WO2018157624A1 - 电芯 - Google Patents

电芯 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018157624A1
WO2018157624A1 PCT/CN2017/111104 CN2017111104W WO2018157624A1 WO 2018157624 A1 WO2018157624 A1 WO 2018157624A1 CN 2017111104 W CN2017111104 W CN 2017111104W WO 2018157624 A1 WO2018157624 A1 WO 2018157624A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole piece
tab
metal layer
layer
electrically connected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/111104
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
莫明亮
舒威
陶涛
孙建政
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd filed Critical Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
Publication of WO2018157624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018157624A1/zh
Priority to US16/556,253 priority Critical patent/US20190386262A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0431—Cells with wound or folded electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0587—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/117—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/119—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/172—Arrangements of electric connectors penetrating the casing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
    • H01M50/538—Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • H01M50/579—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current in response to shock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/121—Organic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/584—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries
    • H01M50/586—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge for preventing incorrect connections inside or outside the batteries inside the batteries, e.g. incorrect connections of electrodes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of energy storage technologies, and in particular, to a battery core.
  • the main method adopted is to increase the energy density of the cells in the batteries that power these products, but As the energy density of the cell continues to increase, the cell is prone to thermal runaway under impact or puncture, which causes the cell to be susceptible to combustion and reduces the safety of the cell.
  • the current method commonly used in the industry is to extend the length of the blank current collector at the end of the cell, specifically, by sandwiching the blank positive current collector and the blank negative current collector with a separator.
  • the inner core of the electrolyte has a circle or even a multi-turn to improve the safety of the lithium-ion battery.
  • this structure increases the thickness of the cell, which is contrary to the development direction of its own high energy density. Therefore, in order to propose an energy density that can ensure the core, and to ensure the safety of the use of the battery, it has become an urgent problem to be solved.
  • the application provides a battery core, which can not only ensure its own energy density, but also improve its own use safety.
  • the application provides a battery core including a wound bare cell and a package covering the outside of the wound bare cell.
  • the wound bare cell has a first pole piece, a second pole piece opposite in polarity to the first pole piece, and an isolation disposed between the first pole piece and the second pole piece
  • the film is wound, the first pole piece is closer to the package body than the second pole piece, and the side of the outermost ring of the first pole piece facing the package body is empty Foil area
  • the package body includes a metal layer, the metal layer is spaced apart from the empty foil region, and the The metal layer is electrically connected to the tabs of the second pole piece.
  • the metal layer has an inner surface facing the wound bare cell and an outer surface facing away from the wound bare cell
  • the package further includes an adhesive layer and/or an insulating layer covering at least a portion of the inner surface, the insulating layer covering at least a portion of the outer surface.
  • the inner surface includes an adhesive surface covered with the adhesive layer and a tab inner connecting surface other than the adhesive surface, and the inner contact surface of the tab is electrically connected to the tab.
  • the inner contact surface of the tab is disposed opposite the portion of the tab along a direction perpendicular to the winding axis of the wound bare cell.
  • the first conductive member is further disposed on the inner connecting surface of the tab, and the tab is electrically connected to the metal layer through the first conductive member.
  • the outermost ring of the wound bare cell is the outermost ring of the first pole piece.
  • the outer surface includes an insulating surface covered with the insulating layer and a tab outer connecting surface other than the insulating surface,
  • the battery core further includes a second conductive member disposed on the outer connecting surface of the tab, and the tab is electrically connected to the metal layer through the second conductive member.
  • the first pole piece is a negative electrode piece
  • the second pole piece is a positive electrode piece
  • the metal layer is a metal aluminum layer
  • the metal aluminum layer is electrically connected to the tab of the positive electrode piece.
  • the first pole piece is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece is a negative pole piece
  • the metal layer is a stainless steel layer
  • the stainless steel layer is electrically connected to the tab of the negative pole piece.
  • the battery core provided by the present application electrically connects the metal layer of the package body with the tabs on the second pole piece, and at the same time, the side of the outermost ring of the first pole piece facing the package body is designed as an empty foil area, so that The electricity
  • the metal foreign matter first breaks through the metal layer of the package and then contacts the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece, since the metal layer of the package is already on the second pole piece.
  • the tab electrically connected, when the metal foreign matter contacts the empty foil area on the outermost ring of the first pole piece, the battery core is short-circuited.
  • the short-circuit current flows to the metal layer, and the metal layer is rapidly released due to the short circuit.
  • the heat is used to reduce the probability that the heat generated by the short circuit is transmitted to the electrolyte-rich pole piece inside the cell, thereby alleviating the internal heat generation of the cell, alleviating the situation in which the thermal runaway inside the cell causes the cell to explode and burn, and the heat is improved.
