WO2018135638A1 - 表示体 - Google Patents
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- WO2018135638A1 WO2018135638A1 PCT/JP2018/001638 JP2018001638W WO2018135638A1 WO 2018135638 A1 WO2018135638 A1 WO 2018135638A1 JP 2018001638 W JP2018001638 W JP 2018001638W WO 2018135638 A1 WO2018135638 A1 WO 2018135638A1
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- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/455—Associating two or more layers using heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/46—Associating two or more layers using pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
- B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/02—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces
- G02B3/08—Simple or compound lenses with non-spherical faces with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/04—Prisms
- G02B5/045—Prism arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/0005—Adaptation of holography to specific applications
- G03H1/0011—Adaptation of holography to specific applications for security or authentication
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F19/00—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for
- G09F19/12—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects
- G09F19/14—Advertising or display means not otherwise provided for using special optical effects displaying different signs depending upon the view-point of the observer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/18—Prism
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2223/00—Optical components
- G03H2223/23—Diffractive element
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a display body.
- Authenticated documents, securities, and various items such as banknotes are required to be difficult to forge.
- a technique for making forgery of such an article difficult a technique for imparting to the article an element that is difficult to forge and that can display a predetermined image is used (for example, see Patent Document 1). ).
- the technique for analyzing the display body described above has been developed to develop a configuration that is difficult to forge.
- the technology for manufacturing the display body is also diversifying in order to realize a configuration that is difficult to counterfeit.
- the improvement of the technology for analyzing the display body facilitates the analysis of the display body for the purpose of counterfeiting the display body, and the diversification of the technology for manufacturing the display body also facilitates the manufacture of counterfeit products. Therefore, a new structure is strongly desired for each element constituting the display body, as compared with the conventional elements, and in particular, a technique for improving the designability of the display body is required.
- An object of this indication is to provide the display body which made it possible to improve the designability which a display body has.
- a display for solving the above-described problem is an optical interference layer in which incident light having a predetermined wavelength range enters at an incident angle and emits reflected light having a predetermined wavelength that is a part of the predetermined wavelength range.
- the predetermined wavelength is an optical interference layer according to the incident angle, and a prism layer having optical transparency and transmitting the incident light to the optical interference layer, wherein at least one display region is provided.
- the display area is a plurality of tilt elements inclined at a predetermined tilt angle with respect to a plane in which the prism layer extends, and the plurality of tilt elements are arranged in an array direction along an array axis in the plane, and A plurality of inclined elements that extend in an extending direction along an extending axis perpendicular to the arrangement axis in a plane, and in contact with the inclined elements adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction in a plan view facing the plane;
- the tilt element includes a first plurality of tilt elements in which the tilt angle is increased by a certain angle along the arrangement direction.
- a display for solving the above-described problem is an optical interference layer in which incident light having a predetermined wavelength range enters at an incident angle and emits reflected light having a predetermined wavelength that is a part of the predetermined wavelength range.
- the predetermined wavelength corresponds to the incident angle, a light interference layer, and a prism layer having light transmittance and transmitting the incident light to the light interference layer, wherein the light is transmitted in the prism layer.
- Either the opposing surface that is the surface facing the interference layer or the opposite surface that is the surface opposite to the opposing surface is an uneven surface including at least one display region, and the uneven surface
- the prism layer configured such that the refractive index on the incident light incident side is higher than the refractive index on the side where the optical interference layer is located with respect to the concave and convex surface, and the display region includes Triangular wave shape with triangles running in the direction of travel A cross section having a continuous shape in one direction, the inclination of each waveform is increased by a predetermined angle along the direction of travel.
- a critical angle that is an incident angle at which the incident light is refracted along the interface can be generated.
- the angle between the plane in which the display body spreads and the plane including the observer's line-of-sight direction changes, so that the incident light of the tilt elements is changed.
- the boundary between the tilt element whose incident angle is larger than the critical angle and the tilt element whose incident angle of incident light is smaller than the critical angle changes continuously in the arrangement direction.
- the designability of the display body can be enhanced.
- the top view which shows the structure of the display body in one Embodiment which actualized the display body.
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure which follows the II line
- Sectional drawing which shows the structure which follows the II-II line
- the partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows the 1st display area and surrounding structure in one Embodiment.
- the partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows the 3rd display area
- the partial expanded sectional view which expands and shows the 2nd display area
- the expanded sectional view which expands and shows the structure of the prism layer in one embodiment, printing, and a light interference layer.
- FIGS. 1 to 14 an embodiment in which a display body is embodied will be described.
- the configuration of the display body, the shape of the prism layer, the angle of the inclined element in the prism layer, the operation of the display body, the method for manufacturing the display body, and the examples will be described in order.
- the display body 10 has a rectangular plate shape, and the display body 10 is an ID card for authenticating an individual who owns the display body 10, for example.
- the display body 10 can display the first image 11, the second image 12, and the third image 13 that are arranged at intervals along one direction in a plan view facing the surface 10 a of the display body 10. It is configured to be possible.
- the first image 11, the second image 12, and the third image 13 only have to have a predetermined shape.
- the first image 11 and the third image 13 have a star shape, and the second image 12 has a shape expressing an eighth note.
- the display body 10 has a strip shape extending along the direction in which the first image 11, the second image 12, and the third image 13 are arranged, and the first image 11, the second image 12, and the first image
- the fourth image 14 surrounding the three images 13 can be displayed.
- the display body 10 includes first information 21 and second information 22.
- the 1st information 21 and the 2nd information 22 should just be comprised from a character, a number, etc., for example, and the 1st information 21 and the 2nd information 22 are each constituted from a plurality of alphabets.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional structure of the display body 10 along the line II in FIG. 1
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional structure of the display body 10 along the line II-II in FIG.
- the display body 10 includes a base material 31, a print 32, an adhesive layer 33, and a prism layer 34 in a cross section taken along line II.
- the print 32 is located on a part of the first base material surface 31 a facing the prism layer 34 in the base material 31.
- the print 32 includes the second information 22 described above.
- the print 32 is represented by one layer for the convenience of illustration.
- the prism layer 34 includes a first prism surface 34a that is the surface 10a of the display body 10 and a second prism surface 34b that is the surface opposite to the first prism surface 34a.
- the entire first prism surface 34a is a substantially flat surface
- the portion of the second prism surface 34b included in the cross section along the line II is a substantially flat surface.
- the adhesive layer 33 bonds the base material 31 and the prism layer 34 by filling the space between the first base material surface 31 a of the base material 31 and the second prism surface 34 b of the prism layer 34.
- the display body 10 has a shape extending along one plane, and the prism layer 34 included in the display body 10 also has a shape extending along the same plane as the plane on which the display body 10 extends.
- the plane on which the prism layer 34 extends can be considered to be substantially parallel to the first prism surface 34a of the prism layer 34, that is, the surface 10a of the display body 10.
- the cross-sectional structure along the thickness direction of the display body 10 in the portion including the first information 21 has the same layer structure as the cross-sectional structure along the II line.
- the display body 10 includes a base material 31, a light interference layer 35, a print 36, and a prism layer 34 in a cross section taken along the line II-II.
- the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34 is an example of an uneven surface
- the second prism surface 34b includes a first display region 34b1, a second display region 34b2, and a third display region 34b3.
- the second prism surface 34 b is an example of an opposing surface that faces the optical interference layer 35
- the first prism surface 34 a is an example of an opposite surface that is a surface opposite to the opposing surface.
- one of the facing surface and the opposite surface is the uneven surface described above.
- each display region has a sawtooth shape.
- each display area is indicated by a dot for convenience of illustration.
- the first display area 34b1 is located at a part where the first image 11 is displayed, and the second display area 34b2 is located at a part where the second image 12 is displayed,
- the third display area 34b3 is located at a site where the third image 13 is displayed. That is, the first display area 34 b 1 is an area for displaying the first image 11, the second display area 34 b 2 is an area for displaying the second image 12, and the third display area 34 b 3 is the third image 13. Is an area for displaying.
- the optical interference layer 35 is located on the entire first base material surface 31a of the base material 31 in the cross section taken along the line II-II. Note that the optical interference layer 35 only needs to be positioned at least at a position overlapping each of the first display area 34b1 and the third display area 34b3 in a plan view facing the first prism surface 34a.
- the light interference layer 35 reflects reflected light having a predetermined wavelength that is a part of the incident light (that is, a part of the predetermined wavelength range) due to the light interference according to the incident angle of the incident light. To do. In other words, the light interference layer 35 has a predetermined wavelength by causing the light interference layer 35 to interfere and reflect light incident at an incident angle from the side where the prism layer 34 is located with respect to the light interference layer 35. Light is emitted as reflected light.
