WO2018126572A1 - 一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置 - Google Patents

一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置 Download PDF

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WO2018126572A1
WO2018126572A1 PCT/CN2017/082986 CN2017082986W WO2018126572A1 WO 2018126572 A1 WO2018126572 A1 WO 2018126572A1 CN 2017082986 W CN2017082986 W CN 2017082986W WO 2018126572 A1 WO2018126572 A1 WO 2018126572A1
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power generation
thermal conductivity
heat
high thermal
fire
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French (fr)
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仲晓星
汤研
张新浩
李光宇
王德明
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators

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  • the invention relates to a coal mine fire extinguishing and drilling internal embedded direct power generating device, belonging to the field of thermoelectric conversion equipment.
  • Coal field fire refers to the phenomenon that large-area coal combustion occurs when underground coal seams are ignited by natural or human factors and gradually develop along the coal seam into large-scale coal damage caused by coal resources and the surrounding environment.
  • the coal field fire area has a large burning area and high temperature. There is also huge heat in the fire area. About 1 billion tons of coal is burnt down by underground coal fire every year, accounting for 12.5% of the total coal consumption, generating about 1000 GW of energy. , equivalent to 2.5 times the total energy produced by 500 nuclear power plants around the world.
  • the patent document disclosed in CN106026778A discloses a system and method for the sustainable utilization of coal energy in the fire area of coal field and coal fire control, including: embedding horizontal steel pipe in the fire area of the coal field
  • the heat carrier is used to extract the heat energy of the fire zone to the ground, and then the heat energy contained in the heat carrier is converted by the thermoelectric power generation module.
  • the system and method first extracts the heat of the fire zone outside the fire zone, and then performs thermoelectric conversion of the extracted heat. It is impossible to realize the thermoelectric conversion of the heat in the fire zone directly inside the fire zone.
  • thermoelectric power generation module Since the heat energy of the fire zone in the system reaches the thermoelectric power generation module, the heat transfer of the coal rock and the steel pipe, the heat conduction of the steel pipe wall and the heat carrier, and the heat carrier are required.
  • the convective heat transfer, the heat carrier and the heat transfer of the thermoelectric module, the heat transfer process involved is numerous, which greatly increases the heat loss, especially the heat transfer between the heat carrier and the steel pipe wall and the flow of the heat carrier in the pipeline.
  • the thermal process will result in a large degree of loss and loss of the extracted heat energy, resulting in low heat utilization rate in the fire zone.
  • the horizontal drilling needs to complete the drilling guide hole-reaming-drag-laying pipe and other processes, and the construction process is carried out in the high-temperature formation. It is difficult, the engineering quantity is large, and the pipeline is difficult to recycle and reuse, and the use cost is high.
  • the thermal power generation in the fire zone is less suitable.
  • the present invention provides an in-line direct power generation device for fire extinguishing and drilling of a coal field fire area, which has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient use and maintenance, and reusability, and can realize coal field fire.
  • Direct power generation in the borehole of the area greatly simplifies the heat transfer process, improves the utilization of thermal energy, and at the same time reduces the temperature of the fire zone and achieves the purpose of controlling the fire zone.
  • In-line direct power generation device for fire extinguishing and drilling of coal field fire area including high heat conduction vacuum tube, thermoelectric power generation module, energy storage battery, high thermal conductivity cylindrical shell, high thermal conductivity filling body, heat dissipating fin and fire extinguishing hole, and temperature difference power generation
  • the number of modules is not less than four;
  • the high-heat-conducting cylindrical shell is disposed in a vertical fire-extinguishing borehole in a coal field fire zone, the upper end opening is flush with the top of the fire-extinguishing borehole and the bottom is closed;
  • the thermoelectric power generation module has a rectangular plate shape and is vertically disposed at a height
  • the heat-conducting cylindrical shell is filled with a refrigerant medium, and the high-heat-conducting vacuum tube, the heat-dissipating fin and the refrigerant medium constitute a cooling module;
  • the high-heat-conducting vacuum tube is disposed in the positive prism chamber surrounded by the thermoelectric power generation module, and
  • the cooling chamber of the cooling module is formed by the positive prism chamber enclosed by the thermoelectric power generation module;
  • the upper end of the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube extends to the outside of the high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing to form a cooling section of the cooling module, and the heat dissipating section of the cooling module is provided with
  • the portion of the thermoelectric power generation module that is tangent to the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube is a cold end, and the heat is transferred to the surface through evaporation of the refrigerant medium in the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube, and the heat dissipating fin increases the heat exchange between the refrigerant medium vapor and the external environment.