  • the safety of the battery is used.
  • the design can also prevent the outermost circumference of the second pole piece inside the wound bare cell from being provided with an empty foil area, thereby avoiding the burr of the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the second pole piece.
  • the occurrence of the internal isolation film of the battery core occurs to further improve the safety of use of the battery core.
  • the energy density of the battery cell can also be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional structural view of the battery core shown in FIG. 1 taken along the A-A direction;
  • Figure 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a portion B shown in Figure 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view showing a planar structure of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural view of the battery core shown in Figure 4 taken along the C-C direction;
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged schematic structural view of the portion D shown in Figure 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the tabs of the second pole piece and the package body in the battery core according to an embodiment of the present application;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the tabs of the second pole piece and the package body in the battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a battery core including a wound bare cell 1 and a package 2 covering the outside of the wound bare cell 1 .
  • the battery cell 1 is formed by winding a first pole piece 10, a second pole piece 11 having a polarity opposite to that of the first pole piece 10, and a separator 12 disposed between the first pole piece 10 and the second pole piece 11.
  • the first pole piece 10 is closer to the package body 2 than the second pole piece 11, and the side of the outermost ring of the first pole piece 10 facing the package body 2 is an empty foil area, and the empty foil area is
  • the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 is not coated with the active material layer; and the package body 2 includes the metal layer 20, which prevents the external liquid from infiltrating into the wound bare cell 1 or The electrolyte in the wound bare cell 1 is prevented from leaking to the outside, so that the safety of use of the cell can be improved.
  • the metal layer 20 is spaced apart from the empty foil region, and the metal layer 20 and the second pole piece 11 are separated.
  • the tab 11a is electrically connected.
  • the side of the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 facing the package 2 is designed as An empty foil region, such that when the battery core is subjected to special conditions such as impact or puncture, the metal foreign matter first breaks through the metal layer 20 of the package 2, and then contacts the empty foil region on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10, Since the metal layer 20 of the package 2 has been electrically connected to the tab 11a on the second pole piece 11, when the metal When the foreign matter contacts the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10, the battery core is short-circuited.
  • the short-circuit current flows to the metal layer 20, and the metal layer 20 rapidly releases heat generated by the short circuit to reduce the short circuit.
  • the heat energy is applied to the inner pole of the battery core with the probability of electrolyte, thereby alleviating the internal heat generation of the battery core, alleviating the thermal runaway inside the battery core, causing the battery core to explode and burn, and improving the safety of the battery core.
  • the design can also prevent the outermost circumference of the second pole piece 11 inside the wound bare cell 1 from being provided with an empty foil area, thereby avoiding the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the second pole piece 11. The occurrence of burrs piercing the inner separator of the battery core further improves the safety of use of the battery core.
  • the energy density of the battery core can also be improved.
  • the cell of the present embodiment has the same voltage at any place of the metal layer 20 of the package 2 when the cell is not subjected to special conditions such as impact or puncture. Therefore, no current flows to the metal layer 20.
  • the battery core when the battery core is subjected to special circumstances such as impact or puncture, the metal foreign matter will break through the metal layer 20 of the package 2 and contact the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10, Therefore, the battery core is short-circuited, and in the case where a short circuit occurs, most of the heat generated by the short circuit is released through the metal layer 20 since most of the current flows to the metal layer 20.
  • the empty foil area on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 also generates a certain amount of heat.
  • the side of the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 facing away from the package body 2 may also be an empty foil region, that is, The opposite sides of the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 are empty foil regions to improve the safety of use of the battery cells.
  • the metal layer 20 of the package body 2 has an inner surface facing the wound bare cell 1 and an outer surface facing away from the wound bare cell 1, and the package 2 is in addition to the metal layer 20
  • An adhesive layer 21 and/or an insulating layer 22 may also be included.
  • the adhesive layer 21 can cover the inner surface of the metal layer 20.
  • the sealing layer 21 can be sealed by providing the adhesive layer 21 on the inner surface of the metal layer 20, so that the wound bare cell 1 can be packaged. In the package 2, foreign matter is prevented from entering the wound bare cell 1, and the electrolyte in the wound bare cell 1 is prevented from leaking to the outside.
  • the bonding layer 21 can also be closely adhered to the wound bare cell 1, so that the wound bare cell 1 can be prevented from shaking in the package 2, affecting Effect.
  • the bonding layer 21 is disposed between the metal layer 20 and the wound bare cell 1, and can effectively reduce the probability of the metal layer 20 contacting the empty foil region of the outermost ring of the first pole piece 10 to ensure the The battery can be used normally.
