WO2018130901A1 - Procédé et appareil de ramassage et de détermination de déchets - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de ramassage et de détermination de déchets Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018130901A1
WO2018130901A1 PCT/IB2017/058425 IB2017058425W WO2018130901A1 WO 2018130901 A1 WO2018130901 A1 WO 2018130901A1 IB 2017058425 W IB2017058425 W IB 2017058425W WO 2018130901 A1 WO2018130901 A1 WO 2018130901A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste
collection
collected
granular form
chip
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/058425
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrea Mungo
Original Assignee
Kolimat Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IT102017000003956A external-priority patent/IT201700003956A1/it
Application filed by Kolimat Srl filed Critical Kolimat Srl
Publication of WO2018130901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018130901A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2216—Discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/0033—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor specially adapted for segregated refuse collecting, e.g. receptacles with several compartments; Combination of receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00—Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/12—Crushing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00—Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/128—Data transmitting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00—Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/168—Sensing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F2210/00—Equipment of refuse receptacles
    • B65F2210/184—Weighing means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/10—Waste collection, transportation, transfer or storage, e.g. segregated refuse collecting, electric or hybrid propulsion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus for collection and quantification of waste, in particular, without however being limited to, differentiated waste such as inorganic materials or anyway dry materials like plastics, paper, glass, metal and the like.
  • Differentiation involves different materials, from glass to plastic, from paper to metal (whether ferrous or not), and also organic waste (the so-called “green” waste), discharged batteries, oil, electronic equipment or other objects.
  • inorganic solid waste i.e. waste mainly consisting of plastic and paper materials, since these are the materials that are usually collected in cities and extraurban areas in many countries.
  • the waste thus collected is then put by the users into bins or brought to local collection centres (recycling depots), whether public or private; in this simple sequence of steps the waste is, in practice, transferred from the points of utilization, i.e. houses, offices, commercial or production businesses (e.g. shops, factories and the like) to collection points in the original condition or, according to the case, in a more or less compacted condition, i.e. folded and/or crushed, such as newspapers or plastic bottles.
  • points of utilization i.e. houses, offices, commercial or production businesses (e.g. shops, factories and the like) to collection points in the original condition or, according to the case, in a more or less compacted condition, i.e. folded and/or crushed, such as newspapers or plastic bottles.
  • the waste collection cycle follows these general lines; it may however be optimized by applying appropriate measures, which may vary from case to case, for the purpose of reducing the costs and/or improving the efficiency of the cycle as a whole; this includes, for example, waste which is burnt in incinerators for producing thermal and/or electric energy (cogeneration).
  • one aspect that, as far as the Applicant knows, can still be improved is the collection of differentiated waste by public or private operators, and the transportation thereof to disposal facilities.
  • this activity is carried out in shifts at predefined intervals, which may be one week, two weeks, fifteen days, etc., according to the case.
  • a first factor that is not adequately taken into account is seasonality; in fact, the types of waste and the quantities thereof may vary during a year, depending on the period: in the summer and in the winter, or in working periods and holiday periods. Therefore, during a year there may be periods when there is a larger amount of one type of waste than another; for example, paper of Christmas packs or glass bottles, plastic and green waste, whereas in other periods there may be a more regular distribution, and in other periods the total quantity may be higher because of the presence of more people (as is the case in vacation resorts during the holidays).
  • the idea that solves this problem is to acquire data and/or information about the waste actually collected by the users, such as type and quantity, and to send such data and/or information to at least one subject (public or private company), preferably also dealing with waste collection and transportation, though it may also be a third party only entrusted with data flow management.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the method of waste collection according to the invention
  • Figs. 2 and 3 respectively show an axonometric view and a front view of an apparatus according to the invention
  • Figs. 4 and 5 show an axonometric view of the preceding apparatus from respective viewpoints, with a portion thereof removed to show the inside;
  • Fig. 6 is a side view of the preceding apparatus, with a portion thereof removed to show the inside;
  • Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the preceding apparatus, with a portion thereof removed to show the inside;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the part of the apparatus shown in the preceding figure.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 are respective views from opposite sides of an internal detail of the preceding apparatus, in an operating condition;
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the detail of Figures 9 and 10;
  • Figs. 12 and 13 are respective exploded views of a part of the apparatus shown in the preceding figures;
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating the operation of the apparatus shown in the preceding figures.
  • numeral 100 designates as a whole a separate waste collection system according to the invention.
