WO2018160276A1 - Polymères produits par l'utilisation de complexes de métaux de transition quinolinyldiamido et d'agents de transfert de vinyle - Google Patents

Polymères produits par l'utilisation de complexes de métaux de transition quinolinyldiamido et d'agents de transfert de vinyle Download PDF

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WO2018160276A1
WO2018160276A1 PCT/US2018/013507 US2018013507W WO2018160276A1 WO 2018160276 A1 WO2018160276 A1 WO 2018160276A1 US 2018013507 W US2018013507 W US 2018013507W WO 2018160276 A1 WO2018160276 A1 WO 2018160276A1
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aluminum
group
borate
catalyst system
catalyst
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Jo Ann M. Canich
John R. Hagadorn
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Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64003—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof the metallic compound containing a multidentate ligand, i.e. a ligand capable of donating two or more pairs of electrons to form a coordinate or ionic bond
    • C08F4/64082—Tridentate ligand
    • C08F4/64141—Dianionic ligand
    • C08F4/64148—NN(R)N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F110/02—Ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65908—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an ionising compound other than alumoxane, e.g. (C6F5)4B-X+
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64—Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65912—Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound

Definitions

  • TITLE POLYMERS PRODUCED VIA USE OF QUINOLINYLDIAMIDO
  • the invention relates to the use of quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes and catalyst systems with an activator and a metal hydrocarbenyl chain transfer agent, such as an aluminum vinyl-transfer agent (A VTA).
  • a VTA aluminum vinyl-transfer agent
  • WO 2005/095469 shows catalyst compounds that use tridentate ligands through two nitrogen atoms (one amido and one pyridyl) and one oxygen atom.
  • US 2004/0220050 A 1 and WO 2007/067965 disclose complexes in which the ligand is coordinated in a tridentate fashion through two nitrogen (one amido and one pyridyl) and one carbon (aryl anion) donor.
  • a key step in the activation of these complexes is the insertion of an alkene into the metal-aryl bond of the catalyst precursor (Froese, R. D. J. et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, pp. 7831-7840) to form an active catalyst that has both a five-membered and a seven- membered chelate ring.
  • WO 2010/037059 discloses pyridine containing amines for use in pharmaceutical applications.
  • US 8,158,733 describes catalyst compositions featuring 2-(2-aryloxy)-8- anilinoquinoline, 2,8-bis(2-aryloxy)quinoline, and 2,8-bis(2-aryloxy)dihydroquinoline ligands that do not feature a tridentate NNN donor ligand.
  • US 2012/0016092 describes catalyst compositions containing 2-imino-8- anilinoquinoline and 2-aminoalkyl-8-anilinoquinoline ligands having a one-atom linker between the quinoline and the nitrogen donor at the 2-position of the quinoline ring.
  • US 2010/0227990 Al discloses ligands that bind to the metal center with a NNC donor set instead of an NNN or NNP donor set.
  • WO 2002/38628 A2 discloses ligands that bind to the metal center with a NNC donor set instead of an NNN or NNP donor set.
  • WO 2016/102690 discloses a process for preparation of a branched polyolefin using a metal hydrocarbyl transfer agent.
  • Dalton Transactions, 2013, 42, p. 1501 by Nifant'ev et al. describes catalyst compositions containing 2-aryl-8-arylaminoquinoline ligands that do not feature a tridentate NNN donor ligand.
  • US 7,973,116 describes catalyst compositions containing pyridyldiamide ligands, e.g., a pyridine-based ligand not a quinoline-based ligand.
  • US 2014/0256893 discloses the use of chain transfer agents, such as diethyl zinc, with transition metal pyridyldiamide catalysts in polymerization processes.
  • Macromolecules, 2002, 35, 6760-6762 discloses propene polymerization with tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, 7-octenyldiisobutylaluminum, and racMe2Si(2-Me- indenyl)2ZrCl2 or Ph2C(cyclopentadienyl)(fluorenyl)ZrCl2 to produce polypropylene with octenyldiisobutylaluminum incorporated as a comonomer.
  • references of interest also include: 1) Vaughan, A; Davis, D. S.; Hagadorn, J. R. in Comprehensive Polymer Science, Vol. 3, Chapter 20, "Industrial catalysts for alkene polymerization”; 2) Gibson, V. C; Spitzmesser, S. K. Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 283; 3) Britovsek, G. J. P.; Gibson, V. C; Wass, D. F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1999, 38, 428; 4) US 2011/021727; and 5) Zhang, et al., Tetrahedron, Vol. 69, No. 49, December 1, 2013, pages 10644-10652.
  • This invention relates to catalyst systems comprising an activator, metal hydrocarbenyl chain transfer agent (such as an aluminum vinyl-transfer agent), and single site catalyst complex, such as a quinolinyldiamido and related transition metal complexes represented by the Formula (I) or (II):
  • M is a Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 metal
  • J is a three-atom-length bridge between the quinoline and the amido nitrogen
  • E is selected from carbon, silicon, or germanium
  • X is an anionic leaving group
  • L is a neutral Lewis base
  • R 1 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, and silyl groups;
  • R 2 through R 12 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, substituted hydrocarbyls, halogen, and phosphino;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n 0, 1, or 2
  • n+m is not greater than 4.
  • any two adjacent R groups may be joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic ring, where the ring has 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings;
  • any two X groups may be joined together to form a dianionic group
  • any two L groups may be joined together to form a bidentate Lewis base
  • an X group may be joined to an L group to form a monoanionic bidentate group.
  • This invention further relates to catalyst systems comprising activator, transition metal catalyst complex represented by the Formula (I) or (II) above, and aluminum vinyl transfer agent represented by formula:
  • each R' independently, is a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group; each R", independently, is a C4-C20 hydrocarbenyl group having an end-vinyl group; and v is from 0.1 to 3.
  • This invention further relates to processes to produce the above catalyst systems and methods to polymerize olefins using the above catalyst systems.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of EP copolymers: wt.% propylene vs. polymer Mn for examples EP-13, 14, 15, 25, 27, 32, 37, 38, 39 (black markers) vs. comparative examples from 2015EM149, EP-13, 15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29 (gray markers).
  • Figure 2 is a graph of EP copolymers: Aluminum vinyl transfer agent (AVTA) concentration in micromoles vs. polymer Mn for examples EP-13 to EP-48 (black markers) vs. comparative examples from 2015EM149, EP-13 to EP-48 (gray markers).
  • AVTA Aluminum vinyl transfer agent
  • Figure 3 is a graph of EP copolymers: Aluminum vinyl transfer agent (AVTA) concentration in micromoles vs. polymer g'(vis) from GPC 3D for examples EP-13, 14, 15, 18, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 from Table 3 (black markers) vs. comparative examples from 2015EM149, EP-15, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 35, 39, 43, 45 from table 10 (gray markers).
  • AVTA Aluminum vinyl transfer agent
  • transition metal complexes and catalyst systems that include the transition metal complexes.
  • the term complex is used to describe molecules in which an ancillary ligand is coordinated to a central transition metal atom.
  • the ligand is bulky and stably bonded to the transition metal so as to maintain its influence during use of the catalyst, such as polymerization.
  • the ligand may be coordinated to the transition metal by covalent bond and/or electron donation coordination or intermediate bonds.
  • the transition metal complexes are generally subjected to activation to perform their polymerization or oligomerization function using an activator which is believed to create a cation as a result of the removal of an anionic group, often referred to as a leaving group, from the transition metal.
  • Catalyst productivity is a measure of how many grams of polymer (P) are produced using a polymerization catalyst comprising W g of catalyst (cat), over a period of time of T hours; and may be expressed by the following formula: P/(T x W) and expressed in units of gPgcaHhr 1 . Conversion is the amount of monomer that is converted to polymer product, and is reported as mol% and is calculated based on the polymer yield and the amount of monomer fed into the reactor. Catalyst activity is a measure of how active the catalyst is and is reported as the mass of product polymer (P) produced per mole of catalyst (cat) used (kgP/molcat).
  • an "olefin,” alternatively referred to as “alkene,” is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond.
  • alkene is a linear, branched, or cyclic compound of carbon and hydrogen having at least one double bond.
  • a copolymer when a copolymer is said to have an "ethylene" content of 35 wt% to 55 wt%, it is understood that the mer unit in the copolymer is derived from ethylene in the polymerization reaction and said derived units are present at 35 wt% to 55 wt%, based upon the weight of the copolymer.
  • a "polymer” has two or more of the same or different mer units.
  • a “homopolymer” is a polymer having mer units that are the same.
  • a “copolymer” is a polymer having two or more mer units that are different from each other.
  • a “terpolymer” is a polymer having three mer units that are different from each other.
  • ethylene polymer or "ethylene copolymer” is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mol% ethylene derived units
  • ethylene copolymer is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mol% propylene derived units
  • An oligomer is typically a polymer having a low molecular weight, such as an Mn of less than 25,000 g/mol, or in an embodiment less than 2,500 g/mol, or a low number of mer units, such as 75 mer units or less or 50 mer units or less.
  • An "ethylene polymer” or “ethylene copolymer” is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mol% ethylene derived units
  • a "propylene polymer” or “propylene copolymer” is a polymer or copolymer comprising at least 50 mol% propylene derived units, and so on.
  • ethylene shall be considered an a-olefin.
  • substituted means that a hydrogen group has been replaced with a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group.
  • a “substituted hydrocarbyl” is a radical made of carbon and hydrogen where at least one hydrogen is replaced by a heteroatom or heteroatom-containing group.
  • M n is number average molecular weight
  • M w is weight average molecular weight
  • M z is z average molecular weight
  • wt% is weight percent
  • mol% is mole percent.
  • Molecular weight distribution also referred to as polydispersity index (PDI)
  • PDI polydispersity index
  • dme is 1,2-dimethoxy ethane
  • Me is methyl
  • Ph is phenyl
  • Et is ethyl
  • Pr is propyl
  • iPr is isopropyl
  • n-Pr is normal propyl
  • Bu is butyl
  • cPR is cyclopropyl
  • iBu is isobutyl
  • tBu is tertiary butyl
  • p-tBu is para-tertiary butyl
  • nBu is normal butyl
  • sBu is sec -butyl
  • TMS is trimethylsilyl
  • TIBAL is triisobutylaluminum
  • TNOAL is tri(n-octyl)aluminum
  • MAO is methylalumoxane
  • p-Me is para-methyl
  • Ph is phenyl
  • Bn is benzyl (i.e., CfhPh)
  • THF
  • a “catalyst system” comprises at least one catalyst compound and at least one activator.
  • Catalyst system means the unactivated catalyst complex (pre-catalyst) together with an activator and, optionally, a co-activator.
  • combination after activation it means the activated complex and the activator or other charge-balancing moiety.
  • the transition metal compound may be neutral as in a pre-catalyst, or a charged species with a counter ion as in an activated catalyst system.
  • catalyst systems are described as comprising neutral stable forms of the components, it is well understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, that the ionic form of the component is the form that reacts with the monomers to produce polymers.
  • the catalyst may be described as a catalyst precursor, pre-catalyst compound, catalyst compound, transition metal complex, or transition metal compound, and these terms are used interchangeably.
  • a polymerization catalyst system is a catalyst system that can polymerize monomers to polymer.
  • An "anionic ligand” is a negatively charged ligand which donates one or more pairs of electrons to a metal ion.
