WO2018153155A1 - 一种电池盖板组件及电池 - Google Patents

一种电池盖板组件及电池 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018153155A1
WO2018153155A1 PCT/CN2017/117408 CN2017117408W WO2018153155A1 WO 2018153155 A1 WO2018153155 A1 WO 2018153155A1 CN 2017117408 W CN2017117408 W CN 2017117408W WO 2018153155 A1 WO2018153155 A1 WO 2018153155A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
temperature
electrode terminal
memory elastic
cover assembly
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PCT/CN2017/117408
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡世超
蒋露霞
周江涛
程晗
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Publication of WO2018153155A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018153155A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147—Lids or covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
    • H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of battery protection technologies, and in particular, to a battery cover assembly and a battery.
  • the battery When the battery is subjected to abuse conditions such as impact or overheating, a series of complex electrochemical reactions occur inside the battery. When these abnormalities are not effectively controlled, the battery may be in danger of igniting or even exploding when the battery is out of control.
  • the solution is that when the ambient temperature is higher than the predetermined temperature, the breaking unit generates deformation and separates the conductive lead from the conductive terminal to cut off the circuit.
  • the battery protection device can protect the battery by cutting the conductive lead and the conductive terminal by the deformation of the breaking unit when the battery is thermally out of control.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present application is that in the prior art, when the battery is abnormal, the battery is out of control, and the internal circuit of the battery is cut off, the internal energy of the battery is not dissipated in time, and the battery is still facing the technical problem of burning or even exploding.
  • the application provides a battery cover assembly and a battery.
  • the present invention provides a battery cover assembly, the cover assembly includes a cover body and an electrode terminal, and the electrode terminal is insulated from the cover body through the cover body, wherein the battery cover assembly is further
  • the invention comprises a temperature memory elastic element, wherein one end of the temperature memory elastic element is connected to the electrode terminal or the cover body, and the other end is a free end, and the temperature memory elastic element can extend or contract according to a temperature change, the temperature memory elasticity
  • the component can electrically connect the electrode terminal to the cover body when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • an electrode lead piece electrically connected to the electrode terminal is further disposed between the electrode terminal and the temperature memory elastic element, and one end of the temperature memory elastic element is connected to the electrode lead piece; the temperature memory elastic element can be in the battery When the internal temperature is higher than the preset temperature control threshold, the free end is in contact with the cover body.
  • the free end of the temperature memory elastic element is provided with a contact piece, and the contact piece is in contact with the cover body when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • one end of the temperature memory elastic element is connected to the cover body, and the temperature memory elastic element can be in contact with the electrode terminal when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • one end of the electrode terminal is connected with an electrode lead-out piece, and the temperature memory elastic element can be in contact with the electrode lead-out piece when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • the free end of the temperature memory elastic element is provided with a contact piece, and the contact piece is in contact with the electrode terminal or the electrode lead piece when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • the electrode lead-out piece is located below the cover body, and the temperature memory elastic element is located below the cover body.
  • the preset temperature control threshold is 50-60 degrees Celsius.
  • the temperature memory elastic element is a spring-like memory alloy element.
  • a first sealing member for insulating sealing is disposed between the electrode terminal and the cover body.
  • the electrode terminal is a negative terminal.
  • the cover assembly further includes a positive terminal, and the positive terminal is electrically connected to the cover.
  • a second sealing member is disposed between the positive electrode terminal and the cover plate, and the second sealing member is a low resistance sealing structure.
  • the electrode terminal includes a positive terminal and a negative terminal
  • the temperature memory elastic element includes at least two, and at least one temperature memory elastic element can enable the positive terminal and the cover when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than a preset temperature control threshold.
  • the board body is electrically connected; the at least one temperature memory elastic element can electrically connect the negative terminal to the cover body when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • the present application also provides a battery including a battery case, a battery core, and a battery cover assembly, the battery case cooperating with the battery cover assembly to form a battery case accommodating the battery core, The electrode terminal and the electrode of the battery cell are electrically connected through the electrode lead tab.
  • the temperature memory elastic element is located inside the battery case and below the cover body.
  • the present application provides a battery cover assembly by which a temperature memory elastic member in the battery cover assembly is disposed between an electrode terminal and a battery cover assembly.