  • the area is accelerated to dissipate heat so that the steam is quickly condensed and returned to the cooling section of the cooling module.
  • the circulation of the refrigerant medium can continuously transfer the heat in the area around the high heat conduction vacuum tube to the surface, so that the temperature difference power generation module in contact with the high heat conduction vacuum tube is cold. The end is maintained at a lower temperature.
  • thermoelectric power generation module in contact with the inner wall of the high thermal conductivity cylindrical casing is a hot end, and the heat of the coal field fire zone is efficiently conducted to the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module through the high thermal conductivity cylindrical casing and the high thermal conductivity filling body, and the heat transfer distance is short. Moreover, the thermal resistance is small, so that the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric power generation module maintain a large temperature difference, thereby achieving high power generation efficiency.
  • the refrigerant working medium is distilled water, and maintains a liquid state in a high heat conduction vacuum tube at a normal temperature, and the boiling point of the tube is lowered due to the negative pressure in the tube, the heat is easily evaporated, and the latent heat of evaporation is large, the heat energy can be efficiently carried, and the non-flammable and explosive are safe.
  • Environmentally friendly, low cost, and the liquid filling rate in the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube is 20%-25%, which can efficiently transfer heat.
  • the high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing has a diameter of 73-127 mm.
  • the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube and the heat dissipating fin are made of metal copper, and the heat dissipating fin adopts a winding type, has strong heat conduction capability, is not easy to be corroded and damaged, and has a long service life.
  • the wire is a flexible fireproof cable.
  • the inner wall of the high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing is provided with a high temperature resistant thermocouple, and the power generating device can be taken out when the thermocouple shows a temperature of less than 50 °C.
  • the present invention provides a coal mine fire zone fire-extinguishing bore-in-line direct power generation device, which has the following advantages over the prior art: 1. Simple structure, low cost, convenient use and maintenance, flexible mobile installation, and operation Safe and reliable, avoiding the problem of building a water supply system or erecting a power supply circuit; 2. The device can be taken out and reused when the heat extraction in the fire area is exhausted, which greatly reduces the cost, is safe and environmentally friendly, and has wide practicality; The heat transfer process in the coal field fire area effectively improves the heat energy utilization rate, effectively reduces the temperature of the fire zone, and achieves the purpose of controlling the fire zone; 4. Realizing direct power generation in the borehole of the coal field fire zone, by maintaining the temperature difference power generation module The large temperature difference between the hot and cold ends enables efficient power generation and good universality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic overall structural view of an embodiment of the present invention
  • the figure includes: 1, high thermal conductivity vacuum tube, 2, thermoelectric power generation module, 3, energy storage battery, 4, high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing, 5, high thermal conductivity filling body, 6, heat dissipation fins, 7, cooling module heat dissipation section, 8, cooling module refrigeration section, 9, refrigerant working fluid, 10, coalfield fire zone high temperature zone, 11, fire drilling.
  • Figure 1 shows a coal mine fire zone borehole in-line direct power generation device, which is characterized in that it comprises a high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1, a thermoelectric power generation module 2, an energy storage battery 3, a high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing 4, and a high thermal conductivity filling.
  • thermoelectric power generation module 2 has a rectangular plate shape.
  • the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 stores a refrigerant medium 9, and the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1, the heat dissipating fins 6 and the refrigerant medium 9 constitute a cooling module;
  • the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 is disposed Cooling module cooling is formed in the positive prism cavity enclosed by the thermoelectric power generation module 2 and in the positive prism cavity enclosed by the thermoelectric power generation module 2 Section 8; the upper end of the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 extends to the outside of the high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing 4 to form a cooling module heat dissipating section 7, and the cooling module heat dissipating section 7 is provided with heat dissipating fins 6 along the circumferential direction thereof; the inner wall of the high thermal conductivity cylindrical housing 4 is The positive prism chamber enclosed by the thermoelectric power generation module 2 is externally connected, and the gap between the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 and the thermoelectric power generation module 2, the temperature difference power generation module 2 and the high thermal conductivity cylindrical
  • the refrigerant working medium 9 is distilled water, which is safe, environmentally friendly and low in cost, can carry heat energy efficiently, and has a liquid filling rate of 24% in the high heat conduction vacuum tube, and can efficiently transfer heat;
  • the high heat conductive cylindrical shell The height of the body 4 is 80 mm;
  • the high heat conduction vacuum tube 1 and the heat dissipating fins 6 are all made of metal copper, and the heat dissipating fins 6 are wound;
  • the wires are flexible fireproof cables;
  • a high temperature thermocouple is attached to the inner wall.