  • This system comprises a plurality of devices or apparatuses 1 to be used for separate waste collection at each user point U, where they are to be installed.
  • the collection apparatuses 1 are intended for a domestic and/or household point of utilization U, but they may also be associated with jointly-owned buildings or a plurality of points of utilization, e.g. those placed along a road or in residential, commercial or production areas, such as houses, shops, offices, factories, etc.
  • the collection apparatus 1 may be of different types and/or sizes, as will become apparent hereinafter; for simplicity and convenience, this description will refer to an apparatus 1 for household or domestic use, suitable for grinding materials such as plastic and paper or cardboard.
  • the apparatus 1 comprises an external enclosure in which suitable mechanisms are installed for grinding materials like paper and plastic, not shown in the drawings for simplicity's sake; the grinding mechanism is preferably of the type with side-by-side counter-rotating rotors fitted with a plurality of teeth or lobes meshed with each other, so as to break the material into chips, granules or other particles having a predefined size. It must however be pointed out that any other suitable mechanism may be used, as far as it is compatible with the following specifications.
  • the apparatus 1 looks externally as shown in the drawings, i.e. substantially like a small cabinet (approx. 80cm high, 65cm wide and 35cm deep), which can be easily accommodated inside a closet, on a balcony or anywhere else within a house.
  • the apparatus comprises an upper part 2, intended for waste grinding, and a lower part or base 3, intended for separate waste collection; in this example, the apparatus 1 is of the type specially intended for grinding and separately collecting paper and plastic materials. Nevertheless, as aforesaid, this should not be understood to limit the scope of the invention, which is also applicable to other types of waste, such as metal or organic waste.
  • the upper part 2 comprises an external enclosure or body 20 configured substantially like a bell, in the apical region of which there is an opening or mouth 21 for loading waste from above.
  • the opening 21 is configured substantially like a slot with a draft surface 22, because in this case it is intended for paper: since the latter consists mostly of sheets, the slot configuration and the draft surface 22 promote the sliding of the sheets into the internal grinding chamber of the machine, which will be further described hereinafter.
  • the loading mouth 21 may also be used for introducing any other material into the machine, not necessarily paper material; in other words, different materials can be introduced through the mouth 21, so long as they are compatible with the slot-like shape of the latter.
  • the position of the loading mouth 21 relative to the rest of the apparatus 1 and/or its configuration may vary also as a function of the type of material to be collected into the apparatus 1, as already explained.
  • the thin slot will prevent a person from putting his/her hands inside the external body 20, exposing them to injury caused by the grinding mechanisms housed therein.
  • a lateral loading mouth or opening 25 arranged along one of the sides of the external body 20 of the apparatus 1 and having a substantially circular shape, since it is intended for tubular or cylindrical objects.
  • the latter are typically bottles, flacons or similar packages for beverages, soaps and liquid in general. They are usually made of recyclable plastic (PET and the like), but nevertheless the lateral loading opening 25 may also be useful for introducing into the apparatus 1 glass bottles, metal cans or containers made of different materials, including paper-based ones.
  • the lateral opening 25 is closed by a safety mechanism or device 90, in order to prevent the introduction of any undesired objects or a person's hands into the opening 25 while the apparatus 1 is in operation.
  • the lower part 3 of the latter is intended for waste collection; advantageously, it also serves as a base or pedestal supporting the waste grinding mechanisms.
  • two containers or vessels 10, 11, into which the waste is collected by gravity, are housed in the base 3, and can be periodically removed and emptied when full.
  • the upper part 2 of the apparatus 1 houses the electromechanical components for grinding the waste introduced through the openings 21 and 25; such components are better visible as a whole in Figures 4-10 and in detail in the exploded views of Figures 11, 12.
  • the grinding mechanism comprises a load-bearing frame or enclosure 30, essentially consisting of a pair of sidewalls or flanks 31, 32, connected at their ends by two heads 33, 34; the fastening of the latter to the flanks 31, 32 can be achieved in any appropriate manner: in this case screws 35, 36 are employed, but welds may be used as an alternative.
  • the structure of the load-bearing frame 30 consisting of two flanks 31, 32 and two heads 33, 34 appears to be most suitable because it is simple and economical to manufacture as well as capable to withstand the stresses generated during the grinding process, it may nevertheless be configured differently.
