围和目标血管的深度值。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,其特征在于,图像特征获取模块,包括:
    第一遍历单元,被配置成根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和所述设定的横坐标值在纵坐标方向的第一设定步长,遍历所述图像数据在设定窗口中的像素;
    统计单元,被配置成统计所述设定窗口内黑色像素占所述设定窗口中像素的比例,通过二维结构体数组记录得到的黑色像素比例曲线;所述二维结构体数组的一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的位置,其另一个维度记录黑色像素比例曲线的数据值。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的留置针在穿刺静脉血管中的自动定位装置,其特征在于,粗检测模块,包括:
    第一查找单元,被配置成在所述黑色像素比例曲线中查找满足第一设定条件的连通区域;所述第一设定条件为:所述连通区域中所有黑色像素比例均大于第二设定阈值且所述连通区域的宽度大于设定宽度阈值;所述连通区域至少包括如下特征信息:起点位置信息、终点位置信息、中心位置信息和波峰位置信息;
    记录单元,被配置成将得到的所述连通区域的特征信息以结构体数组方式记录保存;
    第二查找单元,被配置成在所述连通区域结构体数组中,查找首次出现且满足第二设定条件的波峰中心;所述第二设定条件为:该波峰中心的位置低于第一设定体位标记的位置且在该波峰中心之前至少包括一个波峰中心;所述第一设定体位标记的位置被配置成限定所述波峰中心之前至少包括两个所述连通区域;
    选取单元,被配置成根据第二设定体位标记的位置,从所述波峰中心之前包括的连通区域中选取目标连通区域,并将所述目标连通区域对应的波峰值作为所述目标血管的纵坐标值;
    第一确定单元,被配置成根据所述目标血管设定的横坐标值和确定的所述纵坐标值,确定所述目标血管的粗检测中心位置。
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