- the optical interference layer 35 may be any one of a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and a multilayer interference structure.
- the print 36 is located in a portion of the first light interference surface 35a facing the prism layer 34 in the light interference layer 35 and overlapping the second display region 34b2 in the second prism surface 34b.
- the print 36 is represented by one layer for convenience of illustration.
- the adhesive layer between the first light interference surface 35a of the light interference layer 35 and the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34 is different from the cross section taken along the line II. 33 is not located. Therefore, the air layer 37 is located between the first light interference surface 35 a of the light interference layer 35 and the second prism surface 34 b of the prism layer 34.
- the air layer 37 is an example of an interface layer having an interface with the second prism surface 34 b of the prism layer 34.
- the adhesive layer 33 is located in a portion between the first light interference surface 35a and the second prism surface 34b except for the first display region 34b1, the second display region 34b2, and the third display region 34b3. May be.
- the side opposite to the light interference layer 35 with respect to the prism layer 34 is a side on which light is incident and a side on which an observer observes.
- FIG. 4 shows only a portion of the optical interference layer 35 and the air layer 37 that overlaps the first display region 34b1 when viewed from the thickness direction of the display body 10.
- FIG. 5 shows only the region of the optical interference layer 35 and the air layer 37 that overlaps with the third display region 34 b 3 when viewed from the thickness direction of the display body 10.
- FIG. 6 shows only a portion of the light interference layer 35, the print 36, and the air layer 37 that overlaps the second display region 34b2 when viewed from the thickness direction of the display body 10.
- hatching in the prism layer 34 is omitted for easy recognition of the shape of the prism layer 34.
- the first display region 34b1 is an uneven surface including a plurality of first inclined elements b1t inclined at a predetermined inclination angle ⁇ with respect to the plane on which the prism layer 34 spreads.
- the plurality of first inclined elements b1t are arranged in the arrangement direction DA along the arrangement axis in the plane, and extend in the extension direction DE along the extension axis perpendicular to the arrangement axis in the plane.
- the first inclined elements b1t that are adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction DA are in contact with each other in a plan view that faces the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads.
- the tilt angle ⁇ of each first tilt element b1t increases by a certain angle along the arrangement direction DA.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of each first inclination element b1t increases along the arrangement direction DA and along the direction from the right to the left of the drawing.
- the difference in the inclination angle ⁇ between the first inclination elements b1t adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction DA is preferably 2 ° or less.
- the first display region 34 b 1 has a shape in which a cross section having a triangular wave shape in which a triangular shape continues in the traveling direction has a continuous shape in one direction, The inclination increases by a certain angle along the traveling direction.
- the plane that is orthogonal to the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads and is parallel to the extending direction DE is the reference plane RP.
- the first display area 34b1 in the cross section orthogonal to the prism layer 34 and parallel to the arrangement direction DA, in other words, in the cross section along the line II-II, all the first inclined elements b1t belonging to the first display area 34b1 are present. Inclined in the first arrangement direction DA1 along the arrangement axis with respect to the reference plane RP. Specifically, all the first tilt elements b1t are tilted in the direction from the right to the left of the page.
- each first inclined element b1t having the smaller distance from the first prism surface 34a is the base end portion b1t1, and the end having the larger distance from the first prism surface 34a.
- the end is the tip b1t2.
- the positions of the base ends b1t1 in the thickness direction of the prism layer 34 are equal to each other, and the positions of the tip ends b1t2 are equal to each other.
- the prism layer 34 has a plurality of convex portions 34c each including a different first inclined element b1t, and the heights of the convex portions 34c are equal to each other in the thickness direction of the prism layer 34. Therefore, the width of the first inclined element b1t along the arrangement direction DA in a plan view facing the first prism surface 34a, in other words, the width along the arrangement direction DA of each projection 34c is the inclination angle of the first inclination element b1t. The smaller ⁇ becomes, the smaller it becomes.
- the third display area 34b3 is an uneven surface including a third tilt element b3t tilted at a predetermined tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the plane on which the prism layer 34 spreads, like the first display area 34b1.
- the plurality of third inclined elements b3t are arranged in the arrangement direction DA and extend along the extending direction DE.
- the third inclined elements b3t that are adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction DA are in contact with each other in a plan view facing the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads.
- the tilt angle ⁇ of each third tilt element b3t increases by a certain angle along the arrangement direction DA.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of each third inclination element b3t increases along the arrangement direction DA and along the direction from the left to the right of the drawing.
- the difference in inclination angle ⁇ between the third inclination elements b3t is preferably 2 ° or less, and is the same size as the difference in inclination angle ⁇ between the first inclination elements b1t in the first display area 34b1. Is preferred.
- the third display region 34 b 3 has a shape in which a cross section having a triangular wave shape in which a triangular shape continues in the traveling direction has a shape continuous in one direction, The inclination increases by a certain angle along the traveling direction.
- all the third inclined elements b3t belonging to the third display region 34b3 are in the second array opposite to the first array direction DA1 with respect to the reference plane RP in the cross section taken along the line II-II. Inclined in direction DA2.
- the arrangement direction DA described above is composed of a first arrangement direction DA1 and a second arrangement direction DA2.
- all the third inclined elements b3t are inclined in the direction from the left to the right of the page.
- the third display area 34b3 has a plane-symmetric relationship with the first display area 34b1 when the reference plane RP is a symmetric plane. That is, the shape obtained by inverting the left and right sides of the third display region 34b3 is the same shape as the shape of the first display region 34b1, in other words, the same shape as the shape of the first display region 34b1.
- the positions of the base end portions b3t1 in the thickness direction of the prism layer 34 are equal to each other, and the distal end portion b3t2 Are preferably equal to each other.
- the heights of the convex portions 34c are preferably equal to each other. Therefore, in a plan view facing the first prism surface 34a, the width of the third inclined element b3t along the arrangement direction DA, in other words, the width along the arrangement direction DA of each projection 34c is the inclination of the third inclined element b3t.
- the angle ⁇ decreases as the angle ⁇ increases.
- the second display area 34b2 is an uneven surface including a second tilt element b2t that is tilted at a predetermined tilt angle ⁇ with respect to the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads, like the first display area 34b1.
- the plurality of second inclined elements b2t are arranged in the arrangement direction DA and extend along the extending direction DE.
- the second inclined elements b2t that are adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction DA are in contact with each other in a plan view that faces the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads.
- the second display area 34b2 is composed of a first part b21 and a second part b22 arranged in the arrangement direction DA.
- Each of the first portion b21 and the second portion b22 includes a plurality of second inclined elements b2t.
- all the second inclined elements b2t belonging to the first part b21 are inclined in the first arrangement direction DA1 with respect to the reference plane RP and belong to the second part b22. All the second inclined elements b2t are inclined with respect to the reference plane RP in the second arrangement direction DA2 opposite to the first arrangement direction DA1.
- each of the first portion b ⁇ b> 21 and the second portion b ⁇ b> 22 has a shape in which a cross section having a triangular wave shape in which a triangular shape continues in the traveling direction is continuous in one direction. And the slope of each waveform increases by a certain angle along the traveling direction.
- the first part b21 has a plane-symmetrical relationship with the second part b22 when the reference plane RP is a symmetric plane. That is, the shape obtained by inverting the left and right of the first portion b21 is a shape that overlaps the shape of the second portion b22, in other words, the same shape as the shape of the second portion b22.
- the positions of the base end parts b2t1 in the thickness direction of the prism layer 34 are equal to each other in the plurality of second inclined elements b2t, and the front end parts b2t2 Are preferably equal to each other.
- the heights of the convex portions 34c are preferably equal to each other. Therefore, in a plan view facing the first prism surface 34a, the width of the second inclined element b2t along the arrangement direction DA, in other words, the width along the arrangement direction DA of each projection 34c is the inclination of the second inclined element b2t.
- the angle ⁇ decreases as the angle ⁇ increases.
- a second display region 34b2 when the plane including the line-of-sight direction intersects at a non-perpendicular angle with respect to the plane in which the display body 10 spreads, compared to the configuration in which the direction in which the second tilt element is tilted is the same.
- the prism layer 34 is located on the incident side of the incident light IL with respect to the light interference layer 35. That is, the incident light IL passes through the prism layer 34 and then enters the light interference layer 35. As described above, the prism layer 34 has the second prism surface 34b including three display areas. The prism layer 34 has optical transparency and transmits incident light IL to the optical interference layer 35. Various resins can be used as a material for forming the prism layer 34.
