WO2018135956A1

WO2018135956A1 - Method of generating alternating current electric energy and electric generator

Info

Publication number: WO2018135956A1
Application number: PCT/PL2018/000005
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ireneusz JARZĄBEK
Original assignee: Jarzabek Ireneusz
Priority date: 2017-01-17
Filing date: 2018-01-15
Publication date: 2018-07-26
Also published as: PL420221A1; PL232872B1

Abstract

A generator of electrical energy contains an alternator having a rotor with magnets fixed thereto, and a stator with operating coils which are under the influence of the magnetic fields emitted by the rotor magnets. The rotor is made up of at least two discs (1) coupled to the shaft, where each of the discs is fitted with magnets (4) positioned so that only identical poles of the magnets (4) are found on each side of each rotor disc (1), and where the adjacent rotor discs (1) face each other with identical poles of magnets (4), and placed in the space between the magnets (4) of the adjacent rotor discs (1) are at least two sets (14) of stator operating coils, with each of the sets (14) containing stator operating coil blocks (3) in a number equal to no more than half the number of magnets (4) on the rotor disc (1) adjacent thereto, and each stator operating coil block (3) contains at least one operating coil, where the outer and inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3) is given the shape similar to a circle section with rounded apexes, and the stator operating coil blocks (3) in a given set (14) form the stator disc (15).

Description

METHOD OF GENERATING ALTERNATING CURRENT ELECTRIC ENERGY

AND ELECTRIC GENERATOR

The invention concerns a method of generating alternating current electrical energy, and a high-efficiency electrical energy generator the structure of which ensures minimization of the magnetic field which slows down the rotor and is induced in the stator operating winding.

Known from patent document CN 201937415 U is a high- efficiency multi-rotor and multi-stator interactive generator which contains a housing and a rotor shaft rotationally mounted on the housing, where arranged longitudinally and co-axially on the shaft are rotors independent of one another, having the same number of rotor coil grooves, or rotors featuring permanent magnets the number of which is the same for each rotor, and where arranged longitudinally and co-axially on the housing are stators having the same number of stator coil grooves and independent of one another, each tailored, as appropriate, to each rotor, the number of stators being the same as the number of rotors. The coil grooves or permanent magnets on each rotor are positioned axially opposite one another, and the grooves of the coils on each of the stators move successively with respect to the axis of the respective stator by identical angle, or the coil grooves are positioned axially opposite one another on each stator, and the coil grooves or permanent magnets on each of the rotors move successively with respect to the axis of the respective rotor by identical angle. Since the magnetic forces acting between its multiple rotors and multiple stators cancel each other out, the rotational inertia angle gets reduced, the rotation gains in stability and the driving force savings improve. The external driving force is equivalent to the rotation driven by only one rotor, but is able to generate power several times higher than the power generated by a motor with a single rotor. A generator of this type proves highly efficient in the production of electrical energy, it is energy-saving and consumes small amounts of energy when in operation.

Known from document US2015084467 Al is an alternating current generator of increased efficiency, having a cylindrical stator with a shaft freely rotating inside it and a rotor coupled to the shaft. The generator has a first set of magnets in which the south pole of each magnet is coupled to the surface of the rotor at its ends, and the north pole of each magnet is facing the inner surface of the stator, as well as a second set of magnets in which the north pole of each magnet is coupled to the surface of the rotor at its ends and the south pole of each magnet is facing the inner surface of the stator; moreover, the generator features a set of silicon steel pieces coupled to the rotor, positioned between the magnets of the first and second sets at an appropriate distance to the magnets, so as to provide for an air gap of appropriate size. In addition, the size of the magnets and their distance to the stator are selected as appropriate. The stator is built of laminated silicon steel plates featuring longitudinal slots in which the wire of the winding is placed so that it can be crossed by rotating stream of magnetic field generated by the two magnet sets.

The purpose of the invention is to develop a method of generating alternating current electrical energy which will ensure minimisation of the magnetic field which slows down the rotor and is induced in the stator operating winding, and guarantee increase of the generated current energy or voltage, as well as to develop the structure of a high-efficiency generator which would produce electrical energy according to

the above method. Whenever the description of this invention makes reference to magnets or permanent magnets, is shall be construed as permanent magnets or electromagnets.

A generator of electrical energy, containing an alternator having a rotor with magnets fixed thereto, and a stator with operating coils which are under the influence of the magnetic fields emitted by the rotor magnets, according to the invention is characterised in that the rotor is made up of at least two discs coupled to the shaft, where each of the discs is fitted with magnets positioned so that only identical poles of the magnets are found on each side of each rotor disc, and where the adjacent rotor discs face each other with identical poles of the magnets, and placed in the space between the magnets of the adjacent rotor discs are at least two sets of stator operating coils, with each of the sets containing stator operating coil blocks in a number equal to no more than half the number of the magnets on the rotor disc adjacent thereto, and each stator operating coil block contains at least one operating coil, where the outer and inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks is given the shape similar to a circle section with rounded apexes, and the stator operating coil blocks in a given set form the stator disc.

Preferably, the length of the rotor disc magnets is at least equal to the length of the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks.

Preferably, the magnets are evenly distributed across the rotor disc, where the size of the free spaces between the adjacent magnets corresponds with the magnet size, and the length of the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks is approximately twice smaller than the length of the outer contour of the block.

Preferably, fixed to the stator housing are ferromagnetic cores of the stator operating coil blocks, where the cores are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks along their inner contour.

In addition, fixed to the stator housing are ferromagnetic screens of the stator operating coil blocks, where the screens are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks on their front side along their inner contour and where the front side of the blocks is the first element to which the magnets arranged on the rotor disc come close in the circular motion of the said disc.

