WO2018167797A1

WO2018167797A1 - Artificial rainmaking by high power laser initiation endothermic reactions through drone aircraft remote control system

Info

Publication number: WO2018167797A1
Application number: PCT/IN2017/000105
Authority: WO
Inventors: Shivshankar Kanhuji CHOPKAR
Original assignee: Chopkar Shivshankar Kanhuji
Priority date: 2017-03-15
Filing date: 2017-05-24
Publication date: 2018-09-20

Abstract

Present invention provides a system and methodology for artificial rain making through use of drone aircraft remote control system or Unmanned Ariel Vehicle using principle of endothermic reaction. The mega UAV fitted with pen tax digital camera is used for taking high resolution images on demand. Mega UAV is controlled by autopilot along with pre-programmed ground control software or can be manually taken off using simple joy stick working at radio frequency range. To trigger ionization process UAV is equipped with plasma frequency releasing system and is sent to the inner of the cloud mass density. UAV system goes deep inside the cloud mass and releases single high power LASER pulse in atmosphere. Drone systems are used to create acceleration and turbulence by wind force and tiny water particles collides and becomes bigger rain drops. Such bigger rain drops acts as seed to form another rain drops and raining occurs. Sending the UAV to cloud helps to avoid chances of coming natural lightening to ground and chances of damage to livings can be optimized.

Description

TITLE OF INVENTION

Artificial Rain Making by high power laser initiation endothermic reactions through drone aircraft remote control system

Technical field of invention:

Present invention in general relates to artificial rainmak ing by using h igh power laser initiation endothermic reactions through drone aircraft remote control system.

Prior art:

Condensation is the basic need for water drop formation. Example: Take two glasses with clean outer surface one with normal water and another with ice pieces and place them on a table in winter season. A fter sometime you can observe water droplets on the outer surface of the glass which contains ice but not in the other. This is due to the condensation process that occurred in that ice glass without any seeding. Hence condensation is the basic need for the water drop formation. When natural rainfall occurs in the atmosphere no^', seeding process takes place.

The conventional seeding process used for artificial rain making can be lised only for cold rainy clouds, but our proposed process is equally successfu l for warm wh ite .clouds, in our. process, condescension is by endothermic reactions. We have proved this in our Laboraiory. Seeding process is expensive and harmful to mankind because it brings harmful chem icals on earth along with rain.

ICR 1 01 66979 ! discloses an invention which relates to an artificial rainfall generated and dust reducing apparatus, by a branch l ine is supported vertically, above the ground, the first tower 1 04 and the second tower 1 08 is installed spaee^'d apart from each other; Above and one end is coupled to the first pylon (104), the one end from the other side a predetermined distance spaced apart portions are coupled to the second pylon ( 1 08), the other end is extended into the ground, the first, tower 1 04 and-the second tower 1 08-, the hose 1 10 is ^'formed has a portion connecting the plurality of injectio nozzles ( 12); High pressure pump 1 1 8 is connected to a water tank 1 6 installed in the other end surface of the hose 1 10 to^' supply water corsiained in the water tank 1 16 to the hose ( 1 1 0); And. the upper end to the injection nozzle 1 1 2, the first position a second position at which a distance spaced down- from the formed of the hose 1 1 0 is instal led, the lower end is installed in the third position wh ich is located below the second position; The first screen 130 of the network to which the composition of the- cloud formed to interfere with the horizontal flow provided by cloud formation space between the first position and the second position; And the second screen 140 of the network is branched in the front-rear direction at the upper end to prevent the vertical flow of the air stream of the first screen ( 130); and the first screen Ϊ 3Θ and the second screen including the ( in the form of high humidity or by the 140) to col lect fine dust cloud humidity in the form of a low air is arranged to fall to the ground, CN 105929 1 16 A discloses art intelligent outdoor artificial rainfall simulation device wh ch comprises a control end, a water conveying system, a rain dropping machine and a group of rain gauges arranged with in a rain dropping range of the rain dropping machine, wherein the control end is used for setting rainfall experiment parameters, sending a control instruction to the rain dropping machine and the water conveying system, and acquiring data of the rain gauges; the water conveying system comprises a water tank, a water pump and a water conveying pipe; one end of the water conveying pipe is connected with the water pump, and the other end of the water conveying pipe is connected with the rain dropping mach ine; the^* rain dropping machine comprises a pipe rack; the pipe rack is a cubic framework consisting of two steel pipe vertical colum ns and surrounding steel pipe transverse columns; rain dropping sprayers are mounted at the four corners of the upper end of the cubic framework; first signal receiving ends are mounted on the rain dropping sprayers; and the rain gauges are used for transmitting the acquired rainfall data to the control end. The intelligent outdoor artificial rainfal l simulation device has the advantage of conven ience in assembling and disassembling; furthermore, a rainfall experiment is simpler, and the experiment cost is reduced; meanwh ile, experiment data can be continuously_, measured, recorded and processed in real time, and the accuracy and the effectiveness of the rainfall experiment are guaranteed,