  • the battery is thermally out of control.
  • the temperature memory elastic element is deformed, and the free end of the temperature memory elastic element extends, so that the temperature memory elastic element electrically connects the cover body and the electrode terminal, thereby causing the electrode
  • the terminal is electrically connected to the main body of the cover plate, and finally realizes a short circuit inside the battery, and quickly releases the energy in the battery, effectively preventing the battery from reaching the thermal runaway point, protecting the battery under abnormal conditions, and improving the safety performance of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery in a normal state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery abnormal state according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a battery with a charged core according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • Negative electrode terminal 2 contact piece 3; liquid injection hole sealing cover 4; explosion-proof valve 5; positive electrode terminal 6; negative electrode lead piece 8; temperature memory elastic member 9; positive electrode lead piece 10; battery case 11; cover body 12; Core 13; first seal 21; second seal 22.
  • first and second are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.
  • features defining “first” or “second” may include at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
  • the meaning of "a plurality” is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. , or integrated; can be mechanical or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements, unless otherwise specified Limited.
  • the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood on a case-by-case basis.
  • the first feature "on” or “below” the second feature may be the direct contact of the first and second features, or the first and second features are indirectly through the intermediate medium, unless otherwise explicitly stated and defined. contact.
  • the first feature "above”, “above” and “above” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly above or above the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is higher than the second feature.
  • the first feature “below”, “below” and “below” the second feature may be that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely that the first feature level is less than the second feature.
  • the present application provides a battery cover assembly including a cover body 12 and an electrode terminal, the electrode terminal is insulated and sealed from the cover body 12 through the cover body 12, and the battery cover assembly is further A temperature memory elastic member 9 is included, one end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is connected to the electrode terminal or the cover body 12, and the other end is a free end, and the temperature memory elastic member 9 can be extended or contracted according to temperature changes.
  • the temperature memory elastic member 9 can electrically connect the electrode terminal to the cover body 12 when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold.
  • a battery cover assembly provided by the present application is disposed between the electrode terminal and the cover body 12 through the temperature memory elastic member 9 in the battery cover assembly, when the battery is abnormal inside.
  • the thermal runaway of the battery causes the internal temperature of the battery to rise, and the internal temperature of the battery is higher than a certain value, the temperature memory elastic member 9 is deformed, and the free end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is extended so that the electrode terminal is connected to the cover body 12.
  • the internal short circuit of the battery is finally realized, the energy in the battery is quickly released, the battery is effectively prevented from reaching the thermal runaway point, and the battery is protected under abnormal conditions. Improve the safety of the battery.
  • one end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is connected to the electrode terminal. Specifically, between the electrode terminal and the temperature memory elastic member 9, an electrode lead piece electrically connected to the electrode terminal is provided, and then the temperature is set. One end of the memory elastic member 9 is connected to the electrode lead piece; and the temperature end memory element 9 is in contact with the cover main body 12 when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold, so that the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the cover main body 12.
  • the free end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is provided with a contact piece 3, and the contact piece 3 increases the contact area, which facilitates sufficient contact between the free end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 and the cover body 12, and is effectively realized. A short circuit inside the battery when the battery is abnormal, improving battery safety.
  • the contact piece 3 When the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold, the contact piece 3 is in contact with the cover main body 12 to electrically connect the electrode terminal to the cover main body 12.
  • the electrode lead-out piece may be located above the cover plate or under the cover plate, and when it is located under the cover plate, the electrode lead-out piece which can be used as a battery is directly electrically connected to the battery cell 13 inside the battery, so that the temperature memory elastic element 9 is better.
  • the internal temperature of the battery is sensed. When the internal battery is abnormal, the battery is short-circuited in time to protect the battery.
  • the temperature memory elastic member 9 may be connected to the cover body 12, for example, one end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is connected to the cover main body 12, and the temperature inside the battery is high through the temperature memory elastic member 9.
  • the free end is in contact with the electrode terminal at a preset temperature control threshold to electrically connect the electrode terminal to the cover body 12.
  • one end of the electrode terminal is connected with an electrode lead-out piece, and the temperature memory elastic element 9 can contact the electrode lead piece at the free end when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold, so that the electrode terminal is electrically connected to the cover body 12 .