  • a "neutral donor ligand” is a neutrally charged ligand which donates one or more pairs of electrons to a metal ion.
  • Activator and cocatalyst are also used interchangeably.
  • a scavenger is a compound that is typically added to facilitate polymerization by scavenging impurities. Some scavengers may also act as activators and may be referred to as co- activators. A co-activator, that is not a scavenger, may also be used in conjunction with an activator in order to form an active catalyst. In some embodiments a co-activator can be pre-mixed with the transition metal compound to form an alkylated transition metal compound.
  • Noncoordinating anion is defined to mean an anion either that does not coordinate to the catalyst metal cation or that does coordinate to the metal cation, but only weakly.
  • NCA is also defined to include multicomponent NCA-containing activators, such as ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, that contain an acidic cationic group and the non-coordinating anion.
  • NCA is also defined to include neutral Lewis acids, such as tris(pentafluorophenyl)boron, that can react with a catalyst to form an activated species by abstraction of an anionic group.
  • NCA coordinates weakly enough that a neutral Lewis base, such as an olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated monomer can displace it from the catalyst center.
  • a neutral Lewis base such as an olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated monomer can displace it from the catalyst center.
  • Any metal or metalloid that can form a compatible, weakly coordinating complex may be used or contained in the noncoordinating anion. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to, aluminum, gold, and platinum. Suitable metalloids include, but are not limited to, boron, aluminum, phosphorus, and silicon.
  • Activators containing non-coordinating anions can also be referred to as stoichiometric activators.
  • a stoichiometric activator can be either neutral or ionic.
  • the terms ionic activator and stoichiometric ionic activator can be used interchangeably.
  • neutral stoichiometric activator and Lewis acid activator can be used interchangeably.
  • non- coordinating anion activator includes neutral stoichiometric activators, ionic stoichiometric activators, ionic activators, and Lewis acid activators.
  • substituted means that a hydrogen group has been replaced with a hydrocarbyl group, a heteroatom, or a heteroatom-containing group.
  • methyl cyclopentadiene (Cp) is a Cp group substituted with a methyl group.
  • alkoxides include those where the alkyl group is a ⁇ to ⁇ Q hydrocarbyl.
  • the alkyl group may be straight chain, branched, or cyclic.
  • the alkyl group may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the alkyl group may comprise at least one aromatic group.
  • hydrocarbyl radical is defined to be C1-C100 radicals, that may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and when cyclic, aromatic or non-aromatic.
  • radicals include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-amyl, hexyl, octyl cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclooctyl, and the like including their substituted analogues.
  • Substituted hydrocarbyl radicals are radicals in which at least one hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbyl radical has been substituted with at least one halogen (such as Br, CI, F or I) or at least one functional group such as NR* 2 , OR*, SeR*, TeR*, PR* 2 , AsR* 2 , SbR* 2 , SR*, BR* 2 , SiR* 3 , GeR*3, SnR*3, PbR*3, and the like, or where at least one heteroatom has been inserted within a hydrocarbyl ring.
  • at least one hydrogen atom of the hydrocarbyl radical has been substituted with at least one halogen (such as Br, CI, F or I) or at least one functional group such as NR* 2 , OR*, SeR*, TeR*, PR* 2 , AsR* 2 , SbR* 2 , SR*, BR* 2 , SiR* 3 , GeR*3, SnR
  • alkenyl means a straight-chain, branched-chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical having one or more double bonds. These alkenyl radicals may, optionally, be substituted. Examples of suitable alkenyl radicals include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, propenyl, allyl, 1,4-butadienyl cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloctenyl, and the like, including their substituted analogues.
  • alkoxy or "alkoxide” means an alkyl ether or aryl ether radical wherein the term alkyl is as defined above.
  • suitable alkyl ether radicals include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, iso-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, sec- butoxy, tert-butoxy, phenoxyl, and the like.
  • aryl or "aryl group” means a six carbon aromatic ring and the substituted variants thereof, including but not limited to, phenyl, 2-methyl-phenyl, xylyl, 4- bromo-xylyl.
  • heteroaryl means an aryl group where a ring carbon atom (or two or three ring carbon atoms) has been replaced with a heteroatom, preferably N, O, or S.
  • aromatic also refers to pseudoaromatic heterocycles which are heterocyclic substituents that have similar properties and structures (nearly planar) to aromatic heterocyclic ligands, but are not by definition aromatic; likewise the term aromatic also refers to substituted aromatics.
  • isomers of a named alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxide, or aryl group exist (e.g., n- butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl) reference to one member of the group (e.g., n- butyl) shall expressly disclose the remaining isomers (e.g., iso-butyl, sec-butyl, and tert- butyl) in the family.
  • alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxide, or aryl group without specifying a particular isomer (e.g., butyl) expressly discloses all isomers (e.g., n-butyl, iso- butyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl).
  • ring atom means an atom that is part of a cyclic ring structure.
  • a benzyl group has six ring atoms and tetrahydrofuran has 5 ring atoms.
  • a heterocyclic ring is a ring having a heteroatom in the ring structure as opposed to a heteroatom substituted ring where a hydrogen on a ring atom is replaced with a heteroatom.
  • tetrahydrofuran is a heterocyclic ring and 4-N,N-dimethylamino- phenyl is a heteroatom substituted ring.
  • continuous means a system that operates without interruption or cessation.
  • a continuous process to produce a polymer would be one where the reactants are continually introduced into one or more reactors and polymer product is continually withdrawn.
  • a solution polymerization means a polymerization process in which the polymer is dissolved in a liquid polymerization medium, such as an inert solvent or monomer(s) or their blends.
  • a solution polymerization is typically homogeneous.
  • a homogeneous polymerization is one where the polymer product is dissolved in the polymerization medium.
  • Such systems are preferably not turbid as described in J. Vladimir Oliveira, C. Dariva and J. C. Pinto, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 29, 2000, 4627.
  • a bulk polymerization means a polymerization process in which the monomers and/or comonomers being polymerized are used as a solvent or diluent using little or no inert solvent as a solvent or diluent.
  • a small fraction of inert solvent might be used as a carrier for catalyst and scavenger.
  • a bulk polymerization system contains less than 25 wt% of inert solvent or diluent, preferably less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 1 wt%, preferably 0 wt%.
  • This invention relates to catalyst systems comprising a quinolinyldiamide transition metal complex represented by the formula (I) or (II), an activator (such as an alumoxane or a non-coordinating anion), and metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent, typically represented by the formula: Al(R' )3- v (R" )v , wherein each R' , independently, is a ⁇ to C30 hydrocarbyl group; each R", independently, is a C 4 to C20 hydrocarbenyl group having an allyl chain end; v is from 0.01 to 3 (such as 1 or 2).
  • a quinolinyldiamide transition metal complex represented by the formula (I) or (II)
  • an activator such as an alumoxane or a non-coordinating anion
  • metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent typically represented by the formula: Al(R' )3- v (R" )v , wherein each R' , independently, is a ⁇
  • the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent is an aluminum vinyl-transfer agent (A VTA) represented by the formula: Al(R' )3-v(R)v with R defined as a hydrocarbenyl group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms and featuring an allyl chain end, R' defined as a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and v defined as 0.1 to 3 (such as 1 or 2).
  • a VTA aluminum vinyl-transfer agent represented by the formula: Al(R' )3-v(R)v with R defined as a hydrocarbenyl group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms and featuring an allyl chain end, R' defined as a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and v defined as 0.1 to 3 (such as 1 or 2).
  • the catalyst/activator combinations are formed by combining the transition metal complex with activators in any manner known from the literature, including by supporting them for use in slurry or gas phase polymerization.
  • the catalyst/activator combinations may also be added to or generated in solution polymerization or bulk polymerization (in the monomer).
  • the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent preferably an aluminum vinyl transfer agent
  • the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent may be added to the catalyst and or activator before, during or after the activation of the catalyst complex or before or during polymerization.
  • the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent preferably the aluminum vinyl-transfer agent
  • the polymer produced from the polymerization using the catalyst systems described herein preferably contains at least one allyl chain end. Ethylene homopolymers and copolymers are particularly preferred products. If the catalyst complex chosen is also capable of incorporating bulky alkene monomers, such as Cg to C20 alpha olefins, into the growing polymer chain, then the resulting polymer (typically an ethylene copolymer) may contain long chain branches formed by the insertion of an allyl terminated polymer chain formed in situ (also referred to as a "vinyl-terminated macromonomer”) into the growing polymer chains.
  • the catalyst complex chosen is also capable of incorporating bulky alkene monomers, such as Cg to C20 alpha olefins, into the growing polymer chain, then the resulting polymer (typically an ethylene copolymer) may contain long chain branches formed by the insertion of an allyl terminated polymer chain formed in situ (also referred to as a "vinyl-terminated macro
  • Process conditions including residence time, the ratio of monomer to polymer in the reactor, and the ratio of transfer agent to polymer will affect the amount of long chain branching in the polymer, the average length of branches, and the type of branching observed.
  • branching types may be formed, which include comb architectures and branch on branch structures similar to those found in low-density polyethylene.
  • the combination of chain growth and vinyl-group insertion may lead to polymer with a branched structure and having one or fewer vinyl unsaturations per polymer molecule.
  • the absence of significant quantities of individual polymer molecules containing greater than one vinyl unsaturation prevents or reduces the formation of unwanted crosslinked polymers.
  • Polymers having long chain branching typically have a g'vis of 0.90 or less, alternately 0.85 or less, alternately 0.80 or less, alternately 0.75 or less, alternately 0.70 or less, alternately 0.60 or less.
  • the catalyst chosen is poor at incorporating comonomers such as C2 to C20 alpha olefins, then the polymer obtained is largely linear (little or no long chain branching).
  • process conditions including the ratio of transfer agent to polymer will affect the molecular weight of the polymer.
  • Polymers having little or no long chain branching typically have a g'vis of more than 0.90, alternately 0.95 or more, alternately 0.98 or more.
  • Alkene polymerizations and co-polymerizations using one or more transfer agents, such as an AVTA, with two or more catalysts are also of potential use. Desirable products that may be accessed with this approach includes polymers that have branch block structures and/or high levels of long-chain branching.
  • the transfer agent to catalyst complex equivalence ratio can be from about 1:100 to 500,000:1.
  • the molar ratio of transfer agent to catalyst complex is greater than one.
  • the molar ratio of transfer agent to catalyst complex is greater than 30.
  • the AVTA to catalyst complex equivalence ratio can be from about 1:100 to 500,000:1.
  • the molar ratio of AVTA to catalyst complex is greater than one. More preferred, the molar ratio of AVTA to catalyst complex is greater than 30.
  • the AVTA can also be used in combination with other chain transfer agents that are typically used as scavengers, such as trialkyl aluminum compounds (where the alkyl groups are selected from ⁇ to C20 alkyl groups, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, or an isomer thereof).
  • the ATVA can be used in combination with a trialkyl aluminum compound such as tri-n- octylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum.
  • the transfer agent can also be used in combination with oxygen-containing organoaluminums such as bis(diisobutylaluminum)oxide, MMAO-3A, and other alumoxanes. Certain of these oxygen-containing organoaluminums are expected to serve as scavengers while remaining significantly less prone to hydrocarbyl group chain-transfer than typical organoaluminums, such as trimethylaluminum or tri(n-octyl)aluminum.
  • oxygen-containing organoaluminums such as bis(diisobutylaluminum)oxide, MMAO-3A, and other alumoxanes.
