WO2018157915A1 - Commutation de transfert de charge - Google Patents

Commutation de transfert de charge Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018157915A1
WO2018157915A1 PCT/EP2017/054644 EP2017054644W WO2018157915A1 WO 2018157915 A1 WO2018157915 A1 WO 2018157915A1 EP 2017054644 W EP2017054644 W EP 2017054644W WO 2018157915 A1 WO2018157915 A1 WO 2018157915A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sts
load
fcs
switch
supply voltage
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/054644
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Magnus TARLE
Lars Liljestrand
Original Assignee
Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Schweiz Ag filed Critical Abb Schweiz Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2017/054644 priority Critical patent/WO2018157915A1/fr
Publication of WO2018157915A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018157915A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H01H2009/544—Contacts shunted by static switch means the static switching means being an insulated gate bipolar transistor, e.g. IGBT, Darlington configuration of FET and bipolar transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/018—Application transfer; between utility and emergency power supply

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switching arrangement, a system and a method for load transfer of supply voltage.
  • Static transfer switches are typically used in uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems, both in low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) applications.
  • UPS uninterruptable power supply
  • LV low voltage
  • MV medium voltage
  • a MV UPS system is illustrated in Fig. l.
  • An STS (utility disconnect) is as illustrated in Fig. ⁇ used to supply a load.
  • the STS opens in case a utility supply fails in some way and disconnects the load and the three parallel energy delivery units (EDUs).
  • the power supply to the load is now provided through the three EDUs instead of through the utility power supply.
  • the system also comprises a mechanical, maintenance, bypass switch.
  • a typical STS operates when a disturbance in supply voltage is detected and responds by transferring a sensitive load to an alternative supply voltage.
  • FCS Fast mechanical Commutating Switch
  • a fast acting mechanical breaker is in WO9811645 used in combination with a solid state switch to provide a hybrid breaker.
  • a fast mechanical commutating switch is disclosed in US 7235751, which describes an electric device including an electric switch having a plurality of contact members arranged in series to form a plurality of breaking points arranged in series.
  • An object of the present invention is how to improve the efficiency of load transfer during operation.
  • a switching arrangement for load transfer of supply voltage comprises a static transfer switch (STS), and a fast mechanical commutating switch (FCS) connected in parallel with the STS, such that when both the FCS and the STS are closed a current loop there through is created.
  • STS static transfer switch
  • FCS fast mechanical commutating switch
  • the STS may be a forced commutating switch, such as an IGBT, an IGCT or a BIGT.
  • the STS may be a line commutated switch, such as a thyristor or an SCR.
  • the switching arrangement may be connected between a supply voltage and a load.
  • the switching arrangement may comprise a second STS and a second FCS connected in parallel with the second STS, wherein the second STS and second FCS are connected between a second supply voltage and the load.
  • the switching arrangement may comprise a forced commutated switch connected in series with the FCS, such that the forced commutated switch and the FCS together are connected in parallel with the STS.
  • the switching arrangement may be configured for low, medium or high voltage applications.
  • a system for voltage supply of a load comprises a switching arrangement connected between a first supply voltage and a load, and a second switching
  • a method for load transfer of supply voltage comprises closing a static transfer switch (STS) connected to a first supply voltage and to a load, providing a closed current loop through the STS and a fast mechanical commutating switch (FCS) arranged in parallel with the STS, opening the FCS, closing a switch connected to the load and a second supply voltage, and opening the STS.
  • STS static transfer switch
  • FCS fast mechanical commutating switch
  • the step of closing a switch may be made after the FCS has been opened, commutation to the STS has been completed, and the STS has interrupted the current.
  • An advantage with a switching arrangement according to the present invention is that energy consumption is reduced during normal operation, and further removes the need of liquid or forced air cooling of an STS.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a UPS system
  • Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a single line diagram of a switching circuit according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a single line diagram of a switching circuit according to an alternative embodiment presented herein;
  • FIGs. 4-9 schematically illustrate normal load transfer according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • Fig. 10 schematically shows a flow chart for the normal load transfer illustrated in Figs. 4-9;
  • FIGs. 11-14 schematically illustrate reverse load transfer according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • FIG. 15 schematically shows a flow chart for the reverse load transfer illustrated in Figs. 11-14;
  • FIGS. 16-17 schematically illustrate load fault handling according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • Fig. 18 schematically shows a flow chart for the load fault handling illustrated in Figs. 16-17;