US 5137214 A discloses a method and apparatus for creating artificial rain. The apparatus includes a substantially planar collection sheet having a plurality of pointed teeth along its lower edge. A water tank supplies water under pressure to an overhead manifold wh ich feeds water to a plurality of spray nozzles adapted to spray a horizontal fan of water onto the collection sheet. As the water collects on the pointed teeth, it eventually falls off in droplet form when the volume and weight of the water overcomes its surface tension. An overspray sheet also having a plurality of pointed teeth may be positioned in spaced, parallel relation to the collection sheet to collect any overspray and convert it to drops of artificial rain. A control system regulates water pressure in the apparatus during use conditions. When the apparatus is deactivated, water is recycled in the tank while maintaining a balanced head pressure in the apparatus so that activation and deactivation takes only a few seconds.

US 7965488 B2 discloses an antenna to efficiently ionize the atmosphere for the purpose of reducing the aerosol counts, and therefore the number of pol luted particles in suspension in the atmosphere, by deposition to ground. The antenna includes peripheral nodes and a central node. Each of the peripheral nodes is connected to adjacent peripheral nodes through peripheral spokes. The peripheral nodes are also connected to the central node through radial spokes. Electric power is applied to the peripheral spokes and the rad ial spokes causing the antenna to charge the atmosphere through the em ission of ions. The antenna minimizes an attenuation factor that reduces ionization efficiency and reduces the land requirements for its installation.

CN 205546762 discloses an artificial rainfall system. This artificial rainfall system includes: and a support. The rainfall spray tube, the rainfall spray tube is movably to be installed on the support, draw gear, draw gear's drawing end is connected to the rainfall spray tube, draw gear is set up as to pull during rain making at the uniform velocity reciprocating motion of turnover zone intra -area is being booked to the rainfall spray tube, a water pump, the water pump intercommunication extremely the rainfall spray tube is ^"with the water - infusion the. rainfall spray tube. Above -mentioned artificial rainfall system is used, the raininess spatial distribution homogeneity of rain making can be improved.

CN 205284436 discloses a portable field artificial rain device, including water supply system, rainfall system and rainfall platform, water- supply system inciiades storage water tank, high pressure water pump, conduit and water knockout drum, and the storage water tank passes through high pressisre water . pump and conduit is connected with the water knockout drum, the rainfall system^* including divides pipeline group with set up the pipeline group of dividing on rainfall ware shower nozzle, the pipeline of dividing group leads to in pipe and the water knockout drum delivery port of ^'distributive pipe and is connected, the rainfall platform includes support and supporting seat, and the support mounting is at the supporting seat top, and the pipeline of dividing group sets up on the support, and the supporting seat bottom is fixed sub aerial . The utility model discloses a preparation is convenient, simple structure, and easi ly the installation easily alternaties the raininess, has the efficiency to retrieve invalid precipitation and cycl ic uti lization, and the watering is even simultaneously.