  • Z is a group from the reaction with the electrophile
  • n is an integer, such as from 1 to 1,000,000, alternately from 2 to 50,000, alternately from 10 to 25,000.
  • quenching with oxygen yields a polymer functionalized at one end with a hydroxy group and at the other end with a vinyl group.
  • Quenching with bromine yields a polymer functionalized at one end with a Br group and at the other end with a vinyl group.
  • Functional group terminated polymers can also be produced using functional group transfer agents (FGTA).
  • FGTA functional group transfer agents
  • the FGTA is represented by the formula M FGTA (R')3- V (FG) V , with R' and v defined as above, M FGTA a group 13 element (such as B or Al), and with FG defined as a group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a functional group Z.
  • M FGTA R')3- V (FG) V
  • FG a group 13 element (such as B or Al)
  • FG defined as a group containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms and a functional group Z.
  • the choice of FG is such that it is compatible with the catalyst system being used.
  • Preferred Z groups include, but are not limited to, non- vinyl olefinic groups such as vinylidene, vinylene or trisubstituted olefins, cyclics containing unsaturation such as cyclohexene, cyclooctene, vinyl cyclohexene, aromatics, ethers, and metal-capped alkoxides.
  • non- vinyl olefinic groups such as vinylidene, vinylene or trisubstituted olefins
  • cyclics containing unsaturation such as cyclohexene, cyclooctene, vinyl cyclohexene, aromatics, ethers, and metal-capped alkoxides.
  • the polymer product of this invention are of the formula: where n is from 2 to 18, preferably from 6 to 14, more preferably 6, and where "polymer" is the attached polymeryl chain.
  • Polymers of this formula are particularly well suited in making branch polymer combs.
  • the polymer combs can be made by any number of methods. One method would be to use a catalyst system to make the vinyl terminated polymer, and then use a second catalyst system to incorporate the vinyl terminated polymer into a polymer backbone made from the second catalyst. This can be done sequentially in one reactor by first making the vinyl terminated polymer and then adding a second catalyst and, optionally, different monomer feeds in the same reactor.
  • the vinyl terminated polymer can be a soft material, as in an ethylene propylene copolymer (such as ethylene propylene copolymer rubber), low density polyethylene, or a polypropylene, or a harder material, as in an isotactic polypropylene, high density polyethylene, or other polyethylene.
  • an ethylene propylene copolymer such as ethylene propylene copolymer rubber
  • low density polyethylene or a polypropylene
  • a harder material as in an isotactic polypropylene, high density polyethylene, or other polyethylene.
  • the polymer backbone of the comb be hard; if the vinyl terminated polymer is hard, it is preferred that the polymer backbone of the comb be soft; however, any combination of polymer structures and types can be used.
  • the vinyl-terminated polymers (VTPs) of this invention are of formula: where n is from 2 to 18, preferably from 6 to 14, more preferably 6 to 8, preferably 6 or 8, and where "polymer" is the attached polymeryl chain.
  • VTPs of this formula are particularly well suited in making branch block polymers.
  • the branch block polymers can be made by any number of methods. One method involves using the same catalyst that is used to make the VTP, and then changing polymerization conditions (such as, but not limited to, by changing monomer composition and/or type and/or the amount or presence of AVTA) in the same or different reactor (such as two or more reactors in series). In this case, the branch will have a different polymeric composition vs.
  • Another method would be to use a catalyst system to make the VTP, then use a second catalyst system to incorporate the VTPs into a polymer backbone made from the second catalyst. This can be done sequentially in one reactor by first making the VTP and then adding a second catalyst and, optionally, different monomer feeds in the same reactor. Alternatively, two reactors in series can be used where the first reactor is used to make the VTP which flows into a second reactor in series having the second catalyst and, optionally, different monomer feeds.
  • the branched block polymers can be of any composition; however, typically, a combination of soft and hard polymers (relative to one another) are preferred.
  • an iPP VTP could be produced in a reactor, and then ethylene added to the existing propylene feed to make a rubber EP that would have iPP branches.
  • an iPP VTP could be produced in a first reactor, and then sent to a second reactor containing ethylene (or additional ethylene for a propylene ethylene copolymer and, optionally, additional propylene monomer (and the same or different catalyst) to make a rubber EP that would have iPP branches (or propylene ethylene copolymer branches).
  • Useful metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agents are typically present at from 10 or 20 or 50 or 100 equivalents to 600 or 700 or 800 or 1000 equivalents relative to the catalyst complex. Alternately, the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agents are present at a catalyst complex-to-transfer agent molar ratio of from about 1:3000 to 10: 1; alternatively 1:2000 to 10:1; alternatively 1:1000 to 10:1; alternatively, 1:500 to 1:1; alternatively 1:300 to 1:1; alternatively 1:200 to 1:1; alternatively
  • the aluminum vinyl transfer agent is present at a catalyst complex-to-aluminum vinyl transfer agent molar ratio of from about 1:3000 to 10:1; alternatively 1:2000 to 10:1; alternatively 1:1000 to 10: 1; alternatively, 1:500 to 1:1; alternatively 1:300 to 1:1; alternatively 1:200 to 1:1; alternatively 1:100 to 1:1; alternatively 1:50 to 1:1; alternatively 1:10 to 1:1, alternately from 1 : 1000 or more.
  • Transition metal complexes useful herein include quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes where a three-atom linker is used between the quinoline and the nitrogen donor in the 2-position of the quinoline ring. This has been found to be an important aspect because the use of the three-atom linker is believed to yield a metal complex with a seven- membered chelate ring that is not coplanar with the other five-membered chelate ring. The resulting complex is thought to be effectively chiral (Ci symmetry), even when there are no permanent stereocenters present. This is a desirable catalyst feature, for example, for the production of isotactic polyolefins.
  • Transition metal complexes useful herein include quinolinyldiamido transition metal complexes represented by Formula (I), preferably by Formula (II):
  • M is a Group 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 metal (preferably a group 4 metal);
  • J is group comprising a three- atom-length bridge between the quinoline and the amido nitrogen, preferably a group containing up to 50 non-hydrogen atoms;
  • E is carbon, silicon, or germanium
  • X is an anionic leaving group, (such as a hydrocarbyl group or a halogen);
  • L is a neutral Lewis base
  • R 1 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, and silyl groups;
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, substituted hydrocarbyl, halogen, or phosphino;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n 0, 1, or 2
  • n+m is not greater than 4.
  • any two adjacent R groups may be joined to form a substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, substituted heterocyclic ring, or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring, where the ring has 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings;
  • any two X groups may be joined together to form a dianionic group; any two L groups may be joined together to form a bidentate Lewis base; and
  • any X group may be joined to an L group to form a monoanionic bidentate group.
  • M is a Group 4 metal, such as zirconium or hafnium.
  • J is an aromatic substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl (preferably a hydrocarbyl) having from 3 to 30 non-hydrogen atoms, preferably J is re resented by the formula:
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and E are as defined above, and any two adjacent R groups (e.g., R 7 & R 8 , R 8 & R 9 , R 9 & R 10 , R 10 & R 11 , etc.) may be joined to form a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl or heterocyclic ring, where the ring has 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring atoms (preferably 5 or 6 atoms), and said ring may be saturated or unsaturated (such as partially unsaturated or aromatic), preferably J is an arylalkyl (such as arylmethyl, etc.) or dihydro-lH- indenyl, or tetrahydronaphthalenyl group.
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , and E are as defined above, and any two adjacent R groups (e.g., R 7 & R 8 , R 8
  • E is carbon
  • X is alkyl (such as alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and isomers thereof), aryl, hydride, alkylsilane, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, triflate, carboxylate, amido (such as NMe2), or alkylsulfonate.
  • alkyl such as alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and isomers thereof
  • aryl hydride
  • alkylsilane fluoride
  • chloride bromide
  • iodide triflate
  • carboxylate
  • L is an ether, amine or thioether.
  • R 10 and R 11 are joined to form a five-membered ring with the joined R 10 R n group being -CH2CH2-.
  • R 10 and R 11 are joined to form a six-membered ring with the joined R 10 R n group being -CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • R 1 and R 13 may be independently selected from phenyl groups that are variously substituted with between zero to five substituents that include F, CI, Br, I, CF 3 , NO2, alkoxy, dialkylamino, aryl, and alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and isomers thereof.
  • M is a Group 4 metal (preferably hafnium);
  • E is selected from carbon, silicon, or germanium (preferably carbon);
  • X is an alkyl, aryl, hydride, alkylsilane, fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, triflate, carboxylate, amido, alkoxo, or alkylsulfonate;
  • L is an ether, amine, or thioether
  • R 1 and R 13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, and silyl groups (preferably aryl);
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , and R 12 are independently hydrogen, hydrocarbyl, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, substituted hydrocarbyls, halogen, and phosphino;
  • n 1 or 2;
  • n 0, 1, or 2;
  • n+m is from 1 to 4.
  • two X groups may be joined together to form a dianionic group
  • an X group may be joined to an L group to form a monoanionic bidentate group
  • R 10 and R 11 may be joined to form a ring (preferably a five-membered ring with the joined R 10 R n group being -CH2CH2-, a six-membered ring with the joined R 10 R n group being - [0082]
  • R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amino, and silyl, and wherein adjacent R groups (R 4 & R 5 and/or R 5 & R 6 ) may be joined to form a substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic ring or substituted heterocyclic ring, where the ring has 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings.
  • R 7 R 8 R 9 , and R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, substituted hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, halogen, amino, and silyl, and wherein adjacent R groups (R 7 & R 8 , and/or R 9 & R 10 ) may be joined to form a saturated, substituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted hydrocarbyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic ring or substituted heterocyclic ring, where the ring has 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring carbon atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings.
  • R 2 and R 3 are each, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, and substituted hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, halogen, and phosphino, R 2 and R 3 may be joined to form a saturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl ring, where the ring has 4, 5, 6, or 7 ring carbon atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings, or R 2 and R 3 may be joined to form a saturated heterocyclic ring, or a saturated substituted heterocyclic ring where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings.
  • R 1 1 and R 12 are each, independently, selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, and substituted hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, silyl, amino, aryloxy, halogen, and phosphino, R 11 and R 12 may be joined to form a saturated, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl ring, where the ring has 4, 5, 6, or 7 ring carbon atoms and where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings, or R 1 1 and R 12 may be joined to form a saturated heterocyclic ring, or a saturated substituted heterocyclic ring where substitutions on the ring can join to form additional rings.
  • R 1 and R 13 may be independently selected from phenyl groups that are variously substituted with between zero to five substituents that include F, CI, Br, I, CF 3 , NO2, alkoxy, dialkylamino, aryl, and alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbons, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, and isomers thereof.
  • preferred R ⁇ -E-R 11 groups include CH 2 , CMe2, SiMe 2 , SiEt 2 , SiPr 2 , SiBu 2 , SiPh 2 , Si(aryl) 2 , Si(alkyl) 2 , CH(aryl), CH(Ph), CH(alkyl), and CH(2-isopropylphenyl), where alkyl is a C j to C 4 Q alkyl group (preferably ⁇ to C 2 Q alkyl, preferably one or more of methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and isomers thereof), aryl is a C5 to C 4 Q aryl group (preferably a Cg to C 2 Q aryl group, preferably phenyl or substituted phenyl, preferably
  • the R groups above and other R groups mentioned hereafter contain from 1 to 30, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, especially from 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • M is Ti, Zr, or Hf
  • E is carbon, with Zr or Hf based complexes being especially preferred.