  • the insulating layer 22 can cover the inner surface of the metal layer 20.
  • the protection of the cell can be achieved, the probability of the external electrified body contacting the metal layer 20 is reduced, and the cell is improved. Use security.
  • the above-mentioned adhesive layer 21 can be made of a PP (polypropylene) material, which can be bonded after heating, so that the sealing of the package 2 can be achieved, and the insulating layer 22 can be used. It is made of a nylon material with electrical conductivity, so that the external charged body can be prevented from contacting the metal layer 20, which affects the normal use of the battery core. It should be noted that the material of the adhesive layer 21 and the insulating layer 22 is not limited to the above-described form, and any effect can be obtained as long as the effects of the adhesive layer 21 and the insulating layer 22 in the present embodiment can be achieved.
  • the adhesive layer 21 may cover at least a portion of the inner surface. That is to say, when the package body 2 includes the adhesive layer 21, the cover layer 21 on the inner surface of the metal layer 20 can be covered in two ways: first, the inner surface of the metal layer 20 can be completely covered with a paste. The second layer, a portion of the inner surface of the metal layer is covered with the bonding layer 21.
  • the two coverage forms of the bonding layer 21 are specifically described below:
  • the inner surface of the metal layer 20 of the package 2 includes an adhesive surface covered with the adhesive layer 21 and an inner connecting surface of the tab except the bonding surface.
  • the connecting surface is electrically connected to the tab 11a, that is, the inner surface of the metal layer 20 is not entirely covered with the bonding layer 21, and the portion not covering the bonding layer 21 is electrically connected to the tab 11a, so that the design can lower the metal
  • the connection between the layer 20 and the tab 11a of the second pole piece 11 is difficult, so that the production cost of the battery cell can be effectively reduced.
  • the inner connecting surface of the tab is disposed opposite to the portion of the tab 11a, and the tabs of the metal layer 20 and the second pole piece 11 can be further reduced. 11a connection difficulty.
  • the projection surface of the connecting surface of the tab can also be in the projection plane of the tab 11a disposed opposite thereto,
  • the design ensures that the metal layer 20 is connected to the tab 11a while also allowing the inner contact surface of the tab to occupy a smaller portion of the inner surface of the metal layer 20, that is, the bonding layer 21 occupies the metal layer 20.
  • the larger portion of the inner surface can improve the packaging effect of the package 2, and can also effectively reduce the probability of the metal layer 20 contacting the empty foil region of the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10, thereby improving the safety of the battery core. Sex.
  • the battery core may further include a first conductive member 3 disposed on the inner connecting surface of the tab, and the tab 11a of the second pole piece 11 may pass through the first conductive member 3
  • the metal layer 20 is electrically connected.
  • the electrical connection between the tab 11a of the second pole piece 11 and the metal layer 20 is achieved by the first conductive member 3, so that any one of the tab 11a and the metal layer 20 can be avoided.
  • the folding is performed to realize the electrical connection between the tab 11a and the metal layer 20, and the connection reliability of the tab 11a and the metal layer 20 is ensured.
  • the inner surface of the metal layer 20 of the package 2 is entirely covered with the adhesive layer 21 , so that the design can improve the packaging effect of the package 2 and can effectively reduce the metal layer 20 .
  • the probability of contact with the empty foil region of the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10 can improve the safety of use of the battery core.
  • a portion of the bonding layer 21 on the metal layer 20 may be hot-pressed by a hot pressing jig to completely melt the metal layer, and a bare metal layer is exposed.
  • a portion of the metal layer is electrically connected to the tab 11a, wherein the final state after the package and the tab are hot pressed is as shown in FIG.
  • the outermost circumference of the wound bare cell 1 may be the first pole piece 10
  • the outermost ring, that is, the wound bare cell 1 is only finished with the outermost ring of the first pole piece 10, and when the cell is subjected to special circumstances such as impact or puncture, the metal foreign matter will break through the package in turn.
  • the metal layer 20 of the body 2, the bonding layer 21, and then the outermost ring of the wound bare cell 1 is in contact with the empty foil region on the outermost circumference of the first pole piece 10, so that the design can reduce the volume
  • the use of the outermost separator 12 of the wound bare cell 1 is such that, in the case where the thickness of the cell is constant, since the wound bare cell 1 of the present application lacks the use of the outermost ring separator 12, The energy density of the wound bare cell 1 can be increased.
  • the insulating layer 22 can cover at least a portion of the outer surface, that is, when the package 2 includes the insulating layer 22, the insulating layer on the outer surface of the metal layer 20
  • the cover form of 22 may be two solutions: in the first solution, the outer surface of the metal layer 20 may be entirely covered with the insulating layer 22; the second solution, one of the outer surfaces of the metal layer 20 Part of the cover is covered with an insulating layer 22.