  • the electrode lead-out piece may be located above the cover plate or under the cover plate, and when it is located under the cover plate, it can be directly connected to the battery core 13 inside the battery as the internal electrode lead-out piece of the battery.
  • the electrode lead tab is preferably parallel to the battery cover.
  • the free end of the temperature memory elastic member 9 is provided with a contact piece 3, and the contact piece 3 is in contact with the electrode terminal or the electrode lead-out piece when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold, so that the battery is When the internal abnormality is short, the battery is short-circuited and the battery is protected, which is beneficial to improve the safety performance of the battery.
  • the temperature memory elastic member 9 is a memory alloy member, and is preferably provided as a spring-like memory alloy member.
  • the arrangement fully utilizes the characteristic of the temperature-memory elastic member 9 to be thermally deformed, thereby facilitating short-circuiting of the battery inside when the battery is abnormal inside. , protect the battery.
  • the memory alloy component has a deformation temperature of 50-60 degrees Celsius.
  • the memory alloy component material comprises However, it is not limited to a Ni-Mn-Ga-Gd alloy or a Ni-Mn-Sn alloy or the like, and the memory alloy material is preferably an alloy material having a heat distortion temperature of 50 to 60 °C.
  • a first sealing member 21 for insulating sealing is generally disposed between the electrode terminal and the cover body 12, and the first sealing member 21 is made of an insulating material.
  • the actual industrial process is as follows: sealing the gap between the electrode terminal and the cover body 12 while achieving insulation isolation. In the process, the first sealing member 21 is first melted into a liquid state and then injected into the electrode. In the gap between the terminal and the cover body 12, the liquid first sealing member 21 is cooled to form an insulating sealed solid structure. That is, while the sealing property of the battery is ensured, insulation between the electrode terminal and the cover body 12 is ensured.
  • the electrode terminal as described above may be the positive terminal 6 or the negative terminal 2, that is, only one electrode adopts the above structure, and the other electrode is not limited in the application.
  • the electrode terminal is set to the negative terminal 2, and the inventor of the present application analyzes the production data of the abnormal battery for a long time, and finds that the battery case 11 is generally low for the negative electrode of the battery, and the voltage value is distributed from 0.1 volt to 0.3 volt.
  • the battery case 11 has a lower voltage to the negative electrode so that the voltage of the battery case 11 is about 0 volts, but when the voltage of the battery case 11 is about 0 volts, the lithium ion Li + can be embedded in the aluminum.
  • a Li-AI alloy is formed in the AI material, and when exposed to the air, a primary battery reacts with water vapor H 2 O, carbon dioxide CO 2 , and oxygen O 2 to form lithium oxide Li 2 O, etc., preferably, the negative terminal 2 and the cover body 12 insulation seal to prevent the negative electrode of the battery from being oxidized and etched.
  • the negative electrode terminal 2 adopts the above structure
  • the structure of the positive electrode terminal 6 is a general conventional arrangement
  • the positive electrode terminal 6 is electrically connected to the cover plate
  • the second sealing member 22 is disposed between the positive electrode terminal 6 and the cover plate.
  • the second sealing member 22 is a low-resistance sealing structure.
  • the surface of the second sealing member 22 is provided with a low-resistance material, and the second sealing member 22 between the positive terminal 6 and the cover body 12 The gap is sealed while the two are turned on, which is beneficial to cooperate with the memory elastic element to realize short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, protect the abnormal battery, and improve the safety factor of the battery.
  • the actual molding process of the second seal 22 is the same as the conventional first seal 21 described above.
  • the nature of the two is only different in material. If the electrode material satisfies the material requirements of the electrode terminal, the positive terminal 6 can also adopt the manner in which the electrode terminal is disposed.
  • the electrode terminal includes the positive terminal 6 and the negative terminal 2, that is, both electrodes adopt the above structure; at this time, the temperature memory elastic member 9 includes at least two, at least one temperature memory elastic member 9 Can make the positive electrode when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than the preset temperature control threshold
  • the terminal 6 is electrically connected to the cover body 12; at least one temperature memory elastic member 9 can electrically connect the negative terminal 2 and the cover body 12 when the internal temperature of the battery is higher than a preset temperature control threshold.