- the air layer 37 is adjacent to the second prism surface 34b and forms an interface between the air layer 37 and the second prism surface 34b, and the refractive index of the first side on which incident light is incident on the interface is A refractive index difference is formed with respect to the prism layer 34 so as to be higher than the refractive index on the second side where the optical interference layer 35 is located with respect to the interface.
- the refractive index of the air layer 37 is about 1.
- the prism layer 34 is a layer formed of various resins as described above, the refractive index of the prism layer 34 is included in the range of 1.3 to 1.8, for example. Therefore, according to the air layer 37, the refractive index of the first side, in other words, the prism layer 34, is higher than the refractive index of the second side, in other words, the air layer 37. That is, the prism layer 34 is configured such that the refractive index on the first side is higher than the refractive index on the second side.
- the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34 includes a plurality of display areas arranged at intervals in the arrangement direction DA. As described above, the second prism surface 34b includes the first display area 34b1, the second display area 34b2, and the third display area 34b3 arranged at intervals in the arrangement direction DA. In these three display areas, each display area includes a portion where the inclination angle ⁇ of the inclination element increases by a certain angle along the arrangement direction DA between adjacent display areas.
- each inclination element is between the plurality of second inclination elements b2t belonging to the first portion b21 of the second display area 34b2 and between the plurality of first inclination elements b1t belonging to the first display area 34b1.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of each of these changes by a certain angle.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the inclination element changes by a constant angle.
- the difference between the inclination angle ⁇ at the second inclination element b2t closest to the third display area 34b3 and the inclination angle ⁇ at the third inclination element b3t closest to the second display area 34b2 In the region, it is equal to the difference of the inclination angle ⁇ between the adjacent inclination elements.
- the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34 may include a plurality of portions having a function of condensing light incident on the second prism surface 34b.
- the prism layer 34 includes the prism layer 34 described above as a first layer, and a second layer having a shape along the second prism surface 34 b of the first layer at the interface with the air layer 37. You may have.
- the difference between the refractive index of the second layer, the refractive index of the first layer, and the refractive index of the air layer 37 is preferably within ⁇ 0.2, and ⁇ 0.1 Is more preferable.
- Such a second layer preferably has a function of increasing the resistance of the first layer and a function of correcting the uneven shape in the first layer.
- the second layer may be formed on the first layer by using a dry coating method, a wet coating method, or the like.
- the first medium i and the second medium t have a horizontal interface IF
- the refractive index of the first medium i is the first refractive index ni
- the refractive index of the second medium t is ,
- the second refractive index nt is obtained from Equation 1 shown below from Snell's law and the definition of the refractive index.
- the refraction angle ⁇ t at the interface IF is 90 °.
- the first incident light IL1 is emitted as refracted light RL1 refracted along the interface IF between the first medium i and the second medium t.
- the second incident light IL2 incident on the interface IF at an angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c is totally reflected at the interface IF and emitted as reflected light RL2.
- Incident light incident on the interface IF at an angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c is refracted at the refraction angle according to Snell's law at the interface IF and is transmitted through the interface IF.
- the intensity of the reflected light at the interface IF varies depending on the incident angle of the incident light.
- the path of the refracted light transmitted through the second medium t approaches the direction along the interface IF as the incident angle of the incident light increases toward the critical angle ⁇ c.
- the intensity of the refracted light is lowered.
- the intensity of the reflected light increases as the incident angle of the incident light increases toward the critical angle ⁇ c, and the incident angle becomes less than the critical angle ⁇ c. If exceeded, all of the incident light is reflected at the interface IF.
- the total reflection described above may mean only total reflection at the interface between the prism layer 34 and the air layer 37, and the intensity of light is low due to reflection, transmission, refraction, and scattering after total reflection. May also include.
- the shape of the prism layer 34 is set for such scattering. You may design.
- the critical angle ⁇ c In order to cause total reflection at an incident angle exceeding the critical angle ⁇ c, it is a necessary condition that the first refractive index ni is larger than the second refractive index nt (ni> nt). That is, at the interface IF between the first medium i and the second medium t having different refractive indexes, the light incident on the second medium t from the first medium i is totally reflected at an incident angle exceeding the critical angle ⁇ c. On the other hand, the critical angle ⁇ c does not exist in the incident angle of light incident on the first medium i from the second medium t.
- incident light is incident on all the first tilt elements b1t and all the third tilt elements b3t at an incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c. Therefore, the light that has entered the first tilt element b1t and the third tilt element b3t is totally reflected by each tilt element, and is also multiple-reflected inside the prism layer 34, and is directed from the prism layer 34 toward the observer OB. And injected. Therefore, the observer OB cannot visually recognize the light that has been emitted from the optical interference layer 35 and has passed through the first display area 34b1 or the third display area 34b3.
- the display body 10 is configured such that the inclination angle of each inclination element continuously changes along the arrangement direction DA in a range in which light is incident at a larger angle.
- incident light is incident at an incident angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c with respect to all the second inclined elements b2t belonging to the first part b21 among all the first inclined elements b1t and the second inclined elements b2t. Incident. Therefore, at least a part of the incident light incident on each inclined element passes through the air layer 37 and reaches the optical interference layer 35. Therefore, the observer OB is the reflected light emitted from the optical interference layer 35 and transmitted through the first display area 34b1 or transmitted through the first portion b21 of the second display area 34b2. Can be visually recognized.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the first inclination element b1t is light having a part of the wavelengths included in the reflected light when reflected by the light interference layer 35 and has a predetermined interference color. The light thus emitted is emitted from the prism layer 34.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the second inclination element b2t belonging to the first portion b21 is light having a part of the wavelengths included in the reflected light when reflected by the optical interference layer 35.
- the light having an interference color different from the light transmitted through the first display region 34b1 is emitted from the prism layer 34. Therefore, of the light emitted from the prism layer 34, the light transmitted through the first display region 34b1 has a different color from the light transmitted through the first portion b21 of the second display region 34b2.
- all the second inclined elements b2t belonging to the second part b22 and all the third inclined elements b3t are incident at an incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c.
- the first tilt element b1t and the second tilt element b2t belonging to the first portion b21 are at an angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c.
- the tilt angle of each tilt element is configured to continuously change along the arrangement direction DA.
- the tilt angle of each tilt element is configured to continuously change along the arrangement direction DA.
- incident light is incident at an incident angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c with respect to all the second inclined elements b2t belonging to the second portion b22 among all the third inclined elements b3t and the second inclined elements b2t. Incident. Therefore, at least a part of the incident light incident on each inclined element passes through the air layer 37 and reaches the optical interference layer 35. Therefore, the observer OB is the reflected light emitted from the optical interference layer 35 and transmitted through the third display region 34b3 or transmitted through the second portion b22 of the second display region 34b2. Can be visually recognized.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the third inclination element b3t is light having a part of the wavelengths included in the reflected light when reflected by the light interference layer 35 and has a predetermined interference color. The light thus emitted is emitted from the prism layer 34.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the second inclination element b2t belonging to the second portion b22 is light having a part of the wavelengths included in the reflected light when reflected by the optical interference layer 35. In this configuration, light having an interference color different from the light transmitted through the third display region 34b3 is emitted from the prism layer 34. Therefore, of the light emitted from the prism layer 34, the light transmitted through the third display region 34b3 has a different color from the light transmitted through the second portion b22 of the second display region 34b2.
- all the second inclined elements b2t belonging to the first part b21 and all the first inclined elements b1t are incident at an incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c.
- the third tilt element b3t and the second tilt element b2t belonging to the second portion b22 are at an angle smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c.
- the tilt angle of each tilt element is configured to continuously change along the arrangement direction DA.
- the tilt angle of each tilt element is configured to continuously change along the arrangement direction DA.
- the image formed by the light transmitted through the tilt element is also an image formed by the light reflected by the light interference layer 35, and the incident angle of the light with respect to the light interference layer 35 is the tilt angle between the tilt elements.
- the slope element through which light is transmitted differs. Therefore, as the angle formed by the surface 10a of the display 10 and the plane including the line-of-sight direction EL changes, the color of the image displayed in each display area can be changed continuously along the arrangement direction DA.
- the critical angle ⁇ c can be used to represent the necessary conditions for each display area. That is, the tilt angle in the display area where the incident light incident on the tilt element is totally reflected is the tilt angle ⁇ 1, the incident angle of light with respect to the tilt element in the display area is the incident angle ⁇ f1, and the light incident on the tilt element is refracted.