  • the two scheme coverage forms of the insulating layer 22 are specifically described below:
  • the first solution when the portion of the package 2 opposite to the tab 11a can be disposed as a hollow structure, and the inner wall surface of the hollow structure has a bare metal layer 20 and the second pole
  • the tab 11a of the sheet 11 can fill the entire hollow structure and be electrically connected to the bare metal layer 20 in the hollow structure. Or when the tab 11a is electrically connected to the inner surface of the metal layer 20, the outer surface of the metal layer 20 may not be electrically connected to the tab 11a. Therefore, the outer surface of the metal layer 20 may completely cover the insulating layer 22 to The probability of the external charged body contacting the metal layer 20 is further reduced, and the safety of use of the battery core is improved.
  • the package body 2 includes an insulating layer 22, and an outer surface of the metal layer 20 of the package body 2 includes an insulating surface covered with the insulating layer 22 and an insulating surface.
  • the pole outer connecting surface, and the battery core further includes a second conductive member 4 disposed on the outer connecting surface of the tab, and the tab 11a is electrically connected to the metal layer 20 through the second conductive member 4.
  • the outer surface of the metal layer 20 is not entirely covered with the insulating layer 22, and the portion not covered with the insulating layer 22 is provided with the second conductive member 4, which is electrically connected to the tab 11a through the second conductive member 4
  • the connection is designed such that the difficulty in electrically connecting the metal layer 20 to the tab 11a of the second pole piece 11 can be reduced, thereby effectively reducing the production cost of the battery cell.
  • the outer connecting surface of the tab can be disposed at a position that is not easily touched, so as to reduce the probability that the external electrified body contacts the metal layer 20, and improve the safety of use of the battery core.
  • the tab of the first pole piece 10 and the metal layer 20 of the package 2 are filled with a non-conductive material to avoid the tabs and the package of the first pole piece 10.
  • the metal layer 20 of 2 is electrically conducted.
  • the assembly relationship between the wound bare cell 1 and the package 2 is preferably the following two methods:
  • the first pole piece 10 of the wound bare cell 1 is a negative electrode piece
  • the second pole piece 11 is a positive electrode piece
  • the metal layer 20 of the package 2 is a metal aluminum layer
  • the metal aluminum The layer is electrically connected to the tabs of the positive pole piece. That is, when the metal layer 20 of the package 2 is a metal aluminum layer, the metal aluminum layer is preferably electrically connected to the tabs of the positive electrode tab, wherein during operation of the battery core, Since the negative electrode tab is at a low potential, if the metal aluminum layer is electrically connected to the tab of the negative electrode tab, lithium ions in the battery core react at the junction of the tab of the negative pole tab and the metal aluminum layer to form aluminum lithium. (AlLi) alloy, which will cause severe corrosion of the joint between the tab of the negative pole piece and the metal aluminum layer, affecting the normal use of the battery.
  • the first pole piece 10 of the wound bare cell 1 is a positive pole piece
  • the second pole piece 11 is a negative pole piece
  • the metal layer 20 of the package 2 is a stainless steel layer
  • the stainless steel layer is preferably electrically connected to the tabs of the negative electrode tab, wherein the positive pole piece is at a high potential during operation of the battery core, if The stainless steel layer is electrically connected to the tabs of the positive electrode tab, and the iron in the stainless steel undergoes an oxidation reaction which is corroded to affect the normal use of the cell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

一种电芯，涉及储能技术领域，包括卷绕式裸电芯（1）和包裹在卷绕式裸电芯（1）外侧的封装体（2），卷绕式裸电芯（1）由第一极片（10）、与第一极片（10）的极性相反的第二极片（11）及设置在第一极片（10）与第二极片（11）之间的隔离膜（12）卷绕而成，第一极片（10）相较于第二极片（11）更靠近封装体（2），且第一极片（10）的最外圈上朝向封装体（2）的一侧为空箔区；封装体（2）包括与第二极片（11）的极耳（11a）电连接的金属层（20），金属层（20）与空箔区具有间隔。在电芯遭受到金属异物冲击时，金属异物先会冲破封装体（2）的金属层（20），然后与第一极片（10）最外圈上的空箔区接触，由于封装体（2）的金属层（20）已经与第二极片（11）上的极耳（11a）电连接，当金属异物接触到第一极片（10）最外圈上的空箔区时，电芯发生短路，金属层（20）可迅速释放热量，以缓解电芯内部发生热失控的情况。

Description

电芯 技术领域
本申请涉及储能技术领域，尤其涉及一种电芯。
背景技术
近来，人们对便携式设备和电动汽车等设备的需求愈加频繁，因此，为了保证这类产品的工作时长，现采用的主要方式为提高为这类产品提供动力的电池中电芯的能量密度，但伴随着电芯的能量密度不断提升，电芯在受到冲击或穿刺的情况下很容易发生热失控，从而导致该电芯很容易发生燃烧等问题，降低了电芯的使用安全性。
为了解决这一问题，目前行业内普遍采用的方式为在电芯收尾处延长空白集流体的长度，具体地，通过使空白的正极集流体和空白的负极集流体中间夹以隔离膜来包覆富有电解液的内部电芯一圈甚至是多圈的方式，来提高锂离子电池的安全性能。但这种结构会增加电芯的厚度，与其自身高能量密度的发展方向相违背。因此，为了提出一种既能保证该电芯的能量密度，又能够保证该电芯的使用安全性成为目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种电芯，既能保证自身的能量密度，又能够提高自身的使用安全性。
