WO2018137795A1

WO2018137795A1 - Centrifuge, extraction method for treating a mixture and use of a centrifuge

Info

Publication number: WO2018137795A1
Application number: PCT/EP2017/071192
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ernst Schaltegger; Nikolaus Foidl
Original assignee: Ferrum Ag
Priority date: 2017-01-27
Filing date: 2017-08-23
Publication date: 2018-08-02
Also published as: WO2018137794A1; WO2018137792A3; WO2018137793A1; WO2018137792A2

Abstract

The invention relates to a centrifuge for carrying out an extraction method. The centrifuge comprises a centrifuge drum (2) with a drum jacket (21) extending along a drum axis (T) of the centrifuge drum (2). The centrifuge drum (2) has an inlet opening (22) via which a mixture can be introduced. The centrifuge drum (2) is arranged in the centrifuge (1) so as to be able to rotate about the drum axis (T). The centrifuge comprises a screen (3) with a pore and the centrifuge drum (2) is rotatable, in the operating state, about the drum axis (T) such that the mixture can be made to settle against an inner side of the screen (3). The centrifuge comprises an ejection element (4) that is arranged in the screen (3), wherein the ejection element (4) comprises a conveying device (41) with a conveying opening (42). A solvent can be introduced by means of the conveying device (41) into the centrifuge drum (2), and the solvent can be applied via the conveying opening (42), at least partially as an extraction fluid, from the conveying device (41) into the centrifuge drum (2) onto the mixture that can be made to settle against the inner side of the screen (3), such that using the extraction fluid it is possible to extract an extraction substance from the mixture. The invention further relates to an extraction method for treating a mixture in a centrifuge (1) and to the use of a centrifuge (1) for carrying out an extraction method.

Description

Ferrum AG, Industriestrasse 11/13, 5503 Schafisheim, Switzerland

Centrifuge, extraction process for the treatment of a mixture and

Use of a centrifuge

The invention relates to a centrifuge according to the preamble of

independent claim 1, an extraction method for treating a mixture in a centrifuge according to the preamble of independent claim 12 and a use of a centrifuge for carrying out an extraction method according to the preamble of independent claim 15.

For the processing of mixtures centrifuges in various embodiments are known and used in a variety of fields. Thus, for example, for drying very pure

pharmaceutical products discontinuous centrifuges, such as peeler centrifuges, preferably used, in which after

Separation of a mixture into a solid phase or a colloid

Liquid, in particular in a solid cake, and a liquid phase of the solid cake peeled off, for example by means of a peeling device of a drum shell or the drum wall and via suitable means, e.g. over a slide, to the outside of the

Centrifuge drum is discharged. In other discontinuous

Systems, but preferably not only centrifuges on a laboratory scale, it may be that no automatic peeling device is provided, but the centrifuge is stopped after separation of the mixture and the deposited solid cake is removed manually from the centrifuge drum. In particular, when continuously large amounts of a mixture to be separated, are working continuously

Centrifuges or pusher centrifuges used. The pusher centrifuges, depending on the requirement, one or more stages

Pusher centrifuges, as well as so-called double-thrust centrifuges.

All of these types of centrifuge have long been well known to those skilled in the art and are e.g. in the standard work "industrial centrifuges", by Prof. W. Stahl, DRM PRESS, described in detail.

In addition, extraction methods are known, for example the

High pressure extraction with supercritical gases. Gases assume a state at high pressures and temperatures that does not correspond to either a gas or a liquid, this region being called supercritical or supercritical. Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2), for example, is used to extract extraction substances from food or to extract unwanted extractives: caffeine from coffee beans,

Hop resins from hops, nicotine from tobacco, flavors and dyes and ingredients from various spices, spices and natural products. With supercritical CO2, however, the reverse process, the impregnation, can also take place. For this purpose, a solid starting material is contacted with the impregnating material dissolved in supercritical CO2, whereby the impregnating substance penetrates into all the pores of the starting material. By slowly relaxing the supercritical CO2 loses the

Solubility and the impregnating agent remains evenly distributed in the

Starting material back. As far as the prior art is concerned, centrifuges are not used in connection with supercritical extraction methods. Supercritical extraction processes typically use pump-fed reactors, ranging from laboratory to industrial scale dimensions. DE 695 14 856 T2 discloses an apparatus and a method for

Extraction of hops using supercritical CO2

described. It is out for the extraction of hop extracts

Hop biomass, a reactor necessary to use CO2 in the supercritical state, ie at a temperature of 31 ° C and a pressure of 72 bar. The extraction system of DE 695 14 856 T2 is illustrated below with reference to FIG. 1 in the form of a diagram. In the tank 101 'is a supply of liquid carbon dioxide. The tank 101 'is connected via suitable conduits and a liquid gas pump 102' to a heat exchanger 103 ', to which the CO2 is passed, where it is made supercritical with respect to temperature and pressure. Then, the resulting supercritical extraction fluid is allowed to flow into a reactor 104 'of conventional design having a heating jacket (not shown) and filter plates (not shown) as carriers for the hops. The supercritical CO2 is allowed to flow through the hop where it exerts its extraction function and extracts an extractant by essentially taking up the resin and essential oils. The loaded with the extractant

Extraction fluid flows through a throttle valve 105 'into a precipitation vessel 106'. The vessel 106 'has a vessel jacket (not shown) for heating or cooling. The pressure in the vessel 106 'is below the critical pressure, while the temperature may be above or below the critical pressure

Temperature are. In the vessel 106 ', the separation takes place. The separated extraction fluid, so extraction fluid separated from the extraction material is withdrawn from the vessel 106 'and set its temperature and pressure back to supercritical. The supercritical CO2 is then returned to the reactor 104 'and extraction continues. The supercritical

Hop extract is removed from the vessel 106 'and sent to a catch tank 107' where the extract is heated until it becomes a fluid. The

Hop extract fluid is then withdrawn from catch tank 107 'and into the upper portion of liquid CO2 column 108' against the pressure of liquid CO2 passed from tank 101 'to the bottom of column 108'. directed. The liquid CO2 pumped into the lower part of the column 108 'rises in the column and forms a countercurrent to the hop extract flowing downward in the column 108'. The extractant-laden extraction fluid, which in turn contains resins and oils that are soluble in liquid CO2, is withdrawn from the top of column 108 'and passed through a pressure-reducing system and a separator 109' where the extractant from the extraction fluid passes through, for example Evaporating the liquid CO2 separated from this and is removed via the line 1 10 'from the system. The vaporized CO is collected as a top product from the separator 109 ', cooled and pressurized and returned via line 1 1 1' for recycling in the tank 101 '.