- the inclination angle in the transmitting display area is defined as an inclination angle ⁇ 2
- the incident angle of light incident on the display area is defined as an incident angle ⁇ f2.
- the refractive index of the prism layer 34 is a refractive index N1
- the refractive index of the air layer 37 is a refractive index N2
- the necessary condition in each display region can be expressed by the following equation 2. ⁇ f1 ⁇ arcsin (N2 / N1)> ⁇ f2 (Expression 2)
- the refractive index of the prism layer 34 in the display area where the incident light is totally reflected is the refractive index N1
- the refractive index of the air layer 37 is the refractive index N2
- the prism layer in the display area where the incident light is transmitted is a refractive index N3
- a refractive index of the air layer 37 in a display region through which incident light is transmitted is a refractive index N4.
- the incident light incident on each display region is displayed by the three parameters belonging to the display body 10, that is, the inclination angle of each inclination element, the refractive index of the prism layer 34, and the refractive index of the air layer 37. It is possible to decide whether to totally reflect or transmit in the region.
- the first display area 34b1 and the second display area are areas where the light interference layer 35 is located and viewed from the thickness direction of the display body 10.
- the fourth image 14 having a color derived from the light emitted from the light interference layer 35 is formed.
- the observer OB observes the display body 10 from the second observation point
- the light incident on the first display area 34b1 and the first portion b21 of the second display area 34b2 is displayed on each display. It passes through the gradient elements belonging to the region.
- the light incident on the second portion b22 of the second display area 34b2 and the third display area 34b3 is totally reflected by the tilt elements belonging to the respective display areas.
- the first image 11 having a color different from that of the fourth image 14 displayed by the light interference layer 35 is displayed, and the third image 13 having white is displayed.
- transmitted the 1st part b21 among the 2nd images 12 is displayed as an image with the color according to the printing 36.
- the observer OB observes the display body 10 from the third observation point
- the light incident on the third display area 34b3 and the second portion b22 of the second display area 34b2 is displayed on each display. It passes through the gradient elements belonging to the region.
- the light incident on the first portion b21 of the second display area 34b2 and the first display area 34b1 is totally reflected by the inclined elements belonging to each display area.
- the third image 13 having a color different from the fourth image 14 displayed by the light interference layer 35 is displayed, and the first image 11 having white is displayed.
- the portion of the second image 12 that is displayed through the light transmitted through the second portion b22 is displayed as an image having a color corresponding to the print 36.
- the part displayed through the light totally reflected by the first part b ⁇ b> 21 in the second image 12 is displayed as an image having white instead of the color corresponding to the print 36.
- each layer which comprises the display body 10 is demonstrated.
- a heat embossing method, a casting method, a photopolymer method, or the like can be used.
- the photopolymer method is also called a 2P method or a photosensitive resin method.
- radiation curing is performed by irradiating the radiation curable resin with radiation in a state where the radiation curable resin is positioned between the replication mold for replicating the prism layer 34 and the flat substrate.
- the adhesive resin is cured.
- the prism layer which has an uneven surface can be obtained by peeling the hardened
- the prism layer 34 having high accuracy in the shape of the uneven surface, high heat resistance and chemical resistance, compared to the method using a thermoplastic resin such as a press method or a cast method. Obtainable.
- a method for forming the prism layer 34 a method using a radiation curable resin having a solid or high viscosity liquid at room temperature may be used.
- the prism layer 34 is You may add a mold release agent to resin for forming.
- the radiation curable resin and the thermoplastic resin described above can both be used as the material for forming the prism layer 34.
- thermoplastic resin examples include acrylic resins, epoxy resins, cellulose resins, vinyl resins, and polycarbonate resins.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include a melamine resin, an epoxy resin, and a phenol resin.
- the urethane resin is a urethane resin obtained by adding or crosslinking a polyisocyanate as a crosslinking agent to an acrylic polyol or polyester polyol having a reactive hydroxyl group.
- any one of the above-described resins may be used, or two or more may be used. In addition to the above-described resins, if the prism layer 34 having an uneven surface can be formed, it can be used as a material for forming the prism layer 34.
- monomers, oligomers, polymers, and the like having ethylenically unsaturated bonds or ethylenically unsaturated groups can be used as the material for forming the prism layer 34.
- monomers include 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate. Can be mentioned.
- oligomer examples include epoxy acrylate, urethane acrylate, and polyester acrylate.
- polymer examples include urethane-modified acrylic resin and epoxy-modified acrylic resin. Any one of these may be used as the material for forming the prism layer 34, or two or more of them may be used.
- an isocyanate compound a silane coupling agent, an organic titanate cross-linking agent, an organic zirconium cross-linking agent, and an organic aluminate
- a monomer, an oligomer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond or an ethylenically unsaturated group And it is possible to cross-link polymers with each other or with other resin skeletons.
- it is a polymer having an ethylenically unsaturated bond or an ethylenically unsaturated group, exists in a solid state at room temperature, and has low tack, so that it has good moldability and is difficult to stain the original plate. It is also possible to obtain a polymer.
- the oxetane skeleton-containing compound, vinyl ethers, and an epoxy group-containing monomer, oligomer, polymer, or the like may be used as the material for forming the prism layer 34. it can.
- a photopolymerization initiator can be added to the radiation curable resin.
- the photopolymerization initiator includes a radical photopolymerization initiator, a cationic photopolymerization initiator, and a combined type of a radical photopolymerization initiator and a cationic photopolymerization initiator, so-called hybrid type. You can choose either.
- Examples of the photo radical polymerization initiator include benzoin compounds, anthraquinone compounds, phenyl ketone compounds, benzyl dimethyl ketal, thioxanthone, acyl phosphine oxide, and Michler's ketone.
- Examples of the benzoin compound include benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, and benzoin ethyl ether.
- Examples of the anthraquinone compound include anthraquinone and methylanthraquinone.
- the phenyl ketone compounds include acetophenone, diethoxyacetophenone, benzophenone, hydroxyacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, ⁇ -aminoacetophenone, and 2-methyl-1- (4-methylthiophenyl) -2-morpholinopropane- 1-one and the like can be mentioned.
- Examples of the photocationic polymerization initiator include aromatic diazonium salts, aromatic iodonium salts, aromatic sulfonium salts, and mixed ligand metal salts.
- an initiator in which each polymerization initiator is mixed can be used.
- One initiator having a function of initiating photo radical polymerization and photo cation polymerization may be used, and examples of such an initiator include aromatic iodonium salts and aromatic sulfonium salts.
- composition of the radiation curable resin and the photopolymerization initiator may be appropriately formulated depending on each radiation curable resin and each photopolymerization initiator.
- the photopolymerization initiator is added to the mass of the radiation curable resin. It is preferable to add in the range of 0.15 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less.
- a sensitizing dye may be added to the forming material of the prism layer 34 in addition to the photopolymerization initiator.
- the forming material of the prism layer 34 may include a dye, a pigment, various additives, a crosslinking agent, and the like.
- Additives include polymerization inhibitors, leveling agents, antifoaming agents, anti-sagging agents, adhesion improvers, coating surface modifiers, plasticizers, and nitrogen-containing compounds.
- An epoxy resin etc. are mentioned.
- a thermoplastic resin or a thermosetting resin that is a non-reactive resin for the photopolymerization reaction may be added to the material for forming the prism layer 34, thereby improving the moldability of the prism layer 34. Can do.
- an inorganic material an organic material, organic-inorganic composite fine particles, hollow particles, and the like may be added to the material for forming the prism layer 34.
- the dispersibility of the particles and the film strength can be increased by forming functional groups on the surface of the particles.
- a dispersing agent or a surfactant for enhancing the dispersibility of particles may be added to the material for forming the prism layer 34, or a crosslinking agent for enhancing the film strength may be added.
- optical interference layer 35 For the optical interference layer 35, either a cholesteric liquid crystal layer or a multilayer interference structure can be used.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal In the cholesteric liquid crystal, the extending direction of the liquid crystal molecules spirals along the thickness direction of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, so that the refractive index of light periodically changes along the spiral axis. Therefore, the cholesteric liquid crystal can selectively reflect light having a wavelength corresponding to the helical period. By aligning these cholesteric liquid crystals, the molecules that make up the cholesteric liquid crystals are arranged in layers. To reflect.
- the color of light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer varies depending on the angle at which the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is observed.
- the angle formed by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and the plane including the observer's OB line-of-sight direction EL changes to change the color of light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer and viewed by the observer OB. change.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a predetermined direction can be formed by forming an alignment film on a substrate and coating the cholesteric liquid crystal on the alignment film.