O 2009125264 A4 discloses The invention concerns environmentally compatible methods and apparatuses for local modification of atmosphere, and in particular, for causing precipitation, dissipating fop and/or clouds, removi ng air- pollutants in a target area. SUBSTANCE: the method involves applying air- ionizers (l a, l b, l c) to generate ion flows into atmosphere to ' form co.nvective flows and/or spatial charges. To control characteristics of the ion flow, it is proposed to ^'use one or multiple air ionizers (l , l b, l c) provided with variable- incl ination electrode working cel ls. EFFECT: wide appl ication of an air ionizer ( 1 ) with variable layout (inclination angle) of the ekctrodes in weather condition modification over a target area, Natural evidence:

Present invention actually works on a method which emulates rain formation mechanism in nature after lightning. On several occasions it has been found that precipitation fol iows after l ightning. .Golds. ( 1977) from a number of radar observations has reported that intense precipitation is not even present in the clouds before the first discharge but it develops abruptly in the same region after d ischarge from which the lightning flashes originate, Bailan ( 1 981 ) has observed very rapid growth of precipitation particles/ice crystals caused by electrical forces following a lightning discharge. In many cases the on-set of strong electrification follows the appearance of heavy precipitation within the cloud in the form of hail stones {Wallance and Hobbs, 1977). The correlation between lightning and precipitation is as follows: heavy gushes of rain or- ail often reach the ground in 2-3 min . after the lightning flash and it is evidenced that lightning is the cause rather than the result of the rapid intensification of the precipitation {Mason, 1975). It is further speculated that the rapid intensification of the precipitation from about I mm h to 5Gmm/h in this 2-3 min period is brought about by a greatly accelerated rate of coalescence of water drops under the influence of electrical forces by a mechanism that is obscure and has no convincing experimental or theoretical base (Mason, 1 971 ). From the above work it is clear that precipitation is formed after lightning, in lightning, temperature rises as high as 30,000 in. fraction of a second, At this^* high temperature both dissociation and ionization of and <¾. takes place. But for the formation of precipitation, a temperature as low as ~ - 1 OK; is needed. How a region wh ich rose to a temperature of -~30,Ο0ΟΚ attains a temperature of ~ - 10 ? Who removes the heat? That means after lightning, some mechanism occurs which cool the medium. The mechanism is occurrence of endothermic reactions wh ich coo! the atmosphere. This cooling wil l create CCN (clouds condensation nuclei) in cloud and produce tiny water droplets in the atmosphere. These . tiny water droplets then will act as natural seed for the formation of rain drops in the atmosphere (Drake 2006).

Practical Evidences: -

Carls and Brock (1987) did an experiment in which atmosphere^' was heated by a laser pulse up to 1 600 to 2800 K. They observed water droplet formation in the atmosphere. ^" They ^"postulated^* that ^"water^" droplets \vere^* o?rried^{' "}b^'y~toh^'i2atiOT process. This is partly true because they did not consider dissociation and the occurrence of endothermtc ^' reactions, which are responsible for cooling and capable of CCN formation. Again in the conclusion of the said paper, he ^■predicted - -that -the -air- is - shock heated to < temperatures high -enough-to-cause - ionization, if the ionized air is subjected to more radiation, avalanche breakdown . of the air can occur. This is similar to breaking of N₂ and Oj. molecules because air contains ^78% N2 and 21 % 0₂. which is responsible for endoihermic reaction and condensation takes place. Our simulation substantiates the theory that shock heating of air can be at least partly responsible for aerosol-enhanced breakdown.

In the laboratory, we did an experiment in a chamber where lightning was created by a^'h^'igh voltage electric spark.- We noticed formation of water droplets on the · ^' surface of the chamber. The resu lts have been publ ished_, (Chopka and ^' Chakrabarty 2008, Chopkar ei al. 2010).

Rohwetter et al. (201 0) have shown that ionized filaments (like a cable) generated by ultra-short wave (Visible, Infra Red region) laser pulses are able to induce water-cloud condensation in the sub-saturated atmosphere in the altitude region between 45 and 75m resulting in rain.

Yoshihara et al. (2007) have shown that the pulsed LTV-laser irradiation of ambient air induces the formation of water droplets or small .ice particles in the laboratory. They also observed that the atomic oxygen which is formed in this process quickly reacts with oxygen molecules to form ozone. In their experiment oxone is formed due to endothermic process by which condensation takes place and CM (condensation nuclei) is formed which produces water droplets or ice crystals.