  • a vertical fire-extinguishing hole 11 is set up in the high-temperature zone 10 of the coalfield fire zone, and the power-generating device is arranged in the fire-extinguishing hole 11; the high-temperature zone of the coal field fire zone contains high thermal energy, and the heat passes through the high-heat-conducting cylindrical shell. 4.
  • the high thermal conductive filling body 5 is conducted to the hot end of the thermoelectric power generation module 2, and the refrigerant working medium 9 in the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 rapidly extracts the heat around the cooling section 8 of the high thermal conductivity cooling module by evaporation and transmits it to the surface, and utilizes the cooling section of the cooling module.
  • thermoelectric power generation module 2 in contact with the high thermal conductivity vacuum tube 1 is maintained at a lower temperature. Therefore, the cold and hot ends of the thermoelectric power generation module 2 will maintain a large temperature difference, and the thermal energy can be continuously and efficiently converted into electric energy. .
  • the power generator can be taken out when the thermocouple shows a temperature of less than 50 ° C and reused in other high temperature areas of the coal field fire zone.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，包括：高导热真空管、散热翅片及冷媒工质构成冷却模块，冷媒工质存储于高导热真空管中；高导热真空管设置于温差发电模块所围成的正棱柱腔体内并与该腔体内切形成冷却模块制冷段；高导热真空管上端延伸至高导热圆柱壳体外形成冷却模块散热段，冷却模块散热段上附有散热翅片；高导热圆柱壳体与温差发电模块所围成的正棱柱腔体外接，且高导热真空管与温差发电模块之间、温差发电模块与高导热圆柱壳体之间的间隙由高导热填充体填充；温差发电模块与储能电池通过导线相连。本发明结构简单，可重复使用，能够实现钻孔内直接发电，提高火区热电转换率，同时能够降低火区温度，治理火区。

Description

一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，属于热电转换设备领域。
背景技术
煤田火灾是指地下煤层因自然或人为因素发火后，沿着煤层逐步发展成对煤炭资源和周围环境造成较大危害的大面积煤燃烧现象。煤田火区燃烧面积大、温度高，火区中也蕴藏着巨大的热量，全世界每年约有10亿吨煤炭被地下煤火烧毁，约占煤总消耗量的12.5％，产生约1000GW的能量，相当于全球500个核电站所产能量总和的2.5倍。
为提取煤田火区热能并将其转换为电能加以利用，公开号为CN106026778A的专利文件公开了一种煤田火区热能可持续利用与煤火治理系统及方法，包括：在煤田火区埋设水平钢管并通以热载体将火区热能提取至地面，然后再通过温差发电模块转换热载体所含热能。该系统和方法是先将火区热量提取到火区外，然后再对提取的热量进行热电转换。无法实现直接在火区内部将火区的热量进行热电转换，由于该系统中火区热能到达温差发电模块进行发电需经过煤岩与钢管的传热、钢管管壁与热载体的导热、热载体的对流换热、热载体与温差发电模块的传热等过程，所涉及的传热过程繁多，大大增加了热量损失，尤其是热载体与钢管管壁的导热以及热载体在管路的流动换热过程将导致所提取热能较大程度上的散失和损耗，导致火区热能利用率低。同时水平钻孔需完成钻导向孔-扩孔-拖拉铺设管材等过程，且施工过程均在高温地层中进行，难度大，工程量大，而且管路难以回收重复利用，使用成本高，对煤田火区热能发电适用性较低。