- the alignment film can be formed by rubbing a coating film of polyvinyl alcohol or polyimide. The rubbing treatment can be performed by rubbing the coating film using cotton or velvet.
- the liquid crystal molecules can be aligned by applying the cholesteric liquid crystal to the substrate while applying a shearing force.
- liquid crystal molecules can be aligned by irradiating polarized laser light on a cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed on a substrate, or by applying electrolysis or a magnetic field.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer forms a coating film by applying a liquid crystal solution in which a liquid crystal substance having a nematic structure, a chiral substance, a photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound, and a photopolymerization initiator are mixed, and the coating film is irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Can be formed.
- a photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound a photopolymerizable monofunctional compound can be used as the liquid crystal solution forming material.
- the chiral substance combines one liquid crystal substance and another liquid crystal substance to form a spiral structure.
- the photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound fixes the cholesteric liquid crystal by curing in a polymerized state.
- an optical isomer liquid crystal substance having an asymmetric carbon atom in the molecule may be used.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer is formed by applying a liquid crystal solution in which an optical isomer liquid crystal substance, a photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound, and a photopolymerization initiator are mixed to form a coating film and irradiating the coating film with ultraviolet rays. It is also possible to form.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer by applying a liquid crystal solution on a substrate.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer formed on the support using an adhesive is adhered to the substrate together with the support, or based on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer. It is also possible to form a cholesteric liquid crystal layer on the substrate by transferring it to the material.
- photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound described above a monomer or oligomer having a polymerizable functional group, a polycondensable functional group, or two or more functional groups effective for polyaddition in the molecule can be used. Two or more of these can be used.
- the photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound the following radical photopolymerizable polyfunctional monomers or radical photopolymerizable polyfunctional oligomers can be used.
- radical photopolymerizable monofunctional monomer enumerated below can be used for a photopolymerizable monofunctional compound.
- radical photopolymerizable polyfunctional monomers include trimethylolpropane triacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol acrylate, pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol acrylate, and dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
- radical photopolymerizable polyfunctional oligomer include polyurethane polyacrylate, epoxy resin polyacrylate, and acrylic polyol polyacrylate.
- radical photopolymerizable monofunctional monomers include alkyl (having 1 to 18 carbon atoms) (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth) acrylate, and alkylene (having 2 carbon atoms).
- an aromatic epoxy compound an alicyclic epoxy compound, and a glycidyl ester compound can also be used as the photopolymerizable polyfunctional compound.
- a radical photopolymerization initiator or a cationic photopolymerization initiator can be used as the photopolymerization initiator.
- a sensitizer and a peroxide can be used in combination.
- radical photopolymerization initiators include acetophenone series such as ⁇ -hydroxyacetophenone series and ⁇ -aminoacetophenone series, benzoin ether series, benzyl ketal series, ⁇ -dicarbonyl series, and ⁇ -acyl oxime ester series. be able to.
- radical photopolymerization initiators include ⁇ -aminoacetophenone, acetophenone diethyl ketal, benzyl dimethyl ketal, ⁇ -hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methylphenylpropanone, benzophenone, Michler's ketone, isopropyl
- examples include thioxanthone and a combination of benzophenone and N-methyldiethanolamine.
- the cationic photopolymerization initiator is preferably used in combination with the above-described sensitizer or peroxide.
- sensitizer or peroxide allyl iodonium salt- ⁇ -hydroxyacetophenone, triallyl sulfonium salt, metallocene compound-peroxide combination, metallocene compound-thioxanthone combination And a metallocene compound-anthracene combination system.
- the thickness of the coating film coated with the liquid crystal solution is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the coating film When irradiating the coating film with ultraviolet rays, in order to suppress polymerization inhibition by oxygen, by supplying an inert gas such as nitrogen to the space where the coating film is placed, the oxygen gas concentration in the space is lowered,
- the coating film may be irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Or you may irradiate a coating film with an ultraviolet-ray in the state coat
- the oxygen barrier film include a polyvinyl alcohol film.
- the multilayer interference structure has a configuration in which a transparent thin film with a low refractive index and a transparent thin film with a high refractive index are alternately laminated many times.
- a metal thin film may be used instead of the high refractive index transparent thin film.
- An inorganic dielectric can be used as a material for forming the transparent thin film.
- Inorganic dielectrics include AlF 3 (1.3), CaF 2 (1.3 to 1.4), MgF 2 (1.4), SiO 2 (1.5), CeF 2 (1.6), Al 2 O 3 (1.6), MgO (1.7), In 2 O 3 (2.0), ZrO (2.0), ZnO (2.1), Ta 2 O 5 (2.1) , CeO 2 (2.3), ZnS (2.3), TiO 2 (2.5), CdS (2.6), Fe 2 O 3 (2.7), and Sb 2 S 3 (3. 0).
- the numerical value in the parenthesis following the chemical formula of each inorganic dielectric is the refractive index of the inorganic dielectric.
- the thickness of the transparent thin film is about the size of the wavelength of light in the visible region.
- a transparent thin film can be formed by a vapor deposition method such as a vacuum evaporation method.
- Synthetic resin can be used as the material for forming the transparent thin film.
- Synthetic resins include nylon (1.53), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (1.49), polymethylpentene (1.46), fluorine-based PMMA (1.4), polyethylene naphthalate (1.63). ), Polycarbonate (1.9), polystyrene (1.59), and polyethylene terephthalate (1.58).
- the numerical value in parentheses following the name of each synthetic resin is the refractive index of the synthetic resin.
- the base material 31 since the multilayer interference structure having a transparent thin film made of synthetic resin has shape retention, the base material 31 may be omitted in the display body having such a multilayer interference structure.
- the light incident on the multilayer interference structure is repeatedly reflected using the interface between one thin film and another thin film as a reflection surface. Then, light having multiple reflections in the multilayer interference structure interferes, and light having a predetermined wavelength is emitted from the multilayer interference structure as reflected light. Light other than the light emitted as reflected light from the multilayer interference structure passes through the multilayer interference structure.
- the color of the light reflected by the multilayer interference structure varies depending on the angle at which the multilayer interference structure is observed. In other words, when the angle formed by the multilayer interference structure and the plane including the observer's line of sight changes, the color of the light reflected by the multilayer interference structure and viewed by the observer changes. .
- the multilayer interference structure is pulverized to form a powdery pearl pigment, and a light interference layer 35 is formed by printing or applying a coating liquid containing a pearl pigment, a solvent, and a binder on a substrate. May be.
- Pigment ink, dye ink, and the like can be used as a material for forming the print 36.
- a method for forming the print 36 a gravure printing method, a screen printing method, or the like can be used.
- the base material 31 may be a resin film or a resin sheet formed from a synthetic resin. Polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polycarbonate, or the like can be used as a material for forming the base material 31.
- the base material 31 may have optical transparency or may not have optical transparency.
- Example 10 A transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m was prepared as a substrate. Then, a multilayer interference structure was formed by alternately laminating SiO 2 layers and Ta 2 O 5 layers on the base material. Next, printing representing the shape of an eighth note was formed on a part of the light interference layer by screen printing using black ink.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- a photocurable resin manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries Ltd., Hypertech UR-108N (Hypertech is a registered trademark) is used as a prism layer ink, and a prism layer is formed using a roll photopolymer method. did.
- the prism layer ink was applied to a support different from the substrate. At this time, the thickness of the coating film formed on the support was set to 15 ⁇ m. The gravure printing method was used for coating the prism layer ink.
- corrugated shape for forming an inclination element was pressed on the surface on the opposite side to the surface which touches a support among coating films on the following conditions. That is, the press pressure was set to 2 kgf / cm 2 , the press temperature was set to 100 ° C., the press speed was set to 10 m / min, and the original was pressed against the coating film. At the same time as pressing the original plate against the coating film, the support was irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a dose of 300 J / cm 2 from the side opposite to the coating film using a high-pressure mercury lamp. Thus, the prism layer having a refractive index of 1.76 was obtained by transferring the uneven shape of the original plate to the coating film and simultaneously curing the coating film.
- a plurality of inclined elements were formed in portions corresponding to the first display area, the second display area, and the third display area on the second prism surface of the prism layer.
- a plurality of tilt elements are formed so that the tilt angles of the tilt elements adjacent to each other in the direction in which the tilt elements are arranged are different by 1 °.
- a tilt element belonging to the first portion of the second display area, the tilt elements adjacent to each other in the direction in which the tilt elements are arranged, and a tilt element belonging to the second part of the second display area A plurality of tilting elements were formed so that the tilting angles differed by 1 ° even in the tilting elements adjacent to each other in the direction in which the lines are arranged.
