WO2018150671A1

WO2018150671A1 - Water-repellent insulator

Info

Publication number: WO2018150671A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/042052
Authority: WO
Inventors: 邦明近藤
Original assignee: 日本碍子株式会社
Priority date: 2017-02-15
Filing date: 2017-11-22
Publication date: 2018-08-23
Also published as: JP2020080203A

Abstract

The present invention provides a highly durable water-repellent insulator that is obtained by forming a water-repellent glaze layer 7 on the surface of an insulator body 1 made of porcelain. This water-repellent glaze layer 7 contains therein a charge-transfer-type catalyst. The charge-transfer-type catalyst preferably comprises a composite oxide crystal formed of: an electron-donating element; an electron-receiving element; an electron-carrying element which promotes electron transfer from the electron-donating element to the electron-receiving element; a reduction central element which performs reduction reaction using the electron transferred to the electron-receiving element; and an oxidation central element which performs oxidation reaction using an electron hole formed as a result of the transfer of the electron.

Description

Water repellent insulator

The present invention relates to a water-repellent insulator made of porcelain with improved antifouling properties. In this specification, “garbage” includes a garment tube.

∙ Surfaces of porcelain insulators and insulators used in electrical insulation applications for power transmission lines, distribution lines, and transformer equipment are covered with hydrophilic glaze. Since insulators are usually used outdoors, adhesion of pollutants is unavoidable, and when the surface is wet due to rain water or condensation, a continuous fouling film is formed on the insulator surface, and the electrical insulation characteristics deteriorate. This tendency becomes more pronounced when the contaminated material contains salt, and the electrical insulation characteristics of the insulator may be 1/10 or less compared to the clean condition.

When used in heavy snowfall areas, the insulator and insulator tube surfaces are covered with ice and snow, and as above, the electrical insulation characteristics deteriorate, and the ice and snow that has landed and snowed fall down to the structure directly below. In some cases, damage may occur, such as damage, noise at the time of falling, or contact with a person and suffering damage.

If the electrical insulation characteristics deteriorate in this way, local arc discharge may occur on the insulator surface, which may cause noise or cause radio interference, resulting in complaints from nearby residents. Further, when the contamination progresses, the insulator is flushed over and the insulation function is lost, which may hinder the power supply.

Therefore, conventionally, as shown in Patent Document 1, the insulator surface is periodically washed to remove the contaminated material. However, an insulator cleaning device can be installed at a substation or the like, but it is difficult to clean the insulator on the transmission line tower.

Especially in heavy snowfall areas, when icing and snowfall are marked on the insulators and insulator pipes, the environment is poor with respect to the icy snow insulators and insulator pipes by using a tower arm, climbing on equipment, or using an aerial work vehicle. With the removal work below, the work cost is enormous.

Also, as shown in Patent Document 2, a fluororesin, a silicone resin, or the like is applied to the surface of the insulator to prevent fouling from adhering. However, these organic substances are inevitably deteriorated due to ultraviolet rays, and there is a problem in the durability of the effect. Moreover, since a process of further applying a resin or the like to the surface of the completed insulator and drying it is necessary, the process is complicated and the cost is increased.

JP 2011-233393 A JP-A-8-148049

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a water-repellent insulator that can solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and can maintain a semi-permanently excellent electrical insulation characteristic and non-icing and snow characteristic without performing insulator cleaning. It is.

The water-repellent insulator of the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problems is characterized in that a water-repellent glaze layer is formed on the surface of a porcelain insulator body.

The water repellent glaze layer is preferably a glaze layer containing a charge transfer catalyst, and the charge transfer catalyst comprises an electron donating element, an electron accepting element, and an electron donating element to an electron. An electron carrier element that promotes electron transfer to the acceptor element, a reduction center element that performs a reduction reaction by electrons transferred to the electron acceptor element, and an oxidation center element that performs an oxidation reaction by holes generated by the electron transfer The composite oxide crystal is preferable.

The water-repellent glaze layer can be formed in an annular shape on the surface of the hydrophilic glaze layer applied to the surface of the porcelain insulator body. In a preferred embodiment, the insulator body is a hanging insulator, and the water repellent glaze layer may be formed in a ring shape on the back surface thereof, or the water repellent glaze layer may be formed in a ring shape on the upper surface thereof. it can. In another embodiment, the insulator body is a long insulator, and the water-repellent glaze layer is formed on the entire surface. In any case, it is desirable to form the water repellent glaze layer in an annular shape with a width of 50% or more of the surface leakage distance of the insulator.

The water-repellent insulator of the present invention has a water-repellent glaze layer formed on the surface of a porcelain insulator body. Therefore, the water-repellent insulator is excellent in water repellency on the surface, resulting in fine water droplets dispersed even when rainwater or condensation adheres. A continuous fouling film is not formed. For this reason, even if it does not perform an insulator washing | cleaning, the electrical insulation characteristic of an insulator is maintained on the level comparable with a clean condition. Furthermore, the surface of the water-repellent glaze is less likely to icy and snow, and the removal operation can be simplified. It is preferable to form the water-repellent glaze layer in an annular shape, so that, for example, there is a water-repellent layer on the way wherever leakage current passes from the cap to the pin of the suspension, so that the electrical insulation characteristics can be maintained. it can.