本申请提供了一种电芯，其包括卷绕式裸电芯和覆盖在所述卷绕式裸电芯外侧的封装体，
所述卷绕式裸电芯由第一极片、与所述第一极片的极性相反的第二极片及设置在所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔离膜卷绕而成，所述第一极片相较于所述第二极片更靠近所述封装体，且所述第一极片的最外圈上朝向所述封装体的一侧为空箔区；
所述封装体包括金属层，所述金属层与所述空箔区具有间隔，且所述 金属层与所述第二极片的极耳电连接。
优选地，
所述金属层具有朝向所述卷绕式裸电芯的内表面和背离所述卷绕式裸电芯的外表面，
所述封装体还包括粘接层和/或绝缘层，所述粘接层覆盖至少一部分所述内表面，所述绝缘层覆盖至少一部分所述外表面。
优选地，
所述内表面包括覆盖有所述粘接层的粘接面和除所述粘接面之外的极耳内连接面，所述极耳内连接面与所述极耳电连接。
优选地，
沿垂直于所述卷绕式裸电芯的卷绕轴线的方向，所述极耳内连接面与所述极耳的部分正对设置。
优选地，还包括第一导电件，所述第一导电件设置在所述极耳内连接面上，所述极耳通过所述第一导电件与所述金属层电连接。
优选地，
所述卷绕式裸电芯的最外圈为所述第一极片的最外圈。
优选地，
所述外表面包括覆盖有所述绝缘层的绝缘面和除所述绝缘面之外的极耳外连接面，
所述电芯还包括第二导电件，所述第二导电件设置在所述极耳外连接面上，所述极耳通过所述第二导电件与所述金属层电连接。
优选地，
所述第一极片为负极极片，所述第二极片为正极极片，且所述金属层为金属铝层，所述金属铝层与所述正极极片的极耳电连接。
优选地，所述第一极片为正极极片，所述第二极片为负极极片，且所述金属层为不锈钢层，所述不锈钢层与所述负极极片的极耳电连接。
本申请提供的技术方案可以达到以下有益效果：
本申请所提供的电芯，将封装体的金属层与第二极片上的极耳电连接，同时将第一极片的最外圈上朝向封装体的一侧设计为空箔区，这样在该电 芯遭受到金属异物冲击或刺穿时，金属异物首先会冲破封装体的金属层，然后与第一极片最外圈上的空箔区接触，由于封装体的金属层已经与第二极片上的极耳电连接，当金属异物接触到第一极片最外圈上的空箔区时，电芯即发生短路，此时，短路电流流向金属层，而金属层则迅速释放由于短路产生的热量，以降低短路产生的热能传递到电芯内部的富有电解质的极片上的概率，从而缓解了电芯的内部发热，缓解了电芯内部发生热失控导致电芯爆炸和燃烧的情况，提高了电芯的使用安全性。另外，这样设计，还能够使卷绕式裸电芯内部的第二极片的最外圈不用设置有空箔区，因此，可避免该第二极片最外圈上的空箔区毛刺刺穿电芯内部隔离膜的情况发生，进一步提高电芯的使用安全性。并且，在电芯的大小保持不变的情况下，由于第二极片的最外圈不具有空箔区，因此，还可提高电芯的能量密度。
应当理解的是，以上的一般描述和后文的细节描述仅是示例性的，并不能限制本申请。
附图说明
图1为本申请一个实施例所提供的电芯的平面结构示意图；
图2为图1中所示的电芯沿A-A方向的剖视结构示意图；
图3为图2中所示的B部的放大结构示意图；
图4为本申请另一个实施例所提供的电芯的平面结构示意图；
图5为图4中所示的电芯沿C-C方向的剖视结构示意图；
图6为图5中所示的D部的放大结构示意图；
图7为本申请一个实施例所提供的电芯中，第二极片的极耳与封装体的装配示意图；
图8为本申请另一个实施例所提供的电芯中，第二极片的极耳与封装体的装配示意图。
附图标记：
1-卷绕式裸电芯；
10-第一极片；
11-第二极片；
11a-极耳
12-隔离膜；
2-封装体；
20-金属层；
21-粘接层；
22-绝缘层。
3-第一导电件；
4-第二导电件。
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例并结合附图对本申请做进一步的详细描述。
如图1至图8所示，本申请实施例提供了一种电芯，其包括卷绕式裸电芯1和覆盖在卷绕式裸电芯1外侧的封装体2，该卷绕式裸电芯1由第一极片10、与第一极片10的极性相反的第二极片11及设置在第一极片10与第二极片11之间的隔离膜12卷绕而成，其中，第一极片10相较于第二极片11更靠近封装体2，且第一极片10的最外圈上朝向封装体2的一侧为空箔区，该空箔区为第一极片10的最外圈上未涂覆有活性物质层的区域；而封装体2包括金属层20，该金属层20可避免外界液体渗入到卷绕式裸电芯1中，也可避免卷绕式裸电芯1中的电解液泄露至外部，从而可提高电芯的使用安全性，另外，该金属层20与空箔区具有间隔，且该金属层20与第二极片11的极耳11a电连接。
在本实施例中，由于将封装体2的金属层20与第二极片11上的极耳11a电连接，同时将第一极片10的最外圈上朝向封装体2的一侧设计为空箔区，这样在该电芯遭受到冲击或刺穿等特殊情况时，金属异物首先会冲破封装体2的金属层20，然后与第一极片10最外圈上的空箔区接触，由于封装体2的金属层20已经与第二极片11上的极耳11a电连接，当金属 异物接触到第一极片10最外圈上的空箔区时，电芯即发生短路，此时，短路电流流向金属层20，且金属层20迅速释放由于短路产生的热量，以降低短路产生的热能施加到电芯内部富有电解质的极片的概率，从而缓解了电芯的内部发热，缓解了电芯内部发生热失控从而导致电芯爆炸和燃烧的情况，提高了电芯的使用安全性。另外，这样设计还能够使卷绕式裸电芯1内部的第二极片11的最外圈不用设置有空箔区，因此，可避免该第二极片11最外圈上的空箔区毛刺刺穿电芯内部隔离膜的情况发生，进一步提高电芯的使用安全性。并且，在电芯的大小保持不变的情况下，由于第二极片11的最外圈不具有空箔区，因此，还可提高电芯的能量密度。