- the display body When the display body was observed from each of the first observation point, the second observation point, and the third observation point described above, it was recognized that the display body displayed the following image. That is, when the display body is observed from the first observation point, the display body displays the first image having white, the second image having black, the third image having white, and the fourth image having green. was recognized.
- the display body When the display body is observed from the third observation point, the first image having white, the second image composed of the black portion and the white portion, the third image having orange, and the first image having green It was recognized that the display body displayed 4 images.
- the effects listed below can be obtained.
- a critical angle ⁇ c that is an incident angle at which incident light is refracted along the interface can be generated.
- the inclination angle ⁇ continuously changes in a plurality of inclination elements. Therefore, as the angle between the plane on which the display body 10 spreads and the plane including the line-of-sight direction EL of the observer OB is changed, among the tilt elements, the tilt element having the incident light incident angle larger than the critical angle ⁇ c and the incident light
- the boundary with the inclined element whose incident angle is smaller than the critical angle ⁇ c changes continuously in the arrangement direction DA.
- the direction in which the second inclined element b2t is inclined in the first portion b21 is opposite to the direction in which the second inclined element b2t is inclined in the second portion b22. Therefore, when the plane including the line-of-sight direction EL intersects the plane in which the display body 10 spreads at an angle other than perpendicular, the second inclined element b2t is compared with the configuration in which the second inclined element is inclined in the same direction. It is possible to make the incident angle of the incident light with respect to each inclined element of the incident light, which can be viewed by the observer OB, greatly different. Therefore, in the image formed by one second display region 34b2, two portions having different states can be formed, and as a result, the design of the display body 10 can be improved.
- FIGS. 15 to 17 referred to below show a planar structure of the display region in plan view facing the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34.
- FIG. 15 to 17 show a planar structure of the display region in plan view facing the second prism surface 34b of the prism layer 34.
- each display area 41 has a triangular shape, and each display area 41 has at least one other edge at the outer edge of each display area 41. It is in contact with the display area 41.
- Each display area 41 includes a plurality of inclined elements 41a.
- Each display area 41 has an arrangement direction unique to each display area 41, and the plurality of display areas 41 includes display areas 41 having different arrangement directions.
- Each display area 41 is not limited to a triangular shape, and may have other shapes. That is, as shown in FIG. 16, each display area 42 may have a square shape, and each display area 42 is in contact with at least two other display areas 42 at the outer edge of each display area 42.
- Each display area 42 includes a plurality of inclined elements 42a.
- Each display area 42 has an arrangement direction unique to each display area 42, and the plurality of display areas 42 include display areas 42 having different arrangement directions.
- each display area the widths of the inclined elements along the arrangement direction are equal to each other.
- the width of each inclination element along the arrangement direction also changes continuously.
- a plurality of display areas include at least one display area in which the tilt angle of each tilt element continuously changes along the arrangement direction, the plurality of display areas all belong to one display area. Display areas having the same inclination angle may be included in the inclination elements.
- the second prism surface 34b includes a plurality of fourth display regions 43 and a plurality of fifth display regions 44 in a plan view facing the second prism surface 34b.
- each fourth display region 43 has a first area
- each fifth display region 44 has a second area smaller than the first area. .
- Each fourth display area 43 has a quadrangular shape with four corners having curvature, and each fifth display area 44 has a circular shape. As long as the area of the fourth display region 43 and the area of the fifth display region 44 are different from each other, the fourth display region 43 and the fifth display region 44 may have similar shapes.
- Each of the fourth display areas 43 has an arrangement direction unique to each of the fourth display areas 43.
- the plurality of fourth display areas 43 include fourth display areas 43 in which the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 43a are different from each other. include. On the other hand, in all the fifth display areas 44, the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 44a are equal to each other.
- the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 43a may be equal to each other, and in all the fifth display areas 44, the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 44a may be equal to each other.
- the plurality of fourth display areas 43 include fourth display areas 43 in which the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 43a are different from each other, and the plurality of fifth display areas 44 include the fourth display areas 43 in which the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 44a are different from each other.
- 5 display areas 44 may be included.
- the arrangement directions may be the same, while the fifth display areas 44 may include the fifth display areas 44 in which the arrangement directions of the inclined elements 44a are different from each other.
- each display area the widths of the inclined elements along the arrangement direction are equal to each other.
- the inclination angle of each inclined element is the same as in the above-described embodiment.
- the width of each inclined element along the arrangement direction also changes continuously.
- the display regions are emitted from the entire display region due to the difference in the area of each display region.
- the amount of light can be varied. Therefore, compared to a configuration in which all the display areas have the same size, when the angle between the plane in which the display body 10 spreads and the plane including the line-of-sight direction EL is changed, due to the difference in the amount of light emitted from the display area, The design property of the display body 10 can be improved.
- the display body 50 includes a prism layer 34 and a print 32 that passes through the prism layer 34.
- the prism layer 34 In a plan view facing the surface 50a of the display body 50, the prism layer 34 has a rectangular plate shape that extends along a first direction D1 and a second direction D2 orthogonal to the first direction D1.
- the print 32 has a star shape having five vertices in a plan view facing the surface 50 a and is located in a portion including the center of the prism layer 34.
- the second prism surface 34 b of the prism layer 34 includes six sixth display areas 51, and in the plan view facing the surface 50 a, the three sixth display areas 51, the print 32, and the three sixth display areas 51. Are arranged at intervals along the first direction D1.
- the second prism surface 34b includes six seventh display areas 52, and in a plan view facing the surface 50a, the three seventh display areas 52, the print 32, and the three seventh display areas 52 are the second. They are arranged at intervals along the direction D2.
- Each of the sixth display areas 51 and each of the seventh display areas 52 has a star shape having four vertices in a plan view facing the surface 50a.
- each of the sixth display areas 51 may have a plurality of inclined elements arranged along the first direction D1 and extending along the second direction D2.
- the inclination angle of the inclination element changes by a certain angle along the first direction D1
- the tilt angle of the tilt element is changed.
- the tilt angle of the tilt element is a plurality of sixth display areas 51 from the sixth display area 51 located at one end in the first direction D1 toward the sixth display area 51 located at the other end in the first direction D1. Over the first direction D1, the angle may change by a certain angle.
- each seventh display region 52 may have a plurality of inclined elements arranged along the second direction D2 and extending along the first direction D1.
- the inclination angle of the inclination element changes by a certain angle along the second direction D2, and in all the seventh display areas 52, the inclination angle of the inclination element is changed.
- the ranges may be equal.
- the tilt angle of the tilt element is changed from the seventh display region 52 positioned at one end in the second direction D2 toward the seventh display region 52 positioned at the other end in the second direction D2. Over the second direction D2, the angle may change by a certain angle.
- each of the sixth display areas 51 and each of the seventh display areas 52 may have a plurality of inclined elements arranged along the first direction D1 and extending along the second direction D2. Good.
- the three sixth display areas 51 located on one side with respect to the print 32 constitute one display area group in the plan view facing the front surface 50 a and the other side with respect to the print 32.
- the six sixth display areas 51 located at a position constitute one display area group.
- the three seventh display areas 52 located on one side with respect to the print 32 constitute one display area group in the plan view facing the surface 50 a, and the other side with respect to the print 32
- the three seventh display areas 52 located at a position constitute one display area group.
- the inclination angle of the inclined element is a constant angle along the direction away from the print 32 from the display area having the smallest distance from the print 32 to the display area having the largest distance from the print 32. It may be larger or smaller.
- each of the seventh display areas 52 may have a plurality of inclined elements arranged along the second direction D2 and extending along the first direction D1.
- the three seventh display areas 52 located on one side with respect to the print 32 constitute one display area group in the plan view facing the front surface 50 a, and the other side with respect to the print 32.
- the three seventh display areas 52 located at a position constitute one display area group.
- the inclination angle of the inclined element is constant along the direction away from the print 32 from the display region having the smallest distance from the print 32 to the display region having the largest distance from the print 32. The angle may be increased or decreased.
- the difference in the tilt angle ⁇ between the tilt elements adjacent to each other in the arrangement direction DA may be different from each other. Even in such a configuration, if each display region includes a plurality of tilt elements arranged in the array direction DA and the tilt angle ⁇ changing by a certain angle along the array direction DA, the above-described (1). The effect can be obtained.
- the second prism surface 34b may be configured to include only one or only two of the first display region 34b1, the second display region 34b2, and the third display region 34b3. Even in such a configuration, if each display area includes an inclination element arranged in the arrangement direction DA and the inclination angle ⁇ changing by a certain angle along the arrangement direction DA, the above-described effect (1) is achieved. Can get.