In addition, the water-repellent glaze layer does not deteriorate unlike organic materials such as silicone rubber, has a semi-permanent lifetime, and can be applied in the same process as before, making the manufacturing process complicated. I don't have to.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing a suspension garment according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the other modification of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the long stem insulator which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 0 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 1 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 2 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 3 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 4 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 5 in a water repellency test. It is a photograph which shows the surface state of the sample 6 in a water repellency test.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a suspended insulator according to the first embodiment. Reference numeral 1 denotes a porcelain insulator body. The suspension insulator body 1 includes a plurality of annular ribs 2 on the back surface. A cap fitting 4 is fixed to the head 3 formed at the center of the upper surface with cement 5. A pin fitting 6 is fixed with cement 5 at the center of the back surface. By connecting the pin bracket 6 to the cap bracket 4 of the lower suspension insulator, a large number of suspension insulators are connected in series.

As shown in FIG. 1, a water repellent glaze layer 7 is formed over the entire surface of the insulator body 1. Conventionally, glazes are applied to porcelain insulators, but as described above, conventional glazes are hydrophilic glazes. On the other hand, a water-repellent glaze is used in the present invention. The water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed in an annular shape between the cap metal fitting 4 and the pin metal fitting 6 so that the leakage current flows through any path between the cap metal fitting 4 and the pin metal fitting 6. The water-repellent glaze layer 7 is interposed between them.

The water-repellent glaze layer 7 includes a charge transfer catalyst in the glaze layer. The charge transfer catalyst is a catalyst made of a composite oxide that undergoes an oxidation reaction and / or a reduction reaction by charge transfer in the catalyst, and is patented as Japanese Patent No. 3514702.

Specifically, a cathode and an anode are formed in the form of long-distance polarization in one crystal structure, and reduction is performed at the cathode and oxidation is performed at the anode. The crystal structure is a perovskite type, an electron donating element, an electron carrier element that promotes the movement of electrons from the electron donating element to the electron accepting element, a reducing center element that performs a reduction reaction by the electrons transferred to the electron accepting element, It consists of a complex oxide crystal with an oxidation center element that undergoes an oxidation reaction by holes of an electron donating element generated by electron transfer. In addition, an oxidation activator and a reduction activator are included.

The electron donating element is molybdenum or tungsten, the electron accepting element is aluminum, the electron carrier element is zirconium, the reducing center element is palladium, the oxidation center element is platinum, and the oxidation activator is lithium. The reduction activator is an oxide of yttrium.

According to the charge transfer catalyst described above, basic dirt approaching from the outside is oxidatively decomposed at the position of the oxidation center element (oxidation reaction point), and acidic dirt approaching from the outside is located at the position of the reduction center element (reduction reaction). Point).

When the charge transfer catalyst as described above is pulverized to 3 μm or less, mixed with 4 to 10% by mass in a conventionally used glaze, and glazed and fired by a conventional method, the water repellent glaze layer 7 is obtained. . The contact angle when water droplets were dropped on the water repellent glaze layer 7 was 100 ° or more, and it was confirmed that the contact angle of the usual insulator glaze was 50 ° or less, but the water repellency was excellent. . For this reason, even when rainwater or dew condensation adheres to the water-repellent glaze layer 7, it only becomes fine dispersed water droplets, and a continuous fouling film as in the prior art is not formed. The insulating properties are maintained at a level comparable to clean conditions.

The thickness of the glaze layer in the insulator is about 400 μm. However, the charge transfer catalyst described above has a small specific gravity, so it collects on the surface of the molten glaze, decomposes the fouling material and exhibits a self-cleaning effect. Excellent water repellency.

Thus, if a charge transfer type catalyst is mixed with a normal insulator glaze and glazed and fired, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 can be formed on the surface of the insulator body 1 in the same process as before. Alternatively, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 can be formed by spraying a glaze containing a charge transfer catalyst after spraying and firing a normal glaze for ordinary insulators and baking it again. In this case, firing is required twice. However, since the porcelain constituting the insulator body 1 and the normal hydrophilic insulator glaze have a good balance of compressibility, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is cracked during firing. There is an advantage that can be prevented from entering.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed on the entire surface of the suspension insulator body 1 and the back surface. As a result, since the formation of the fouling film can be completely prevented, the electrical insulation characteristics of the insulator without maintaining the insulator cleaning are maintained at a level comparable to the cleaning condition. Furthermore, it is difficult for icing and snowing, and the removal operation can be simplified. Moreover, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 does not deteriorate unlike an organic substance and has an advantage of having a semi-permanent lifetime.

However, as in the modification shown in FIG. 2, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 can be formed only on the upper surface of the hanging insulator body 1. In the case of a suspended insulator, the part where the contaminated material is likely to adhere is the surface above the back surface. Therefore, if a continuous fouling film is prevented from being formed on this surface, the electrical insulation characteristics are prevented from deteriorating. be able to.

3, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 can also be formed only on the back surface of the suspension insulator main body 1 on which the annular rib 2 is formed. The surface leakage distance of the suspension is larger on the back surface with the ribs 2 than on the smooth surface. Therefore, if a water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed on the back surface side to prevent a continuous fouling film from being formed, It is possible to prevent the deterioration of the insulation characteristics more reliably.

If the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is partially formed as in the modified examples of FIGS. 2 and 3, the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed on the entire surface as shown in FIG. Can be achieved. However, if the width of the water repellent glaze layer 7 is narrowed, the effect of the present invention is reduced. Therefore, the width of the water repellent glaze layer 7 is preferably 50% or more of the surface leakage distance of the insulator. In any case, the water repellent glaze layer 7 is formed in a ring shape.

In the above-described embodiment, the insulator is a hanging insulator, but the shape of the insulator is not limited to this, and for example, as in the second embodiment shown in FIG. In addition, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 can also be formed. In FIG. 4, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed on both the front and back surfaces of a large number of shades 9. However, as in the above-described embodiment, the water-repellent glaze layer 7 is formed only on the upper surface or only on the lower surface. Also good.

In addition, the present invention can be applied to various insulators such as a pin insulator, a line post insulator, an insulator tube, and a bushing. In addition, glass made of tempered glass can be applied to the surface of insects.

Below, the result of the water-repellent evaluation test of the water-repellent glaze used by this invention is shown. The test procedure is as follows.
First, four types of water-repellent glazes were prepared by adding the above-described charge transfer catalyst in the ratios shown in Table 1 to the glazes for porcelain insulators used in the past (average). Mixing was sufficiently performed using a homogenizer. The mixing ratio of the charge transfer catalyst was 4 parts by mass, 8 parts by mass, and 16 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the glaze for the insulator.

Next, a flat test piece (size: 125 × 36 × 11 mm, unfired) made of a porcelain raw material having the same composition as the porcelain insulator was prepared, and the above-described four types of glaze were applied to the surface. The glazing was performed by dipping the test piece into the glaze for 10 seconds, and the thickness was about 0.45 mm. For comparison, a sample (sample No. 0) in which a silicone rubber film conventionally used for insulators was formed on the surface of the test piece was also prepared. In addition, the glaze no. Further, glaze No. 2 and glaze no. Samples with spray coating of the glaze of No. 4 were prepared. 5 and sample no. It was set to 6. Thereafter, each sample was peeled off and fired at 1300 ° C. in a baking furnace.

The surface of each fired sample is a simulation of the insulator surface. Water in which abrasive powder was dispersed was sprayed on the surface of each sample, and the water repellency was visually observed. The abrasive powder is used to make it easy to visually observe water droplets and a water film on the sample surface, and does not affect water repellency. The results are shown in Table 2. The surface states of Sample 0 to Sample 6 are shown in the photographs in FIGS.

As a result of this water repellency evaluation test, it was confirmed that the water repellant glaze used in the present invention showed excellent water repellency equivalent to or better than that of conventional silicone rubber. This water repellency evaluation test was performed using a flat test piece, but it goes without saying that the same result can be obtained even on the surface of the insulator.

The effect of improving the fouling withstand voltage according to the present invention can be confirmed by performing an artificial fouling AC voltage test based on JEC-0201-1988 “AC voltage insulation test” and using a test method in fixed mist. Since polymer insulators using silicone rubbers having a higher resistance to fouling than porcelain insulators when evaluated in this test method, even in the case of water repellent insulators having the same level of water repellency, the same high fouling is obtained. It can be expected to show a withstand voltage characteristic.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 insulator main body 2 rib 3 head 4 cap metal fitting 5 cement 6 pin metal fitting 7 water repellent glaze layer 8 insulator main body 9 cap

Claims

A water-repellent insulator characterized in that a water-repellent glaze layer is formed on the surface of a porcelain insulator body.
The water-repellent insulator according to claim 1, wherein the water-repellent glaze layer contains a charge transfer catalyst in the glaze layer.
Reduction in which the charge transfer catalyst performs a reduction reaction with an electron donating element, an electron accepting element, an electron carrier element that promotes electron transfer from the electron donating element to the electron accepting element, and electrons transferred to the electron accepting element. The water repellency insulator according to claim 2, comprising a composite oxide crystal of a central element and an oxidation central element that undergoes an oxidation reaction by holes generated by electron movement.
4. The water repellent insulator according to claim 1, wherein the water repellent glaze layer is formed in an annular shape on the surface of a hydrophilic glaze layer applied to the surface of a porcelain insulator body.
The water-repellent insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insulator body is a suspended insulator, and the water-repellent glaze layer is formed in an annular shape on the back surface thereof.
The water repellent insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the insulator body is a suspended insulator, and the water repellent glaze layer is formed in an annular shape on the upper surface thereof.
The water repellent insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a main body of the insulator is a long insulator, and the water repellent glaze layer is formed in an annular shape on the entire surface.
The water repellent insulator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the water repellent glaze layer is formed in an annular shape with a width of 50% or more of the surface leakage distance of the insulator.