Preferably, the ferromagnetic screens of the stator operating coil blocks, which are arranged around the blocks on their front side along the inner contour, are insulated from the blocks and ferromagnetic cores arranged around the blocks along their inner contour with a layer of magnetic separator.

If the stator operating coil blocks in a specified set contact each other with their front surfaces, then preferably fixed to the stator housing are ferromagnetic cores arranged around the stator operating coil block sets along the outer contour of the sets, and/or ferromagnetic cores which are arranged around the stator operating coil block sets along the inner contour of these sets.

If the operating coil blocks in a specified set do not contact each other with their front surfaces, then preferably fixed to the stator housing are ferromagnetic cores of the stator operating coil blocks, which are arranged around the blocks along their outer contour, and/or

ferromagnetic screens of the stator operating coil blocks, which are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks on their front side along their outer contour, where the front side of the blocks is the first element to which the magnets arranged on the rotor disc come close in the circular motion of this disc.

Preferably, the ferromagnetic screens of the stator operating coil blocks, which are arranged around the blocks on their front side along their outer contour, are insulated from the blocks and ferromagnetic cores arranged around the blocks along their outer contour with a layer of magnetic separator.

Preferably, the side edges of the ferromagnetic cores of the stator operating coil blocks/ sets are close to the magnets of two adjacent rotor discs along the entire thickness of the said stator operating coil blocks/ sets.

Preferably, fixed to the rotor disc are ferromagnetic screens of the magnets, arranged around the magnets on their front sides, where the magnet front side is the first to come close to the stator operating coil block, where preferably the ferromagnetic screens are insulated from the magnets with a layer of magnetic separator.

If coupled to the rotor magnets and stator operating coil blocks are ferromagnetic screens arranged around the magnets on their front sides, and around the stator operating coil blocks on their front sides along their outer and inner contours, the circular motion of the rotor disc is given such direction that the screens mounted in front of the rotor magnets and the screens mounted inside the stator operating coils and/or in front of the stator operating coils are the first elements which come nearer each other, thus causing magnetic field asymmetry advantageous for the direction of the revolving rotor the moment the magnets come close to/ go apart from the stator operating coils, while where there are no ferromagnetic screens mounted, no asymmetry of magnetic fields occurs;

hence, the rotations of the rotor discs with respect to the stator operating coil can take any direction.

Preferably, the stator operating coil block is made up of a pair of coils magnetically coupled (paired) to each other, their winding made of two winding wires wound so that the first and all subsequent layers of the winding are wound simultaneously, where each subsequent layer of the winding is made of two winding wires wound interchangeably so that the cross section of the final winding forms the chessboard pattern.

Preferably, fixed to the stator housing between adjacent sets of stator operating coils placed the closest to the central point of the distance between the rotor discs, is a magnetic separator featuring openings the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks, the openings' position matching the position of the stator operating coil blocks.

Preferably, the magnetic separator takes the form of a disc, the outer and inner contours of which correspond, respectively, to the outer and inner contours of the stator operating coil block set, and preferably is placed in the central point of the distance between the rotor discs.

Preferably, too, fixed to the stator housing on both sides of the magnetic separator are ferromagnetic core discs featuring openings the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks, where the openings' position matches the position of the stator operating coil blocks.

Preferably, the outer and inner contours of the ferromagnetic core disc correspond, respectively, to the outer and inner contours of the set of the stator operating coil blocks.

Preferably , the number of windings in the stator operating coils placed between one of the rotor discs and the first half of the distance to the adjacent rotor disc is the same as the number of windings in the stator operating coils placed between the second rotor disc and the second half of the said distance.

Preferably, the alternator is fitted with resonance blocks which contain alternating current condensers connected as appropriate to the coils in the stator operating coil blocks so as to excite serial or parallel electrical resonance of the first degree, preferably of the same frequency.

Preferably, too, the resonance blocks and the stator operating coil blocks in a specific stator operating coil set are connected to analogous resonance blocks and stator operating coil blocks of another set of stator operating coils, in particular a set which is a mirror reflection of the first set on the other side of the magnetic separator disc placed radially in the central point between the rotor discs; moreover, they are connected to power keying transistors, electronic control elements, power transforming modules, and a receiver, so that excited in those operating coils is electrical resonance of the second degree, where preferably the excited second-degree frequencies are equal to one another and at least ten times higher than the excited first-degree resonance frequencies.

Preferably, the generator is additionally fitted with a drive unit, electronic control module, electronic measuring module, power transforming module containing an internal or external energy accumulation module, and with a receiver connected to the generator.

Preferably, the drive unit is supplied with energy from an external source, or supported from an internal source, or the drive unit is supplied with the electrical energy generated in the generator and the electrical energy accumulated in the internal energy accumulation module.

A method of generating alternating current electrical energy based on generating rotational electromotive force according to the invention is characterised in that the rotational electromotive force is generated in the fluctuating stream of magnetic fields which repel one another, in which all immobile coils where electric current is induced work synchronically in a single phase, and where the electric current induced in adjacent coils generates mutually opposite magnetic fields.

Preferably, distorted asymmetrically and reduced is the interaction between the approaching one another and mutually opposite magnetic fields of the rotor magnets which induce electrical current in the stator operating coils and the magnetic fields in the stator operating coils, and the interaction between the stator operating coils, where the magnetic fields are generated by the electrical current induced in the coils, and where whenever the rotor magnets go apart from the stator operating coils, the phenomenon of mutual reduction of the magnetic fields does not occur, which is advantageous for the direction of rotor rotation.

Preferably, the stream of mutually repelling magnetic fields is separated, where the stream mutually induces electric current in the coils, and at the same time the fields are attracted so that they permeate evenly all coils in which electric current is induced, thus also causing mutual cancellation of opposite vectors of these magnetic fields which permeate one another, in effect of whi ch the resultant vector of their force is close to zero, which is advantageous for minimization of the slowing-down effect on the magnetic fields of the rotating rotor.