- the tilt element is a plane that forms a predetermined tilt angle ⁇ with the plane in which the prism layer 34 spreads, but the tilt element may be a curved surface.
- the angle formed by the plane that approximates the curved surface as the tilt element and the plane on which the prism layer 34 spreads is the tilt angle ⁇ of each tilt element.
- the inclination angle ⁇ changes by a certain angle along the direction in which the inclined elements are arranged. Even if it is such a structure, the effect equivalent to (1) mentioned above can be acquired.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of each inclination element in the plurality of inclination elements that are a part of all the inclination elements included in each display area is the arrangement direction It may be increased by a certain angle along DA. Even with such a configuration, an effect equivalent to the above-described (1) can be obtained in a part of each display area.
- the display body may have a layer formed of, for example, a resin instead of an air layer as an interface layer.
- the interface layer only needs to be formed from a resin having a lower refractive index than the resin forming the prism layer 34.
- the display body may have a cover layer located on the first prism surface 34a of the prism layer 34.
- the refractive index of the cover layer is preferably lower than the refractive index of the prism layer 34. Accordingly, when light enters the prism layer 34 from the cover layer side, a critical angle does not occur between the cover layer and the prism layer 34, and thus the amount of light transmitted from the cover layer to the prism layer 34 is reduced. Can be bigger.
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、表示体が有する意匠性を高めることを可能とした表示体を提供することを目的とする。
図1から図3を参照して表示体の全体構成を説明する。
図1が示すように、表示体10は矩形板状を有し、表示体10は、例えば表示体10を所有する個人を認証するためのIDカードである。表示体10は、表示体10の表面10aと対向する平面視において、1つの方向に沿って間隔を空けて並ぶ第1画像11、第2画像12、および、第3画像13を表示することが可能に構成されている。第1画像11、第2画像12、および、第3画像13は、それぞれ所定の形状を有していればよい。第1画像11および第3画像13は星形状を有し、第2画像12は、八分音符を表現する形状を有している。また、表示体10は、第1画像11、第2画像12、および、第3画像13が並ぶ方向に沿って延びる帯状を有し、かつ、第1画像11、第2画像12、および、第3画像13を取り囲む第4画像14を表示することが可能に構成されている。
図2が示すように、I-I線に沿う断面において、表示体10は、基材31、印刷32、接着層33、および、プリズム層34を備えている。印刷32は、基材31におけるプリズム層34と対向する第1基材面31aの一部に位置している。印刷32は、上述した第2情報22を含んでいる。なお、図2では、図示の便宜上、印刷32を1つの層で表現している。
図4から図7を参照して、プリズム層34、光干渉層35、印刷36、および、空気層37をより詳しく説明する。図4は、光干渉層35および空気層37のなかで、表示体10の厚さ方向から見て、第1表示領域34b1と重なる部分のみを示している。図5は、光干渉層35および空気層37のなかで、表示体10の厚さ方向から見て、第3表示領域34b3と重なる領域のみを示している。図6は、光干渉層35、印刷36、および、空気層37のなかで、表示体10の厚さ方向から見て、第2表示領域34b2と重なる部分のみを示している。なお、図4から図7では、プリズム層34の形状を認識しやすくする便宜上、プリズム層34におけるハッチングを省略している。
図8から図11を参照して、プリズム層34における各傾斜要素の角度を説明する。なお、以下では、各傾斜要素の角度の説明に先立ち、表示体10において用いた原理を説明する。
図8を用いて表示体10において用いた原理を説明する。
図8が示すように、第1媒質iと第2媒質tとは水平な界面IFを有し、第1媒質iの屈折率は第1屈折率niであり、第2媒質tの屈折率は、第2屈折率ntである。こうした構成において、臨界角θcは、スネルの法則と屈折率の定義とから、以下に示す式1によって求めることができる。
sinθc = nt/ni … (式1)
図9から図11を参照して、傾斜要素の傾斜角度θを説明する。なお、図9から図11では、図示の便宜上、第1表示領域34b1に含まれる第1傾斜要素b1tの一部のみが示され、第3表示領域34b3に含まれる第3傾斜要素b3tの一部のみが示されている。また、図9から図11では、第2表示領域34b2と対向する部位に位置する印刷36の図示が省略されている。
図9が示すように、観察者OBが第1観察点から表示体10を観察しているとき、表示体10の表面10aと、観察者OBの視線方向ELを含む第1平面とは、垂直に交わっている。このとき、全ての第2傾斜要素b2tに対して、臨界角θcよりも小さい入射角度で入射光が入射する。そのため、各第2傾斜要素b2tに入射した入射光の少なくとも一部は、空気層37を透過して光干渉層35に到達する。それゆえに、観察者OBは、光干渉層35から射出された反射光であって、かつ、第2表示領域34b2を透過した光を視認することができる。
図10が示すように、観察者OBが第2観察点から表示体10を観察しているとき、表示体10の表面10aと、観察者OBの視線方向ELを含む第2平面との形成する角度は、45°である。
図11が示すように、観察者OBが第3観察点から表示体10を観察しているとき、表示体10の表面10aと、観察者OBの視線方向ELを含む第3平面との形成する角度は、45°である。なお、第3平面は、表示体10の表面10aと直交し、かつ、延在方向DEに平行な平面に対して、第2平面と面対称の関係を有する。
θf1 ≧ arcsin(N2/N1) > θf2 … (式2)
θf1 ≧ arcsin(N2/N1) … (式3)
arcsin(N4/N3) > θf2 … (式4)
図12から図14を参照して表示体10の作用を説明する。
図12が示すように、観察者OBが第1観察点から表示体10を観察したときには、第1表示領域34b1および第3表示領域34b3に入射した光は、各表示領域に属する傾斜要素によって全反射されるため、白色を有した第1画像11と、白色を有した第3画像13とが表示される。これに対して、第2表示領域34b2に入射した光は、第2傾斜要素b2tを透過するため、印刷36が有する色に応じた第2画像12が表示される。印刷36が例えば黒色を有するときには、黒色を有する第2画像12が表示される。
以下では、表示体10を構成する各層の形成材料、および、各層の形成方法を説明する。
[プリズム層]
プリズム層34の形成方法には、熱エンボス法、キャスト法、および、フォトポリマー法などを用いることができる。フォトポリマー法は、2P法または感光性樹脂法とも呼ばれる方法である。これらの方法では、まず、プリズム層34を複製するための複製型と平坦な基材との間に放射線硬化性樹脂を位置させた状態で、放射線硬化性樹脂に放射線を照射することによって放射線硬化性樹脂を硬化させる。そして、硬化した放射線硬化性樹脂を基材とともに複製型から剥離することによって、凹凸面を有したプリズム層を得ることができる。
光干渉層35には、コレステリック液晶層、および、多層干渉構造体のいずれかを用いることができる。
コレステリック液晶では、液晶分子の延びる方向が、コレステリック液晶層の厚さ方向に沿って螺旋状に旋回するため、螺旋状の軸に沿って光の屈折率が周期的に変わる。それゆえに、コレステリック液晶は、螺旋の周期に応じた波長の光を選択的に反射することができる。こうしたコレステリック液晶を配向させることによって、コレステリック液晶を構成する各分子が層状に配列されるため、コレステリック液晶の反射した反射光が強め合うことによって、コレステリック液晶層が全体として所定の色を有した光を反射する。
多層干渉構造体は、低屈折率の透明薄膜と高屈折率の透明薄膜とを、交互にかつ多数回積層した構成を有する。なお、高屈折率の透明薄膜の代わりに、金属の薄膜を用いることもできる。
印刷36の形成材料には、顔料インキおよび染料インキなどを用いることができる。印刷36の形成方法には、グラビア印刷法およびスクリーン印刷法などを用いることができる。
基材31は、合成樹脂から形成された樹脂フィルムまたは樹脂シートであればよい。基材31の形成材料には、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、および、ポリカーボネートなどを用いることができる。基材31は、光透過性を有してもよいし、光透過性を有していなくてもよい。