DE 691 21 206 T2 describes a method of producing decaffeinated green coffee beans, the method comprising a step of decaffeinating the acidified beans by supercritical extraction. The coffee beans are rinsed in a reactor with water and supercritical CO2.

WO 96/33861 A1 describes a continuous extraction process and a corresponding extraction apparatus. To obtain oils by compressing and extracting an oil-containing raw material in the presence of a liquid and / or supercritical extraction fluid, a substantially cylindrical reactor provided with inlets and outlets is provided for this purpose. In the reactor, a screw press is provided, which conveys the raw material from the inlet under compression to the outlet of the reactor, at the same time the extraction fluid is introduced under pressure into the reactor. In this case, an oil or an extracted substance is obtained, from which subsequently the extraction fluid can be removed.

A major disadvantage of the known devices for extraction and extraction process is their constructive and procedurally very complicated structure and the complex implementation of the method, since often several reactors with elaborate pressure generators and heat exchangers for the preparation of the extraction fluid, in particular the supercritical extraction fluid are necessary. The extraction fluid must first be elaborately prepared and transported complicated to the reactors. For example, the extraction and extraction methods require pressure-tight feed to a reactor and pressure-tight reactors. Considering the high pressures required, there are considerable high costs for the wall thicknesses of the reactors, as well as the need to move batchwise or batchwise. Likewise, due to the reactors long extraction times of sometimes up to well over ten minutes are necessary. Also, a complex supply and removal of the mixture and the transport within the reactors with high-pressure-tight, rotating screws and feedthroughs of

Disadvantage necessary. In addition, the extraction or throughput times are high and the processes are often not so continuous to operate. Not to be underestimated and another major drawback, due to the complexity, are the high susceptibility to failure and the high maintenance intensity of the extraction devices and the extraction methods.

Likewise, centrifuges are known in which, for example by means of a supply line and a nozzle, a solvent on the in a in the

Centrifuge drum arranged sieve sedimented mixture is sprayed. However, these centrifuges have the disadvantage that in addition to the limited volume in the centrifuge drum lines and nozzles are still to order, so that the known centrifuges are structurally complicated and expensive to manufacture in terms of manufacturing. In addition, the solvent is not suitable as a supercritical extraction fluid since the solvent is only converted into a supercritical phase after it has been applied to the sieve-deposited mixture and after it has penetrated the mixture, ie when the solvent hits the drum shell of the centrifuge drum. Thus, the deductible Mixture, in particular the solid phase or the solid cake, not penetrated by the supercritical extraction fluid.

Based on this prior art, it is therefore an object of the present invention, a centrifuge for carrying out a

Extraction method, an extraction method for the treatment of a

Mixture and the use of a centrifuge for carrying out an extraction method which avoids the disadvantages known from the prior art, in particular a centrifuge for carrying out an extraction process, an extraction process for the treatment of a mixture and the use of a centrifuge for

Implementation of an extraction method to propose that are structurally and procedurally simple and / or low

Have throughput times for extraction and / or can be continuously controlled and controlled, so can be operated continuously. This object is achieved by a centrifuge having the features of claim 1, an extraction method for treating a mixture with the

Characteristics of claim 12 and a use of a centrifuge for carrying out an extraction method having the features of claim 15 solved. The dependent claims relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the invention.

According to the invention, a centrifuge for carrying out a

Extraction method proposed. The centrifuge includes a

Centrifuge drum having a drum axis along one axis

Centrifugal drum extending drum shell, the

Centrifuge drum has an inlet opening and an outlet opening and the centrifuge drum via the inlet opening, a mixture can be fed. The centrifuge drum can thereby extend with the drum casing from the inlet opening to the outlet opening along the drum axis. In addition, the centrifuge drum is rotatably mounted in the centrifuge about the drum axis. The centrifuge comprises a screen having a pore, the screen being disposed on an inner circumferential surface of the drum shell. In the operating state, the centrifuge drum is rotatable about the drum axis in such a way that on an inner side of the sieve the mixture standing under a drum pressure generated by the rotation is settable. Furthermore, the centrifuge comprises an ejection element, which is arranged in the sieve. The ejection element comprises a conveyor with a delivery opening, wherein by means of the conveyor, a solvent in the centrifuge drum, in particular as extraction fluid, fed and the solvent via the delivery opening at least partially as an extraction fluid such from the conveyor into the centrifuge drum on the inside of the screen deductible mixture can be applied, that by means of the extraction fluid, an extractant is extractable from the mixture.