Preferably, excited in the coils where electrical current is induced is electrical resonance of the first degree, serial or parallel, preferably of the same value in all first-degree resonance systems, and in addition the appropriately coupled coils in which electric current is induced are loaded interchangeably using the electrical energy induced in those coils and the active first-degree electrical resonance as the source of power supply for the second-degree resonance excited in those coils, the frequency of which is preferably at least ten times higher than the first-degree resonance frequency.

The generator increases the current energy or voltage produced and minimises the slowing-down effect of the magnetic field of the stator operating coils in an alternator on the permanent magnets mounted on the discs of the rotor coupled to the shaft. The shaft is driven with an internal or external drive unit in the form of an electric motor. The magnetic field slowing down the rotor, which is induced in the stator operating coils, is offset by the specially modified system of operating coils positioned with respect to the rotor permanent magnets in the configuration described above, as well by mutual polarization of the permanent magnets, the systems controlling the electronic components, and the use of the phenomenon of resonance, i.e. the so-called first-degree and second- degree resonance. All coils of the generator work synchronically in a single phase, thanks to which their currents or voltages can be summed up depending on the needs; the generator coils can work in a first-degree resonance system or in a non-first-degree resonance system, they can also work in a mixed configuration. The generator generates single-phase alternating current. Using a power transforming module, the output electrical energy leaving the generator can be shaped as desired into direct or alternating, single-phase or three-phase current, depending on the anticipated demand or special applications.

Thanks to the magnetic coupling between opposite stator operating coil blocks of two adjacent operating coil sets the electromotive forces induced by permanent magnets in circular motion of the two rotor discs between which these stator operating coil set are placed produce opposite magnetic fields which additionally mutually increase the current energy or voltage in the coils of these blocks, and at the same time the vectors of their magnetic streams cancel out so that the forces of their resultant interaction on magnetic fields of the permanent magnets mounted on the rotor discs generate veiy week forces which slow down the rotating rotor. Moreover, the electromotive forces induced by odd permanent magnets (i.e. magnets: 1, 3, 5, 7, etc.) of the rotating rotor disc and generated in the stator operating coil blocks make the magnetic streams in the directly contacting winding of the adjacent stator operating coil blocks produce opposite magnetic fields which additionally mutually increase the current energy or voltage in these coils, and at the same time the vectors of the magnetic streams cancel out so that the forces of their resultant interaction on magnetic fields of the permanent magnets mounted on the rotor discs generate very weak forces which slow down the rotating rotor, while at the same time even magnets of the rotor disc (i.e. magnets: 2, 4, 6, 8, etc.), which, depending on the phase of the rotor rotation with respect to the windings of the stator operating coil blocks, come close to/ go apart from the opposite ends of the windings of these stator operating coil blocks, demonstrate the same magnetic field polarity as that of the magnetic stream generated by electrical energy induced in these coils, thus triggering forces the sense of which is the same as the direction of the rotating rotor, where coupled with the convergent direction of the forces produced in the windings of the stator operating coil blocks which are placed in front of the odd rotor magnets, the even magnets cause balancing of the forces in effect, thanks to which the forces which slow down the rotating rotor are very weak.

Further benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent after a careful reading of the detailed description with appropriate reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings: Fig. 1 depicts schematically a single stator operating coil block and the position of the rotor magnets with respect to this block in a pre-set position; Fig. 2 presents a view of the shaft of two magnetically-coupled blocks of the stator operating coils as in Fig. 1 , belonging to two separate sets; Fig. 3 shows a single block of stator operating coils as in Fig. 1 with ferromagnetic screens and cores of the stator operating coil blocks and ferromagnetic screen of rotor magnets; Fig. 4 presents the view along the shaft of two magnetically-coupled stator operating coil blocks as in Fig. 3, belonging to two separate sets; Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of a single stator operating coil block made up of one coil, with a cross-section of this block along cylindrical plane D; Fig. 6 presents a perspective view of a single stator operating coil block made up of two coils paired into the chessboard pattern, with a cross-section of this block along cylindrical plane D; Fig. 7 shows three stator operating coil blocks in a section of the stator disc, contacting each other radially with their front surfaces, fitted with cores and ferromagnetic screens, and presents the position of the rotor magnets with respect to these blocks in the pre-set position, shown schematically; Fig. 8 depicts two stator operating coil blocks as in Fig. 3 in a section of stator disc, and the position of rotor magnets with respect to these blocks, shown schematically; Fig. 9 presents the view along the shaft in a section of the alternator with six rotor discs and six stator operating coil blocks, shown schematically; Fig. 10 gives the view along the shaft of a fragment of the alternator as in Fig. 9 with two drive units at the two outermost rotor discs, shown schematically; Fig. 1 1 to Fig. 13 show a fragment of cross- section of the alternator with rotor magnets in three positions with respect to the stator operating coils (i.e. for the maximum positive voltage induced, the passage of the generated voltage through zero, and for the maximum negative voltage induced) with two sets of stator operating coil blocks, the view comprising four blocks of the stator operating coils on the stator disc, as in Fig. 5, along cylindrical plane D, as in Fig. 18, and with marked direction of magnetic field streams, all shown schematically; Fig. 14 to Fig. 16 present a fragment of cross-section of the alternator with rotor magnets in three positions with respect to the stator operating coils (i.e. for the maximum positive voltage induced, passage of the generated voltage through zero, and for the maximum negative voltage induced) with two sets of stator operating coil blocks, the view

comprising four blocks of the stator operating coils on the stator disc, where each set contains two magnetically coupled (paired) coils forming the chessboard pattern, as in Fig. 6, along the cylindrical plane D, as in Fig. 18, and with marked magnetic field streams, all shown

schematically; Fig. 17 gives a view of the rotor disc; Fig. 18 shows the view of the stator disc; Fig. 19 presents the view of the magnetic separator; Fig. 20 shows the view of the ferromagnetic core disc; Fig. 21 presents the view of ferromagnetic cores for the stator operating coil blocks, contacting one another with their front surfaces; Fig. 22 presents the view of ferromagnetic cores for the stator operating coil blocks not contacting one another with their front surfaces; Fig. 23 to Fig. 26 show block diagrams of the generator in various configurations.