  • FIG. 19-20 schematically illustrate FCS fault handling according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • Fig. 21 schematically shows a flow chart for the FCS fault handling illustrated in Figs. 19-20;
  • Fig. 22 schematically illustrates a maintenance bypass according to an embodiment presented herein;
  • Fig. 23 schematically illustrates commutation assistance according to an embodiment presented herein.
  • LSTS Low Loss Static Transfer Switch
  • a regular Static Transfer Switch operates when a fault in supply voltage is detected and responds by transferring a sensitive load to an alternative supply voltage.
  • FCS Fast mechanical Commutating Switch
  • the FCS is a very fast mechanical switch that cannot break current but can commutate current into a parallel path, the STS. It is able to open and to commutate the current from the FCS into the STS.
  • the FCS also further enables use of forced commutating power electronic switches which has higher conduction losses compared to line commutated power electronic switches. Forced commutating switches have potential to improve the speed of the STS and possibly manage more transfer conditions.
  • FCS also provides potential to increase uptime as the
  • the present invention is described for medium voltage applications (1-35 kV), but the principle can be used in both low voltage (50-1000 V) and high voltage (>35 kV) applications using STS and as well.
  • the ac power supply to data centre applications often includes an STS.
  • the switch In case of a disturbance of the supply voltage, the switch is used to transfer the data centre load to a secure alternative supply voltage within a relatively short period of time.
  • STS losses during normal operation typically require a cooling system such as liquid cooling or forced air cooling to be used. This results in a cost both for initial investment cost but also operational cost by losses and maintenance.
  • the active use time of an STS is significantly reduced according to the present invention, and the use of liquid or forced air cooling is obviated.
  • Semiconductor breakers have a limited lifetime compared to a traditional circuit breaker.
  • the active use time of an STS is significantly reduced according to the present invention, and the total lifetime is thus significantly increased.
  • a protection and control system may further be used to synch the FCS with the STS according to the present invention.
  • a LLSTS circuit single line diagram is illustrated in Fig. 2. The components in Fig. 2 are the following.
  • Vsourcei represents normal ac supply voltage, e.g. a grid network.
  • V S ource2 represents alternative ac supply voltage, e.g. a grid network or a UPS with a converter or a generator.
  • Lsi represents system inductance of V SO urcei.
  • Ls2 represents system inductance of V SO urce2.
  • Lsci represents system inductance between a potential fault and the LLSTS.
  • Lgi represents system ground inductance between a potential fault and the LLSTS.
  • RLI represents a resistive part of a load, such as a data centre load.
  • LLI represents an inductive part of a load, such as a data centre load.
  • Si represents a switch which forms a part of the STS of the LLSTS. It comprises one or several line commutating switches in series such as thyristors, or one or several forced commutating switches in series such as reverse blocking IGCTs. With the use of a reverse conducting IGCT, an IGBT, BIGT, etc. (having an anti-parallel diode) the Si would be in series with S 2 (in opposite direction of each other) instead of in parallel as illustrated in the drawings.
  • S 2 represents a switch which forms a part of the STS of the LLSTS. It comprises one or several line commutating switches in series such as thyristors, or one or several forced commutating switches in series such as reverse blocking IGCTs.
  • FCSi represents an FCS which forms a part of the LLSTS.
  • Ri represents a resistive part in a snubber circuit, which may form a part of the LLSTS.
  • Ci represents a capacitive part in a snubber circuit, which may form a part of the LLSTS.
  • Rai represents a surge arrester or varistor to limit the voltage across the LLSTS, which may form a part of the LLSTS.
  • QA 2 represents a control of the alternative voltage source Vsource2.
  • This can e.g. be a breaker, another LLSTS (as illustrated in Fig. 3), an STS, a converter control function or similar.
  • FCS is used in combination with an STS connected in parallel.
  • Fig. 2 this is illustrated with FCSi, Si, S 2 and possible accompanying components such as Ri, Ci and Rai.
  • An additional snubber resistor may be used across Si and S 2 depending on the system characteristics.
  • the equivalent resistance will depend on the semiconductor, type of breaker and breaker material, breaker contact pressure, current and voltage, etc.
  • the availability has potential to increase due to that the current is not passing through the semiconductors during most of the LLSTS lifetime. This reduces for example mechanical stress as there is no significant thermal cycling.
  • Transfer time IEC 62040-3 categorizes dynamic output performance requirements on UPS systems.
  • General purpose IT loads such as switched mode power supplies are categorized as "Class 3".
  • An example is that Class 3 requires a transfer duration within 10 ms for a 100 % voltage drop. For voltage drops less than 100 %, the transfer time is allowed to be higher.
  • the transfer duration consists of detection of a voltage drop and performance of the actual transfer. The detection time can vary dependent on the event and the detection system. A detection system may e.g. require up to 10 ms (using a 20 % voltage drop and threshold of 0.7 p.u. (per unit)) or even go undetected.