Essential to the invention is that the solvent, for example, CO2 isopropanol, alcohols in general, hexane, gasolines or dimethylsulfone, the centrifuge drum by means of the ejection element included

Delivery via the delivery opening at least partially as

Extraction fluid can be supplied. The mixture is due to the rotation of the

Centrifuge, in particular the rapidly rotating centrifuge drum and the centrifugal forces acting and the resulting high

Drum printing on the inside of the screen deductible. In this case, the mixture can be separated into a solid phase or a colloidal liquid, in particular a solid cake, which is deposited on the inside of the sieve, and a liquid phase of the mixture which is eliminated through the sieve. Since the solvent from the conveyor via the delivery opening as extraction fluid in the centrifuge drum on the deposited on the inside of the sieve mixture can be applied, thus by means of the extraction fluid extraction material on constructive and procedurally simple way of the dedustable mixture, in particular the solid phase or the kollioden liquid or the solid cake, are extracted. The extractant may be entrained by the extra ctionsfluid and separated, for example by evaporation of the extraction fluid again from this. Advantageously, therefore, can be dispensed with complex and additional lines, devices and nozzles for supplying the solvent and / or the extraction fluid in the centrifuge. The high speed and high centrifugal force also cause the mixture is exposed to a rapid, high and efficient pressure increase due to the drum pressure, so that by means of the centrifuge, in particular due to the extraction method described later, a low extraction or

Throughput times and high flow rates of the mixture for extraction can be achieved. In the following, a mixture is generally to be understood as meaning that the mixture consists of at least two substances, it being possible for the mixture to be a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture, and for the substances to be solid, liquid or gaseous. The

Mixture, in particular the mixture which can be supplied via the inlet opening, can be a liquid phase and / or a solid phase and / or a

Gas phase include, wherein the solid phase may in particular also be a colloidal liquid. The settable mixture below the drum pressure and / or a rotary pressure can in this case be the solid phase or the colloidal liquid, and in particular also becomes

Called solid cake. That under the drum pressure and / or

Rotary pressure standing settable mixture may also include portions of the gas phase, which are liquid due to the drum pressure and / or rotary pressure, or portions of the liquid phase. However, a substantial portion of the liquid phase may be due to drum pressure and / or

Rotational pressure from the settleable mixture can be separated. Preferably can the mixture is a biomass, in particular a biomass mixture

be of different origin and composition. The mixture may also comprise a mineral or a rock or a rare earth. The mixture may be mixed with a liquid and / or a solution. The drum pressure is caused by the rotation of the centrifuge, in particular the centrifuge drum, the centrifugal force acting on the inside of the centrifuge drum. Under the drum pressure, in particular a high drum pressure, is below one

Drum pressure with a drum pressure range of 1 to 200 bar, preferably 1 to 100 bar, particularly preferably 10 to 100 bar, to be understood in particular 70 to 90 bar.

The rotational pressure is caused by the rotation of the ejection element with the conveyor, wherein the centrifugal force acts on the solvent of the conveyor. Below the rotary pressure, in particular a high rotary pressure, is in the following a rotary pressure with a

Rotational pressure range of 1 to 200 bar, preferably 1 to 100 bar, particularly preferably 10 to 100 bar, especially to understand 70 to 90 bar.

The centrifuge may be a vertically or horizontally mounted centrifuge, a continuous or discontinuous centrifuge, in particular a peeler centrifuge, sliding centrifuge, single or multi-stage pusher centrifuge, double pusher centrifuge or vibrating centrifuge or a

Be slug centrifuge. The centrifuge drum can be rotatable in the operating state by means of a drum drive with a predeterminable drum speed around the drum axis. The drum drive may be a first motor, in particular a frequency-controlled first motor to the

To be able to control throughput and the throughput time of the mixture in the centrifuge. On the drum shell can in the radial direction to the drum axis one or more Abiaufbohrungen with a

Drain diameter can be arranged. The centrifuge drum can be outside, So for example on an outer peripheral surface of

Centrifugal tunnel, to be thermally insulated against heat losses. The centrifuge drum can be rotatable in a first direction of rotation. The centrifuge drum can with a drum speed of 1 to 10,000

Rotate revolutions per minute, preferably at 500 to 10 000 revolutions per minute, particularly preferably from 1000 to 4000

Revolutions per minute, in particular be rotatable at 2000 to 4000 revolutions per minute. Advantageously, the drum speeds produce in this area very high centrifugal forces, in particular a very high drum pressure, so that the introduced mixture can be brought very quickly to the drum pressure and the mixture is very quickly deductible and / or short extraction times are possible. The

Centrifuge drum may be hollow cylindrical, preferably formed as a first hollow cylinder. However, the centrifuge drum can also have a round and / or circular and / or elliptical cross section in a radial direction, that is to say orthogonal to the drum axis. In principle, the centrifuge drum may also have a prism-like shape and / or be formed as a prism and in the radial direction have a triangular and / or rectangular and / or polygonal cross-section. The ejection element, in particular with the conveyor, can be rotatable in the first direction of rotation as the centrifuge drum and rotatable at an output speed of 0 to 300 revolutions per minute difference to the drum speed, preferably 0 to 150 revolutions per minute, more preferably 0 to 50 revolutions per Minute,

In particular 5 to 15 or 0 to 20 revolutions per minute difference to the drum speed be rotatable or rotatable. The ejection element may be drivable with a second motor, in particular a frequency-controlled second motor, in order to be able to use the ejection element to control the throughput quantity and the extraction time as well as the throughput time of the mixture. Thus, one can be fed into the conveyor Solvent amount and a deliverable from the conveyor extraction fluid amount can be adjusted by means of the frequency control.

The pore may be a screen opening, for example, a bore which extends, preferably in, one extending in the direction of the drum axis

Siebmantel is arranged, wherein in particular a liquid phase of the mixture due to the drum pressure on the pore to an inner peripheral surface of the drum shell can be discharged. One or more pores may be arranged on or in the screen jacket. A pore size of the pore may be below the particle size of the solid phase of the mixture, preferably, the pore size may be at least a factor of 3 to 10 smaller than a particle size of the solid phase, so that a

Constipation of the pore can be avoided.

The advantages of the centrifuge according to the invention are:

- Short extraction times and / or short throughput times of the mixture in the centrifuge, and / or

- a high throughput and high processing capacity in the

Compared to known devices for extraction and

Extraction method, and / or

- Constructively simple centrifuge designed to carry out an extraction process and / or procedurally simple

designed and / or associated with low production costs extraction process.