当前在煤田火区的治理过程中广泛采用竖直钻孔开展注浆等灭火工作，若利用火区现有的灭火钻孔并在其中进行直接热电转换可极大地降低成本、减小热损失量，提高火区热能的发电效率，但采用竖直钻孔发电面临以下难题：1、煤田火区多处于偏远的野外地区，供水供电困难，传统发电技术利用大量水在钻孔内循环采热并将含热水体运输至地表，再通过地表设置的热电转换站发电，该发电模式将面临水资源短缺和设备电力供应难的问题；2、灭火钻孔内空间小，发电装置需满足小空间高效发电的需求，当前尚未有相关的装置和方法可实现在灭火钻孔空间内的直接发电。
因此，本领域技术人员致力于开发一种操作简便、成本低、热利用率高、可重复使用的煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，能够实现煤田火区无外部供水供电条件下 灭火钻孔内的直接发电，从而实现火区热能的高效转换及煤火治理。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，具有结构简单、使用及维护方便、可重复使用等特点，能够实现煤田火区钻孔内的直接发电，大大简化传热过程，提高热能利用率，同时能够降低火区温度，达到治理火区的目的。
技术方案：为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案为：
一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，包括高导热真空管、温差发电模块、储能电池、高导热圆柱壳体、高导热填充体、散热翅片以及灭火钻孔，且温差发电模块的数量不少于四个；
其中，所述高导热圆柱壳体设置于煤田火区的竖直灭火钻孔内，其上端开口与灭火钻孔的顶部持平且底部封闭；温差发电模块呈长方形板状，且竖直设置于高导热圆柱壳体内；高导热真空管内存储有冷媒工质，且高导热真空管、散热翅片及冷媒工质构成冷却模块；高导热真空管设置于温差发电模块所围成的正棱柱腔体内，并与温差发电模块所围成的正棱柱腔体内切形成冷却模块制冷段；高导热真空管的上端延伸至高导热圆柱壳体外形成冷却模块散热段，冷却模块散热段上沿其圆周方向设置有散热翅片；高导热圆柱壳体的内壁与温差发电模块所围成的正棱柱腔体外接，且高导热真空管与温差发电模块之间、温差发电模块与高导热圆柱壳体之间的间隙由高导热填充体填充；温差发电模块与地表设置的储能电池通过导线相连。
本发明中，温差发电模块与高导热真空管相切的部位为冷端，通过高导热真空管内冷媒工质的蒸发将热量传到地表，散热翅片增加了冷媒工质蒸汽与外界环境的换热面积，加快散热使蒸汽迅速冷凝而重回冷却模块制冷段，通过冷媒工质的循环可将高导热真空管周边区域的热量持续传至地表，从而使与高导热真空管相接触的温差发电模块的冷端维持在较低的温度。温差发电模块与高导热圆柱壳体的内壁相接触的端部为热端，煤田火区的热量通过高导热圆柱壳体和高导热填充体高效传导至温差发电模块的热端，传热距离短且热阻小，从而使温差发电模块的冷、热端维持较大温差，实现较高的发电效率。
优选的，所述冷媒工质为蒸馏水，常温下在高导热真空管中保持液态，由于管内负压使其沸点降低，受热易蒸发，且蒸发潜热大，可高效携带热能，不易燃易爆，安全环保，成本较低，且在高导热真空管内的充液率为20％-25％，可高效传热。
优选的，所述高导热圆柱壳体的直径在73-127mm内。
优选的，所述高导热真空管及散热翅片均由金属铜制成，且散热翅片采用绕片式，热传导能力强，且不易于被腐蚀和破损，使用年限长。
优选的，为了保证导电安全，所述导线为柔性防火电缆。
优选的，所述高导热圆柱壳体内壁附有耐高温热电偶，当热电偶显示温度小于50℃时可取出该发电装置。
有益效果：本发明提供的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，相对于现有技术，具有以下优点：1、结构简单，成本较低，使用维护方便，移动安装灵活，运行安全可靠，避免了建设供水系统或架设供电电路的难题；2、可在火区热量提取殆尽时取出该装置并重复使用，大幅降低成本，安全环保，具有广泛的实用性；3、大大简化了煤田火区的传热过程，有效提高了热能利用率，同时有效降低了火区温度，达到治理火区的目的；4、实现了煤田火区钻孔内的直接发电，通过保持温差发电模块冷热端的较大温差实现了高效发电，具有良好的普适性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的整体结构示意图；