In the first exemplar}' embodiment of the invention, the electrical energy generator contains an alternator which in turn contains a rotor with magnets fixed thereto, and a stator with operating coils which stay under the influence of magnetic fields of the rotor magnets. The rotor is made up of two discs 1 set on a drive shaft at some distance from each other, where each of the discs is fitted with magnets 4 positioned radially on the disc 1 so that only the same poles of magnets 4 are found on each side of the disc 1, and where the adjacent discs 1 face each other with their respective, identical poles of magnets 4. In the space between magnets 4 on the rotor discs 1 adjacent to each other, positioned are at some distance from each other two immobile sets 14 of the stator operating coils, where each set 14 contains the same number of the stator operating coil blocks 3 which is equal to half the number of magnets 4 on a single disc 1, and where each block 3 of the stator operating coils can contain a single operating coil 3.1 of the cross-section 3.3 (Fig. 5), but preferably block 3 of the stator operating coils is made up of a pair of coils 3.2 (Fig. 6) magnetically coupled to each other, wound with two winding wires so that the first and subsequent winding layers are wound simultaneously, and each subsequent layer is wound interchangeably with two winding wires so that the cross section of the final windings 3.4, 3.5 (Fig. 6) forms the chessboard pattern. The outer and inner contour of blocks 3 of the stator operating coils is given the shape similar to a circle section with rounded apexes, where the outer contour of the coil block 3 is delimited by: the outer arc of the circle, two radii running from both ends of the arc towards the circle centre, where the arc ends converge at about 2/3 of their length along the shortest possible line in the shape of an arc which corresponds to the outer arc of a circle. Blocks 3 of the stator operating coils in each of the sets 14 are arranged radially across the entire circular space of the stator and contact one another with the front surfaces of the operating coil windings along their possibly longest sections, thus forming the stator disc 15 (Fig. 18). The two discs of the stator

positioned close to each other and facing each other with sides of the stator operating coil blocks fill the space between the unipolar magnets of the two adjacent rotor discs 1. The proximity between one operating coil and another is an important factor in the interaction between the coils. The induced electric current flowing tlirough the coils generates magnetic fields the polarity of which is opposite to the polarity of the magnetic fields of the adjacent operating coils, in effect of which additional electrical energy is induced therein, while at the same time the vectors of the opposite magnetic fields emitted by adjacent stator operating coil blocks cancel out, which carries the advantage of minimizing the slowing- down effect of the magnetic field of the rotor magnets, and increase effectiveness of the alternator. The length 1 of magnets 4 slightly exceeds the length d of the inner contour of block 3 of the stator operating coils (Fig. 17 and Fig. 18), while the width of the magnets 4 on disc 1 of the rotor, and the width of the side surfaces of the windings of blocks 3 of the stator operating coils is similar, and the distances between the adjacent magnets 4 on disc 1 of the rotor are equal to the width of magnets 4 along the radius on disc 1 of the rotor, whereas the widths of the spaces between the inner blocks 3 of the stator operating coils are approximately twice larger than the width of magnets 4.

In the second exemplary embodiment of the invention, the alternator of the generator described in the first exemplary embodiment has ferromagnetic cores 8, 9, and 10 mounted on the stator housing 2, where the screens are arranged around the block 3 of the stator operating coils along their inner contour, and along the outer and inner contours of the set 14 of the operating coils on the stator disc 15 (Fig. 21). In addition, fixed to the stator housing but only on the front side along the inner contour of the stator operating coil block are ferromagnetic screens 12, where that front side is the first element to which magnets 4 arranged on rotor disc 1 come close in the circular motion of the said rotor disc 1. In addition, there is a layer of magnetic separator 19 between the ferromagnetic screens 12 of the stator operating coil blocks 3 arranged around the blocks 3 on their front side along the inner contour, and the ferromagnetic cores 8 which are arranged around the blocks along their inner contour.

In the third exemplary embodiment, the generator alternator is different from the alternator described in examples one and two in that the stator operating coil blocks 3 in each of the two sets 14, arranged radially across the entire circular space of the stator do not contact one another with the front surfaces of the operating coil windings, as shown on Fig. 8. The number of the stator operating coil blocks 3 in a single set 14 is four times smaller than the number of magnets 4 on the rotor disc 1. In addition, mounted on the stator housing 2 are ferromagnetic cores 7 of the stator operating coil blocks 3, which are arranged around blocks 3 of the stator operating coils along their outer contour, as well as ferromagnetic screens 1 1 of the stator operating coil blocks 3, which are arranged around stator operating coil blocks 3 on their front side along their outer contour, where that front side is the first element to which the magnets 4 placed on the rotor disc 1 come close in the circular motion of the said rotor disc 1. Moreover, the ferromagnetic screens 1 1 of the stator operating coil blocks 3, which are arranged around the blocks 3 on their front side along their outer contour, are insulated from the blocks 3 and the ferromagnetic cores 7 arranged around blocks 3 along their outer contour with a layer of magnetic separator.

In yet other exemplary embodiments of the invention, the generator alternator described in the examples above may contain more than two sets 14 of the stator operating coil blocks, as described above.