  • the cover body 12 is further provided with an explosion-proof valve 5 and a liquid injection hole.
  • the liquid injection hole is provided with a matching liquid injection hole sealing cover 4.
  • the explosion-proof valve 5 is an explosion-proof valve 5 for battery protection known to those skilled in the art.
  • the present application also provides a battery including a battery case 11, a battery core 13, and a battery cover assembly, which is the battery cover assembly of any of the above embodiments.
  • the battery case 11 cooperates with the battery cover assembly to form a battery case that houses the battery core 13.
  • the electrode terminals of the battery cover plate assembly are electrically connected to the battery cells for drawing battery current.
  • the temperature memory elastic member 9 is located in the battery case and under the cover body 12, so that the temperature memory elastic member 9 better senses the internal temperature of the battery, and short-circuits the battery in time when the internal battery is abnormal, and performs the battery on the battery. protection.
  • the electrode terminal is located at one end of the battery case and is connected with the electrode lead-out piece. At this time, the electrode lead-out piece can be directly connected to the tab of the battery core as the inner lead-out piece.
  • the positive electrode is specifically One end of the terminal 6 located inside the battery case is provided with a positive electrode lead piece 10, and the positive electrode lead piece 10 is welded to the battery core 13 at the edge.
  • An anode lead-out sheet 8 is disposed at one end of the negative electrode terminal 2 in the battery case, and the negative electrode lead-out piece is preferably used as the electrode lead-out piece, and the battery is connected through the negative electrode lead-out piece 8 and the positive electrode lead-out piece 10 to realize the battery core. 13 is electrically connected to the positive terminal 6 and the negative terminal 2.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Connection Of Batteries Or Terminals (AREA)

Abstract

一种电池盖板组件，通过所述电池盖板组件内的温度记忆弹性元件(9)设置于电极端子与电池盖板组件之间，当电池内部异常时，电池发生热失控导致电池内部温度升高，电池内部环境温度高于一定值时，温度记忆弹性元件(9)发生形变，温度记忆弹性元件的自由端延伸，使得温度记忆弹性元件(9)将盖板主体(12)与电极端子电连接，从而导致电极端子与盖板主体(12)导通，最终实现电池内部的短路，快速将电池内的能量释放，有效的防止电池到达热失控点，对电池在异常情况下形成保护，提高了电池的安全性能。

Description

一种电池盖板组件及电池
本申请要求于2017年02月27日提交中国专利局、申请号为201720180417.X、发明名称为“一种电池盖板组件及电池”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及电池防护技术领域，特别涉及一种电池盖板组件及电池。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，能源技术开发的进步，电池技术在新能源汽车制造业等领域的广泛应用得到诸多技术人员和商业人士的认可。但电池的大范围应用的同时，也面临着一些技术问题。