  • the frame 30 may be conceived as a boxed frame in two parts, an upper part being fastened to the lower part, just like the enclosures of some electric motors or internal combustion engines.
  • the upper edges 37, 38 of the two flanks 31, 32 of the load-bearing frame 30 are spaced apart, leaving a gap in between to allow the entry of the waste loaded from above through the opening 21 of the upper body 20.
  • the upper edge 37, 38 of the flanks have a convex or rounded shape, so as to facilitate the sliding of sheets or thin materials to be collected.
  • the edges 37, 38 are shown twice: in the condition associated with the flanks 31, 32 and in an exploded view to better highlight their shape.
  • the upper edges 37, 38 of the flanks 31, 32 of the frame 30 are substantially aligned with the opening 21, so as to promote the sliding of sheets inside the body 20 of the machine 1 and the grinding thereof by the mechanism 50 housed therein.
  • Said mechanism comprises two rotors 51, 52, which are essentially hob tools arranged side by side with interpenetrating toothings, mounted on respective counter-rotating shafts 55, 56; in accordance with a preferred embodiment, the toothings of the rotors 51, 52 have helical ridges or profiles 51a, 52a visible in Fig. 12, where the cutting edges 58 of the tools are located.
  • the rotors 51, 52 are assembled by fitting a respective pack of toothed disks 53, 54 on the shafts 55, 56; for this purpose, in the example shown in the drawings the counter-rotating shafts 55, 56 are configured as prismatic bars (i.e. they have a polygonal cross-section) and the toothed disks 53, 54 have a central hole with a conjugated polygonal shape.
  • the toothed disks 53, 54 have a star configuration much like milling cutters, with tangential arms or protrusions 53a, 54a where the cutting edges 58 are arranged; the latter may be formed as one piece with the disks 53, 54 by sharpening the protrusions thereof, or by applying inserts of hard material or any material suitable for breaking up the waste material (paper, plastic, glass, metal, etc.).
  • spacer elements 59 are arranged, which essentially consist of rings, the thickness of which allows spacing out adjacent disks 53 or 54 of a rotor 51 or 52, thus creating the room necessary to allow the teeth 53 or 54 of the flanking rotor to penetrate in between.
  • the shafts 55, 56 of the rotors are driven by an electric motor 60 and a mechanical transmission 61; the latter can be made in any appropriate manner, e.g. with a belt or with gears, as in the case shown herein.
  • the reducer 61 is housed in a casing 62 fastened to the head 33 of the frame, where an output shaft 63 belonging to or anyway associated with the electric motor 60, provided with an endless thread, is coupled to a first helical toothed wheel 64.
  • Said toothed wheel 64 is fitted on a pin 65 together with a second toothed wheel 66 meshed with one gear of the pair 67, 68, which are respectively fitted on the shafts 55, 56 and meshed with each other.
  • the gears 67, 68 are meshed with each other, so that any rotation of the former, which is integral with the drive wheel 64, will be transmitted to the latter, resulting in counter- rotation of the shafts 55, 56.
  • the lower part of the frame 30 is configured substantially like a hopper 70 in which the particles of material broken up by the rotors 51, 52 are collected.
  • the particles are granular, and their size varies depending on the material; therefore, plastic or glass granules will have a size of 1-2 millimetres, whereas in the case of paper there will be small pieces similar to confetti (still of the same size).
  • the particles of material are collected by gravity in the hopper 30, where there is a butterfly diverter 72 that comprises a horizontally-pivoted wall 74, which in this example is advantageously controlled manually to make the machine simpler, but may also, as an alternative, be motorized.
  • the horizontally-pivoted wall 74 is integral with a bar or shaft 75 extending longitudinally between the heads 33, 34 of the frame 30 and controlled by a crank 76 at its end: by turning the crank 76, the user can orient the horizontally-pivoted wall 74 of the diverter 72 to direct the waste contained in the hopper 70 towards either waste collection container 10, 11 in the base 3 of the apparatus 1.
  • the containers 10, 11 are arranged side by side and the horizontally- pivoted wall 74 is located above them, near the adjacent sides of the containers 10, 11 themselves; however, the apparatus 1 may be subject to variations, with more than two containers for separate waste collection (e.g. three, four or more).
  • the diverter 72 will be different from the one including just one simple horizontally pivoted wall 74; for example, the diverter may comprise another horizontally-pivoted wall similar to the first one, but arranged transversally thereto.
