WO2018124875A1 - A grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (pv/t) panel with nanofluids - Google Patents
A grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (pv/t) panel with nanofluids Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018124875A1 WO2018124875A1 PCT/MY2017/050086 MY2017050086W WO2018124875A1 WO 2018124875 A1 WO2018124875 A1 WO 2018124875A1 MY 2017050086 W MY2017050086 W MY 2017050086W WO 2018124875 A1 WO2018124875 A1 WO 2018124875A1
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- temperature sensor
- electrically connected
- controller
- absorber
- grid
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/30—Thermophotovoltaic systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to grid connected PV/T nanofiuids providing hot water and electricity at the same time with high energy production compare with grid connected PV only.
- a grid-connected system comprises of PV moduies and an inverter.
- the inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by the PV modules into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is synchronized with the main electrical source so that excess electricity will be fed into the grid.
- DC direct current
- AC alternating current
- PVT Photovoltaic Thermal system
- a Chinese patent (CN2G3813717U) modeled discloses a nano ⁇ fluids ⁇ based graphite micro-channel cooling type solar photovoltaic photothermai system.
- the power out from the patent is very low because the application for the ceil only with micro-channel.
- a grid connected PVT need to use in the large cycle in the Chinese patent (CN203813717U) doesn't used as iarge cycle and the nanofiuid type had low properties and doesn't improve to the optimum PVT efficiency.
- the photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors consist of specifically designed rectangular tube absorber with a height of 15 mm and a width of 25 mm : and attached under the photovoiiaic modules.
- a grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluids comprising:
- a circulation pump 6 electrically connected to said controller 7;
- said water tank with a condenser 19 further comprising a first temperature sensor
- said first temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller 7;
- an absorber 2 having an inlet and an outlet
- said second temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller 7; a photovoltaic module 1 attached to said absorber 2;
- a nanofiuid tank 18 connected to said water tank 19 and said circulation pump 6;
- an inverter 16 electrically connected to said photovoiiaic module 1 ;
- a surge protection device (SPD) 17 electrically connected to said inverter 16 and said circulation pump 6; characterized in that said absorber 2 is made of rectangular tube.
- Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the grid-connected photovoltaic thermai (GCPVT) experimental set-up.
- Figure 3 shows the schematic cable connection diagram of the 1.2 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic thermal SiC ⁇ nanoflutd system.
- Figure 5 Power, DC voltage and solar irradiance over dear sunny day for GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid system.
- Figure 6 the (Ambient, water outlet, PV module and PVT-Nanofiuid module) temperature over clear sunny day from (7:00AM- 7:00PM) for grid-connected system.
- Figure 7 GCPVT nanofluid system energy yield on 17 February 2016.
- Figure 9 Monthly energy yield, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency during period (January - April) 2015 for GCPV system.
- Figure 10 Monthly energy yield, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency during period (January - Aprii) 2016 for GCPVT nanofiuid system.
- Figure 11 The life cycie cost analysis of GCPV+ST system.
- a grid-connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermai (PV/T) panel with nanofluids is mainly composed of photovoltaic (PV) module 1 arrays, an absorber 2 coliectors, an inverter 16 device with the function of maximum power tracking, and a controller 7 with temperature sensor.
- the photovoltaic (PV) module is attached to the absorber 2.
- the grid-connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluids further comprising a circulation pump which is electrically connected to the controller 7.
- a water tank with a condenser 19 is provided in the system wherein the water tank comprises a first temperature sensor which is electrically connected to the controller 7.
- the absorber 2 is having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet is fixed with a second temperature sensor.
- the second temperature sensor is electrically connected to the controller 7 as well, in addition, a nanofiuid tank 18 is connected to the water tank 19 and the circulation pump 6,
- 1.2 kWp GCPVT-SiC nanofiuid system has been installed and tested for performance analysis of its characteristics and efficiencies.
- the photograph of the set-up is shown in the specifications and equipment of grid-connected PVT system is shown in Figure 1.
- the absorber 2 collector conceptual design used in this study has been shown in Figure 2.
- a 1.2 kWp solar PV power system comprised of 10 Polycrystalline Silicon panels 1.
- Each panei has a power of 120 Wp and a nominal voltage of 17.4 V.
- Soiar PV panel parameters are given in Table 1.
- the paneis were connected in a series string of five groups of two parallel connected modules for nominal voltage of 87 V DC, as shown in Figure 3.