- Centrifuge can be filled with a variety of mixtures and the

Extraction process can be used with a wide variety of mixtures

be performed

- The centrifuge has a much smaller device geometry with a high energy efficiency with low throughput times and high throughputs compared to the known devices for extraction, especially with respect to reactors. In an embodiment of the invention, the solvent by means of

Be conveying such as extraction fluid in the centrifuge drum fed and is by means of the delivery opening, the solvent at least partially as a supercritical extraction fluid such from

Conveyor in the centrifuge drum on the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture can be applied, so that by means of the supercritical extraction fluid extractant is extractable from the mixture. This measure advantageously combines the centrifuge with the advantages of supercritical extraction techniques. Since the solvent is already convertible into a supercritical extraction fluid at the conveyor, the supercritical extraction fluid can be applied to the mixture settable on the inside of the screen and / or can penetrate it completely. Unlike known centrifuges, in which the

Solvent is only on the drum shell into a supercritical phase can be converted and thus an extraction with a supercritical

Extraction means or an extraction method is not possible, since the extraction fluid in the liquid phase encounters the settleable mixture. Extraction with the centrifuge according to the invention with the supercritical extract fluid advantageously leads to a greater purity and no extractant is lost, since "residues" recovered from the supercritical extraction fluid can be returned to the centrifuge. Advantageously, an improved selectivity and a higher yield can thus be achieved. The solvent can be partially used as a

supercritical extraction fluid may be applied to the mixture, i. Thus, the extraction fluid may not comprise supercritical and / or quasi-supercritical and / or supercritical phase moieties, preferably only

include super critical phase components.

The extraction process, in particular the supercritical extraction in a centrifuge, can also be used for the supercritical deposition of substances dissolved in supercritical solvents in a certain solid Use, for example, pharmaceuticals, the substance to be deposited evenly in the carrier first in the supercritical

Solvent is dissolved, then introduced into the solid by diffusion and then by lowering the pressure, so the

Drum pressure (speed reduction), is precipitated from the solvent. As a result, a uniform deposition of the active substance in the carrier solid is achieved.

In addition, in a highly hydrous and

Temperature-sensitive mixture, in particular a strongly aqueous and temperature-sensitive solid phase or an extractant contained in the solid phase, moreover, acetone can be infiltrated in the supercritical state to displace water from the mixture.

Subsequently, the acetone can be extracted with the supercritical CO2, thus gently drying the temperature-sensitive extractant.

In an embodiment of the invention, the ejection element is arranged in the centrifuge, preferably in the sieve, rotatable about an ejection axis, and the ejection element, in particular the ejection element with the

Conveyor is in the operating state is rotatable about the ejection axis, that under one generated by the rotation

Rotary pressure standing solvent through the ejection element, in particular the conveyor, is convertible into an extraction fluid, preferably in an at least partially convertible into a supercritical extraction fluid. The ejection axis may preferably coincide with the drum axis, wherein the ejection axis can also assume a different position from the drum axis. In addition, by means of

Frequency control of the output speed of each phase between not supercritical, quasi-supercritical and supercritical produced and maintained. The at least partially supercritical extraction fluid can be applied to the settable mixture, in particular the solid cake or a colloidal liquid, and penetrate the settled mixture and the screen and in the space between the drum shell and the outside of the screen under partially supercritical and / or completely supercritical conditions in the direction of the inlet opening or

Outlet opening to a pressure relief valve and there in a suitable collecting container for the purpose of relaxation, recuperation and separation of the extractant are performed by the extraction fluid. The

Relaxation valve also allows the maintenance of the supercritical phase of the extraction fluid in the centrifuge, in particular in the centrifuge drum. In the direction of the ejection axis, preferably in

Direction of the outlet opening, the conveyor may be at least partially conical with respect to the diameter radially to the ejection axis

be rejuvenating.

As already mentioned, the solvent can thus by the rotation of the ejection element, in particular the conveyor, due to the

Rotational pressure already at the conveyor, in particular at the delivery opening, at least partially, preferably completely, in a

supercritical extraction fluid are transferred. Thus, the at least partially supercritical extraction fluid can completely penetrate the mixture which can be deposited on the inside of the sieve, in particular the solid cake, or can be applied to it.

In an embodiment of the invention, the conveyor comprises a along the ejection axis of the ejection element extending

Shaft sheath, and / or the delivery opening is on, preferably in, wave sheath arranged, and / or the delivery opening is as a nozzle and / or as a bore, preferably as an oblique bore with respect to the ejection axis and / or with respect to the ejection axis vertical radial direction, formed. It can also be provided one or more cleaning openings, as a further nozzle, in particular a

Cutting spray nozzle, and / or as a further bore, preferably as a Further oblique bore in relation to the ejection axis and / or in relation to a direction perpendicular to the ejection axis radial direction may be formed. The delivery openings and / or the cleaning openings can be spiral-shaped or linear with respect to the discharge axis on

Shaft be arranged so that during a rotation of the

Ausstosselements the discharge of the extraction fluid relative to

Centrifuge drum has a spiral line or linear line. The delivery openings and / or the cleaning openings may be circumferentially distributed on the shaft shell, so that a sufficient amount of extraction fluid, preferably supercritical extraction fluid, uniformly on the settleable mixture, in particular the solid cake, can be applied. Advantageously, the conveyor, in particular also in connection with dere arrangement of the delivery opening in the shaft jacket, a transport and distribution device for uniform spreading of the

Solvent and / or the uniform application of the

Extraction fluid over the entire length of the centrifuge drum. The cleaning opening advantageously allows deposits on the sieve, in particular on or in the pore of the sieve, to be loosened and removed in a simple manner so that the sieve can be cleaned and / or possibly stuck or adhering solid phase, in particular layers which are located in the intermediate space between the ejection element and sieve and / or sieve and drum shell surface can form, cut or detached, and then to be transported by the ejection element can. Thus, the solvent by means of a separate cased system in the interior of the Ausstosselements, in particular the hollow screw, guided and discharged by means of the delivery openings, and in particular with the obliquely directed to the sieve cleaning openings, preferably cutting spray nozzles, cleaned the centrifuge. The