  • the waste grinding action exerted by the rotors 51, 52 is promoted by the presence of means that will prevent the ground material or the material being ground from moving towards the sides of the rotors 51, 52; in other words, in order to increase the efficiency of the apparatus the Applicant originally believes that it is advantageous that the waste material is processed (i.e. ground) by the rotors 51, 52 after having been concentrated in the working area of the toothings 51a, 52a.
  • concentrator means 40 are arranged, which are essentially inclined draft surfaces that promote the sliding and routing of the materials towards the rotors 51, 52 in the grinding chamber 45, i.e. the space internal to the frame 30 above the rotors.
  • the septa 40 are configured as combs, the teeth 41 of which are separated by the same gap as the toothed disks 53, 54 of the rotors 51, 52.
  • the septa 40 approach the rotors 51, 52 without however interfering with the rotation thereof, and cause all the waste material to go through the meshing region of the toothings 51a, 52a.
  • the base 3 supports the body 20 and the internal frame 30 of the machine 1; for this purpose, the frame 30 is mounted on a structure or ledge 80, which rests on the upper edge of the base 3.
  • the structure 80 is also provided with two vertical walls 83, 84, which serve to fasten the heads 33, 34 of the load-bearing frame 30 by means of threaded members (screws and/or bolts, shown in the drawings).
  • a safety device 90 intended for preventing the introduction of objects, and especially a person's hands, while the apparatus is in operation.
  • the lateral loading mouth 25 of the body 20 is aligned with a corresponding window 91 on the head 34 of the frame 30, leading into the grinding chamber 45.
  • a shutter consisting in this example of a diaphragm comprising two oscillating elements 93, 94 pivoted at the top to the head 34, so that they can make a pendulum movement between an open condition, in which they are spread apart relative to the head 34 (Figs. 9 and 10), and a closed condition, in which they are close to each other, thus obstructing the passage opening of the window 91.
  • the rotary movement of the elements 93, 94 of the shutter diaphragm is controlled by a cam mechanism of an axially movable pin 95, in opposition to the elastic action of a spring 96; to this end, the pin 95 can slide in a through hole 97 in the upper part of the head 34, and its sliding action is accompanied by a guide 98.
  • electric switches or contacts 101, 102 are fastened to the head 34, which, when the shutter elements 93, 94 are in the spread condition, i.e. the window 91 is open, will interrupt the power supply to the electric motor 60, so that the rotors 51, 52 will stop.
  • the shutter elements 93, 94 will come into contact with the respective switches 101, 102, which, by closing the electric circuit of the machine, will allow the supply of power to the motor 60 and the activation of the rotors 51, 52 for breaking up the waste.
  • the apparatus 2 further comprises means 110, 111 for detecting the weight of the waste collected in the containers 10, 11; such means may be of any appropriate kind, e.g. load cells arranged under the containers 10, 11, as in the case shown in Figure 6, or extensometers, dynamometers or other weight-detecting elements or sensors per se known.
  • the apparatus 1 further comprises a unit 130 for controlling and managing its own operation, to which various components are operationally connected, such as the electric motor that drives the rotors and the one of the safety device, the load cells, and all the various sensors provided;
  • the unit 130 is of the electronic type (therefore, it comprises per se known components, such as processors, memories, cards, etc.) and is supplied with electricity, preferably mains current.
  • the control unit 130 also comprises telecommunication means 131 for transmitting information in data form.
  • Such telecommunication means comprise an antenna 131 suitable for transmission of electromagnetic signals via Wi-Fi and/or Bluetooth ® protocol and/or SIM card, so as to be able to receive and transmit data about the operation of the apparatus 1 to a telecommunications network R.
  • control unit 130 may also comprise a SFM (Subscriber Identity Module) telecommunications card 133 for data traffic over a mobile telephone network.
  • SFM Subscriber Identity Module
  • the card 133 is inserted into an internal seat (not shown in the drawings, since it is per se known) in the control unit 130, which is equipped with electronic components such as processors, cards, permanent and/or volatile memories, etc., for transmission of data to the telecommunications network R.
  • an internal seat not shown in the drawings, since it is per se known
  • the control unit 130 which is equipped with electronic components such as processors, cards, permanent and/or volatile memories, etc., for transmission of data to the telecommunications network R.
  • This embodiment of the invention substantially corresponds to what is now commonly called “Internet of things” (IOT): it allows for almost continuous transmission of a data stream to the management centre 150 via the telecommunications network R.