  • E is carbon and R 12 and R 11 are independently selected from phenyl groups that are substituted with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 substituents selected from the group consisting of F, CI, Br, I, CF 3 , N0 2 , alkoxy, dialkylamino, hydrocarbyl, and substituted hydrocarbyl groups with from one to ten carbons.
  • R 11 and R 12 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, phenyl, isopropyl, isobutyl, and trimethylsilyl.
  • R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, phenyl, cyclohexyl, fluoro, chloro, methoxy, ethoxy, phenoxy, and trimethylsilyl.
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydrocarbyls, alkoxy, silyl, amino, substituted hydrocarbyls, and halogen.
  • each L is independently selected from Et20, MeOtBu, Et 3 N, PhNMe2, MePh2N, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethylsulfide.
  • each X is independently selected from methyl, benzyl, trimethylsilyl, neopentyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, phenyl, hydrido, chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo, dimethylamido, diethylamide, dipropylamido, and diisopropylamido.
  • R 1 is 2,6- diisopropylphenyl, 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl, 2,6-diisopropyl-4-methylphenyl, 2,6- diethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-6-isopropylphenyl, 2,6-bis(3-pentyl)phenyl, 2,6-dicyclopentylphenyl, or 2,6-dicyclohexylphenyl.
  • R 13 is phenyl, 2- methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-propylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 4- methylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl, or 2-phenylphenyl.
  • R 1 is 2,6- diisopropylphenyl and R 13 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms.
  • the quinolinyldiamine ligands described herein are generally prepared in multiple steps.
  • the main step in the synthesis of the quinolinyldiamine ligand is the carbon-carbon bond coupling step shown below in Scheme 1, wherein fragment 1 and fragment 2 are joined together in a transition metal mediated reaction.
  • the coupling step involves the use of Pd(PPh3) 4 , but other transition metal catalysts (e.g., Ni or Cu containing complexes) are also useful for this type of coupling reaction.
  • the W* and Y* groups used were a boronic acid ester and a halide, respectively.
  • W* and Y* groups of interest include alkali metal (e.g., Li), alkaline earth metal halide (e.g., MgBr), zinc halide (e.g., ZnCl), zincate, halide, and triflate.
  • alkali metal e.g., Li
  • alkaline earth metal halide e.g., MgBr
  • zinc halide e.g., ZnCl
  • zincate halide
  • triflate triflate.
  • One method for the preparation of transition metal quinolinyldiamide complexes is by reaction of the quinolinyldiamine ligand with a metal reactant containing anionic basic leaving groups.
  • anionic basic leaving groups include dialkylamido, benzyl, phenyl, hydrido, and methyl.
  • the role of the basic leaving group is to deprotonate the quinolinyldiamine ligand.
  • Hf(NMe2)4 is reacted with a quinolinyldiamine ligand at elevated temperatures to form the quinolinyldiamide complex with the formation of two molar equivalents of dimethylamine, which is lost or removed before the quinolinyldiamide complex is isolated.
  • a second method for the preparation of transition metal quinolinyldiamide complexes is by reaction of the quinolinyldiamine ligand with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base (e.g., BuLi, EtMgBr) to deprotonate the ligand, followed by reaction with a metal halide (e.g., HfCl 4 , ZrCl 4 ).
  • an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal base e.g., BuLi, EtMgBr
  • a metal halide e.g., HfCl 4 , ZrCl 4
  • Quinolinyldiamide (QDA) metal complexes that contain metal-halide, alkoxide, or amido leaving groups may be alkylated by reaction with organolithium, Grignard, and organoaluminum reagents as shown in Scheme 2. In the alkylation reaction the alkyl groups are transferred to the QDA metal center and the leaving groups are removed.
  • R 1 through R 13 and E are as described above and X* is a halide, alkoxide, or dialkylamido leaving group.
  • Reagents typically used for the alkylation reaction include, but are not limited to, MeLi, MeMgBr, Me 2 Mg, AlMe 3 , AliBu 3 , A10ct 3 , and PhCH 2 MgCl. Typically 2 to 20 molar equivalents of the alkylating reagent are added to the QDA complex.
  • the alkylations are generally performed in ethereal or hydrocarbon solvents or solvent mixtures at temperatures typically ranging from -80°C to 70°C.
  • the transition metal complex is not a metallocene.
  • a metallocene catalyst is defined as an organometallic compound with at least one ⁇ -bound cyclopentadienyl moiety (or substituted cyclopentadienyl moiety) and more frequently two ⁇ -bound cyclopentadienyl moieties or substituted cyclopentadienyl moieties.
  • the catalyst systems typically comprise a transition metal complex as described above and an activator such as alumoxane or a non-coordinating anion. Activation may be performed using alumoxane solution including methyl alumoxane, referred to as MAO, as well as modified MAO, referred to herein as MMAO, containing some higher alkyl groups to improve the solubility.
  • MAO methyl alumoxane
  • MMAO modified MAO
  • Particularly useful MAO can be purchased from Albemarle, typically in a 10 wt% solution in toluene.
  • the catalyst system employed in the present invention may use an activator selected from alumoxanes, such as methyl alumoxane, modified methyl alumoxane, ethyl alumoxane, iso-butyl alumoxane, and the like.
  • alumoxanes such as methyl alumoxane, modified methyl alumoxane, ethyl alumoxane, iso-butyl alumoxane, and the like.
  • the complex-to-activator molar ratio is from about 1 :3000 to 10: 1; alternatively 1:2000 to 10: 1 ; alternatively 1: 1000 to 10: 1; alternatively, 1:500 to 1: 1 ; alternatively 1 :300 to 1: 1; alternatively 1 :200 to 1 : 1; alternatively 1 : 100 to 1: 1; alternatively 1 :50 to 1 : 1; alternatively 1: 10 to 1: 1.
  • the activator is an alumoxane (modified or unmodified)
  • some embodiments select the maximum amount of activator at a 5000-fold molar excess over the catalyst precursor (per metal catalytic site).
  • the preferred minimum activator-to-complex ratio is 1: 1 molar ratio.
  • NCA non-coordinating anions
  • NCA's non-coordinating anions
  • NCA may be added in the form of an ion pair using, for example, [DMAHJ+ [NCA]- in which the N,N- dimethylanilinium (DMAH) cation reacts with a basic leaving group on the transition metal complex to form a transition metal complex cation and [NCA]-.
  • the cation in the precursor may, alternatively, be trityl.
  • the transition metal complex may be reacted with a neutral NCA precursor, such as B(C 6 F5)3, which abstracts an anionic group from the complex to form an activated species.
  • Useful activators include N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl)borate (i.e., [PhNMe2H]B(C6Fs)4) and N,N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (heptafluoronaphthyl)borate, where Ph is phenyl, and Me is methyl.
  • activators useful herein include those described in US 7,247,687 at column 169, line 50 to column 174, line 43, particularly column 172, line 24 to column 173, line 53.
  • non-coordinating anion activator is represented by the following formula (1):
  • Z is (L-H) or a reducible Lewis acid
  • L is a neutral Lewis base
  • H is hydrogen and (L-H) + is a Bronsted acid
  • a ⁇ - is a non-coordinating anion having the charge d-
  • d is an integer from 1 to 3.
  • the cation component may include Bronsted acids such as protonated Lewis bases capable of protonating a moiety, such as an alkyl or aryl, from the catalyst precursor, resulting in a cationic transition metal species, or the activating cation (L-H)d + is a Bronsted acid, capable of donating a proton to the catalyst precursor resulting in a transition metal cation, including ammoniums, oxoniums, phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof, or ammoniums of methylamine, aniline, dimethylamine, diethylamine, N-methylaniline, diphenylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylaniline, methyldiphenylamine, pyridine, p-bromo N,N- dimethylaniline, p-nitro-N,N-di
  • Z is a reducible Lewis acid
  • it may be represented by the formula: (Ar3C + ), where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, or a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl
  • the reducible Lewis acid may be represented by the formula: (Pli3C + ), where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with a heteroatom, and/or a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl.
  • the reducible Lewis acid is triphenyl carbenium.
  • Embodiments of the anion component Ad include those having the formula
  • Each Q may be a fluorinated hydrocarbyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or each Q is a fluorinated aryl radical, or each Q is a pentafluoryl aryl radical.
  • suitable Ad- components also include diboron compounds as disclosed in US 5,447,895, which is fully incorporated herein by reference.
  • This invention also relates to a method to polymerize olefins comprising contacting olefins (such as propylene) with a catalyst complex as described above and an NCA activator represented by the Formula (2):
  • R is a monoanionic ligand
  • M** is a Group 13 metal or metalloid
  • ArNHal is a halogenated, nitrogen-containing aromatic ring, polycyclic aromatic ring, or aromatic ring assembly in which two or more rings (or fused ring systems) are joined directly to one another or together
  • n is 0, 1, 2, or 3.
  • the NCA comprising an anion of Formula 2 also comprises a suitable cation that is essentially non-interfering with the ionic catalyst complexes formed with the transition metal compounds, or the cation is Zd + as described above.
  • R is selected from the group consisting of ⁇ to C30 hydrocarbyl radicals.
  • C ⁇ to C30 hydrocarbyl radicals may be substituted with one or more ⁇ to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals, halide, hydrocarbyl substituted organometalloid, dialkylamido, alkoxy, aryloxy, alkysulfido, arylsulfido, alkylphosphido, arylphosphide, or other anionic substituent; fluoride; bulky alkoxides, where bulky means C 4 to C20 hydrocarbyl radicals; — SRa, — NRa2, and -PRa2, where each Ra is independently a monovalent C 4 to C20 hydrocarbyl radical comprising a molecular volume greater than or equal to the molecular volume of an isopropyl substitution or a C 4 to C20
  • the NCA also comprises cation comprising a reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Ar3C + ), where Ar is aryl or aryl substituted with a heteroatom, and/or a ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyl, or the reducible Lewis acid represented by the formula: (Pli3C + ), where Ph is phenyl or phenyl substituted with one or more heteroatoms, and/or C ⁇ to C 4 Q hydrocarbyls.
  • the NCA may also comprise a cation represented by the formula,
  • L-H (L-H)d + , wherein L is a neutral Lewis base; H is hydrogen; (L-H) is a Bronsted acid; and d is
  • (L-H)d + is a Bronsted acid selected from ammoniums, oxoniums, phosphoniums, silyliums, and mixtures thereof.
  • an activator useful herein comprises a salt of a cationic oxidizing agent and a noncoordinating, compatible anion represented by the Formula (3):
  • OX e+ is a cationic oxidizing agent having a charge of e+; e is 1, 2, or 3; d is 1, 2, or
  • a d" is a non-coordinating anion having the charge of d- (as further described above).
  • cationic oxidizing agents include: ferrocenium, hydrocarbyl- substituted ferrocenium, Ag + , or Pb+ ⁇ .
  • Suitable embodiments of A ⁇ " include tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate.
  • Activators useful in catalyst systems herein include: trimethylammonium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, ⁇ , ⁇ -diethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, trimethylammonium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylanilinium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, and the types disclosed in US 7,297,653, which is fully incorporated by reference herein.
  • Suitable activators also include:
  • the activator comprises a triaryl carbonium (such as triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis-(2,3 ,4,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluoronaphthyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(perfluorobiphenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate).