Ejection element, in particular the screw conveyor, thus fulfills

Advantageously, in addition to the promotion of the solid phase with adjustable speed through the centrifuge on the adjustable difference of Revolutions between ejection element and centrifuge drum, several functions. In an embodiment of the invention, the conveyor comprises a feed opening and the solvent is supplied via the feed opening of the conveyor and / or the conveyor comprises a conveyor tube, so that the solvent of the conveyor with the

Delivery pipe can be fed, preferably the delivery pipe partially in the

Conveyor and / or is arranged in the inlet opening. The

Conveyor and / or the conveyor tube may be hollow cylindrical, preferably the conveyor a first hollow shaft and the conveyor tube to be a second hollow shaft. The conveyor may be closed on one side first hollow shaft. The hollow shaft closed on one side can be understood below to mean that the hollow shaft is closed on a diametrically opposite side to the feed opening with respect to the ejection axis or drum axis. The delivery tube may additionally comprise one or more tube openings, for example bores, on the delivery jacket so that the solvent can be distributed uniformly in the delivery device. The conveying device and / or the conveying tube can also have a round and / or circular and / or elliptical cross section in a radial direction, that is to say orthogonal to the ejection axis. In principle, the conveyor and / or the conveyor tube may also have a prism-like shape and / or be formed as a prism and in the radial direction of a triangular and / or rectangular and / or polygonal

Have cross-section. Advantageously, the delivery tube allows a uniform supply and distribution of the solvent in the

Conveyor.

In an embodiment of the invention, the sieve is a filter cloth and / or a

Support fabric and / or a filter, in particular, the sieve is made

Polypropylene and / or metal and / or of a composite material and / or of a carbon composite material, preferably from a

sintered material and / or ceramic and / or sintered metal. The

Filter cloth and / or the support fabric can be a textile filter cloth and / or a Be textile backing fabric. The support fabric may be disposed between the filter cloth and the inner peripheral surface of the drum shell and thereby prevents the filter cloth is pulled into the Abiaufbohrung due to the drum pressure and the Abiaufbohrung is clogged by the filter cloth. By supporting tissue is thus ensured that the centrifuged liquid phase of the mixture safely from the

Centrifuge drum can be discharged to the outside. The filter screen can also be a second hollow cylinder in which the one or more pores can be arranged. The sieve may be hollow cylindrical, preferably a third hollow shaft. The sieve can also have a round and / or circular and / or elliptical cross section in a radial direction, that is to say orthogonal to the drum axis. The sieve advantageously enables the settable mixture, in particular the solid phase or the

Solid cake, to be arranged so that the extraction fluid, in particular the supercritical extraction fluid, can be applied to the settable mixture and this is completely penetrable by the extraction fluid.

In an embodiment of the invention, one or more grooves, preferably oblique grooves are formed on an outer side of the screen, and / or formed in the direction of the drum axis one or more longitudinal grooves.

Advantageously, the liquid phase of the mixture and / or the extraction fluid, in particular the partially supercritical extraction fluid, can thus be directed to the inlet opening and / or outlet opening, in particular to the

Relaxation valve, or after off the centrifuge off and / or traceable. In an embodiment of the invention are on the outside of the screen

Fasteners arranged to fix the screen on the drum, preferably on the outside of the screen a cam and a groove provided on the inner peripheral surface of the drum shell, so that the screen on the centrifuge drum, preferably on the inner peripheral surface of the drum shell is fixed, in particular in the operating state at the inner Peripheral surface on the drum shell can be fastened and fixed.

Fastening elements can be any device with which the sieve can be fastened to the centrifuge drum such that the sieve can be carried along by the centrifuge drum in the operating state. The sieve can also be fastened to the centrifuge drum by means of a cold press adaptation. The sieve can also by means of a fixing device, for example with a fixing pin and / or a Fixierkragen on the inner

Peripheral surface of the drum shell to be fixed in the radial direction to the drum axis. This measure allows a simple and fast

Fixation of the screen on the inner peripheral surface of the drum shell of the centrifuge drum. In addition, the centrifuge can be adjusted by changing the sieve to any mixture and the sieve depending on

desired operating mode to be converted.

In an embodiment of the invention, the ejection element in the form of a helical coil is formed with an ejection surface, preferably a screw conveyor, and the ejection element is rotatable in the operating state to the ejection axis such that the mixture, in particular the

Solid phase or the solid cake, with the ejection surface along the ejection axis is movable, or the ejection element is a

Moving floor device and the sliding floor device in the operating state such along the ejection axis arranged back and forth that the mixture with the push floor device, preferably with a

Thrust surface of the sliding floor device, along the ejection axis is movable. The ejection element can, especially if it is as

Moving bottom device is formed in the operating state a

Perform oscillatory relative movement between the moving floor device and the stationary in the axial direction of the centrifuge drum and / or between one or more possibly existing other centrifuge drums, so be reciprocated. The rotation and / or the oscillatory movement of the ejection element can via the Conveyor or a push rod done. Advantageously, the mixture is feasible in a structurally simple manner in the drum. The ejection element, in particular the screw conveyor, may comprise the ejection surface arranged on the conveyor, so that the ejection element advantageously fulfills a dual function.