值得说明的是，本实施例的电芯在正常使用情况下，即：该电芯在不遭受冲击或刺穿等特殊情况时，由于封装体2的金属层20的任一处的电压均相同，因此没有电流流向金属层20。
另外，还需要说明的是，当电芯遭受到冲击或刺穿等特殊情况时，金属异物会冲破封装体2的金属层20并与第一极片10最外圈上的空箔区接触，从而使电芯发生短路，在发生短路的情况下，由于电流绝大部分流向金属层20，因此，短路产生的大部分热量通过金属层20释放出去。但是在短路发生时，第一极片10的最外圈上的空箔区也会产生一定的热量。因此，为了进一步降低短路产生的热能施加到富有电解质的极片的概率，优选地，第一极片10的最外圈上背离封装体2的一侧也可为空箔区，也就是说，第一极片10的最外圈上的相对两侧均为空箔区，以提高电芯的使用安全性。
在本实施例中，上述封装体2的金属层20具有朝向卷绕式裸电芯1的内表面和背离卷绕式裸电芯1的外表面，且该封装体2除了金属层20之外，还可包括粘接层21和/或绝缘层22。
其中，上述粘接层21可覆盖在金属层20的内表面，通过在金属层20的内表面设置粘接层21可实现封装体2的密封，从而可实现卷绕式裸电芯1封装在封装体2中，避免了外界杂质进入到卷绕式裸电芯1中，并且防止了卷绕式裸电芯1中的电解液泄露至外部。且该粘接层21还可与卷绕式裸电芯1紧密贴合，从而可避免卷绕式裸电芯1在封装体2中晃动，影响 使用效果。另外，该粘接层21设置在金属层20和卷绕式裸电芯1之间，还可有效降低金属层20与第一极片10最外圈的空箔区接触的概率，以确保该电芯能够正常使用。而绝缘层22可覆盖金属层20的内表面，通过在金属层20的外表面设置绝缘层22，可实现对电芯的保护，降低外界带电体接触到金属层20的概率，提高电芯的使用安全性。
上述提到的粘接层21可采用PP(Polypropylene，聚丙烯)材料制成，该PP材料在加热后能够起到粘接作用，从而能够实现封装体2的密封，而绝缘层22可采用不具有电传导性的尼龙材料制成，从而可避免外界带电体接触到金属层20，影响电芯的正常使用。需要说明的是，该粘接层21和绝缘层22的材料不限于上述形式，只要能够达到本实施例中粘接层21和绝缘层22的效果，则都可以被使用。
在本实施例中，当封装体2包括粘接层21时，该粘接层21可覆盖至少一部分内表面。也就是说，在封装体2包括粘接层21时，金属层20的内表面上粘接层21的覆盖形式可为两种方式：第一种，金属层20的内表面可全部覆盖有粘接层21；第二种，金属层的内表面的一部分覆盖有粘接层21。下面分别对粘接层21的这两种覆盖形式进行具体阐述：
第一种，参考图7所示，该封装体2的金属层20的内表面包括覆盖有粘接层21的粘接面和除粘接面之外的极耳内连接面，该极耳内连接面与极耳11a电连接，也就是说，金属层20的内表面并未全部覆盖有粘接层21，并且未覆盖粘接层21的部分与极耳11a电连接，这样设计可以降低金属层20与第二极片11的极耳11a的连接难度，从而可有效降低该电芯的生产成本。
优选地，沿垂直于卷绕式裸电芯1的卷绕轴线的方向，极耳内连接面与极耳11a的部分正对设置，可进一步降低金属层20与第二极片11的极耳11a的连接难度。
进一步地，沿垂直于卷绕式裸电芯1的卷绕轴线的方向得到的投影中，极耳内连接面的投影面还可在与之正对设置的极耳11a的投影面内，这样设计在保证金属层20与极耳11a连接的同时，还能使得极耳内连接面占据金属层20的内表面较小的部分，也就是说，粘接层21占据了金属层20的 内表面较大的部分，这样可提高封装体2的封装效果，并且还可有效减小金属层20与第一极片10最外圈的空箔区接触的概率，从而可提高电芯使用安全性。
再进一步地，该电芯还可包括第一导电件3，该第一导电件3设置在极耳内连接面上，且上述第二极片11的极耳11a可通过第一导电件3与金属层20电连接，本申请中，通过第一导电件3实现第二极片11的极耳11a与金属层20的电连接，这样可避免极耳11a和金属层20中的任一者弯折，从而实现极耳11a与金属层20电连接的情况，保证了极耳11a与金属层20的连接可靠性。
第二种，参考图8所示，该封装体2的金属层20的内表面全部覆盖有该粘接层21，这样设计可提高封装体2的封装效果，并且还可有效减小金属层20与第一极片10最外圈的空箔区接触的概率，从而可提高电芯使用安全性。
当金属层20的内表面全部覆盖有该粘接层21时，可采用热压夹具热压金属层20上的部分粘接层21使其完全熔化，并裸露出部分金属层，该裸露出的部分金属层与极耳11a电连接，其中，封装体与极耳热压后的最终状态如图8所示。
另外，在本实施例中，当封装体2包括粘接在金属层20的内表面的粘接层21时，该卷绕式裸电芯1的最外圈可为上述第一极片10的最外圈，也就是说，该卷绕式裸电芯1仅以第一极片10的最外圈收尾，当该电芯遭受到冲击或刺穿等特殊情况时，金属异物会依次冲破封装体2的金属层20、粘接层21，然后与卷绕式裸电芯1的最外圈接触，即：与第一极片10最外圈上的空箔区接触，这样设计可减少卷绕式裸电芯1最外层隔离膜12的使用，在电芯厚度不变的情况下，由于本申请中的卷绕式裸电芯1少了最外圈隔离膜12的使用，因此，可提高该卷绕式裸电芯1的能量密度。
其中，当本实施例的封装体2包括绝缘层22时，该绝缘层22可覆盖至少一部分外表面，也就是说，在封装体2包括绝缘层22时，金属层20的外表面上绝缘层22的覆盖形式可为两个方案：第一个方案，金属层20的外表面可全部覆盖有绝缘层22；第二个方案，金属层20的外表面的一 部分覆盖有绝缘层22。下面分别对绝缘层22的这两个方案覆盖形式进行具体阐述：