  • a triaryl carbonium such as triphenylcarbenium tetraphenylborate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, triphenylcarbenium tetrakis-(2,3 ,4,6
  • two NCA activators may be used in the polymerization and the molar ratio of the first NCA activator to the second NCA activator can be any ratio.
  • the molar ratio of the first NCA activator to the second NCA activator is 0.01:1 to 10,000:1, or 0.1:1 to 1000:1, or 1:1 to 100:1.
  • the NCA activator-to-catalyst ratio is a 1:1 molar ratio, or 0.1:1 to 100:1, or 0.5:1 to 200:1, or 1:1 to 500:1 or 1:1 to 1000:1. In an embodiment, the NCA activator-to-catalyst ratio is 0.5:1 to 10:1, or 1:1 to 5:1.
  • the catalyst compounds can be combined with combinations of alumoxanes and NCA's (see for example, US 5,153,157; US 5,453,410; EP 0573 120 Bl; WO 94/07928; and WO 95/14044 which discuss the use of an alumoxane in combination with an ionizing activator, all of which are incorporated by reference herein).
  • the complex-to-activator molar ratio is typically from 1:10 to 1:1; 1:10 to 10:1; 1:10 to 2:1; 1:10 to 3:1; 1:10 to 5:1; 1:2 to 1.2:1; 1:2 to 10:1; 1:2 to 2:1; 1:2 to 3:1; 1:2 to 5:1; 1:3 to 1.2:1; 1:3 to 10:1; 1:3 to 2:1; 1:3 to 3:1; 1:3 to 5:1; 1:5 to 1:1; 1:5 to 10:1; 1:5 to 2:1; 1:5 to 3:1; 1:5 to 5:1; 1:1 to 1:1.2.
  • a co-activator or chain transfer agent such as a group 1, 2, or 13 organometallic species (e.g., an alkyl aluminum compound such as tri-n-octyl aluminum), may also be used in the catalyst system herein.
  • the complex-to-co-activator molar ratio is from 1:100 to 100:1; 1:75 to 75:1; 1:50 to 50:1; 1:25 to 25:1; 1:15 to 15:1; 1:10 to 10:1; 1:5 to 5:1; 1:2 to 2:1; 1:100 to 1:1; 1:75 to 1:1; 1:50 to 1:1; 1:25 to 1:1; 1:15 to 1:1; 1:10 to 1:1; 1:5 to 1:1; 1:2 to 1:1; 1:10 to 2:1.
  • the catalyst systems described herein further comprise a metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent (which is any group 12 or 13 metal agent that contains at least one transferrable group that has an allyl chain end), preferably an aluminum vinyl-transfer agent, also referred to as an AVTA, (which is any aluminum agent that contains at least one transferrable group that has an allyl chain end).
  • a metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent which is any group 12 or 13 metal agent that contains at least one transferrable group that has an allyl chain end
  • AVTA aluminum vinyl-transfer agent
  • "Allylic vinyl group,” “allyl chain end,” “vinyl chain end,” “vinyl termination,” “allylic vinyl group,” “terminal vinyl group,” and “vinyl terminated” are used interchangeably herein and refer to an allyl chain end.
  • An allyl chain end is not a vinylidene chain end or a vinylene chain end.
  • the number of allyl chain ends, vinylidene chain ends, vinylene chain ends, and other unsaturated chain ends is determined using NMR at 120°C using deuterated tetrachloroethane as the solvent on an at least 250 MHz NMR spectrometer.
  • R* represents a hydrocarbyl group or a substituted hydrocarbyl group, such as a ⁇ to C 2 Q alkyl, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, or an isomer thereof.
  • the catalyst undergoes alkyl group transfer with the transfer agent, which enables the formation of polymer chains containing one or more allyl chain ends.
  • Useful transferable groups are preferably non-substituted linear hydrocarbeneyl groups.
  • R**
  • hydrocarbeneyl refers to a hydrocarb-di-yl divalent group, such as a C ⁇ to C20 alkylene (i.e., methylene (CH2), ethylene [(03 ⁇ 4)2] > propandiyl [(0 ⁇ 2)3], butandiyl [(012)4], pentandiyl [( 3 ⁇ 4)5], hexandiyl [(03 ⁇ 4)6], heptandiyl [( 3 ⁇ 4)7], octandiyl [(CH2)g], nonandiyl [(0 ⁇ 2)9], decandiyl [(CH2)ioL undecandiyl [(CH2)nL dodecandiyl [(CH2)i2L and isomers thereof).
  • a C ⁇ to C20 alkylene i.e., methylene (CH2), ethylene [(03 ⁇ 4)2] > propandiyl [(0 ⁇ 2)3], butandiyl [(012)4], pentand
  • AVTA's are alkenylaluminum reagents capable of causing group exchange between the transition metal of the catalyst system (MTM) and the metal of the AVTA (M AVTA ). The reverse reaction may also occur such that the polymeryl chain is transferred back to the transition metal of the catalyst system.
  • Catalyst systems of this invention preferably have high rates of olefin propagation and negligible or no chain termination via beta hydride elimination, beta methyl elimination, or chain transfer to monomer relative to the rate of chain transfer to the AVTA or other chain transfer agent, such as an aluminum alkyl, if present.
  • the catalyst system comprises an aluminum vinyl transfer agent, which is typically represented by the formula (A):
  • R is a hydrocarbenyl group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms having an allyl chain end
  • R' is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms
  • v is 0.1 to 3, alternately 1 to 3, alternately 1.1 to less than 3, alternately v is 0.5 to 2.9, 1.1 to 2.9, alternately 1.5 to 2.7, alternately 1.5 to 2.5, alternately 1.8 to 2.2.
  • the compounds represented by the formula Al(R')3-v(R)v are typically a neutral species, but anionic formulations may be envisioned, such as those represented by formula (B): [Al(R')4- w (R)w] " , where w is 0.1 to 4, R is a hydrocarbenyl group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms having an allyl chain end, and R' is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • each R' is independently chosen from ⁇ to C30 hydrocarbyl groups (such as a ⁇ to C20 alkyl groups, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, or an isomer thereof), and R is represented by the formula:
  • n is an integer from 2 to 18, preferably 6 to 18, preferably 6 to 12, preferably 6.
  • particularly useful AVTAs include, but are not limited to, tri(but-3-en-l-yl)aluminum, tri(pent-4-en-l-yl)aluminum, tri(oct-7-en- l-yl)aluminum, tri(non-8-en- l-yl)aluminum, tri(dec-9-en- l-yl)aluminum, dimethyl(oct-7-en- 1 -yl)aluminum, diethyl(oct-7-en- l-yl)aluminum, dibutyl(oct-7-en- 1 - yl)aluminum, diisobutyl(oct-7-en- l-yl)aluminum, diisobutyl(non-8-en- l-yl)aluminum, diisobutyl(dec-9-en-l-yl
  • AVTAs Mixtures of one or more AVTAs may also be used.
  • Particularly useful metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agents comprises one or more of tri(but-3-en- l-yl)aluminum, tri(pent-4-en- 1 -yl)aluminum, tri(oct-7-en- 1 -yl)aluminum, tri(non-8-en-l-yl)aluminum, tri(dec-9-en-l-yl)aluminum, dimethyl(oct-7-en-l-yl)aluminum, diethyl(oct-7-en- 1 -yl)aluminum, dibutyl(oct-7-en- 1 -yl)aluminum, diisobutyl(oct-7-en- 1 - yl)aluminum, diisobutyl(non-8-en-l-yl)aluminum, dimethyl(dec-9-en-l-yl)aluminum, diethyl(dec-9-en-
  • Useful aluminum vinyl transfer agents include organoaluminum compound reaction products between aluminum reagent (A1R3 ⁇ 4) and an alkyl diene.
  • Suitable alkyl dienes include those that have two "alpha olefins", as described above, at two termini of the carbon chain.
  • the alkyl diene can be a straight chain or branched alkyl chain and substituted or unsubstituted.
  • Exemplary alkyl dienes include but are not limited to, for example, 1,3- butadiene, 1,4-pentadiene, 1 ,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 1,8-nonadiene, 1,9-decadiene, 1,10- undecadiene, 1,11-dodecadiene, 1,12-tridecadiene, 1,13-tetradecadiene, 1,14-pentadecadiene, 1,15-hexadecadiene, 1,16-heptadecadiene, 1,17-octadecadiene, 1,18-nonadecadiene, 1,19- eicosadiene, 1,20-heneicosadiene, etc.
  • Exemplary aluminum reagents include triisobutylaluminum, diisobutylaluminumhydride, isobutylaluminumdihydride and aluminum hydride (A1H 3 ).
  • R" is butenyl, pentenyl, heptenyl, octenyl or decenyl. In some embodiments R" is preferably octenyl or decenyl.
  • R' is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isobutyl, or butyl. In any embodiment of the invention described herein, R' is isobutyl.
  • v is about 2, or v is 2.
  • v is about 1, or v is 1, preferably from about 1 to about 2.
  • v is an integer or a non- integer, preferably v is from 1.1 to 2.9, from about 1.5 to about 2.7, e.g., from about 1.6 to about 2.4, from about 1.7 to about 2.4, from about 1.8 to about 2.2, from about 1.9 to about 2.1 and all ranges there between.
  • R' is isobutyl and each R" is octenyl or decenyl, preferably R' is isobutyl, each R" is octenyl or decenyl, and v is from 1.1 to 2.9, from about 1.5 to about 2.7, e.g., from about 1.6 to about 2.4, from about 1.7 to about 2.4, from about 1.8 to about 2.2, from about 1.9 to about 2.1.
  • v the aluminum alkenyl
  • R" is a hydrocarbenyl group containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms having an allyl chain end
  • R' is a hydrocarbyl group containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms
  • v is 0.1 to 3 (preferably 1.1 to 3).
  • This formulation represents the observed average of organoaluminum species (as determined by 3 ⁇ 4 NMR) present in a mixture, which may include any of A1(R) 3 , A1(R') 2 (R"), A1(R)(R")2, and A1(R") 3 .
  • 3 ⁇ 4 NMR spectroscopic studies are performed at room temperature using a Bruker 400 MHz NMR. Data is collected using samples prepared by dissolving 10-20 mg the compound in 1 mL of C 6 D6. Samples are then loaded into 5 mm NMR tubes for data collection. Data is recorded using a maximum pulse width of 45°, 8 seconds between pulses and signal averaging either 8 or 16 transients. The spectra are normalized to protonated tetrachloroethane in the CgDg. The chemical shifts ( ⁇ ) are reported as relative to the residual protium in the deuterated solvent at 7.15 ppm.
  • the aluminum vinyl-transfer agent has less than 50 wt% dimer present, based upon the weight of the AVTA, preferably less than 40 wt%, preferably less than 30 wt%, preferably less than 20 wt%, preferably less than 15 wt%, preferably less than 10 wt%, preferably less than 5 wt%, preferably less than 2 wt%, preferably less than 1 wt%, preferably 0 wt% dimer.
  • dimer is present at from 0.1 to 50 wt%, alternately 1 to 20 wt%, alternately at from 2 to 10 wt%.
  • Dimer is the dimeric product of the alkyl diene used in the preparation of the AVTA.