Advantageously, on the one hand by means of the conveyor of the

Ausstosselement the solvent in an extraction fluid, in particular a supercritical extraction fluid, converted and be applied to the settleable mixture, and on the other hand, by means of the ejection element, in particular the ejection surface or thrust surface, the settleable

Mixtures, in particular the solid phase or solid cake in the direction of the outlet opening to be movable. The ejection element, in particular the conveying device, may also comprise a mixture feed,

For example, a bore, in particular in the corrugated sheath, so that the mixture through the inlet opening by mixture supply in the

Centrifuge drum is feasible. The ejection element can also be a

Include ejection disc, with which the mixture of the centrifuge drum is ejected. The discharge disc allows a targeted distribution of the laxable mixture. In an embodiment of the invention, the mixture can be discharged from the centrifuge via the outlet opening, and / or the centrifuge comprises a

Relaxation valve, preferred is the expansion valve on the

Inlet opening and / or outlet opening of the centrifuge drum arranged. The expansion valve advantageously allows the maintenance of the supercritical phase of the extraction fluid in the centrifuge,

in particular in the centrifuge drum and the extraction fluid in a suitable collecting container for the purpose of relaxation, recuperation and

Separation of the extraction material to lead from the extraction fluid.

The centrifuge may comprise a cavitation rotor, wherein the

Cavitation rotor preferably between the inlet opening of the Centrifugal drum and the ejection element can be arranged, particularly preferably, the Kavitationsrotor be rotatable in the operating state about a rotor axis. The cavitation rotor can turn into a second

Be rotatable direction of rotation. The first direction of rotation and the second

Direction of rotation may match, preferably the second

Direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation can be. Of the

Cavitation rotor may be hollow cylindrical, preferably be designed as a further hollow cylinder. The cavitation rotor may be drivable with another motor, in particular a frequency-controlled further motor, in order to be able to control the throughput quantity and the throughput time of the mixture with the cavitation rotor. The first engine and the second engine and the other engine may be the same engine or different engines. Advantageously, the mixture with the Kavitationsrotor can be additionally pretreated, mixed and cavitated, i. mechanical forces act on the mixture and thus ensure better mixing of the mixture. Likewise, the mixture due to the rotation of the

Cavitation rotor in the opposite direction additionally treated mechanically and / or mixed better.

The centrifuge may comprise a flash tank, which may be arranged at the outlet opening, so that the settable mixture of the centrifuge drum with the ejection element in the

Relaxation tank is feasible. A discharge device can be provided on the expansion tank, so that the expanded mixture with the discharge device can be discharged from the expansion tank. The centrifuge may comprise a condenser, wherein the condenser is preferably arranged on the expansion tank, so that the expanded mixture can be liquefied by means of condensation.

The centrifuge may comprise a pump, preferably one

High-pressure solids pump, the pump may preferably be arranged at the inlet opening, particularly preferably outside the centrifuge. The Centrifuge may comprise a steam generator, wherein the steam generator is preferably arranged at the inlet opening, particularly preferably outside the centrifuge. The pump may be a frequency-controlled pump and / or be controllable by a transmission. The pump has the advantage that the mixture before it the centrifuge, in particular the

Centrifuge drum and / or the Kavitationsrotor can be fed via the inlet port, can be brought in addition to a pump pressure. The steam generator has the advantage that the mixture, before it can be supplied to the centrifuge via the inlet opening of the drum, additionally a gas, preferably a water vapor, can be supplied.

The invention further relates to an extraction process for treating a mixture in a centrifuge. The centrifuge comprises a centrifuge drum having a drum shell extending along a drum axis of the centrifuge drum, the centrifuge drum having a drum shell

Inlet opening and an outlet opening and the

Centrifuge drum via the inlet opening a mixture is supplied. The centrifuge drum is rotatably mounted in the centrifuge about the drum axis. The centrifuge further comprises a screen with a pore, and the screen is placed on an inner peripheral surface of the drum shell. The centrifuge drum is rotated about the drum axis such that on an inside of the sieve, the mixture standing under a drum pressure generated by the rotation is deposited. The centrifuge also comprises an ejection element which is arranged in the sieve. The

Ausstosselement comprises a conveyor with a delivery opening, wherein by means of the conveyor, a solvent in the

Fed to the centrifuge drum and the solvent over the

Delivery opening at least partially as an extraction fluid from the

Transfer device is applied in the centrifuge drum on the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture that by means of

Extraction fluid extractant is extracted from the mixture. In an embodiment of the invention, the solvent is so over the

Delivery opening at least partially applied as a supercritical extraction fluid from the conveyor into the centrifuge drum on the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture that an extractant is extracted from the mixture by means of the supercritical extraction fluid. The ejection element with the conveyor is rotatable about a

Ejection axis is arranged, and the ejection element is rotated about the ejection axis, that at least partially in a supercritical extraction fluid transferred by the rotary pressure generated by the rotary printing solvent and the supercritical extraction fluid is applied to the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture, so that an extractant is extracted from the mixture by means of the supercritical extraction fluid.

The inventive extraction method for the treatment of a

Mixture can be carried out as follows. By means of the conveyor, a solvent is fed into the centrifuge drum. The

Solvent is supplied by means of the rotation of the Ausstosslements, in particular via the conveyor with the delivery openings, as extraction fluid in the centrifuge drum and applied to the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture. The rotary pressure and / or the

Drum pressure cause the extraction fluid, the settleable mixture, in particular the deposited on the screen solid phase or the

Solid cake of the mixture can completely penetrate, that is extracted by means of the extraction fluid, an extractant from the mixture.

In particular, the solvent due to the rotation of the

Ejection element under the rotational pressure in an at least partially supercritical extraction fluid, preferably a substantially completely supercritical extraction fluid transferred, and already partially

supercritical extraction fluid from the conveyor with the

Delivery openings are placed in the centrifuge drum and placed on top of the Deposited on the inside of the screen dedustable mixture, so that by means of at least partially supercritical extraction fluid, the settleable mixture is completely penetrated.

The inventive method has the above-described advantages of the centrifuge according to the invention.

The invention further relates to the use of a centrifuge according to one of claims 1 to 11 for carrying out an extraction method according to any one of claims 12 to 14. Thus, the centrifuge according to the invention can be used in carrying out the extraction process according to the invention.