第一个方案，参考图5和图6所示，当封装体2上与极耳11a相对的部位可设置成镂空结构，且该镂空结构的内壁面具有裸露的金属层20，而第二极片11的极耳11a可填充整个镂空结构并与镂空结构内裸露的金属层20电连接时。或当极耳11a与金属层20的内表面电连接时，该金属层20的外表面则可以不用于极耳11a电连接，因此，该金属层20的外表面可全部覆盖绝缘层22，以进一步降低外界带电体接触到金属层20的概率，提高电芯的使用安全性。
第二个方案，参考图1和图2所示，上述封装体2包括绝缘层22，该封装体2的金属层20的外表面包括覆盖有绝缘层22的绝缘面和除绝缘面之外的极耳外连接面，而电芯还包括第二导电件4，该第二导电件4设置在极耳外连接面上，极耳11a通过第二导电件4与金属层20电连接。也就是说，金属层20的外表面并未全部覆盖有绝缘层22，并且未覆盖绝缘层22的部分设置有第二导电件4，该金属层20通过第二导电件4与极耳11a电连接，这样设计可以降低金属层20与第二极片11的极耳11a电连接的难度，从而可有效降低该电芯的生产成本。
值得说明的是，在第二个方案中，该极耳外连接面可设置在不容易被触碰的地方，以降低外界带电体接触到金属层20的概率，提高电芯的使用安全性。
另外，还需要说明的是，本实施例中，第一极片10的极耳与封装体2的金属层20之间填充有非导电材料，以避免第一极片10的极耳与封装体2的金属层20电导通。
基于上述结构，以本申请的电芯为锂离子电芯为例，卷绕式裸电芯1与封装体2之间的装配关系优选下列两种方式：
第一种方式，上述卷绕式裸电芯1的第一极片10为负极极片，第二极片11为正极极片，而封装体2的金属层20为金属铝层，该金属铝层与正极极片的极耳电连接。也就是说，当封装体2的金属层20为金属铝层时，该金属铝层优选与正极极片的极耳电连接，其中，在该电芯工作过程中， 由于负极极片处于低电位，如果将金属铝层与负极极片的极耳电连接，该电芯内的锂离子会在负极极片的极耳与金属铝层的连接处发生反应形成铝锂(AlLi)合金，从而会导致负极极片的极耳与金属铝层的连接处发生严重的腐蚀，影响该电芯的正常使用。
第二种方式，上述卷绕式裸电芯1的第一极片10为正极极片，第二极片11为负极极片，而封装体2的金属层20为不锈钢层，该不锈钢层与负极极片的极耳电连接。也就是说，当封装体2的金属层20为不锈钢层时，该不锈钢层优选与负极极片的极耳电连接，其中，在该电芯工作过程中，由于正极极片处于高电位，如果将不锈钢层与正极极片的极耳电连接，该不锈钢内的铁会发生氧化反应被腐蚀影响该电芯的正常使用。
以上所述仅为本申请的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本申请，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本申请可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本申请的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种电芯，其特征在于，包括卷绕式裸电芯和包裹在所述卷绕式裸电芯外侧的封装体，
    所述卷绕式裸电芯由第一极片、与所述第一极片的极性相反的第二极片及设置在所述第一极片与所述第二极片之间的隔离膜卷绕而成，所述第一极片相较于所述第二极片更靠近所述封装体，且所述第一极片的最外圈上朝向所述封装体的一侧为空箔区；
    所述封装体包括金属层，所述金属层与所述空箔区具有间隔，且所述金属层与所述第二极片的极耳电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    所述金属层具有朝向所述卷绕式裸电芯的内表面和背离所述卷绕式裸电芯的外表面，
    所述封装体还包括粘接层和/或绝缘层，所述粘接层覆盖至少一部分所述内表面，所述绝缘层覆盖至少一部分所述外表面。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    所述内表面包括覆盖有所述粘接层的粘接面和除所述粘接面之外的极耳内连接面，所述极耳电连接在所述极耳内连接面上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    沿垂直于所述卷绕式裸电芯的卷绕轴线的方向，所述极耳内连接面与所述极耳的部分正对设置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电芯，其特征在于，还包括第一导电件，所述第一导电件设置在所述极耳内连接面上，所述极耳通过所述第一导电件与所述金属层电连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    所述卷绕式裸电芯的最外圈为所述第一极片的最外圈。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    所述外表面包括覆盖有所述绝缘层的绝缘面和除所述绝缘面之外的极 耳外连接面，
    所述电芯还包括第二导电件，所述第二导电件设置在所述极耳外连接面上，所述极耳通过所述第二导电件与所述金属层电连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电芯，其特征在于，
    所述第一极片为负极极片，所述第二极片为正极极片，且所述金属层为金属铝层，所述金属铝层与所述正极极片的极耳电连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的电芯，其特征在于，所述第一极片为正极极片，所述第二极片为负极极片，且所述金属层为不锈钢层，所述不锈钢层与所述负极极片的极耳电连接。
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