当电池受到撞击或者过热等滥用条件时，电池内部会发一系列复杂的电化学反应。当这些异常没有得到有效控制，电池发生热失控时，电池就会有起火甚至爆炸的危险。现有技术对于电池的热失控问题，解决方案有，当环境温度高于预定温度时，断路单元产生形变并使导电引子与导电端子分离以切断电路。该电池保护装置能够在电池发生热失控时，通过断路单元产生形变使导电引子与导电端子分离以切断电路，进而保护电池。
但是这种方式，只是在电池发生热失控的时候，切断电路，电池内部的能量、热量并没有及时的减少消耗掉，没有解决根源问题电池依然面临着发生燃烧甚至爆炸的危险。
发明内容
本申请所要解决的技术问题是，现有技术中电池异常时电池热失控采用切断电池内部电路、电池内部能量得不到及时散去、电池依然面临着发生燃烧甚至爆炸的危险的技术问题，本申请提供了一种电池盖板组件及电池。
本申请提供的一种电池盖板组件，所述盖板组件包括盖板主体及电极端子，所述电极端子贯穿盖板主体与盖板主体绝缘密封，其特征在于，所述电池盖板组件还包括温度记忆弹性元件，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与所述电极端子或盖板主体连接，另一端为自由端，所述温度记忆弹性元件可根据温度变化延伸或收缩，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使电极端子与盖板主体电连接。
进一步的，所述电极端子与温度记忆弹性元件之间还设有与电极端子电连接的电极引出片，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与电极引出片连接；所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与盖板主体接触。
更进一步的，，所述温度记忆弹性元件的自由端设置有接触片，在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时接触片与盖板主体接触。
作为一种优选方案，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与盖板主体连接，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与电极端子接触。
进一步的，述电极端子的一端连接有电极引出片，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与电极引出片接触。
进一步的，所述温度记忆弹性元件的自由端设置有接触片，在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时接触片与电极端子或电极引出片接触。
进一步的，所述电极引出片位于盖板主体下方，所述温度记忆弹性元件位于盖板主体下方。
进一步的，所述预设温控阀值为50-60摄氏度。
进一步的，所述温度记忆弹性元件为弹簧状记忆合金元件。
进一步的，所述电极端子与盖板主体之间设置有用于绝缘密封的第一密封件。
进一步的，所述电极端子为负极端子。
进一步的，所述盖板组件还包括正极端子，所述正极端子与盖板导通。
进一步的，所述正极端子与盖板之间设置有第二密封件，所述第二密封件为低电阻密封结构。
进一步的，所述电极端子包括正极端子和负极端子，所述温度记忆弹性元件至少包括两个，至少一个温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使正极端子与盖板主体电连接；至少一个温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使负极端子与盖板主体电连接。
本申请还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括电池壳体、电芯及电池盖板组件，所述电池壳体与所述电池盖板组件配合形成容纳所述电芯的电池盒，所述电极端子与所述电芯的电极通过所述电极引出片电连接。
进一步的，所述温度记忆弹性元件位于所述电池盒内、盖板主体下方。
有益效果：本申请提供了一种电池盖板组件，通过所述电池盖板组件内的温度记忆弹性元件设置于电极端子与电池盖板组件之间，当电池内部异常时，电池发生热失控导致电池内部温度升高，电池内部环境温度高于一定值时，温度记忆弹性元件发生形变，温度记忆弹性元件的自由端延伸，使得温度记忆弹性元件将盖板主体与电极端子电连接，从而导致电极端子与盖板主体导通，最终实现电池内部的短路，快速将电池内的能量释放，有效的防止电池到达热失控点，对电池在异常情况下的形成保护，提高了电池的安全性能。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例提供的电池正常状态下示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的电池异常状态下示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的带电芯的电池示意图。
附图标记说明
负极端子2；接触片3；注液孔密封盖4；防爆阀5；正极端子6；负极引出片8；温度记忆弹性元件9；正极引出片10；电池壳体11；盖板主体12；电芯13；第一密封件21；第二密封件22。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本申请，并不用于限定本申请。
下面详细描述本申请的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“顺时针”、“逆时针”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。在本申请的描述中，“多个”的含义是至少两个，例如两个、三个等，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或成一体；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系，除非另有明确的限定。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
在本申请中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。