Further advantageous measures and preferred process guides emerge from the dependent claims.

In the following, the invention is described both in apparatus and in

procedural terms explained with reference to embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the schematic

Drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is a known from the prior art

Extraction device, and

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the inventive

Centrifuge.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a first

Embodiment of the inventive centrifuge 1 for carrying out an extraction process. The centrifuge 1 comprises a

Centrifuge drum 2 with a drum shell 21 extending along a drum axis T of the centrifuge drum 2. The

Centrifuge drum 2 has an inlet opening 22 and an outlet opening 23, wherein the centrifuge drum 2 via the inlet opening 22 a mixture can be fed. In addition, the centrifuge drum 2 in the

Centrifuge 1 rotatably disposed about the drum axis T. The centrifuge further comprises a sieve 3 with a pore (not shown), wherein the sieve 3 is arranged on an inner circumferential surface 24 of the drum shell 21. In the operating state, the centrifuge drum 2 is rotatable about the drum axis T in such a way that on an inner side of the sieve 3 the mixture standing under a drum pressure generated by the rotation is settable. The centrifuge further comprises an ejection element 4, which is arranged in the sieve 3. According to the invention, the ejection element 4 comprises a

By means of the conveyor 41, a solvent in such a way in the centrifuge drum 2 can be supplied and the solvent via the feed opening 42 at least partially as a

Extraction fluid in such a way from the conveyor 41 into the centrifuge drum 2 can be applied to the deductible on the inside of the screen mixture, that by means of the extraction fluid, an extractant from the mixture is extractable. The solvent can also by means of

Conveyor 41 can be supplied as such as extraction fluid in the centrifuge drum 2 and by means of the delivery opening 42 at least partially as a supercritical extraction fluid from the conveyor 41 into the centrifuge drum 2 on the dedustable on the inside of the screen 3 mixture can be applied that by means of the supercritical extraction fluid Extractant is extractable from the mixture.

The ejection element 4 is arranged in the centrifuge 1, preferably in the sieve 3, rotatable about an ejection axis A. In the operating state that is

Ejection element 4 with the conveyor 41 rotatable about the ejection axis A, that under one generated by the rotation

Rotary pressure standing solvent through the ejection element 4, in particular the conveyor 41, at least partially in one

supercritical extraction fluid is convertible. So the solvent can By means of the rotary pressure already on the ejection element 4, preferably in the conveyor 41, be transferred into an extraction fluid, so that the solvent of the centrifuge drum 2 can be supplied as extraction fluid. The solvent can thus be applied by means of the delivery opening 42 at least partially, preferably completely, as a supercritical extraction fluid from the conveyor 41 into the centrifuge drum 2 to the dedustable on the inside of the screen 3 mixture that by means of the supercritical extraction fluid, an extractant from the mixture is extractable. The coatable on the deductible mixture

Extraction fluid can thus the dedustable mixture, completely

penetrate.

The conveying device 41 comprises a shaft casing 43 extending along the ejection axis A of the ejection element 4. The feed opening 42 is arranged on, preferably in, the shaft casing 43, and is preferably designed as a nozzle and / or a bore. The conveyor 41 further comprises a conveyor tube 44, so that the solvent of the conveyor 41 with the conveyor tube 44 can be fed. The delivery pipe 44 is partially disposed in the conveyor 41 and the inlet port 23. The delivery tube 44 may also include a nozzle and / or a bore (not shown). The conveyor and / or the conveyor tube are

hollow cylindrical, in particular the conveyor 41 a first

Hollow shaft and the delivery pipe 44 a second hollow shaft. The conveyor 41 is a closed on one side first hollow shaft.

The sieve 3 may be a filter cloth and / or a support fabric and / or a

Filter screen and may in particular made of polypropylene and / or metal and / or of a composite material and / or of a carbon

Be composite material, preferably be made of a sintered material and / or ceramic and / or sintered metal. In addition, at one

One or more grooves, preferably oblique grooves may be formed on the outside of the screen 3, and / or in the direction of the drum axis T one or more be formed a plurality of longitudinal grooves. On the outside of the screen 3 fasteners may be arranged to fix the screen 3 to the centrifuge drum. Preferably, a cam can be provided on the outside of the screen 3, and a groove can be provided on the inner peripheral surface 24 of the drum shell 21, so that the screen 3 can be fixed to the centrifuge drum 2, preferably on the inner peripheral surface 24 of the drum shell 21.

The ejection element 4 is in the form of a helical coil with an ejection surface 45, in particular as a screw conveyor. In the operating state, the ejection element 4 is rotatable about an ejection axis A such that the mixture with the ejection surface 45 along the

Ejection axis A is movable. The ejection element 4 may also be a push floor device (not shown) and the

Push floor device can in the operating state so along the

Ejection axis A be arranged back and forth that the mixture with the pusher bottom device, preferably with a thrust surface of the

Schubbodenvorrichtung, along the ejection axis A is movable. The centrifuge 1 comprises an expansion valve 5, which is arranged at the inlet opening 23 of the centrifuge drum 2.

The inventive extraction method for the treatment of a

Mixture can be carried out in a centrifuge 1 as described above.

The inventive extraction method for the treatment of a

Mixture can be carried out in the centrifuge 1 according to the invention.