  • the dimer can be formed under certain reaction conditions, and is formed from the insertion of a molecule of diene into the Al-R bond of the AVTA, followed by beta-hydride elimination. For example, if the alkyl diene used is 1,7- octadiene, the dimer is 7-methylenepentadeca-l,14-diene. Similarly, if the alkyl diene is 1,9- decadiene, the dimer is 9-methylenenonadeca-l,18-diene.
  • Useful compounds can be prepared by combining an aluminum reagent (such as alkyl aluminum) having at least one secondary alkyl moiety (such as triisobutylaluminum) and/or at least one hydride, such as a dialkylaluminum hydride, a monoalkylaluminum dihydride or aluminum trihydride (aluminum hydride, AIH3) with an alkyl diene and heating to a temperature that causes release of an alkylene byproduct.
  • an aluminum reagent such as alkyl aluminum
  • secondary alkyl moiety such as triisobutylaluminum
  • hydride such as a dialkylaluminum hydride, a monoalkylaluminum dihydride or aluminum trihydride (aluminum hydride, AIH3)
  • solvent(s) is not required.
  • non-polar solvents can be employed, such as, as hexane, pentane, toluene, benzene, xylene
  • the AVTA is free of coordinating polar solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and diethylether.
  • the AVTA to catalyst complex equivalence ratio can be from about 1: 100 to 500,000: 1. More preferably, the molar ratio of AVTA to catalyst complex is greater than 5, alternately greater than 10, alternately greater than 15, alternately greater than 20, alternately greater than 25, alternately greater than 30.
  • the metal hydrocarbenyl transfer agent is an alumoxane formed from the hydrolysis of the AVTA.
  • the alumoxane can be formed from the hydrolysis of the AVTA in combination with other aluminum alkyl(s).
  • the alumoxane component is an oligomeric compound which is not well characterized, but can be represented by the general formula (R-Al-0) m which is a cyclic compound, or may be R'(R- Al-0)m-AlR'2 which is a linear compound where R' is as defined above and at least one R' is the same as R (as defined above), and m is from about 4 to 25, with a range of 13 to 25 being preferred. Most preferably all R' are R.
  • An alumoxane is generally a mixture of both the linear and cyclic compounds.
  • the complexes described herein may be supported (with or without an activator and with or without a transfer agent) by any method effective to support other coordination catalyst systems, effectively meaning that the catalyst so prepared can be used for polymerizing olefin(s) in a heterogeneous process.
  • the catalyst precursor, activator, optional transfer agent, co-activator if needed, suitable solvent, and support may be added in any order or simultaneously.
  • the complex, activator, and optional transfer agent may be combined in solvent to form a solution. Then the support is added, and the mixture is stirred for 1 minute to 10 hours.
  • the total solution volume may be greater than the pore volume of the support, but some embodiments limit the total solution volume below that needed to form a gel or slurry (about 90% to 400%, preferably about 100% to 200% of the pore volume).
  • the residual solvent is removed under vacuum, typically at ambient temperature and over 10-16 hours. But greater or lesser times and temperatures are possible.
  • the complex may also be supported absent the activator, and in that case, the activator (and co-activator if needed) is added to a polymerization process' liquid phase. Additionally, two or more different complexes may be placed on the same support. Likewise, two or more activators or an activator and co-activator may be placed on the same support. Likewise the transfer agent may be added to the polymerization reaction separately from the supported catalyst complex and/or activator.
  • Suitable solid particle supports are typically comprised of polymeric or refractory oxide materials, each being preferably porous.
  • any support material that has an average particle size greater than 10 ⁇ is suitable for use in this invention.
  • a porous support material such as for example, talc, inorganic oxides, inorganic chlorides, for example magnesium chloride and resinous support materials such as polystyrene polyolefin or polymeric compounds or any other organic support material and the like.
  • Some embodiments select inorganic oxide materials as the support material including Group-2, -3, -4, -5, -13, or -14 metal or metalloid oxides.
  • the catalyst support materials select to include silica, alumina, silica-alumina, and their mixtures.
  • Other inorganic oxides may serve either alone or in combination with the silica, alumina, or silica- alumina. These are magnesia, titania, zirconia, and the like.
  • the support can optionally double as the activator component; however, an additional activator may also be used.
  • the support material may be pre-treated by any number of methods.
  • inorganic oxides may be calcined, chemically treated with dehydroxylating agents such as aluminum alkyls and the like, or both.
  • polymeric carriers will also be suitable in accordance with the invention, see, for example, the descriptions in WO 95/15815 and US 5,427,991.
  • the methods disclosed may be used with the catalyst complexes, activators or catalyst systems of this invention to adsorb or absorb them on the polymeric supports, particularly if made up of porous particles, or may be chemically bound through functional groups bound to or in the polymer chains.
  • Useful supports typically have a surface area of from 10-700 m 2 /g, a pore volume of 0.1-4.0 cc/g and an average particle size of 10-500 ⁇ . Some embodiments select a surface area of 50-500 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.5-3.5 cc/g, or an average particle size of 20-200 ⁇ . Other embodiments select a surface area of 100-400 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.8-3.0 cc/g, and an average particle size of 30-100 ⁇ . Useful supports typically have a pore size of 10-1000 Angstroms, alternatively 50-500 Angstroms, or 75-350 Angstroms.
  • the catalyst complexes described herein are generally deposited on the support at a loading level of 10-100 micromoles of complex per gram of solid support; alternately 20-80 micromoles of complex per gram of solid support; or 40-60 micromoles of complex per gram of support. But greater or lesser values may be used provided that the total amount of solid complex does not exceed the support's pore volume.
  • invention catalyst complexes are useful in polymerizing unsaturated monomers conventionally known to undergo coordination-catalyzed polymerization such as solution, slurry, gas-phase, and high-pressure polymerization.
  • unsaturated monomers conventionally known to undergo coordination-catalyzed polymerization
  • one or more of the complexes described herein, one or more activators, one or more transfer agents (such as an aluminum vinyl transfer agent) and one or more monomers are contacted to produce polymer.
  • the complexes may be supported and, as such, will be particularly useful in the known, fixed-bed, moving-bed, fluid-bed, slurry, gas phase, solution, or bulk operating modes conducted in single, series, or parallel reactors.
  • One or more reactors in series or in parallel may be used in the present invention.
  • the complexes, activator, transfer agent, and, when required, co-activator may be delivered as a solution or slurry, either separately to the reactor, activated in-line just prior to the reactor, or pre-activated and pumped as an activated solution or slurry to the reactor.
  • Polymerizations are carried out in either single reactor operation, in which monomer, comonomers, catalyst/activator/co-activator, optional scavenger, and optional modifiers are added continuously to a single reactor or in series reactor operation, in which the above components are added to each of two or more reactors connected in series.
  • the catalyst components can be added to the first reactor in the series.
  • the catalyst component may also be added to both reactors, with one component being added to the first reaction and another component to other reactors.
  • the complex is activated in the reactor in the presence of olefin and transfer agent.
  • the polymerization process is a continuous process.
  • Polymerization process used herein typically comprises contacting one or more alkene monomers with the complexes, activators and transfer agents described herein.
  • alkenes are defined to include multi-alkenes (such as dialkenes) and alkenes having just one double bond.
  • Polymerization may be homogeneous (solution or bulk polymerization) or heterogeneous (slurry -in a liquid diluent, or gas phase -in a gaseous diluent).
  • the complex and activator may be supported.
  • Silica is useful as a support herein.
  • Chain transfer agents (such as hydrogen or trialkylaluminums) may be used in the practice of this invention.
  • the present polymerization processes may be conducted under conditions preferably including a temperature of about 30°C to about 200°C, preferably from 60°C to 195°C, preferably from 75°C to 190°C.
  • the process may be conducted at a pressure of from 0.05 to 1500 MPa. In a preferred embodiment, the pressure is between 1.7 MPa and 30 MPa, or in another embodiment, especially under supercritical conditions, the pressure is between 15 MPa and 1500 MPa.
  • branching such as a g'vis of less than 0.90
  • Monomers useful herein include olefins having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms, alternately 2 to 12 carbon atoms (preferably ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, and dodecene) and, optionally, also polyenes (such as dienes).
  • Particularly preferred monomers include ethylene, and mixtures of C2 to CJQ alpha olefins, such as ethylene -propylene, ethylene-hexene, ethylene-octene, propylene-hexene, and the like.
  • the catalyst systems described herein are also particularly effective for the polymerization of ethylene, either alone or in combination with at least one other olefinically unsaturated monomer, such as a C3 to C20 -olefin, and particularly a C3 to a-olefin.
  • the present complexes are also particularly effective for the polymerization of propylene, either alone or in combination with at least one other olefinically unsaturated monomer, such as ethylene or a C 4 to C20 a-olefin, and particularly a C 4 to C20 a-olefin.
  • the catalyst systems described herein are also particularly effective for the polymerization of ethylene and propylene, either alone or in combination with at least one other olefinically unsaturated monomer, such as a C 4 to C20 diene, and particularly a C3 to C 2 diene.
  • Examples of preferred a-olefins include ethylene, propylene, butene-1, pentene-1, hexene-1, heptene- 1, octene- 1, nonene- 1, decene- 1, dodecene- 1, 4-methylpentene-l, 3- methylpentene-1, 3, 5, 5-trimethylhexene-l, and 5-ethylnonene-l.
  • the monomer mixture comprises one or more dienes at up to 10 wt%, such as from 0.00001 to 1.0 wt%, for example from 0.002 to 0.5 wt%, such as from 0.003 to 0.2 wt%, based upon the monomer mixture.
  • Non-limiting examples of useful dienes include, cyclopentadiene, norbornadiene, dicyclopentadiene, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 1 ,4-hexadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, 1,5-heptadiene, 1,6-heptadiene, 6-methyl-l,6-heptadiene, 1,7-octadiene, 7-methyl-l,7- octadiene, 1,9-decadiene, and 9-methyl-l,9-decadiene.
  • the catalyst systems may, under appropriate conditions, generate stereoregular polymers or polymers having stereoregular sequences in the polymer chains.
  • the catalyst systems described herein are used in any polymerization process described above to produce ethylene homopolymers or copolymers, propylene homopolymers or copolymers, particularly ethylene-propylene copolymers and copolymers and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer copolymers.
  • Scavengers particularly ethylene-propylene copolymers and copolymers and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer copolymers.
  • the catalyst system when using the complexes described herein, particularly when they are immobilized on a support, the catalyst system will additionally comprise one or more scavenging compounds.
  • scavenging compound means a compound that removes polar impurities from the reaction environment. These impurities adversely affect catalyst activity and stability.
  • the scavenging compound will be an organometallic compound such as the Group-13 organometallic compounds of US 5,153,157; US 5,241,025; WO 1991/09882; WO 1994/03506; WO 1993/14132; and that of WO 1995/07941.
  • Exemplary compounds include triethyl aluminum, triethyl borane, tri- iso-butyl aluminum, methyl alumoxane, iso-butyl alumoxane, tri-n-octyl aluminum, bis(diisobutylaluminum)oxide, modified methylalumoxane.
  • Useful modified methylalumoxane include cocatalyst type 3A (commercially available from Akzo Chemicals, Inc. under the trade name Modified Methylalumoxane type 3A) and those described in US 5,041,584).
  • scavenging compounds having bulky or C3 ⁇ 4-C2o linear hydrocarbyl substituents connected to the metal or metalloid center usually minimize adverse interaction with the active catalyst.