图中包括：1、高导热真空管，2、温差发电模块，3、储能电池，4、高导热圆柱壳体，5、高导热填充体，6、散热翅片，7、冷却模块散热段，8、冷却模块制冷段，9、冷媒工质，10、煤田火区高温区，11、灭火钻孔。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作更进一步的说明。
如图1所示为一种煤田火区钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，包括高导热真空管1、温差发电模块2、储能电池3、高导热圆柱壳体4、高导热填充体5、散热翅片6以及灭火钻孔11，且温差发电模块2的数量不少于四个；
其中，所述高导热圆柱壳体4设置于煤田火区高温区10的竖直灭火钻孔11内，其上端开口与灭火钻孔11的顶部持平且底部封闭；温差发电模块2呈长方形板状，且竖直设置于高导热圆柱壳体4内；高导热真空管1内存储有冷媒工质9，且高导热真空管1、散热翅片6及冷媒工质9构成冷却模块；高导热真空管1设置于温差发电模块2所围成的正棱柱腔体内，并与温差发电模块2所围成的正棱柱腔体内切形成冷却模块制冷 段8；高导热真空管1的上端延伸至高导热圆柱壳体4外形成冷却模块散热段7，冷却模块散热段7上沿其圆周方向设置有散热翅片6；高导热圆柱壳体4的内壁与温差发电模块2所围成的正棱柱腔体外接，且高导热真空管1与温差发电模块2之间、温差发电模块2与高导热圆柱壳体4之间的间隙由高导热填充体5填充；温差发电模块2与地表设置的储能电池3通过导线相连。
本实施例中，所述冷媒工质9为蒸馏水，安全环保且成本低，可高效携带热能，且在高导热真空管内的充液率为24％，可高效传热；所述高导热圆柱壳体4的直径为80mm；所述高导热真空管1及散热翅片6均由金属铜制成，散热翅片6采用绕片式；所述导线为柔性防火电缆；所述高导热圆柱壳体4的内壁附有耐高温热电偶。
本发明的具体实施方式如下：
首先在煤田火区高温区10施工开设竖直灭火钻孔11，在灭火钻孔11内布置该发电装置；煤田火区高温区10煤岩体中含有较高热能，热量通过高导热圆柱壳体4、高导热填充体5传导至温差发电模块2的热端，高导热真空管1内冷媒工质9通过蒸发迅速提取高导热冷却模块制冷段8周围的热量并传到地表，利用冷却模块散热段7上的散热翅片6将蒸汽冷却降温并冷凝为液态工质9重新流回冷却模块制冷段8，通过冷媒工质9的蒸发冷凝循环可将高导热真空管1周边区域的热量持续传至地表，从而使与高导热真空管1相接触的温差发电模块2的冷端维持在较低的温度，因此，温差发电模块2的冷、热端将维持较大温差，热能便可持续高效转换为电能。使用一段时间后，当热电偶显示温度小于50℃时可取出该发电装置，并在煤田火区其它高温区域重复使用。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，包括高导热真空管(1)、温差发电模块(2)、储能电池(3)、高导热圆柱壳体(4)、高导热填充体(5)、散热翅片(6)以及灭火钻孔(11)，且温差发电模块(2)的数量不少于四个；
    其中，所述高导热圆柱壳体(4)设置于煤田火区高温区(10)的竖直灭火钻孔(11)内，其上端开口与灭火钻孔(11)的顶部持平且底部封闭；温差发电模块(2)呈长方形板状，且竖直设置于高导热圆柱壳体(4)内；高导热真空管(1)内存储有冷媒工质(9)，且高导热真空管(1)、散热翅片(6)及冷媒工质(9)构成冷却模块；高导热真空管(1)设置于温差发电模块(2)所围成的正棱柱腔体内，并与温差发电模块(2)所围成的正棱柱腔体内切形成冷却模块制冷段(8)；高导热真空管(1)的上端延伸至高导热圆柱壳体(4)外形成冷却模块散热段(7)，冷却模块散热段(7)上沿其圆周方向设置有散热翅片(6)；高导热圆柱壳体(4)的内壁与温差发电模块(2)所围成的正棱柱腔体外接，高导热真空管(1)与温差发电模块(2)之间、温差发电模块(2)与高导热圆柱壳体(4)之间的间隙由高导热填充体(5)填充；温差发电模块(2)与地表设置的储能电池(3)通过导线相连。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，所述冷媒工质(9)为蒸馏水，且在高导热真空管(1)内的充液率为20％-25％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，所述高导热圆柱壳体(4)的直径在73-127mm内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，所述高导热真空管(1)及散热翅片(6)均由金属铜制成，且散热翅片(6)采用绕片式。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，所述导线为柔性防火电缆。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种煤田火区灭火钻孔内嵌式直接发电装置，其特征在于，所述高导热圆柱壳体(4)的内壁附有耐高温热电偶。
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