下面结合附图及实施例对本申请做进一步描述。
本申请提供了一种电池盖板组件，所述电池盖板组件包括盖板主体12及电极端子，所述电极端子贯穿盖板主体12与盖板主体12绝缘密封，所述电池盖板组件还包括温度记忆弹性元件9，所述温度记忆弹性元件9的一端与所述电极端子或盖板主体12连接，另一端为自由端，所述温度记忆弹性元件9可根据温度变化延伸或收缩，所述温度记忆弹性元件9能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使电极端子与盖板主体12电连接。
具体的，如图1所示，本申请提供的一种电池盖板组件，通过所述电池盖板组件内的温度记忆弹性元件9设置于电极端子与盖板主体12之间，当电池内部异常时，电池发生热失控导致电池内部温度升高，电池内部环境温度高于一定值时，温度记忆弹性元件9发生形变，温度记忆弹性元件9的自由端延伸使得电极端子与盖板主体12连接导通，最终实现电池内部短路，快速将电池内的能量释放，有效防止电池到达热失控点，对电池在异常情况下形成保护， 提高了电池的安全性能。
如图1至图3所示，温度记忆弹性元件9的一端与所述电极端子连接，具体优选，电极端子与温度记忆弹性元件9之间设有与电极端子电连接的电极引出片，然后温度记忆弹性元件9的一端与电极引出片连接；通过温度记忆弹性元件9在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与盖板主体12接触使电极端子与盖板主体12电连接。
进一步优选，温度记忆弹性元件9的自由端设置有接触片3，所述接触片3增大接触面积，有利于所述温度记忆弹性元件9的自由端与盖板主体12的充分接触，有效实现电池异常时电池内部的短路，提高电池安全性能。
在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时接触片3与盖板主体12接触使电极端子与盖板主体12电连接。电极引出片可以位于盖板上方也可以位于盖板下方，当位于盖板下方时可以作为电池的电极引出片直接与电池内部的电芯13电连接，使得所述温度记忆弹性元件9更好的感应电池内部温度，在电池内部异常时及时有效将电池短路，对电池进行保护。
本申请不局限如上实施方式，也可以将温度记忆弹性元件9连接在盖板主体12上，例如温度记忆弹性元件9的一端与盖板主体12连接，通过温度记忆弹性元件9在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与电极端子接触使电极端子与盖板主体12电连接。进一步优选，电极端子的一端连接有电极引出片，温度记忆弹性元件9能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时自由端与电极引出片接触，使电极端子与盖板主体12电连接。电极引出片可以位于盖板上方也可以位于盖板下方，当位于盖板下方时可以作为电池的内电极引出片直接与电池内部的电芯13电连接。电极引出片优选与电池盖板平行。此实施方式中也可以优选，温度记忆弹性元件9的自由端设置有接触片3，在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时接触片3与电极端子或电极引出片接触，使得在电池内部异常时及时有效将电池短路，对电池进行保护，有利于提高电池的安全性能。
进一步的，所述温度记忆弹性元件9为记忆合金元件，并优选设置为弹簧状记忆合金元件，该设置充分利用温度记忆弹性元件9受热形变的特性，有利于在电池内部异常时将电池内部短路，对电池进行保护。更进一步的，所述记忆合金元件的变形温度为50-60摄氏度。具体的，所述记忆合金元件材料包含 但不限于Ni-Mn-Ga-Gd合金或者Ni-Mn-Sn合金等，所述记忆合金材料优选热变形温度在50-60℃的合金材料。
并且，为保证电池的正常使用，一般的在所述电极端子与盖板主体12之间设置有用于绝缘密封的第一密封件21，所述第一密封件21由绝缘材料制作。实际工业流程如下：将所述电极端子与所述盖板主体12的空隙进行密封同时实现绝缘隔离，在工艺流程上，通常采用将所述第一密封件21先融化成液态然后注入所述电极端子与所述盖板主体12的空隙内，待液态第一密封件21冷却，形成绝缘密封的固态结构。即保证所述电池的密封性的同时，保证电极端子与所述盖板主体12之间绝缘。
如图1至图3所示，如上所述的电极端子可以为正极端子6或负极端子2，即仅有一电极采用上述结构，另一电极本申请没有限制。优选所述电极端子设定为负极端子2，本申请的发明人通过长期对异常电池的生产数据进行分析，发现电池壳体11对电池的负极普遍较低，电压值分布在0.1伏特至0.3伏特区间内，低于标准值0.5伏特，推测电池壳体11对负极电压较低使得电池壳体11电压在0伏特左右，但电池壳体11电压在0伏特左右时，锂离子Li+可嵌入铝AI材质中形成Li-AI合金，暴露在空气中会与水蒸气H2O、二氧化碳CO2、氧气O2发生原电池反应，生成氧化锂Li2O等，优选，负极端子2与盖板主体12绝缘密封，防止电池的负极被氧化腐蚀。即优选负极端子2采用上述结构，正极端子6的结构为一般的常规设置，所述正极端子6与盖板导通，所述正极端子6与盖板之间设置有第二密封件22，所述第二密封件22为低电阻密封结构，具体的，所述第二密封件22表面设有低电阻材料，所述第二密封件22将正极端子6与所述盖板主体12的之间空隙进行密封的同时还将两者导通，有利于与所述记忆弹性元件配合实现电池正极与负极的短路，对异常的电池形成保护，提高电池安全系数。所述第二密封件22的实际成型过程与上述常规第一密封件21相同。两者本质仅在材料上有区别。若电极材料满足所述电极端子的材料需求，所述正极端子6也可采用所述电极端子的设置方式。
本申请不局限如上实施方式，如上所述电极端子包括正极端子6和负极端子2，即两电极均采用上述结构；此时，温度记忆弹性元件9至少包括两个，至少一个温度记忆弹性元件9能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使正极 端子6与盖板主体12电连接；至少一个温度记忆弹性元件9能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使负极端子2与盖板主体12电连接。