Claims

claims:

1 . Centrifuge for carrying out an extraction process, comprising a centrifuge drum (2) with a drum shell (21) extending along a drum axis (T) of the centrifuge drum (2), the centrifuge drum (2) having an inlet opening (22) and an inlet opening (22)

Having outlet (23), and the centrifuge drum (2) via the inlet opening (22) is fed to a mixture, and wherein the

Centrifuge drum (2) in the centrifuge (1) rotatable about the

Drum axis (T) is arranged, and a sieve (3) having a pore, wherein the sieve (3) on an inner peripheral surface (24) of the

Drum shell (21) is arranged, and the centrifuge drum (2) in the operating state is rotatable about the drum axis (T) that on an inner side of the sieve (3) under a drum pressure generated by the rotation mixture is deductible, and an ejection element (4), which is arranged in the sieve (3),

characterized in that

the ejection element (4) has a conveyor (41) with a

Delivery means (42), and by means of the conveyor (41) a solvent in the centrifuge drum (2) can be fed and the solvent via the delivery opening (42) at least partially as an extraction fluid such from the conveyor (41) in the

Centrifuge drum (2) on the on the inside of the sieve (3) deductible mixture can be applied, that by means of the extraction fluid, an extractant from the mixture is extractable.

2. Centrifuge according to claim 1, wherein by means of the delivery opening (42) the solvent is at least partially as a supercritical extraction fluid from the conveyor (41) in the centrifuge drum (2) on the inside of the sieve (3) deductible mixture can be applied, that by means of the supercritical extraction fluid from an extraction material extractable from the mixture.

Centrifuge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ejection element (4) in the centrifuge (1), preferably in the sieve (3), is arranged rotatably about an ejection axis (A), and the ejection element (4) with the conveyor (41) in Operating state is rotatable about the ejection axis (A), that under a rotation pressure generated by the rotation solvent by the ejection element (4), in particular the conveyor (41), is transferable into an extraction fluid, preferably in an at least partially supercritical extraction fluid can be converted is.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the conveying device (41) comprises a shaft casing (43) extending along the ejection axis (A) of the ejection element (4), and / or the feed opening (42) on, preferably in, shaft casing (43 ), and / or the delivery opening (42) is formed as a nozzle and / or as a bore.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Conveying device (41) comprises a conveying tube (44), so that the

Solvent of the conveyor (41) with the delivery pipe (44) can be supplied, preferably the delivery pipe (44) partially in the

Conveyor (41) and / or in the inlet opening (23) is arranged.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Conveying device (41) and / or the conveying tube (44) are hollow cylindrical, preferably the conveyor (41) is a first hollow shaft and the conveyor tube (44) is a second hollow shaft, particularly preferably the conveyor (41) is a hollow shaft closed on one side. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the screen (3) is a filter cloth and / or a supporting fabric and / or a filter screen, in particular the screen (3) made of polypropylene and / or metal and / or of a composite material and / or a carbon

Composite material is preferably made of a sintered material and / or ceramic and / or sintered metal.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on one outer side of the screen (3) one or more grooves, preferably oblique grooves are formed, and / or in the direction of the drum axis (T) one or more longitudinal grooves are formed.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein on the outside of the screen (3) fasteners for fixing the screen

(3) are arranged on the centrifuge drum (2), a cam is preferably provided on the outside of the sieve (3), and a groove is provided on the inner circumferential surface of the drum shell (21), so that the sieve (3) on the centrifuge drum (2) , Preferably on the inner peripheral surface of the drum shell (21) is fixable.

Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Ausstosselement (4) in the form of a helical coil is formed with an ejection surface, preferably a screw conveyor, and the ejection element (4) in the operating state such a

Output shaft (A) is rotatable, that the mixture with the ejection surface (45) along the ejection axis is movable, or the ejection element

(4) is a push floor device and the push floor device in the operating state so along the ejection axis (A) back and forth

is arranged to be movable, that the mixture with the

Schubbodenvorrichtung, preferably with a thrust surface of

Moving floor device, along the ejection axis (A) is movable.

1 1. Centrifuge according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Centrifuge (1) comprises an expansion valve (5), preferably the

Expansion valve (5) at the outlet opening (23) and / or

Inlet opening (22) of the centrifuge drum (2) is arranged.

12. Extraction method for treating a mixture in a centrifuge (1), wherein the centrifuge (1) has a centrifuge drum (2) with a drum axis (T) of the centrifuge drum (2)

extending drum shell (21), and the centrifuge drum (2) has an inlet opening (22) and an outlet opening (23), wherein the centrifuge drum (2) via the inlet port (22) is supplied to a mixture, and the centrifuge drum (2) in the centrifuge (1) is arranged rotatably about the drum axis (T), wherein the centrifuge (1) comprises a sieve (3) with a pore, and the sieve (3) is arranged on an inner peripheral surface (24) of the drum shell (21) is rotated, wherein the centrifuge drum (2) around the drum axis (T) is rotated so that on an inside of the screen (3) under a standing by a drum pressure generated by the rotation mixture is set, and an ejection element (4) in the sieve (3) is arranged

characterized in that

the ejection element (4) has a conveyor (41) with a

Delivery means (42), and by means of the conveyor (41), a solvent supplied to the centrifuge drum (2) and the solvent in such a way via the delivery opening (42) at least partially as an extraction fluid from the conveyor (41) in the

Centrifuge drum (2) is applied to the deposited on the inside of the screen (3) mixture, that by means of the extraction fluid, an extractant is extracted from the mixture. 13. The extraction process according to claim 12, wherein the solvent is at least partially as a supercritical via the delivery opening (42) Extraction fluid from the conveyor (41) in the centrifuge drum (2) is applied to the deposited on the inside of the sieve (3) mixture that an extractant is extracted from the mixture by means of the supercritical extraction fluid.

14. Extraction method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the

Ejection element (4) with the conveyor (41) rotatable about an ejection axis (A) is arranged, and the ejection element (4) is rotated about the ejection axis (A) that the standing under a rotation pressure generated by the rotation solvent by the conveyor (41) at least partially supercritical

Transfer extraction fluid and the supercritical extraction fluid is applied to the deposited on the inside of the screen (3) mixture, so that an extractant is extracted from the mixture by means of the supercritical extraction fluid.

15. Use of a centrifuge (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 1 1 for carrying out an extraction method according to any one of claims 12 to 14.