  • IOT Internet of things
  • control unit 130 is in communication with an apparatus 140 for signal transmission/reception to/from the telecommunications network;
  • the apparatus 140 is preferably a router of a per se known type, as commonly used for wireless communication networks (WiFi) in indoor or outdoor environments, such as offices, houses, streets, etc.
  • WiFi wireless communication networks
  • the management centre 150 can connect to the telecommunications network R to remotely transmit the data about the operation of the apparatus 1 to a waste collection management centre 150; the management centre 150 supervises the management of the collection in one or more areas, which may be the districts of a city, or the towns in a region, or even distinct cities.
  • the management centre 150 comprises a number of electronic computers 151 (servers) that process the information coming from the plurality of apparatuses 1 installed at the various points of utilization U: in this way it is possible to know in real time the situation as concerns the waste that is present in houses, districts, streets, etc., so as to be able to decide if and how it should be collected and transported to the disposal facilities.
  • the apparatus 1 determines the quantity of waste actually collected therein by means of a meter-type system.
  • the control system for providing information for validating the weight reading made by the load cells and for computing the quantities of processed waste.
  • said control system comprises a tachometer 112 for counting the revolutions of the rotors 51, 52, connected to the control unit 130 to provide the revolution speed of the rotors as the latter are grinding the waste that will then fall into the containers 110, 111.
  • the tachometer may consist of any device suitable for this purpose, e.g. an optical or contact-based tachometer (such as those commercially available, for example, from Italian manufacturer Masautomazione, but they can be easily found with a simple search on the Internet), or a mechanical tachometer, or even an optical or magnetic encoder.
  • an optical or contact-based tachometer such as those commercially available, for example, from Italian manufacturer Masautomazione, but they can be easily found with a simple search on the Internet
  • a mechanical tachometer or even an optical or magnetic encoder.
  • the apparatus is preferably equipped with an audible and/or visual alarm (e.g. an audible signal and/or a warning lamp), or with other appropriate means operationally connected thereto.
  • an audible and/or visual alarm e.g. an audible signal and/or a warning lamp
  • it is preferably also equipped with a sensor 113 for sensing the drive torque absorbed by the rotors 51, 52.
  • the torque sensor 113 may be a physical one, i.e. a sensor detecting the dynamic torque in the presence of rotation, which requires the transmission of signals from a rotary part, also referred to as rotor, to a static part, referred to as stator.
  • This transmission may be contact-based, via classical collectors with sliding contacts, or contactless, based on the rotary transformer principle, or telemetric, based on the inductive principle, or radio- telemetric, via transmission in radio waves.
  • the torque sensor 113 may be virtual or electronic, i.e. in the form of a circuit and/or a program installed in the control unit 130, which determines the drive torque of the rotors 51, 52 as a function of the current drawn by the associated motor 60.
  • the power supply of the motor is in signal communication with the control unit 130.
  • the control unit is, de facto, an electronic computer that comprises the following components.
  • Processing means 211 e.g. one or more CPUs, which control the operation of the apparatus 1 and its components, i.e. the rotors 51, 52, the diverter device 72 and the safety device 90, as well as all the various sensors, the load cells 110, 111, the electric motors 60, the telecommunication means 131, etc., preferably in a programmable manner.
  • the control unit 130 further comprises memory means 212, preferably a Flash and/or magnetic and/or RAM memory and/or the like, in signal communication with the control and processing means 211, wherein said memory means 212 store at least instructions that can be read by the control and processing means 211 when the apparatus 1 is in an operating condition, and that preferably implement the method according to the invention.
  • memory means 212 preferably a Flash and/or magnetic and/or RAM memory and/or the like, in signal communication with the control and processing means 211, wherein said memory means 212 store at least instructions that can be read by the control and processing means 211 when the apparatus 1 is in an operating condition, and that preferably implement the method according to the invention.
  • IEEE 802.3 also known as Ethernet
  • IEEE 802.11 also known as WiFi
  • 802.16 also known as WiMax
  • the control unit 130 further comprises input/output means (I/O) 214 that can be used, for example, for connecting the apparatus 1 and the control unit 130 to peripherals or other devices such as, for example, a touchscreen, external mass storage units, a display, and the like.
  • I/O input/output means
  • a communication bus 217 allows the exchange of information among the control and processing means 211, the memory means 212, the communication means 213 and the input/output means 214.