50μmの厚さを有した透明のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムを基材として準備した。そして、基材上に、SiO2層とTa2O5層とを交互に積層して、多層干渉構造体を形成した。次いで、光干渉層の一部に、黒色インキを用いたスクリーン印刷によって、八分音符の形状を表現する印刷を形成した。
(1)プリズム層34から空気層37に向けて光が入射するとき、界面に沿って入射光が屈折する入射角度である臨界角θcを生じさせることができる。しかも、各表示領域では、複数の傾斜要素において傾斜角度θが連続して変わる。そのため、表示体10の広がる平面と観察者OBの視線方向ELを含む平面との角度が変わるにつれ、傾斜要素のうち、入射光の入射角度が臨界角θcよりも大きい傾斜要素と、入射光の入射角度が臨界角θcよりも小さい傾斜要素との境界が、配列方向DAにおいて連続的に変わる。これにより、各表示領域において、光干渉層35にて反射した光を透過する部分と、光干渉層35にて反射した光を透過しない部分との境界が連続的に変わるため、表示体10の意匠性を高めることができる。
・図15が示すように、第2プリズム面34bと対向する平面視において、各表示領域41は三角形状を有し、各表示領域41は、各表示領域41が有する外縁において少なくとも1つの他の表示領域41と接している。各表示領域41は、複数の傾斜要素41aを含んでいる。各表示領域41は、各表示領域41に固有の配列方向を有し、複数の表示領域41には、配列方向が互いに異なる表示領域41が含まれている。
すなわち、図16が示すように、各表示領域42は正方形状を有してもよく、各表示領域42は、各表示領域42が有する外縁において少なくとも2つの他の表示領域42と接している。各表示領域42は、複数の傾斜要素42aを含んでいる。各表示領域42は、各表示領域42に固有の配列方向を有し、複数の表示領域42には、配列方向が互いに異なる表示領域42が含まれている。
(5)表示体10の広がる平面と視線方向ELを含む平面との角度を変えたときに、入射角度が臨界角θcよりも大きい傾斜要素と、入射角度が臨界角θcよりも小さい傾斜要素との境界が連続的に変わる状態を、配列方向が互いに異なる表示領域間で変えることができる。それゆえに、全ての表示領域において配列方向が同じである構成と比べて、表示体10の意匠性を高めることができる。
・図17が示すように、第2プリズム面34bと対向する平面視において、第2プリズム面34bは、複数の第4表示領域43と複数の第5表示領域44とを含んでいる。第2プリズム面34bと対向する平面視において、各第4表示領域43は第1の面積を有し、各第5表示領域44は第1の面積よりも小さい第2の面積を有している。
(6)第1の面積を有する第4表示領域43と第2の面積を有する第5表示領域44との間では、各表示領域が有する面積の違いによって、各表示領域の全体から射出される光の光量を異ならせることができる。そのため、全ての表示領域が同じ大きさを有する構成と比べて、表示体10の広がる平面と視線方向ELを含む平面との角度を変えたときに、表示領域から射出される光量の違いによって、表示体10の意匠性を高めることができる。
・図18が示すように、表示体50はプリズム層34と、プリズム層34を透過する印刷32とを備えている。表示体50の表面50aと対向する平面視において、プリズム層34は、第1方向D1と第1方向D1に直交する第2方向D2とに沿って広がる矩形板状を有している。印刷32は、表面50aと対向する平面視において、5つの頂点を有する星形状を有し、プリズム層34の中央を含む部分に位置している。
上述した実施形態は、以下のように適宜変更して実施することができる。
・配列方向DAにおいて、最も第2表示領域34b2寄りに位置する第1傾斜要素b1tの傾斜角度θと、最も第1表示領域34b1寄りに位置する第2傾斜要素b2tの傾斜角度θとの差は、各表示領域内にて、配列方向DAにおいて互いに隣り合う傾斜要素間での傾斜角度θの差とは異なってもよい。こうした構成であっても、各表示領域は、配列方向DAに並び、かつ、配列方向DAに沿って傾斜角度θが一定の角度ずつ変わる傾斜要素を含んでいれば、上述した(1)の効果を得ることはできる。
Claims (7)
- 所定の波長範囲を有する入射光が入射角度で入射し、前記所定の波長範囲の一部である所定の波長を有した反射光を射出する光干渉層であって、前記所定の波長は前記入射角度に応じる、光干渉層と、
光透過性を有し、前記光干渉層に対する前記入射光を透過させるプリズム層であって、少なくとも1つの表示領域を含む凹凸面を有したプリズム層と、
前記凹凸面に隣接する界面層であって、前記凹凸面と前記界面層との間の界面に対して前記プリズム層側の屈折率が、前記界面に対して前記光干渉層が位置する側の屈折率よりも高くなるように、前記プリズム層との間で屈折率の差を有する界面層と、を備え、
前記表示領域は、前記プリズム層が広がる平面に対して所定の傾斜角度で傾く複数の傾斜要素であって、複数の前記傾斜要素が前記平面における配列軸に沿った配列方向に並び、かつ、前記平面において前記配列軸と直交する延在軸に沿った延在方向に延び、前記平面と対向する平面視において、前記配列方向において互いに隣り合う前記傾斜要素が接する複数の前記傾斜要素を含み、
複数の前記傾斜要素は、前記傾斜角度が、前記配列方向に沿って一定の角度ずつ大きくなる第1の複数の傾斜要素を含む
表示体。 - 前記凹凸面は、前記配列方向に間隔を空けて並ぶ複数の前記表示領域を含み、
互いに隣り合う前記表示領域間において、互いに隣り合う前記傾斜要素の前記傾斜角度が、前記配列方向に沿って前記一定の角度だけ大きい
請求項1に記載の表示体。 - 前記凹凸面は、前記配列方向に並ぶ複数の表示領域を含み、
前記平面と直交し、かつ、前記延在軸に平行な面が基準面であり、
複数の前記表示領域は、全ての前記傾斜要素が前記基準面に対して前記配列軸に沿った第1配列方向に傾いている第1表示領域と、全ての前記傾斜要素が前記基準面に対して前記第1配列方向とは逆の第2配列方向に傾いている第2表示領域とを含む
請求項1に記載の表示体。 - 前記表示領域のうちの少なくとも1つは、前記配列方向に沿って並ぶ第1部分と第2部分とから構成され、
前記平面と直交し、かつ、前記延在方向に平行な面が基準面であり、
前記第1部分に属する全ての前記傾斜要素が前記基準面に対して前記配列軸に沿った第1配列方向に傾き、前記第2部分に属する全ての前記傾斜要素が前記第1配列方向とは逆の方向である第2配列方向に傾いている
請求項1に記載の表示体。 - 前記凹凸面は、複数の前記表示領域を含み、
前記各表示領域は、前記各表示領域に固有の前記配列方向を有し、
複数の前記表示領域には、前記配列方向が互いに異なる前記表示領域が含まれる
請求項1に記載の表示体。 - 前記凹凸面は、複数の前記表示領域を含み、
複数の前記表示領域には、前記平面と対向する平面視において、第1の面積を有する前記表示領域と、前記第1の面積とは異なる第2の面積を有する前記表示領域とが含まれる
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の表示体。 - 所定の波長範囲を有する入射光が入射角度で入射し、前記所定の波長範囲の一部である所定の波長を有した反射光を射出する光干渉層であって、前記所定の波長は前記入射角度に応じる、光干渉層と、
光透過性を有し、前記光干渉層に対する前記入射光を透過させるプリズム層であって、前記プリズム層において前記光干渉層と対向する面である対向面と、前記対向面とは反対側の面である反対面とのいずれか一方が、少なくとも1つの表示領域を含む凹凸面であり、前記凹凸面に対して前記入射光の入射する側の屈折率が、前記凹凸面に対して前記光干渉層が位置する側の屈折率よりも高くなるように構成された前記プリズム層と、を備え、
前記表示領域は、三角形状が進行方向に連なる三角波形状を有した断面が1つの方向に連続した形状を有し、各波形の傾きが前記進行方向に沿って一定の角度ずつ大きくなる
表示体。
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CN112572014A (zh) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司 | 光学防伪元件及防伪产品 |
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JP2020535875A (ja) | 2017-09-29 | 2020-12-10 | ナイキ イノベイト シーブイ | 構造色を付与した物品及び構造色を付与した物品の製造方法並びに使用方法。 |
WO2020263362A1 (en) | 2019-06-26 | 2020-12-30 | Nike Innovate C.V. | Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles |
US11986042B2 (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2024-05-21 | Nike, Inc. | Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles |
US20210370713A1 (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-12-02 | Nike, Inc. | Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles |
US11889894B2 (en) | 2020-08-07 | 2024-02-06 | Nike, Inc. | Footwear article having concealing layer |
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AU2018210803B9 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
JP2018114696A (ja) | 2018-07-26 |
EP3573044A1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
US20190337321A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
AU2018210803A1 (en) | 2019-09-05 |
US11491814B2 (en) | 2022-11-08 |
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