The at least two sets 14 of the stator operating coil blocks, the sets as described in the examples above, contain all windings of the stator which together with two adjacent rotor discs 1 forms the basic section alternator.

Depending on the desired power of the generator and the length of the rotor shaft, the alternator may consist of several such sections, where the central sections of the windings jointly use the discs featuring the magnets, in which case the rotor discs of one section at the same time constitute one of the rotor discs for the adjacent sections, on both sides of the respective section, as shown on Fig. 9. On the other hand, the external discs of the outermost alternator sections, when looking from the side of the external magnetic fields of the magnets, which are not used by the alternator to generate energy, can be used to drive the alternator rotor by way of internal drive units functioning as neodymium alternating current motors, as shown on Fig. 10.

Thanks to the use of atypical opposite polarity of the magnets mounted on the rotor discs adjacent to one another, with operating coils of special structure placed between the rotor discs, and thanks to the specific arrangement of the rotor magnets with respect to the windings of the stator operating coils it is possible to achieve very high efficiency of the alternator. The use of ferromagnetic screens and cores additionally improves generator efficiency.

In all examples described above, in the subsequent invention embodiments, fixed to rotor disc 1 are ferromagnetic screens 13 of magnets 4, the screens arranged around magnets 4 on their front side which is the first element which comes close to the stator operating coil block 3 in the circular motion of the rotor disc 1. In addition, the ferromagnetic screens 13 of magnets 4, arranged around magnets 4 on their front side, are insulated from the same, magnets 4 with a layer of magnetic separator 16.

Thanks to using screens made of a soft ferromagnetic material, asymmetry of magneti c field force interactions occurs when the alternator rotor rotates; the interaction are weaker in the phase when the permanent magnets come close to the operating coils which generate electric current, and stronger when the permanent magnets go apart from the operating coils. When the fronts of the permanent magnets and operating coils come close to each other, they first pass by the ferromagnetic screens mounted in front of the magnets on the rotor discs and in front of the operating coils in the alternator stator. Such positioning of the soft ferromagnetic screens results in advantageous asymmetric distortion and weakening of the opposite magnetic fields coming close together, emitted by magnets and alternator operating coils. On the other hand, when the magnets go apart from the alternator operating coils, the phenomenon of distortion and weakening of the magnetic fields, caused by the

ferromagnetic screens does not occur. The characteristic advantage of using these ferromagnetic screens consists in the phenomenon of the occurrence of extra mutual attraction when the magnetic fields of the rotor come close to the magnetic fields of the ferromagnetic screens fixed in front of the operating coils in the stator, wi th simultaneous attraction occurring when the magnetic fields of the stator operating coils come close to the magnetic fields emitted by these ferromagnetic screens mounted in front of the permanent magnets in the rotor. The phenomenon of mutual attraction between magnetic fields, occurring when these ferromagnetic screens are used, does not occur when the permanent magnets reach the neutral point, i.e. the position which is the same as that of the operating coils, and further on, when the permanent magnets go apart from the operating coils with full force of repulsion. Such

asymmetry is advantageous for the direction corresponding with the rotation of the rotor, which has a beneficial effect on alternator efficiency, i.e. increases it. When no ferromagnetic screens are used in the

alternator, no asymmetry of magnetic fields occurs, which means the direction of rotor rotation can be any desirable.

In subsequent embodiments of the invention, the generator described in the examples above has a magnetic separator 6 mounted on the stator housing 2 between the adjacent sets 14 of the stator operating coils positioned the closest to the central point of the distance between the rotor discs 1 , where the magnetic separator 6 features openings 17, the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks 3 and which are positioned correspondingly to the position of the stator operating coil blocks. The magnetic separator 6 takes the form of a disc, the outer and inner contours of which correspond, respectively, to the outer and inner contours of the set 14 of the stator operating coil blocks 3, as shown on Fig. 19. In this way the stream of mutually repelling magnetic fields inducing electric current in the coils gets separated, and at the same time the same magnetic fields get attracted so that they permeate evenly throughout all coils in which electric current is induced. In addition, mounted to the stator housing 2 on both sides of the m agnetic separator 6 are discs of ferromagnetic cores 5 made of transformer sheets of appropriate thickness, featuring openings 18 the shape of which corresponds with the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks 3, the openings position corresponding with the position of the stator operating coil blocks 3, as shown on Fig. 20. Sheet layers of these cores positioned radially on the circular surface of the stator cause attraction of the magnetic fields of permanent magnets throughout the entire thickness of the stator operating coils blocks, and insulation of the opposite magnetic fields of the rotor discs adjacent on each other. The purpose of the sheets is to separate the opposite magnetic fields emitted by the permanent magnets mounted on the adjacent rotor discs so that the fields permeate evenly throughout all operating coils of the stator.

The discs of the ferromagnetic cores made of transformer sheets of appropriate thickness, placed in the circular space between the two rotor discs 1 and filling the space along the entire distance between these rotor discs 1 , form - together with the ferromagnetic cores - niches of a kind for the stator operating coils and at the same time corridors for the magnetic streams emitted by the operating coils of the stator and permanent magnets of the rotor, thus closing the pathway for the magnetic streams with the additional support from the rotor magnets, on both sides of the magnetic separator, in effect of which opposite magnetic fields get mutually reinforced, while simultaneously the slowing-down effect of the opposite magnetic fields emitted by the adjacent operating coils, and the magnetic fields of the permanent magnets of the rotor gets weakened. The positioning of the operating coils and transformer sheets under the windings of the stator winding blocks and along the inner and outer edges of the coils results in stronger and even impact of the magnetic fields emitted by the permanent magnets on the induction of electromotive force in all operating coils, as well as in generation of larger volume of electric energy by the generator, with simultaneous minimization of the slowing- down effect of the magnetic fields of the operating coils and permanent magnets, which substantially contributes to increasing the generated current energy or voltage and immensely improves effectiveness of the generator.