  • control and processing means 211, the memory means 212, the communication means 213 and the input/output means 214 can be connected by means of a star architecture.
  • the above-described apparatus 1 operates as follows.
  • the waste consists of sheets of paper, cardboard or the like
  • it is introduced into the slot 21 in the upper part of the body 20
  • plastic bottles, flacons and the like are introduced through the lateral mouth 25; in the former case, the sheets go down by gravity into the grinding chamber 45, facilitated by the inclined draft surface 22, whereas in the latter case introduction is effected by pressing the knob 99 that opens the shutter diaphragm 92.
  • a first differentiation is thus already achieved, which will make it easier for the user to handle the waste.
  • the apparatus 1 is turned on; to this end, different options are available, depending on the solution chosen for the machine.
  • a first option is manual operation, i.e. controlled by the user; in this case, the machine will carry out a grinding cycle of variable duration, until the user presses a control button (not shown in the drawings), or of predefined duration (e.g. 30 seconds, 1 minute, etc.), as a function of the quantity of waste to be processed; for this purpose, a control may be provided (e.g. a knob-type or button-type timer) similar to those employed in several household appliances, in which different operating cycles are carried out as a function of the quantity and/or type of load.
  • Another option is an automatic and/or programmed apparatus 1; it will automatically grind the waste after it has been loaded, according to the work program stored in the control unit 130.
  • the motor 60 will drive the rotors 51, 52 by following a work program, which may include variable times and speeds; in practice, as in a normal household appliance (e.g. a washing machine or a kitchen robot), a work program is selected and the apparatus 1 will execute it.
  • a work program which may include variable times and speeds; in practice, as in a normal household appliance (e.g. a washing machine or a kitchen robot), a work program is selected and the apparatus 1 will execute it.
  • the memory 212 of the control unit 130 stores one or more programs, the duration of which is predetermined or can be set by the user as required; for example, a longer work cycle for larger quantities or stronger materials (e.g. plastic or thick cardboard).
  • a further option available is an intermediate one between the two previously mentioned, i.e. the fully manual and fully automatic ones; in this case, a solution may be provided wherein a user can choose among different work cycles proposed by the machine depending on whether paper, plastic or other materials are to be collected.
  • the material ground by the rotors 51, 52 reaches the downstream hopper 70 and is then directed by the diverter 72 towards either one of the containers 10, 11 arranged in the base of the apparatus 1, depending on the waste to be separated.
  • the separate waste containers 10, 11 may also be in a different (greater or smaller) number than the two considered in this example.
  • the load cells 110, 111 detect the variation in the weight of the respective containers 10, 11 and communicate it to the control unit 130, which will store the received data.
  • the control unit 130 also verifies that the weight variation detected in the containers 10, 11 is chronologically coherent with the activation of the rotors 51, 52; in other words, that there is substantial simultaneity between the operation of the rotors 51, 52, driven by the motor 60, and the increase in weight.
  • the detected data will not be validated until a malfunction is ascertained or anyway an anomaly in the process of reducing the waste into particles is signalled.
  • each one of such apparatuses 1 provides the management centre 150 with real- time data about its own operation, thus allowing for real-time control over the progress of waste collection. For this reason, each collection apparatus 1 transmits, via Bluetooth ® or Wi-Fi protocol or SIM card, the quantity collected of a given type of waste (plastic, paper, glass, aluminium, etc.).
  • the collection apparatus 1 by grinding the waste and reducing it into granular or anyway particle-like form, allows for a significant reduction in the size of the materials to be picked up by the collection and transportation service 151, and this is advantageous both for the user U, since the ground material can be kept in the apparatus 1 for a longer time, and for the collection service 151, since the weight of the transported material will be optimized with respect to its volume, resulting in clear economical benefits.
  • the management centre 150 has all the data necessary to send instructions to the collection service 151 for picking up the waste collected at the points of utilization U and transporting it to the disposal facilities.
  • the possibility of communicating with the management centre 150 via the mobile telecommunications terminal 55 also allows customizing the collection service; in fact, through the mobile terminal it is possible to directly ask the management centre 150 to have the waste collected by the collection service 151 on a given day and at a given time according to particular needs or requirements.
  • a predefined waste level is exceeded at a point of utilization U, e.g. a house, a jointly-owned building or a street, it is possible to request the intervention of the collection service 151.