  • FCS switch is able to commutate the current from the FCSi to Si or S 2 in about 0.5 ms.
  • the commutation time will depend on the system
  • FCS arc voltage FCS arc voltage
  • inductance in the FCS and Si & S 2 loop FCS arc voltage
  • voltage drop in the Si and S 2 valve FCS arc voltage
  • FCS additional commutation time using the FCS is fairly negligible in respect to the total transfer time.
  • FCSi is closed and Si and S 2 are open, i.e. not turned on.
  • a fault condition occurs, illustrated in Fig. 5, at the supply voltage side at node 1.
  • the V SO urcei will feed this fault with a fault current, represented by loop Li.
  • a current will continue to flow in the load, represented by loop L 2 .
  • Fig. 6 the fault is detected by a control system (not illustrated), Si is closed (turned on) and the FCSi is started to be opened, creating an arc voltage that starts commutating the load current from the FCSi to the Si, represented by loop L 3 .
  • Expected commutation time of the FCSi to Si is about 0.5 ms.
  • FCSi is now open with sufficient voltage withstand due to no more existing arc.
  • the condition is now similar to a standard STS.
  • V SO urce 2 starts to conduct and supply current to both the load and the fault, represented by loops L 4 and L 5 .
  • the current in Si will eventually reach a zero crossing due to the voltage potential difference between V SO urce 2 and node 1.
  • they can now interrupt the current at the current zero crossing.
  • V SO urce2 not being controllable, i.e. a mechanical switch QA 2 does not exist, there may be increased risk of a transfer delay when thyristors are used in the STS. For e.g.
  • V SO urcei and V SO urce2 are not in phase with each other, or when the load does not have a phase factor of 1, there is a risk that the transfer is delayed.
  • the current through the STS may then have finished reversing before turning off Si. In this case, it would be beneficial to use forced commutated switches instead of thyristors.
  • Reverse load transfer i.e. transfer back to the main supply source from the alternative supply source, is illustrated in Figs. 11-14.
  • the load is in Fig. 11 supplied from alternative SOUrce Vsource2.
  • Vsourcei and Vsource2 are preferably synched with each other.
  • Fig. 12 are Si and S 2 closed (turned on) and both V SO urcei and V SO urce2 are supplying the load.
  • FCSi is closed. Turning on Si and S 2 , while keeping FCSi open, is preferred in case of a remaining fault on Vsourcei, enabling a fast current interruption by Si or S 2 .
  • Fig. 13 QA 2 is opened and the load is now supplied only from Vsourcei.
  • FCSi is closed, illustrated in Fig. 14, and Si and S 2 can be opened (turned off).
  • a fault at the load may further be detected, and handled by an upstream breaker, illustrated by QAi.
  • a fault is detected at the load side at node 4.
  • the upstream breaker QAi is opened and the fault is isolated.
  • the control and protection system should detect a high short circuit current or current derivative flowing through the FCSi and wait for an upstream breaker to disconnect the fault. If this detection condition cannot be fulfilled due to system characteristics, either the STS needs to be able to manage the short circuit current or the FCSi could be closed again during the short circuit if within design parameters of the FCSi. If forced commutating power electronic switches are used in the STS, the STS may break the short circuit itself.
  • Fig. i8 shows a flow chart sequence of the fault at the load side at node 4, described with reference to Figs. 16 and 17.
  • a detection system may potentially detect an abnormal voltage across the LLSTS and turn on (close) Si and S 2 . Without a cooling system, the LLSTS may initiate a transfer of the load to the alternative voltage source.
  • FIG. 21 A flow chart sequence the fault of the FCS into open circuit, described with reference to Figs. 19 and 20, is illustrated in Fig. 21.
  • a maintenance bypass switch may optionally be used in combination with disconnectors to perform maintenance on the LLSTS similar to a bypass switch illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 22 shows a single line diagram of the circuit setup with a maintenance bypass switch.
  • the additional components are the following.
  • QBi represents a disconnector forming a part of the maintenance switch.
  • QB 2 represents a disconnector forming a part of the maintenance switch.
  • QB 3 represents a disconnector forming a part of the maintenance switch.
  • Fig. 23 illustrates a single line diagram of the circuit setup with commutation assistance.
  • the commutation assistance will in this case need to be of a kind that breaks current before a zero crossing, such as IGBT.
  • Fig. 23 The additional components in Fig. 23 are the following.
  • S 5 represents a forced commutating switch such as an IGCT, IGBT or BIGT.
  • S 6 represents a forced commutating switch such as an IGCT, IGBT or BIGT.
  • the system may use a protection and control system that controls and synchs the FCS with the STS.
  • the control and protection system detects what type of fault occurs and takes decision if e.g. an upstream breaker should clear the fault or if the FCS should commutate the load current to the STS. In case of not fulfilling detection requirements for a fault at the load side and if within design parameters, the control system may decide to re-close FCSi.
  • the LLSTS may be used together with an alternative load such as a grid network, a UPS or a generator.
  • a controllable source such as a converter may assist in the load transfer.
  • the voltage phase angle of V SO urce2 may for a controllable source e.g. be adjusted to compensate for variations in the current direction in line commutated switches to ensure a fast turn off.