  • examples include triethylaluminum, but more preferably, bulky compounds such as tri-iso-butyl aluminum, tri-iso-prenyl aluminum, and long-chain linear alkyl-substituted aluminum compounds, such as tri-n-hexyl aluminum, tri-n-octyl aluminum, or tri-n-dodecyl aluminum.
  • alumoxane is used as the activator, any excess over that needed for activation will scavenge impurities and additional scavenging compounds may be unnecessary.
  • the transfer agent such as the aluminum vinyl transfer agent, may also function as a scavenger.
  • two or more catalyst complexes as described herein are combined with a chain transfer agent, such tri-n-octylaluminum, in the same reactor with monomer.
  • a chain transfer agent such tri-n-octylaluminum
  • another catalyst such as a metallocene
  • a chain transfer agent such as tri-n-octylaluminum
  • the homopolymer and copolymer products produced by the present process may have an Mw of about 1,000 to about 2,000,000 g/mol, alternately of about 30,000 to about 600,000 g/mol, or alternately of about 100,000 to about 500,000 g/mol, as determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography.
  • Preferred polymers produced herein may be homopolymers or copolymers.
  • the comonomer(s) are present at up to 50 mol%, preferably from 0.01 to 40 mol%, preferably 1 to 30 mol%, preferably from 5 to 20 mol%.
  • the polymers produced by the process of the invention can be used in a wide variety of products and end-use applications.
  • the polymers produced can be homo- and co- polymers of ethylene and propylene and include linear low density polyethylene, elastomers, plastomers, high-density polyethylenes, medium density poly ethylenes, low density polyethylenes, polypropylene and polypropylene copolymers.
  • Polymers, typically ethylene based copolymers have a density of from 0.86g/cc to 0.97g/cc; density being measured in accordance with ASTM-D-1238.
  • Propylene based polymers produced include isotactic polypropylene, atactic polypropylene and random, or impact copolymers.
  • the polymers of embodiments of the invention may have an M n (number- average molecular weight) value from 300 to 1,000,000, or between from 700 to 300,000 g/mol.
  • M n number- average molecular weight
  • an M n of 300 to 20,000 is contemplated, or less than or equal to 10,000 g/mol.
  • copolymer of embodiments of the invention will comprise a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) in the range of > 1, or > 1.5 or ⁇ 6, or ⁇ 4 or ⁇ 3, preferably from greater than 1 to 40, alternatively from 1.5 to 20, alternatively from 1.5 to 10, alternatively from 1.6 to 6, alternatively from 1.5 to 4, or alternatively from 2 to 3.
  • Mw/Mn molecular weight distribution
  • Preferred propylene polymer, preferably homopolymer, produced herein has an Mw of 20,000 up to 2,000,000 g/mol.
  • preferred polymer, preferably homopolymer, produced herein has an Mw of 20,000 up to 2,000,000 g/mol, alternately 50,000 to 1,500,000 g/mol, alternately 100,000 to 1,300,000 g/mol, alternately 300,000 to 1,300,000 g/mol, alternately 500,000 to 1,300,000 g/mol.
  • preferred polymer, preferably homopolymer, produced herein has an Mw of 20,000 up to 2,000,000 g/mol and a g'vis of more than 0.5, alternately 0.90 or more, alternately 0.95 or more, alternately 0.98 or more.
  • preferred polymer, preferably homopolymer, produced herein has an Mw of less than 100,000 g/mol and a g'vis of 0.90 or less, alternately 0.85 or less, alternately 0.80 or less, alternately 0.75 or less, alternately 0.70 or less, alternately 0.60 or less.
  • the polymers of this invention may be blended and/or coextruded with any other polymer.
  • Non-limiting examples of other polymers include linear low density polyethylenes, elastomers, plastomers, high pressure low density polyethylene, high density polyethylenes, isotactic polypropylene, ethylene propylene copolymers and the like.
  • Articles made using polymers produced herein may include, for example, molded articles (such as containers and bottles, e.g., household containers, industrial chemical containers, personal care bottles, medical containers, fuel tanks, and storageware, toys, sheets, pipes, tubing) films, non-wovens, and the like. It should be appreciated that the list of applications above is merely exemplary, and is not intended to be limiting.
  • polymers produced by the process of the invention and blends thereof are useful in such forming operations as film, sheet, and fiber extrusion and co- extrusion as well as blow molding, injection molding, roto-molding.
  • Films include blown or cast films formed by coextrusion or by lamination useful as shrink film, cling film, stretch film, sealing film or oriented films.
  • 1,9-Decadiene (500 mL, 2.71 mol) was loaded into a round bottomed flask.
  • Diisobutylaluminum hydride (30.2 mL, 0.170 mol) was added dropwise over 15 minutes.
  • the mixture was then placed in a metal block maintained at 110°C. After 30 minutes the solution had stabilized at a temperature of 104 +C. The mixture was kept at this temperature for an additional 135 minutes at which time H-NMR spectroscopic data indicated that the reaction had progressed to the desired amount. Cooled to ambient temperature.
  • the excess 1,9- decadiene was removed by vacuum distillation at 44°C / 120 mTorr over a 2.5 hours.
  • the product was further distilled at 50°C / 120 mTorr for an additional hour to ensure complete removal of all 1,9-decadiene.
  • the isolated product was a clear colorless oil.
  • HNMR spectroscopic data suggests an average formulation of Al(i-Bu)o.9(decenyl)2.i with an additional ca. 0.2 molar equivalent of what is presumed to be the triene formed by the insertion of 1 ,9-decadiene into an Al-decenyl bond followed by beta hydride elimination. Yield: 70.9 g.
  • the resulting dark red solution was quenched by addition of water (100 mL), and the organic layer was separated, dried over Na2S0 4 and then evaporated to dryness.
  • the obtained oil was dissolved in a mixture of dichloromethane (1000 mL) and methanol (500 mL), followed by an addition of 12 M HC1 (50 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, then poured into 5% K2CO3 (2 L). The product was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 700 mL). The combined extracts were dried over Na2S0 4 , filtered, and then evaporated to dryness.
  • the obtained mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and then stirred for 12 h at this temperature. After that, 100 mL of water was added. The resulting mixture was diluted with 2000 mL of water, and the organic layer was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with 3 x 400 mL of toluene. The combined organic extract was dried over Na2S0 4 and then evaporated to dryness. The residue was distilled using the Kugelrohr apparatus, b.p. 150-160°C/1 mbar.
  • the obtained yellow oil was dissolved in 100 mL of triethylamine, and the formed solution was added drop wise to a stirred solution of 71.0 mL (750 mmol) of acetic anhydride and 3.00 g (25.0 mmol) of DMAP in 105 mL of triethylamine.
  • the formed mixture was stirred for 5 min, then 1000 mL of water was added, and the obtained mixture was stirred for 12 h. After that, the reaction mixture was extracted with 3 x 200 mL of ethyl acetate.
  • the combined organic extract was washed with aqueous Na2C03, dried over Na2S0 4 , and then evaporated to dryness.
  • the product was extracted with 3 x 50 mL of ethyl acetate.
  • the combined organic extract was dried over Na2S0 4 , evaporated to dryness, and the residue was re-crystallized from 10 mL of ethyl acetate.
  • the obtained crystalline solid was dissolved in 200 mL of methanol, 7.43 g (118 mmol) of NaB3 ⁇ 4CN and 3 mL of acetic acid were added in argon atmosphere. This mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h, then cooled to room temperature, and evaporated to dryness.
  • the residue was diluted with 200 mL of water, and crude product was extracted with 3 x 100 mL of ethyl acetate.
  • the obtained mixture was purged with argon for 10 min followed by an addition of 2.48 g (2.15 mmol) of Pd(PPli3)4.
  • the formed mixture was stirred for 2 h at 90 °C, then cooled to room temperature.
  • To the obtained two-phase mixture 700 mL of n-hexane was added. The organic layer was separated, washed with brine, dried over Na2S0 4 , and then evaporated to dryness.
  • Solvents, polymerization grade toluene and/or isohexanes were supplied by ExxonMobil Chemical Co. and are purified by passing through a series of columns: two 500 cc Oxyclear cylinders in series from Labclear (Oakland, Calif.), followed by two 500 cc columns in series packed with dried 3 A mole sieves (8-12 mesh; Aldrich Chemical Company), and two 500 cc columns in series packed with dried 5 A mole sieves (8-12 mesh; Aldrich Chemical Company).
  • Tri-n-octyl aluminum (TnOAl, neat, AkzoNobel) was used as a comparative to the AVTA's and was typically used as a 5 or 10 mmol/L solution in toluene.
  • the AVTA's were typically also used as a 5 or 10 mmol/L solution in toluene.
  • AVTA# in Tables 1, 4, and 6, correspons to the AVTA's prepared in the examples above.
  • Ethylene was allowed to enter (through the use of computer controlled solenoid valves) the autoclaves during polymerization to maintain reactor gauge pressure (+1-2 psig). Reactor temperature was monitored and typically maintained within +/-1 °C. Polymerizations were halted by addition of approximately 50 psi 02/Ar (5 mole % O2) gas mixture to the autoclave for approximately 30 seconds. The polymerizations were quenched after a predetermined cumulative amount of ethylene had been added (maximum quench value in psid) or for a maximum of 30 minutes polymerization time. Afterwards, the reactors were cooled and vented. Polymers were isolated after the solvent was removed in-vacuo. Yields reported include total weight of polymer and residual catalyst.
  • Catalyst activity is reported as grams of polymer per mmol transition metal compound per hour of reaction time (g/mmol » hr). Ethylene homopolymerization runs and ethylene/l-octene copolymerization runs are summarized in Table 6.
  • the reactor was prepared as described above, then heated to 40°C, and then purged with ethylene gas at atmospheric pressure. Ethylene was then added at 125 psid (790.8 kPa) to the reactor. Isohexanes and scavenger (DiBAl-O, 0.5 ⁇ ) were added via syringe. The stirrers were then started and maintained at 800 RPM. Liquid propylene (0.5 ml) was then injected into the reactor. The reactor was then brought to process temperature (85°C or 100°C). The AVTA or control TnOAl solutions were next injected into the reactor at process temperature.
  • the reactor was prepared as described above, then heated to 40°C, and then purged with propylene gas at atmospheric pressure. Isohexanes, propylene (1.0 ml) and scavenger (DiBAl-O, 0.5 ⁇ ) were added via syringe. The reactor was then brought to process temperature (85°C or 100°C) while stirring at 800 RPM. The A VTA or control TnOAl solutions were next injected into the reactor at process temperature. The activator solution, followed by the pre-catalyst solution, were injected via syringe to the reactor at process conditions. Reactor temperature was monitored and typically maintained within +/-1°C.
  • Polymerizations were halted by addition of approximately 50 psi C ⁇ /Ar (5 mole % O2) gas mixture to the autoclaves for approximately 30 seconds.
  • the polymerizations were quenched based on a predetermined pressure loss of approximately 8 psid (max quench value in psi) loss, or for a maximum of 30 minutes polymerization time.
  • the reactors were cooled and vented.
  • the polymers were isolated after the solvent was removed in-vacuo.
  • the actual quench times are reported in Table 4 for each run. Yields reported include total weight of polymer and residual catalyst. Catalyst activity is reported as grams of polymer per mmol transition metal compound per hour of reaction time (g/mmol»hr).
  • Propylene homopolymerization examples are reported in Table 4 and additional information is located above the table.