  • the latter is preferably operatively connected to the management centre 150 via the telecommunications network R, so that the request from the point of utilization U can be coordinated with other information necessary or useful for this purpose, i.e.: location of the point of utilization U, date and time of collection, type and quantity of waste to be disposed of, etc.
  • the method of separate waste collection management according to the invention allows controlling the service in all phases thereof, thereby optimizing at best the resources and their use, whether means or personnel.
  • the management system of the invention allows applying to waste collection the same consumption-based principles typically applied to other domestic services, such as gas, power, heating, etc.
  • the apparatus 1 of the invention it is possible to precisely calculate consumptions on the basis of the actual, as opposed to estimated, production of waste, resulting in clear advantages for both the users and the collection service providers, i.e. public administrations or private companies.
  • the latter can advantageously organize and plan the collection service on the basis of estimates of future waste production, based on a historical analysis of the data generated at each point of utilization U and/or statistics processed from such data.
  • the information communicated from the apparatuses 1 to the management centre 150 include the type (plastic, paper, glass, aluminium, etc.) and the quantity (in weight) of the material separated in each apparatus 1; furthermore, according to the case, additional data may be provided as well, such as the time trend of the waste at one point of utilization, the position of the latter, and so on.
  • the latter Based on the data transmitted from the apparatuses 1 to the management centre 150, the latter can get a full picture of the situation and process the instructions required by the waste collection and transportation service 151.
  • said service 151 is entrusted to public or private organizations that, by using vans, trucks or other suitable means of transport, pick up the differentiated waste at the collection areas of the points of utilization U and transport it to disposal facilities.
  • the choice of the most suitable means of transport is preferably dictated by the information processed by the management centre 150, which, as aforesaid, has a full picture of the situation in real time and can determine, based on the quantities to be collected, which means of transport is most appropriate (i.e. bigger or smaller).
  • control unit 130 of the separate collection apparatuses 1 can transmit the data about the waste also to a mobile telecommunications terminal 155; the latter may advantageously be a smartphone or a portable device such as a tablet.
  • communication of the data from the control unit 130 to the mobile terminal 155 occurs via the Bluetooth protocol; the mobile terminal 155 will send the data to the telecommunications network R, thus proceeding as already explained in regard to the use of the router 140 or the SIM card 133.
  • the mobile terminal 155 is preferably equipped with a program (a software application, or "app") that allows a user to send the data received from the collection apparatus 1 via the Bluetooth protocol to the management centre 150 over the telecommunications network R.
  • a program a software application, or "app”
  • the material collected in the containers 10, 11 consists of small crumbled particles, the size of which may vary and is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 mm; the particles may be granular, lamellar, chip-like or pulverulent particles, or the like, depending on the starting material (plastic, more or less thick, paper, cardboard, etc.) and also on the rotors 51, 52, the toothings of which may differ according to specific requirements.
  • the toothed disks 53, 54 of the rotors 51, 52 may be configured differently from those shown in the drawings, and may also be assembled as a pack to form the rotors, for example, at a longer or shorter mutual distance; in such a case, also the spacer rings 59 will have a different thickness.
  • the grinding of the material effected by means of the apparatus of the invention allows reducing the volume of the collected waste; in fact, as explained at the beginning of this specification, containers and bottles made of plastic, paper and other materials have a non-negligible volume that can be drastically reduced by breaking up and grinding them into small particles.
  • the containers 10, 11 can contain a much greater quantity in weight of differentiated waste than if they were filled with waste not subjected to grinding.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de ramassage des déchets, les déchets étant réduits, au niveau de points d'utilisateur (U) domestiques, sensiblement en forme de particules, de copeaux ou de grains, ou autres, puis pesés. Le procédé permet de compter les quantités de déchets produits par chaque utilisateur, de générer des données sur le poids et/ou le type de déchets produits et de les transmettre à distance par l'intermédiaire du réseau de télécommunications (R). L'invention concerne un appareil (1) conçu pour mettre en œuvre ledit procédé.