- the installed PVT-SiC nanofluid system has been fully monitored, and its performance was then evaluated.
- the monitored results of grid-connected PVT-SiC nanofluid systems were coilected in a 1 -minute sampling period. The measured data were recorded and averaged every 5 minutes and stored for analyses and evaluation.
- GCPVT Grid-Connected System photovoltaic thermal
- Figure 5 shows the DC voltage and power difference between GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid systems. It is that the temperature of the PV module decreased while power increased for GCPVT nanofluid system.
- Figure 6 shows the ambient, water outlet, GCPV module, and GCPVT nanofluid module temperature over a clear sunny day, from (7.00 AM- 7.00 PM).
- the performance parameters of the GCPVT nanofluids system included array yield, final yield, reference yield, performance ratio, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, array capture losses, system losses, and capacity factor.
- Figure 7 shows the hourly energy production of the GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid system over a sunny day. If can be seen that the energy production from GCPVT nanofluid system exceeded GCPV system due to the enhancement of heat transfer of the PVT module by decreasing module temperature and increasing electrical PV efficiency.
- Figure 8 shows the average daily (array, final and reference) yield production and the monthly array and final yield values of 167.32 and 152.71 kWh/kWp, respectively.
- Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the monthly energy field, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency for GCPVT nanofluid and GCPV, respectively.
- PR system performance ratio
- PV system, inverter
- iife cycie cost is to provide an effective cost estimation of a designed system, It takes into account of initial cost, operation and maintenance costs, investment, inflation rates.
- the eiectricity cost based on the tariff rate USD 0.07/kWh and seiiing FiT USD 0.22/kWh.
- GCPV photovoltaic grid-connected system
- GCPVT photovoitaic thermal grid-connected using nanofluids
- LCCA total iife cycle cost analysis for: Photovoitaic grid-connected + Solar thermal (GCPV+ST). Photovoitaic thermal grid-connected with water (GCPVT-Water) and Photovoltaic thermal grid- connected with nanofluid (GCPVT-Nanofluid) and annual energy productivity shown in Table 3.
- Figure 12 shows LCCA percentage of GCPVT-Nanofiuid
- the inverter have the highest percentages of the LCCA is 32% divided to the 9% for initial cost and 23% for repiacement which is need to replace 4 times for ali iife cycle cost, whiie the PV moduie is 28% from LCCA which is divided to the initial cost 24% and 4 % for the maintenance & operation, the PV life is assumed 25 years with 0% of replacements.
- the pump has 9 % divided to 2.3% initial cost, 1% maintenance & operation and 5,7% replacement cost.
- the nanofluids and water storage tank have lower percentage of LCCA are 1.2% and 7% receptivity divided for initial and maintenance & operation cost only.
- the PVT absorber, Piping and Nanofluids have initial cost only were 5%, 3.5% and 6,3% respectively, while the civii and installation work has 8% from LCCA.
- Figure 7.13 and Table 7,4 present the cumulative net present value for 25 years under different system (PV+ST, GCPVT-Water and GCPVT-Nanofluid) starting from 0, which indicates that the cost value should be the same as the initial cost. If the value at year 25 is positive, then the system is likely to be applied. The initial cost is calculated by considering the material and insulation cost for each system. Maintenance cost is divided for each year, and the replacement cost is also estimated for to be applied every 5 years. GCPVT-Nanofluid system has the greatest initial cost value of USD 3172.5, whereas GCPVT-Water system has the least initial cost of USD 2872.8. Depending on how much electricity and cost are saved by each system, the cumulative net present rises at different slopes.
Abstract
Grid connected PVT system is complex, it is usually because of the heat and energy efficiency of the heat sink so that the entire photovoltaic solar thermal combined cycle power generation system usability decreases. However, the low thermal conductivity has always been the primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids, performance of PVT. According to the present invention, there is provided a grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluids, comprising: a controller (7) with a temperature sensor; a circulation pump (6) electrically connected to said controller (7); a water tank (19) with a condenser, wherein said water tank (19) further comprising a first temperature sensor, wherein said first temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller (7); an absorber (2) having an inlet and an outlet; wherein said outlet is fixed with a second temperature sensor; wherein said second temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller (7); a photovoltaic module (1) attached to said absorber (2); a nanofluid tank (18) connected to said water tank (19) and said circulation pump (8); an inverter (16) electrically connected to said photovoltaic module (1); a surge protection device (SPD) (17) electrically connected to said inverter (16) and said circulation pump (6) characterized in that said absorber (2) is made of rectangular tube.