  • polymer sample solutions were prepared by dissolving polymer in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB, 99+% purity from Sigma- Aldrich) containing 2,6- di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT, 99% from Aldrich) at 165°C in a shaker oven for approximately 3 hours.
  • the typical concentration of polymer in solution was between 0.1 to 0.9 mg/mL with a BHT concentration of 1.25 mg BHT/mL of TCB. Samples were cooled to 135°C for testing.
  • High temperature size exclusion chromatography was performed using an automated "Rapid GPC" system as described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • PDI polydispersity
  • DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
  • Samples for infrared analysis were prepared by depositing the stabilized polymer solution onto a silanized wafer (Part number S 10860, Symyx). By this method, approximately between 0.12 and 0.24 mg of polymer is deposited on the wafer cell. The samples were subsequently analyzed on a Brucker Equinox 55 FTIR spectrometer equipped with Pikes' MappIR specular reflectance sample accessory. Spectra, covering a spectral range of 5000 cm 1 to 500 cm 1 , were collected at a 2 cm 1 resolution with 32 scans.
  • the wt% octene in the copolymer was determined via measurement of the methyl deformation band at -1375 cm 1 .
  • the peak height of this band was normalized by the combination and overtone band at -4321 cm 1 , which corrects for path length differences.
  • the normalized peak height was correlated to individual calibration curves from *H NMR data to predict the wt% octene content within a concentration range of ⁇ 2 to 35 wt% for octene. Typically, R 2 correlations of 0.98 or greater are achieved. (These numbers are reported in Table 6 under the heading C8 wt%.)
  • proton NMR spectra are collected using a 400 MHz Varian pulsed fourier transform NMR spectrometer equipped with a variable temperature proton detection probe operating at 120°C.
  • the polymer sample is dissolved in 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) and transferred into a 5 mm glass NMR tube.
  • TCE-d2 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane-d2
  • the chain end unsaturations are determined as follows.
  • the vinyl resonances of interest are between from about 5.0 to 5.1 ppm (VRA), the vinylidene resonances between from about 4.65 to 4.85 ppm (VDRA), the vinylene resonances from about 5.31 to 5.55 ppm (VYRA), the tri-substituted unsaturated species from about 5.11 to 5.30 ppm (TSRA) and the aliphatic region of interest between from about 0 to 2.1 ppm (IA).
  • the number of vinyl groups/1000 Carbons is determined from the formula: (VRA * 500) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA).
  • the number of vinylidene groups / 1000 Carbons is determined from the formula: (VDRA * 500 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA), the number of vinylene groups / 1000 Carbons from the formula (VYRA * 500 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA) and the number of tri-substituted groups from the formula (TSRA * 1000 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA).
  • VRA, VDRA, VYRA, TSRA and IA are the integrated normalized signal intensities in the chemical shift regions defined above. Proton NMR data is reported in Tables 2 and 5. For many examples, end-group unsaturation was below the detection limit, or noise level, and could not be determined.
  • GPC3D data is reported in Table 3 and is described further below.
  • Quench Value (psid)" for ethylene based polymerization runs is the set maximum amount of ethylene uptake (conversion) for the experiment. If a polymerization quench time is less than the maximum time set, then the polymerization ran until the set maximum value of ethylene uptake was reached. For ethylene-propylene copolymerization runs, quench value indicates the maximum set pressure loss (conversion) of ethylene and propylene combined during the polymerization. For propylene homopolymerization runs, quench value indicates the maximum set pressure loss (conversion) of propylene during the polymerization. Activity is reported at grams polymer per mmol of catalyst per hour.
  • octene content by FTIR is outside of the calibration range
  • proton NMR spectra are collected using a 400 MHz Varian pulsed fourier transform NMR spectrometer equipped with a variable temperature proton detection probe operating at 120°C.
  • the polymer sample is dissolved in 1,1,2,2- tetrachloroethane-d2 (TCE-d2) and transferred into a 5 mm glass NMR tube.
  • the chain end unsaturations are determined as follows.
  • the vinyl resonances of interest are between from about 5.0 to 5.1 ppm (VRA), the vinylidene resonances between from about 4.65 to 4.85 ppm (VDRA), the vinylene resonances from about 5.31 to 5.55 ppm (VYRA), the tri-substituted unsaturated species from about 5.11 to 5.30 ppm (TSRA) and the aliphatic region of interest between from about 0 to 2.1 ppm (IA).
  • the number of vinyl groups/1000 Carbons is determined from the formula: (VRA * 500) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA).
  • the number of vinylidene groups / 1000 Carbons is determined from the formula: (VDRA * 500 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA), the number of vinylene groups / 1000 Carbons from the formula (VYRA * 500 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA) and the number of tri-substituted groups from the formula (TSRA * 1000 ) / ((IA +VRA + VYRA + VDRA)/2) + TSRA).
  • VRA, VDRA, VYRA, TSRA and IA are the integrated normalized signal intensities in the chemical shift regions defined above.
  • GPC3D Unless otherwise indicated, molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight, Mw, number- average molecular weight, M n , and molecular weight distribution, Mw/Mn or MWD, and branching index (g'vis)) are determined using a High Temperature Size Exclusion Chromatograph (either from Waters Corporation or Polymer Laboratories), equipped with a differential refractive index detector (DRI), an online light scattering (LS) detector, and a viscometer. Experimental details not described below, including how the detectors are calibrated, are described in: T. Sun, P. Brant, R. R. Chance, and W. W. Graessley, Macromolecules, Volume 34, Number 19, 6812-6820, (2001).
  • DRI differential refractive index detector
  • LS online light scattering
  • Polymer solutions are prepared by placing dry polymer in a glass container, adding the desired amount of TCB, then heating the mixture at 160°C with continuous agitation for about 2 hours. All quantities are measured gravimetrically.
  • the TCB densities used to express the polymer concentration in mass/volume units are 1.463 g/ml at room temperature and 1.324 g/ml at 135°C.
  • the injection concentration ranges from 1.0 to 2.0 mg/ml, with lower concentrations being used for higher molecular weight samples.
  • Prior to running each sample the DRI detector and the injector are purged. Flow rate in the apparatus is then increased to 0.5 ml/minute, and the DRI is allowed to stabilize for 8-9 hours before injecting the first sample.
  • the LS laser is turned on 1 to 1.5 hours before running samples.
  • KDRI is a constant determined by calibrating the DRI
  • (dn dc) is the same as described below for the light scattering (LS) analysis.
  • Units on parameters throughout this description of the SEC method are such that concentration is expressed in g/cm 3 , molecular weight is expressed in g/mole, and intrinsic viscosity is expressed in dL/g.
  • the light scattering detector used is a Wyatt Technology High Temperature mini- DAWN.
  • the polymer molecular weight, M, at each point in the chromatogram is determined by analyzing the LS output using the Zimm model for static light scattering (M.B. Huglin, LIGHT SCATTERING FROM POLYMER SOLUTIONS, Academic Press, 1971):
  • AR(9) is the measured excess Rayleigh scattering intensity at scattering angle ⁇
  • c is the polymer concentration determined from the DRI analysis
  • ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the form factor for a monodisperse random coil (M.B. Huglin, LIGHT SCATTERING FROM POLYMER SOLUTIONS, Academic Press, 1971)
  • Ko is the optical constant for the system:
  • a high temperature Viscotek Corporation viscometer which has four capillaries arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration with two pressure transducers, is used to determine specific viscosity. One transducer measures the total pressure drop across the detector, and the other, positioned between the two sides of the bridge, measures a differential pressure. The specific viscosity, r ⁇ s , for the solution flowing through the viscometer is calculated from their outputs. The intrinsic viscosity, [ ⁇ ], at each point in the chromatogram is calculated from the following equation:
  • the branching index, g' (also referred to as g'vis), is calculated using the output of the SEC-DRI-LS-VIS method as follows.
  • ] a v g , of the sample is calculated by:
  • the branching index g'vis is defined as: kM
  • M v is the viscosity-average molecular weight based on molecular weights determined by LS analysis.
  • compositions, an element or a group of elements are preceded with the transitional phrase “comprising,” it is understood that we also contemplate the same composition or group of elements with transitional phrases “consisting essentially of,” “consisting of,” “selected from the group of consisting of,” or “is” preceding the recitation of the composition, element, or elements and vice versa.

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes catalytiques avec des complexes de métal de transition à site unique (tels que des complexes de métal de transition pyridyldiamido), un activateur, et un agent de transfert à chaîne hydrocarbényle métallique (de préférence un agent de transfert d'aluminium vinyle destinés à être utilisés dans la polymérisation d'alcènes.
PCT/US2018/013507 2017-02-28 2018-01-12 Polymères produits par l'utilisation de complexes de métaux de transition quinolinyldiamido et d'agents de transfert de vinyle WO2018160276A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007035492A1 (fr) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-29 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Copolymeres blocs olefiniques catalytiques obtenus par l'intermediaire d'un agent navette polymerisable
US20100022726A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Hagadorn John R Pyridyldiamido Transition Metal Complexes, Production And Use Thereof
US20120016092A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Sandor Nagy Catalysts based on quinoline precursors
US20120083575A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Comb architecture olefin block copolymers
WO2014123683A1 (fr) * 2013-02-06 2014-08-14 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Procédé de contrôle du poids moléculaire des polyoléfines préparées à l'aide de systèmes de catalyseurs pyridyldiamido
WO2014137927A1 (fr) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-12 Exxonmobil Chemical Patens Inc. Transfert de chaîne réversible lors de la polymérisation de polyoléfines faisant appel à des catalyseurs de pyridyldiamide
US20150141601A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Pyridyldiamido Transition Metal Complexes, Production and Use Thereof
WO2016102690A1 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Procédé de préparation d'une polyoléfine ramifiée
WO2017039993A1 (fr) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymères produits au moyen d'agents de transfert vinyliques
WO2018005201A1 (fr) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Complexes quinolinyldiamido de métaux de transition, leur production et leur utilisation

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007035492A1 (fr) * 2005-09-15 2007-03-29 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Copolymeres blocs olefiniques catalytiques obtenus par l'intermediaire d'un agent navette polymerisable
US20100022726A1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2010-01-28 Hagadorn John R Pyridyldiamido Transition Metal Complexes, Production And Use Thereof
US20120016092A1 (en) * 2010-07-14 2012-01-19 Sandor Nagy Catalysts based on quinoline precursors
US20120083575A1 (en) * 2010-09-30 2012-04-05 Dow Global Technologies Llc Comb architecture olefin block copolymers
WO2014123683A1 (fr) * 2013-02-06 2014-08-14 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Procédé de contrôle du poids moléculaire des polyoléfines préparées à l'aide de systèmes de catalyseurs pyridyldiamido
WO2014137927A1 (fr) * 2013-03-06 2014-09-12 Exxonmobil Chemical Patens Inc. Transfert de chaîne réversible lors de la polymérisation de polyoléfines faisant appel à des catalyseurs de pyridyldiamide
US20150141601A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Pyridyldiamido Transition Metal Complexes, Production and Use Thereof
WO2016102690A1 (fr) * 2014-12-23 2016-06-30 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Procédé de préparation d'une polyoléfine ramifiée
WO2017039993A1 (fr) * 2015-08-31 2017-03-09 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymères produits au moyen d'agents de transfert vinyliques
WO2018005201A1 (fr) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-04 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Complexes quinolinyldiamido de métaux de transition, leur production et leur utilisation

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