PCT/IB2017/058425 2017-01-16 2017-12-27 Procédé et appareil de ramassage et de détermination de déchets WO2018130901A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT102017000003956A IT201700003956A1 (it) 2017-01-16 2017-01-16 Apparecchiatura per la frantumazione e raccolta differenziata di rifiuti domestici
IT102017000003956 2017-01-16
IT201700135839 2017-11-27
IT102017000135839 2017-11-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018130901A1 true WO2018130901A1 (fr) 2018-07-19

Family

ID=61022387

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2017/058425 WO2018130901A1 (fr) 2017-01-16 2017-12-27 Procédé et appareil de ramassage et de détermination de déchets

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2018130901A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110286632A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2019-09-27 合肥工业大学 一种可再生资源回收控制装置及方法
CN113003041A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-22 李继舜 一种智能的垃圾处理方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5921372A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-07-13 Environmental Products Corporation Multiple chambered container compaction assembly with diverter
US20050072870A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Amos Mfg., Inc. Shredding machine
WO2013089649A1 (fr) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Janko Cerar Procédé et équipement pour la collecte et la séparation contrôlées des déchets municipaux
WO2013086553A2 (fr) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Griesser Karl Dispositif destiné à broyer des ordures ménagères solides et sensiblement sèches
US20130278067A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2013-10-24 James Andrew Poss Electrically-powered programmable waste enclosure

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5921372A (en) * 1997-05-02 1999-07-13 Environmental Products Corporation Multiple chambered container compaction assembly with diverter
US20050072870A1 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-07 Amos Mfg., Inc. Shredding machine
US20130278067A1 (en) * 2010-07-28 2013-10-24 James Andrew Poss Electrically-powered programmable waste enclosure
WO2013086553A2 (fr) * 2011-12-13 2013-06-20 Griesser Karl Dispositif destiné à broyer des ordures ménagères solides et sensiblement sèches
WO2013089649A1 (fr) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Janko Cerar Procédé et équipement pour la collecte et la séparation contrôlées des déchets municipaux

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110286632A (zh) * 2019-08-02 2019-09-27 合肥工业大学 一种可再生资源回收控制装置及方法
CN113003041A (zh) * 2021-03-05 2021-06-22 李继舜 一种智能的垃圾处理方法
CN113003041B (zh) * 2021-03-05 2022-05-03 深圳市友和环境科技有限公司 一种智能的垃圾处理方法

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3789319B1 (fr) Système à ia intégré pour optimiser la gestion des déchets par robot autoguidé
CN107444800A (zh) 一种可回收饮料瓶的智能分类装置
WO2018130901A1 (fr) Procédé et appareil de ramassage et de détermination de déchets
KR200463876Y1 (ko) 음식물 쓰레기 수거기의 호퍼장치
CN102319676A (zh) 城市生活垃圾破袋分选一体化设备
CN104875992B (zh) 商场一体化智能垃圾桶
US20090029841A1 (en) Glassware Breaking Apparatus
CN205771183U (zh) 一种智能瓶类分类回收机
KR100854117B1 (ko) 음식물 쓰레기 종량제 수거장치
WO2013089649A1 (fr) Procédé et équipement pour la collecte et la séparation contrôlées des déchets municipaux
CA2683530C (fr) Appareil de traitement de materiaux usages
CN105857992A (zh) 一种智能瓶类分类回收机
KR101457630B1 (ko) 종량제 음식물 쓰레기 수거기
WO2011084078A1 (fr) Procédé et machine de tri sélectif, de traitement et d'ensachage de déchets solides urbains, ménagers ou industriels recyclables et indifférenciés
KR100962713B1 (ko) 패트병과 캔 처리장치를 가진 크린하우스
KR100990456B1 (ko) Ｒｆｉｄ를 이용한 생활쓰레기 수거방법
KR100973249B1 (ko) 전자결제식 쓰레기수거장치
CN207857729U (zh) 电缆预制线自动裁线设备
KR101020241B1 (ko) 종량제 음식물쓰레기 수거장치 및 수거통 덮개장치
KR20180082869A (ko) 음식물 쓰레기 자동 수거장치
JPH082611A (ja) 住居密集建物の廃棄物自動分離回収及び計量装置
CN204737263U (zh) 商场一体化智能垃圾桶
CN204087324U (zh) 一种高速点币机
JP6087718B2 (ja) 回収装置
JP2007313559A (ja) 飲料用アルミ缶・スチール缶・ペットボトル自動選別小型減容機

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 17833005

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

32PN Ep: public notification in the ep bulletin as address of the adressee cannot be established

Free format text: NOTING OF LOSS OF RIGHTS PURSUANT TO RULE 112(1) EPC (EPO FORM 1205A DATED 11.10.2019)

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 17833005

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1