In subsequent examples of the invention embodiment the alternator described in the examples above is fitted with resonance blocks which contain alternating current condensers connected, as appropriate, to the coils in the stator operating coil blocks 3 so as to excite serial or parallel first-degree electric resonance in these coils, preferably of the same frequency. In addition, the resonance blocks and stator operating coil blocks 3 in a given set 14 of the stator operating coils are connected to the analogous resonance blocks and stator operating coil blocks 3 in another set 14 of the stator operating coils and to power keying transistors, electrical control elements, and power transforming modules, energy accumulation module, and external receiver, so that excited in those operating coils is electrical resonance of the second degree. The excited second-degree frequencies are all equal and at least ten times higher than the excited first-degree resonance frequencies. The second-degree resonance caused by alternate load keying of magnetically coupled

(paired) coils 3.4 and 3.5 in set 14 of the stator operating coils with appropriate coils 3.4 and 3.5 in another set 14 of the stator operating coils, positioned symmetrically on the opposite side of the magnetic separator 6, causes controlled overvoltages and cummulation of electric energy in these coils, thus resulting in the generation of a substantially larger volume of electric energy with simultaneous elimination of the

occurrence of the slowing-down force of the rotor 1 , because in the course of rotation cycle of rotor 1 corresponding to one period of the first-degree resonance, operating coils 3.4 and 3.5 subject to second-degree resonance emit alternatingly opposing magnetic fields, the polarity of which changes at least ten times faster than the change in the magnetic field of the first- degree resonance, in effect of which the sum of the magnetic field vectors is close to zero.

In all embodiments of the invention the number of the windings of the stator operating coils placed between one of the rotor discs 1 and the first half of the distance to the adjacent rotor disc 1 is the same and the number of windings of the stator operating coils placed between the other rotor disc 1 and the second half of the said distance.

The electromotive force of rotation is generated in the fluctuating stream of mutually repelling magnetic fields, in which all immobile coils in which electric current is induced work synchronically in a single phase, where the electric current induced in adjacent coils generates opposing magnetic fields.

To give an example, described below are two sections of alternator windings and a set of three discs with permanent magnets, with the directions of magnetic fields indicated:

<=disc N/S<= stator coils =>disc S/N=> stator coils <=disc /S<= where symbols: = and <= denote the directions of magnetic field polarity.

Polarisation of the magnetic fields emitted by the rotating rotor generates electric current in the stator operating coils, where the flow of the current induces magnetic fields of direction opposite to that of the magnetic fields of the magnets which have generated the flow of the respective current.

In the heretofore known alternators, the electric energy produced and the magnetic fields of the rotor and stator have a slowing-down effect on the alternator. In the case of the alternator according to this invention the situation is different. Not only is the phenomenon of slowing-down the alternator substantially minimised, but also there occurs the

phenomenon of increasing the current energy or voltage generated.

To provide an example, given below are the directions of the magnetic fields emitted by the permanent magnets, and the directions of the induced magnetic fields of the stator operating coil blocks containing two coils each, placed in between each pair of adjacent rotor discs:

Impact of magnet No. 1 (N/S¹) generates magnetic field in coil No. 1 (coil¹), the magnetic field being opposite to the magnetic field N/S¹, which is a commonly known phenomenon. The same phenomenon is observed for the following pair sets: coil² - S/N² , S/N² - coil³ and coil⁴ - N/S³.

Magnetic field interaction in pairs N/S¹ - coil¹ and coil² - S/N² causes opposite magnetic fields between coils No. 1 and No. 2 (coil¹ and coil²), where the average strength of magnetic fields is close to zero for both coils (magnetic field vectors cancel out), in effect of which the slowing- down effect on the rotating rotor discs with magnets N/S¹ and S/N² will be reduced almost to zero. Moreover, it can be observed that the direction of the magnetic fields generated by the N/S¹ - coil² pair is the same, thanks to which they sum up and have stronger impact on coil No. 1 (coil¹) found in between them, in effect of which the electric current induced in coil No. 1 (coil¹) is much larger.

The same interaction is observed for coil No. 2 (coil²); here, the magnetic fields interacting in the coil¹ - S/N² pair have the same direction, which results in summing-up of these magnetic fields and stronger joint impact on coil No. 2 (coil²) found in between them, in effect of which the electric current induced in coil No. 2 (coil²) is much larger. As the above description demonstrates, the phenomenon which occurs here consists in alternate increase of the generated current energy or voltage in the two coils (coil No. 1 and coil No. 2) simultaneously, which substantially enhances the alternator efficiency.

The alternator working method described above confirms the occurrence of the phenomenon of increasing the current energy or voltage in both magnetically-coupled coils No. 1 and No. 2, and by analogy in all subsequent pairs of coils No. 3 and No. 4, as well as in all subsequent coil pairs in the stator, and in other coil modules or sections, if used. It should also be emphasized that not only the current energy or voltage increase phenomenon occurs here, but also the alternator rotor is not being slowed down because the vectors of the magnetic fields of all stator coil pairs and the alternator as a whole mutually cancel out.

It has been confirmed that in a working prototype of the alternator device the volume of the electrical energy generated causes just a minimum increase of the loading to the motor which drives the alternator.