如图所示，所述盖板主体12上还设有防爆阀5及注液孔。所述注液孔上设置有与之匹配的注液孔密封盖4。所述防爆阀5为本技术领域人员所悉知的用于电池防护的防爆阀5。
本申请还提供了一种电池，所述电池包括电池壳体11、电芯13及电池盖板组件，所述的电池盖板组件为上述实施例中任意一项所述的电池盖板组件。所述电池壳体11与所述电池盖板组件配合形成容纳所述电芯13的电池盒，所述电池盖板组件的电极端子与电芯电连接用于引出电池电流。
优选，温度记忆弹性元件9位于所述电池盒内、盖板主体12下方，使得所述温度记忆弹性元件9更好的感应电池内部温度，在电池内部异常时及时有效将电池短路，对电池进行保护。进一步的，电极端子位于电池盒内的一端连接有电极引出片，此时电极引出片可以作为内引出片直接与电芯的极耳连接，进一步的，具体的如图3所示，所述正极端子6的位于电池盒内的一端设置有正极引出片10，所述正极引出片10与所述电芯13在边缘处进行焊接。所述负极端子2的位于电池盒内的一端设置有负极引出片8，所述负极引出片优选设为所述电极引出片，通过上述负极引出片8及正极引出片10的连接，实现电芯13与所述正极端子6、负极端子2的电连接。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本申请的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。
以上所述仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述盖板组件包括盖板主体及电极端子，所述电极端子贯穿所述盖板主体并与所述盖板主体绝缘密封，所述电池盖板组件还包括温度记忆弹性元件，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与所述电极端子或所述盖板主体连接，另一端为自由端，所述温度记忆弹性元件可根据温度变化延伸或收缩，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使所述电极端子与所述盖板主体电连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子与温度记忆弹性元件之间还设有与电极端子电连接的电极引出片，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与所述电极引出片连接；所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使所述自由端与盖板主体接触。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述温度记忆弹性元件的自由端设置有接触片，在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时所述接触片与所述盖板主体接触。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述温度记忆弹性元件的一端与盖板主体连接，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使所述自由端与所述电极端子接触。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子的一端连接有电极引出片，所述温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使所述自由端与电极引出片接触。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述温度记忆弹性元件的自由端设置有接触片，在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时接触片与电极端子或电极引出片接触。
  7. 根据权利要求2或5所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极引出片位于所述盖板主体下方，所述温度记忆弹性元件位于所述盖板主体下方。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述预设温控阀值为50-60摄氏度。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述温度记忆弹性元件为弹簧状记忆合金元件。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子与盖板主体之间设置有用于绝缘密封的第一密封件。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子为负极端子。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的盖板组件，其特征在于，所述盖板组件还包括正极端子，所述正极端子与盖板导通。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的盖板组件，其特征在于，所述正极端子与盖板之间设置有第二密封件，所述第二密封件为低电阻密封结构。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的电池盖板组件，其特征在于，所述电极端子包括正极端子和负极端子，所述温度记忆弹性元件至少包括两个，至少一个温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使正极端子与盖板主体电连接；至少一个温度记忆弹性元件能在电池内部温度高于预设温控阀值时使负极端子与盖板主体电连接。
  15. 一种电池，其特征在于，所述电池包括电池壳体、电芯及权利要求1-14任一项所述的电池盖板组件，所述电池壳体与所述电池盖板组件配合形成容纳所述电芯的电池盒；所述电池盖板组件的电极端子与电芯电连接用于引出电池电流。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电池，其特征在于，所述温度记忆弹性元件位于所述电池盒内，且位于所述盖板主体的下方。
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