It may be mentioned here that a group at Indian Institute of Tropica! Meteorology, Purte who is experimenting with !idar, has also observed that a few drops of water fal l after the laser beam is shot in the atmosphere..

Recently, in U.S.A. at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Development of this technology (Laser makes rain) was supported by a $7.5 million grant, from the U.S. Department of Defense, During a rainstorm, particles inside a cloud bui ld up static electricity and release it as lightning. ^'Meanwhile, tiny water droplets stick together until they are heavy enough to fal l to . the ground. Scientists want to recreate this process with lasers to produce fain .when and ^■ where it is needed (Inside Science TV).

Although various research works prove that condensation takes place in laboratory cloud chamber, not much ^' scientific justification ^' is provided about what phenomena is responsible for that condensation? In our studies we have analyzed and observed that only and only endotherrn ic reaction is responsible for the said condensation.

In the atmosphere, after lightning, heavy rain fall occurs, in lightning phenomena

-SQ ¾is tjijo.jte- ej.i-lt€.« .^..iniii¾tjng i¾n4pJb.¾nrok jespiiQos.i i .

seeding for another sets of rain drops, in this way, chain process occurs with heavy rain fall. Above l ightning phenomena, is used in the present invention for artificial rain making by using plasma laser pulse in the atmosphere, through Drone air craft's with remote control led system.

The advantage of this method is,^, it is environmentally clean, one time investment . ^■ so it is economical, can be turned on and off at .will, and can be precisely^■ pos itioned. It wilt be movable oh drone air craft remote control system. The present system is targeted to create artificial rainfall by high power laser pulse in the atmosphere, at any place, at any time, as per our human need, for green revolution, in the whole world.

Qbjec

3 . Primary object of the present invention is^' to provide a system and methodology for artificial precipitation.

2. Another object of the present invention is to artificially- precipitate using . plasma LASER pulse, fixed in drone aircraft system which is controlled by remote control from ground level.

3. Yet another object of the present invention is to trigger endothermic reaction in the sky by triggering artificial f jgKtening using high power pulse LASER.

4. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method and ^' apparatus to solve the problem of basic needs of water and food of human beings.

5. Yet another object of the present invention is to prevent flooding conditions due to excess rainfall at certain places by controlled precipitation.

6. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and methodology for artificial rainfall which does not use any chemicals.

7. Yet another object of the present invention is to increase the agricultural . produce by means of artificial rainfall. 8. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a method or artificial rainfall which is not harmful to the environment:

Other ' objects, features and advantages wi ll become apparent from detail description and appended claims to those skilled in art,

STATEMENT:

Accordingly following invention provides a system and methodology for artificial rain making through use of drone aircraft remote control ^"system or Unmanned Ariel Veh icle herein after referred as UAV system using principle of endo herm ic reaction.

The mega UAV fitted with pen tax digital camera is used for taking h igh resolution images on ^"demand. Mega UAV is controlled by autopi lot along with pre-programmed ground control software or can be manually taken off using simple joy stick working at radio frequency range.

For penetrating deeper inside the clouds when triggered from ground, LA SER beams are not efficient. To trigger ionization process and further initiate endothermic reaction instead of sending Sight beam from ground Eo cloud, UAV is equipped with plasma frequency releasing system and is sent to the inner of-the cloud mass density. UAV system goes deep inside the cloud mass and releases single high power LASER pulse in atmosphere.

Drone, systems are used to create acceleration and turbulence by wind force and tiny water particles collides and becomes bigger rain drops. Such bigger rain drops acts as seed to form another rain drops and raining occurs.

Sending the UAV to cloud helps to avoid chances of coming natural l ightening to ground and chances of damage to livings can be optimized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING:

This irivention is described by way of example with reference to the following drawing where,

Fsg-1 of sheet 1 shows Design of UAV with LASER system fitting.

Where,

3 denotes High Power LASER Equipment.

2 denotes Battery Power.

3 denotes Hi¾h Power LASER Equipment,

Fig.2 of sheet 2 shows the UAV System.