In order to enhance the effect of increasing the current energy or voltage, the alternator described in the above examples is fitted with resonance blocks which contain alternating current condensers connected as appropriate to the stator operating coil blocks so as to excite serial or parallel first-degree electrical resonance in these coils. The resonance depends on the number of windings and rotor magnets, as well as on the rotational speed of the alternator rotor. It has been confirmed that advantageous for the elements used in the alternator prototype is for the first-degree resonance to stay within the range 600 - 800 Hz. In addition, the resonance blocks and coils of the stator operating coil blocks 3 are connected, as appropriate, to the keying transistors so as to excite second- degree resonance in the coils, where it is advantageous when the frequency of the second-degree resonance is at least ten times higher than that of the first-degree resonance. The windings of the operating coils 3.4 and 3.5 (Fig. 6) in set 14 of the stator operating coils paired with appropriate coils 3.4 and 3.5 of another set 14 of the stator operating coils placed symmetrically on the opposite side of the magnetic separator 6 are alternatingly loaded during the second-degree resonance, where electrical energy is induced using the permanent magnets and the first-degree resonance. The paired windings coupled magnetically generate extra electrical energy in alternatingly non-loaded, at a specific point in time, operating coils, thus causing controlled overvoltages and increase of the current energy or voltage mutually generated in the subsequent loading cycle.

It has been confirmed that it is advantageous when the frequency of the second-degree resonance is at least ten times higher than the

frequency of the first-degree resonance.

The generator described in the above exemplary embodiments is additionally fitted with a drive unit, an electronic control module, electronic measuring module, power transforming module, energy accumulation module, and an external receiver attached to the generator, where the mechanical coupling of which, the measuring and control signal paths, and the power bus are shown as an example on Fig. 23 - Fig. 26. In one of the embodiments, the energy accumulation module is a separate element, as shown on Fig. 25 and Fig. 26, while in another embodiment the power transforming module contains an internal energy accumulation module, as illustrated on Fig. 23 and Fig. 24.

The drive unit of the generator can be powered from an external source or supplied with the electrical energy generated by the generator alternator and the energy accumulated in the energy accumulation module. If an internal source is used to feed the alternator drive, the external discs of the outermost alternator sections, when looking from the side of the external magnetic fields of the permanent magnets, which are not used by the alternator to generate electrical energy, can be used to drive the alternator rotor by way of internal drive units functioning as neodymium alternating current motors.

The energy produced by the generator can be accumulated in the internal energy accumulation module and can support the internal drive system of the alternator. The generator can function independently and feed its internal drive system entirely from the internal power supply source until the electrical energy accumulated in the internal energy accumulation module, and the electrical energy generated by the alternator is exhausted.

List of reference numbers

1. rotor disc

2. stator housing

3. stator operating coil block

3.1 coil block composed of a single coil

3.2 coil block composed of two coils

3.3 crosswise view of the arrangement of coil windings

3.4 crosswise view of the arrangement of the windings in the first

magnetically-coupled coil

3.5 crosswise view of the arrangement of the windings in the second magnetically-coupled coil,

4. magnet (permanent magnet or electromagnet),

5. ferromagnetic core disc

6. magnetic separator which separates the operating coil sets

7. external ferromagnetic core of the stator operating coil blocks

8. internal ferromagnetic core of the stator operating coil blocks

9. external ferromagnetic core of a set of the stator operating coil blocks

10. external ferromagnetic core of a set of the stator operating coil blocks

1 1. external ferromagnetic screen of the front surface of the stator

operating coil blocks

12. internal ferromagnetic screen of the front surface of the stator

operating coil blocks

13. ferromagnetic screen of the magnets

14. set of stator operating coils

15. stator disc

16. layer of magnetic separator of the magnets,

17. openings in the magnetic separator

18. openings in the ferromagnetic discs 19. layer of magnetic separator of the coils

20. housing of the internal drive unit

21. coil of the internal drive unit

22. ferromagnetic core of the internal drive system

Claims

1. A generator of electrical energy, containing an alternator having a rotor with magnets fixed thereto, and a stator with operating coils which are under the influence of the magnetic fields emitted by the rotor magnets, characterised in that the rotor is made up of at least two discs (1) coupled to the shaft, where each of the discs is fitted with magnets (4) positioned so that only identical poles of the magnets (4) are found on each side of each rotor disc (1), and where the adjacent rotor discs (1) face each other with identical poles of magnets (4), and placed in the space between the magnets (4) of the adjacent rotor discs (1) are at least two sets (14) of stator operating coils, with each of the sets (14) containing stator operating coil blocks (3) in a number equal to no more than half the number of magnets (4) on the rotor disc (1) adjacent thereto, and each stator operating coil block (3) contains at least one operating coil, where the outer and inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3) is given the shape similar to a circle section with rounded apexes, and the stator operating coil blocks (3) in a given set (14) form the stator disc (15).

2. The generator according to Claim 1 , characterised in that the length (1) of the magnets (4) on the rotor disc (1 ) is at least equal to the length (d) of the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3).

3. The generator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the magnets (4) are evenly distributed across the rotor disc (1), where the size of the free spaces between the adjacent magnets (4) corresponds with the size of the magnets (4), and the length of the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3) is approximately twice smaller than the length of the outer contour of the block.

4. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic cores (8) of the stator operating coil blocks (3), where the cores are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks (3) around their inner contour.

5. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic screens (12) of the stator operating coil blocks (3), where the screens are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks (3) on their front side along their inner contour and where the front side of the blocks is the first element to which the magnets (4) arranged on the rotor disc (1) come close in the circular motion of the disc (1).

6. The generator according to Claim 5, characterised in that the

ferromagnetic screens (12) of the stator operating coil blocks (3), which are arranged around these blocks (3) on their front side along their inner contour, are insulated from the blocks (3) and the ferromagnetic cores (8) arranged around the blocks (3) along their inner contour with a layer of magnetic separator (19).

7. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the stator operating coil blocks (3) in a specified set (14) contact each other with their front surfaces.

8. The generator according to Claim 7, characterised in that fixed to stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic cores (9) arranged around sets (14) of stator operating coil blocks (3) along their outer contour.