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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un agencement de commutation pour un transfert de charge de tension d'alimentation. L'agencement comprend un commutateur de transfert statique (STS) (S1, S2), et un commutateur à commutation mécanique rapide (FCS) (FCS1) connecté en parallèle avec le STS, de telle sorte que lorsque le FCS et le STS sont tous deux fermés, une boucle de courant fermée (L3) est créée à travers ceux-ci. L'invention concerne également un système et un procédé de transfert de charge de tension d'alimentation.
PCT/EP2017/054644 2017-02-28 2017-02-28 Commutation de transfert de charge WO2018157915A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2017/054644 WO2018157915A1 (fr) 2017-02-28 2017-02-28 Commutation de transfert de charge

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2017/054644 WO2018157915A1 (fr) 2017-02-28 2017-02-28 Commutation de transfert de charge

Publications (1)

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WO2018157915A1 true WO2018157915A1 (fr) 2018-09-07

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111292982A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-16 华北电力大学 一种具有互感抵消作用的串联半导体组件

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6051893A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-04-18 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply system for load
WO2014053554A1 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2014-04-10 Abb Technology Ag Disjoncteur comportant des modules de disjoncteur empilés

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6051893A (en) * 1998-10-29 2000-04-18 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Electric power supply system for load
WO2014053554A1 (fr) * 2012-10-05 2014-04-10 Abb Technology Ag Disjoncteur comportant des modules de disjoncteur empilés

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
HOSSEIN MOKHTARI ET AL: "Performance Evaluation of Thyristor Based Static Transfer Switch", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, IEEE SERVICE CENTER, NEW YORK, NY, US, vol. 15, no. 3, 1 July 2000 (2000-07-01), XP011049883, ISSN: 0885-8977 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111292982A (zh) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-16 华北电力大学 一种具有互感抵消作用的串联半导体组件

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