Where,

4 denotes GPS Signal

5 denotes GPS Receiver

6 denotes Autopilot Control

7 denotes Power Supply for UAV ^'and Plasma LASER

8 denotes Power Plant

9 denotes Air Vehicle- with

10 denotes Command Receiver

! 1 denotes Multiracial Modem

12 denotes Satell ite Telemetry Receiver

13 denotes Digital Photo Camera Ignition Control

14 denotes Flight Program Operation

15 denotes UAV Position Control Data

16 denotes Command transmit

17 denotes Ground Data Term i rial

1 8· denotes Telemetry Receiver .

19 denotes Graph Display and Indication

20 denotes Ground Control

21 denotes Control Element 22 denotes Main Power Supply

23 denotes Standby Power Suppiy. in order thai the manner in which the above-eiied and other advantages and objects of the invention are ^' obtained, a more particu lar description of the invention briefly described above will be referred, which are il lustrated in the appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention and therefore not to^' be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will be described with additional speci ficity and details through the use of the accompanying drawing.

Detailed description :

Proposed system is designed to create artificial rain by initiating endothermic reactions in the cloud using a high power laser pulse through drone air craft remote control system. The advantage of th is method is, it is environmentally clean, one time investment, can be turned on and off at will, and can be precisely positioned and cover a cloudy wide area according to atmospheric condition.

When a laser pulse of wavelength, λ and energy, .hv (v = Ι Λ, and h is Planck's constant) is shot in the atmosphere, depending on the value of its energy, it can dissociate (break the bonds of) Nitrogen (N¾) and Oxygen ((¾) and ionize them as follows;

Dissociate:

N₂ + hv -+ N* + N (1 )

0₂ + hv→ G* + 0 (2) ionize:

Ni + hv—► Ν + e^" (3)

Q₂ + hv _» o₂ ⁺ 4- e^" (4) Energy required to dissociate ! molecule of N₂ and 1 molecule of02 -

2.25x 1 0- 1 8 Joule. ^■

Energy required to ionize i molecule of N₂ and 1 molecule ofOj =

4.44χΐ ϋ-ί 8 Joule.

Hence the energy required -to dissociate I molecule of N₂ and i molecule of Gi is about hai f of that required to ionize them. Therefore, when a laser pulse is shot in the atmosphere, it will first dissociate N₂ and (¾ and if energy still remains then it wil l ioruze them.

After bond breaking (dissociation, reactions 1 and 2), two atoms of N2 ( *, N) and two atoms of Oj (O*, O) are formed. Among them atoms N* and O* are in excited state md hence are unstable. They immediately react with some gases to come to ground state and form stable NO and O3 as follows:

N* + Oj + ( 43.2 kcal/mol)→ NO + Q . . . ... ... . (5)

G* + 0₂ + N₂ + (67.6 kcal/mol)→0₃ ÷N₂„ (6).

Both reactions (5) and (6) are endothermic and absorb a large' amount of hear (43.2 + 67.6 = 1 1 0.8 kcal/mol) from the surrounding air. As a result, the air becomes cooled below the condensation temperature and fine water particles are formed, cloud seeding takes place and it, rains. There is another possibil ity. In reactions (3) and (4), positive ions, N₂ ⁺ and 0₂ ⁺ and electrons., e^" is formed. Positive ions, N₂ ⁺ and (¾⁺ will quickly react with water molecules and form big ions like H⁺{B₂0)n etc and electrons, e^" will ^" quick ly react with many gases to form big negative ions l ike 03^'(H₂0)_n etc. The value of "n" could be as large as 25. These big positive and negative ions may act as seed and create rain.

Best Method of perforosasiee of the invention:

Recording of atmospheric parameters: Measurement of atmospheric_, parameters like percentage of humidity, temperature, and pressure and wind velocity at different height before and afte . sending the laser pulse will be done by weather forecasting system or satellite receiving systems. Data to be recorded (before and after passing laser pulse)

Date: : , , Day: : Time:: AM PM Location ::

Above parameters wil l be recorded by sending a laser of particular wavelength and then we will vary the wavelength of laser Pulse and record the same parameters so that the data can be collected for ready reference ^'for artificial rain making at that particular p!ace.