9. The generator according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic cores (10) arranged around sets (14) of the stator operating coil blocks (3) around their inner contour.

10. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic cores (7) of the stator operating coil blocks (3) arranged around the stator operating coil blocks (3) along their outer contour.

1 1. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 6 or to Claim 10, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) are ferromagnetic screens ( 1 1) of the stator operating coil blocks (3), which are arranged around the stator operating coil blocks (3) on their front side along their outer contour, where the front side of the blocks is the first element to which the magnets (4) arranged on the rotor disc (1) come close in the circular motion of the said disc (1).

12. The generator according to Claim 1 1, characterised in that the ferromagnetic screens (1 1) of the stator operating coil blocks (3) which are arranged around the blocks (3) on their front side along their outer contour, are insulated from the blocks (3) and ferromagnetic cores (7) arranged around the blocks (3) along their outer contour with a layer of magnetic separator (19).

13. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 12, characterised in that fixed to the rotor disc (1 ) are ferromagnetic screens (13) of the magnets (4) arranged around the magnets (4) on their front sides, where the magnet front side is the first to come close to the stator operating coil block (3) in the circular motion of the rotor disc (1).

14. The generator according to Claim 13, characterised in that the ferromagnetic screens (13) of magnets (4), arranged around the magnets

(4) on their front sides are insulated from the magnets (4) with a layer of magnetic separator (16).

15. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the stator operating coil block (3) is made up of a pair of coils (3.4 and 3.5) magnetically coupled to each other, their winding made of two winding wires so that the first and all subsequent layers of the winding are wound simultaneously, where each subsequent layer of the winding is made of two winding wires wound interchangeably so that the cross section of the final windings forms the chessboard pattern.

16. The generator according to to each of Claims 1 to 15, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) between adjacent sets (14) of the stator operating coils placed closest to the central point of the distance between the rotor discs (1) is a magnetic separator (6) featuring openings (17) the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3), the openings' position matching the position of the stator operating coil blocks (3).

17. The generator according to Claim 16, characterised in that the magnetic separator (6) takes the form of a disc, the outer and inner contours of which correspond, respectively, to the outer and inner contours of the set (14) of the stator operating coil blocks (3).

18. The generator according to Claim 16 or 17, characterised in that the magnetic separator (6) is placed in the central point of the distance between the adjacent rotor discs (1).

19. The generator according to each of Claims 16 to 18, characterised in that fixed to the stator housing (2) on both sides of the magnetic separator (6) are ferromagnetic discs (5) featuring openings (18) the shape of which corresponds to the inner contour of the stator operating coil blocks (3), where the openings' position matches the position of the stator operating coil blocks (3).

20. The generator according to Claim 19, characterised in that the outer and inner contours of the ferromagnetic disc (5) correspond, respectively, to the outer and inner contours of the set (14) of the stator operating coil blocks (3).

21. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the number of windings in the stator operating coils placed between one of the rotor discs (1) and the first half of the distance to the adjacent rotor disc (1) is the same as the number of windings in the stator operating coils placed between the second rotor disc (1) and the second half of the said distance.

22. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 21 , characterised in that the alternator is fitted with resonance blocks which contain

alternating current condensers connected as appropriate to the coils in the stator operating coil blocks (3) so as to excite serial or parallel electrical resonance of the first degree, preferably of the same frequency.

23. The generator according to Claim 22, characterised in that resonance blocks and the stator operating coil blocks (3) in a specific stator operating coil set (14) are connected to analogous resonance blocks and stator operating coil blocks (3) of another set (14) of stator operating coils and to power keying transistors, electronic control elements, and power transforming modules so that excited in those operating coils is electrical resonance of the second degree.

24. The generator according to Claim 23, characterised in that the excited second-degree frequencies are equal to one another and at least ten times higher than the excited first-degree resonance frequencies.

25. The generator according to each of Claims 1 to 24, characterised in that it is fitted with an external or internal drive unit, electronic control module, electronic measuring module, and power transforming module containing an internal or external energy accumulation module, and with a receiver connected to the generator.

26. The generator according to Claim 25, characterised in that the drive unit is supplied with energy from an external source, or supported from an internal source.

27. The generator according to Claim 25, characterised in that the drive unit is supplied with the electrical energy generated in the alternator and the electrical energy accumulated in the internal energy accumulation module.

28. A method of generating alternating current electrical energy based on generating rotational electromotive force, characterised in that the rotational electromotive force is generated in fluctuating stream of magnetic fields which repel one another, in which all immobile coils where electric current is induced work synchronically in a single phase, and where the electric current induced in adjacent coils generates mutually opposite magnetic fields.

29. The method according to Claim 28, characterised in that distorted asymmetrically and reduced is the interaction between the approaching one another and mutually opposite magnetic fields of the rotor magnets which induce electrical current in the stator operating coils and the magnetic fields in the stator operating coils, and the interaction between the stator operating coils, where the magnetic fields are generated by the electrical current induced therein.

30. The method according to Claims 28 or 29, characterised in that the stream of mutually repelling magnetic fields is separated, where the stream mutually induces electric current in the coils, and at the same time the fields are attracted so that they permeate evenly all coils in which electric current is induced, thus also causing mutual cancellation of opposite vectors of these magnetic fields which permeate one another.

31. The method according to each of Claims 28 to 30, characterised in that excited in the coils where electrical current is induced is electrical resonance of the first degree, serial or parallel, preferably of the same value in all first-degree resonance systems.

32. The method according to Claim 31, characterised in that the appropriately coupled coils in which electric current is induced are loaded interchangeably using the electrical energy induced in those coils and the active first-degree electrical resonance as the source of power supply for the second-degree resonance excited in those coils, the frequency of which is preferably at least ten times higher than the first-degree resonance frequency.