Observation of cloud condensation and prec ipitation formation :

Videos and pictures of cloud condensation and precipitation will be recorded by cameras before, during and after laser induced precipitation.

Measuring liquid water content in the cloud:^■

Liquid water content in the clouds will be measured by sending quad-copter at various heights.

Laser experiment:

After record ing atmospheric parameters and water content of the clouds on any given day at a particular date, time and location; different wavelength of lasers are sent to atmosphere and resulting precipitation is recorded using rain gauge. ^' For example, on a given day after recording percentage of h.umidjty, temperature, and pressure and wind velocity; laser pulse of various intensity and different wavelengths are transmitted and resulting precipitation wi ll then be noted.. Through this process following information is obtained:

INTENSITY OF LASER BEAM- nm (wave length λ) In this way, various parameters can be collected by passing a Iaser pulse of particular wavelength and then by varying the wavelength of laser Pulse average rain fall at different rain .gauge stations cart be^■ observed. Th is .constitutes o t imutff value^" of wa vele ngtri^'arid ^' i h^'tefrisity^' oTth^'e^" 1 afefPU Ise ~ h^" icif.^'wi 1 Γ g^'i ve^'tH ^" maximum average rain fall.

Analysis;

At any given level of humidity range, the data of laser intensity (wavelength) versus % of water drop formation can be. observed. After calculating optimum laser intensity at a given humidity range, relationship between humidity range and optimal wavelength to cause precipitation at that hum idity range can be analyzed. This reading is used to design the final laser induced rain making system optimized to cause maximum possible rainfall^' at a given level of humidity

Claims

CLAit

Artificial Rain Making System through Drone A ircraft Remote Control System Using Endbthermic Reaction comprising; Unmanned Aria! Vehicle or drone (9) for taking the plasma LASER assembly into the sky; high power plasma LASER equipment 1 ,3) for generating high voltage plasma LASER, pulse; G PS transreceiver (4,5) for locating UAV device precisely; autopilot control unit (6) to control the UAV equipment from ground using pre-programmed ground control software; different power supplies (7.8,22,23) to keep assembly functioning; command receiver (10) to receive the ground control commands and decode; mu ltiracial modem

. ( I I ) for modulation and demodulation; satellite telemetry ( 12) to facilitate, exact functioning; ^'Photo camera triggering unit ( 1 3) to capture images prec isely; and flight program executor ( 1 4) to control the UAV according to the commands received from the ground control unit. , in the system as claimed in claim 1 ,

a. Artificial rain making process is initiated by sending plasma LASER generator equipped UAV into the atmosphere between the sky to initiate endothermic reaction by generating h igh voltage plasma LASER l ight pulse in the clouds;

b. Lightning creates high temperature; at high temperature bonds of Nitrogen N₂(78%) arsd Oxygen 02(21 %) break out into excide N* and excide O* ;

c. These excide N* and excide O* react to each other and O arsd Oj are formed;

d. After NO and <¾ formation endothermic reactions take place causing large amount of heat energy getting absorbed from the surrounding atmospheric clouds which results in condensation; This constitutes preparation of water drops;

e, UAV is used ^'to create acceleration and turbulence which converts tiny water drop particles to heavy rain drops.

3. in the system as claimed in claim 1 , the plasma LASER generating system is fitted on UAV,

4. Irs the system as claimed in ciaim 1 , plasma LASER system equipped UAV is sent deep inside the clouds for l ight activation,

5. Sn the system as claimed in claim I , UAV is sent to sky to penetrate the LASER beam into the clouds and trigger eridothermic action ,

6. In the system as claimed in claim 3 , UAV positioned precisely into the moisture bearing clouds using GPS system .

7· !.n tiie_^s stem as_, claimed in claim 1 , high voltage plasma pulse is triggered,, deep inside the moisture bearing clouds.

8.■ In the system as claimed in claim 1 , UAV is designed to operate at manual instructions using joystick or auto guided using programmed to . operate according to pre-programrried ground control software.

9. In the system as claimed in claim 1 , high definition camera is fitted on UAV in order to grab real time images for decision making' at ground control centre.