Description
A GRID CONNECTED SYSTEM INCORPORATING PHOTOVOLTAIC THERMAL
(PV/T) PANEL WITH NANOFLUIDS
Technical Field
The present invention relates to grid connected PV/T nanofiuids providing hot water and electricity at the same time with high energy production compare with grid connected PV only.
Background Art A grid-connected system comprises of PV moduies and an inverter. The inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity generated by the PV modules into alternating current (AC) electricity, which is synchronized with the main electrical source so that excess electricity will be fed into the grid. Whilst Photovoltaic Thermal system sometimes known as hybrid PV/T systems or PVT, is a system that convert solar radiation into thermal energy and electricity.
In order to improve the cost of photovoltaic thermal system, in addition to the development of new grid connected PVT panels, on the need for solar photovoltaic solar thermal cooling system for cooling, while traditional low heat dissipation efficiency of energy consumption, more energy efficient, and most of the heat sink does not make a whole piece of silicon light uniformly cool the solar panels. Grid connected PVT system is complex, it is usually because of the heat and energy efficiency of the heat sink so that the entire photovoltaic solar thermal combined cycle power generation system usability decreases. However, the low thermal conductivity has always been the primary limitation in the development of energy-efficient heat transfer fluids, performance of PVT. Nanofluids can overcome this limitation and improve advanced heat transfer fluids with substantially higher thermal conductivity.
A Chinese patent (CN2G3813717U) modeled discloses a nano~fluids~based graphite micro-channel cooling type solar photovoltaic photothermai system. The power out from the patent is very low because the application for the ceil only with micro-channel. As a grid connected PVT need to use in the large cycle, in the Chinese patent (CN203813717U) doesn't used as iarge cycle and the nanofiuid type had low properties and doesn't improve to the optimum PVT efficiency.
The photovoltaic thermal (PVT) collectors consist of specifically designed rectangular tube absorber with a height of 15 mm and a width of 25 mm: and attached under the photovoiiaic modules. The novel evaiuation of SIC nanofiuid to enhance performance of (GCPVT) system, evaiuation of SiC nanofiuid and its effect on the enhancement of heat transfer.
Summary of the invention
According to the present invention, there is provided a grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluids, comprising:
a controller 7 with temperature sensor;
a circulation pump 6 electrically connected to said controller 7;
a water tank with a condenser 19;
wherein said water tank with a condenser 19 further comprising a first temperature sensor;
wherein said first temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller 7;
an absorber 2 having an inlet and an outlet;
wherein said outlet is fixed with a second temperature sensor;
wherein said second temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller 7; a photovoltaic module 1 attached to said absorber 2;
a nanofiuid tank 18 connected to said water tank 19 and said circulation pump 6;
an inverter 16 electrically connected to said photovoiiaic module 1 ;
a surge protection device (SPD) 17 electrically connected to said inverter 16 and said circulation pump 6; characterized in that said absorber 2 is made of rectangular tube.
Brief Description of the Drawings
For a better understanding of the nature and objective of the invention, reference should be made to the foilowing detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the grid-connected photovoltaic thermai (GCPVT) experimental set-up. Figure 2 shows the absorber collector conceptual design Rectangular tube [w=25mm, d-15mm].
Figure 3 shows the schematic cable connection diagram of the 1.2 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic thermal SiC~nanoflutd system.
Figure 4 PV and PVT-Nanofiuid module temperatures for grid-connected system from (7:00AM-7:00PM).
Figure 5 Power, DC voltage and solar irradiance over dear sunny day for GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid system.
Figure 6 the (Ambient, water outlet, PV module and PVT-Nanofiuid module) temperature over clear sunny day from (7:00AM- 7:00PM) for grid-connected system. Figure 7 GCPVT nanofluid system energy yield on 17 February 2016.
Figure 8 GCPVT nanofluid system energy yield during March 2016.
Figure 9 Monthly energy yield, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency during period (January - April) 2015 for GCPV system.
Figure 10 Monthly energy yield, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency during period (January - Aprii) 2016 for GCPVT nanofiuid system.
Figure 11 The life cycie cost analysis of GCPV+ST system.
Figure 12 Life cycie cost of photovoltaic thermal grid-connected (GCPVT-Nanofluid) system.
Figure 13 Cumulative net present values over 25 years with different systems.
Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment
A grid-connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermai (PV/T) panel with nanofluids is mainly composed of photovoltaic (PV) module 1 arrays, an absorber 2 coliectors, an inverter 16 device with the function of maximum power tracking, and a controller 7 with temperature sensor. The photovoltaic (PV) module is attached to the absorber 2. The grid-connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) panel with nanofluids further comprising a circulation pump which is electrically connected to the controller 7. Further, a water tank with a condenser 19 is provided in the system wherein the water tank comprises a first temperature sensor which is electrically connected to the controller 7. The absorber 2 is having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the outlet is fixed with a second temperature sensor. The second temperature sensor is electrically connected to the controller 7 as well, in addition, a nanofiuid tank 18 is connected to the water tank 19 and the circulation pump 6,
1.2 kWp GCPVT-SiC nanofiuid system has been installed and tested for performance analysis of its characteristics and efficiencies. The photograph of the set-up is shown in the specifications and equipment of grid-connected PVT system is shown in Figure 1. The absorber 2 collector conceptual design used in this study has been shown in Figure 2. A 1.2 kWp solar PV power system comprised of 10 Polycrystalline Silicon panels 1. Each panei has a power of 120 Wp and a nominal voltage of 17.4 V. Soiar PV panel parameters
are given in Table 1. The paneis were connected in a series string of five groups of two parallel connected modules for nominal voltage of 87 V DC, as shown in Figure 3. The installed PVT-SiC nanofluid system has been fully monitored, and its performance was then evaluated. The monitored results of grid-connected PVT-SiC nanofluid systems were coilected in a 1 -minute sampling period. The measured data were recorded and averaged every 5 minutes and stored for analyses and evaluation.
Performance of Grid-Connected System photovoltaic thermal (GCPVT) The 1.2 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic thermal system was built on the roof top of a house. The duration of the data was recorded from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM using data acquisition software. During field-testing, data was recorded every 1 minute, which was later summed to an average of 5 minutes. Figure 4 shows the mean GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid module temperatures data gathered from the test at the field. The temperature data comprised of T1 - T20, and it was evident that the GCPV module temperature was very high, reaching almost 78 °C at mid-afternoon compared to the GCPVT-SiC module temperature system. Figure 5 shows the DC voltage and power difference between GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid systems. It is that the temperature of the PV module decreased while power increased for GCPVT nanofluid system. Figure 6 shows the
ambient, water outlet, GCPV module, and GCPVT nanofluid module temperature over a clear sunny day, from (7.00 AM- 7.00 PM).
The performance parameters of the GCPVT nanofluids system that was investigated included array yield, final yield, reference yield, performance ratio, PV module efficiency, system efficiency, inverter efficiency, array capture losses, system losses, and capacity factor. Figure 7 shows the hourly energy production of the GCPV and GCPVT nanofluid system over a sunny day. If can be seen that the energy production from GCPVT nanofluid system exceeded GCPV system due to the enhancement of heat transfer of the PVT module by decreasing module temperature and increasing electrical PV efficiency. Figure 8 shows the average daily (array, final and reference) yield production and the monthly array and final yield values of 167.32 and 152.71 kWh/kWp, respectively.
Figure 9 and Figure 10 show the monthly energy field, system performance ratio (PR), and (PV, system, inverter) efficiency for GCPVT nanofluid and GCPV, respectively. The monthly array and final yields of the GCPVT SiC nanofluid system, as shown in Figure 9, observed that the highest values for monthly array yield and final yield were obtained in March, with values of 157.32 and 152.71 kWh/kWp, respectively. The lowest values for the monthly array yield and final yield were obtained in February with values of 145.11 and 140.71 kWh/kWp, respectively. The observed low yields during these months were due to low in-plane solar Irradiation and reduced of number of sun hours per day, while the monthly array yields of GCPV system shown in Figure 10 observed that the values for monthly array yield and final yield obtained in March were 105.70 and 100.53 kWh/kWp, respectively. This value differs due to the PV module working at a high temperature of the PV plate module. it was also effect the performance ratio (PR) of the GCPVT nanofluid system; the PR forms 95.49 - 95.92%, while the performance ratio for GCPV system was from 70.65 - 74.71%. The PV module efficiency, system efficiency, and inverter efficiency for the GCPVT nanofluid and GCPV system have been determined. It was clear that an electrical PVT efficiency was ~ 13.5% for GCPVT nanofluid, while the electrical PV efficiency was just ~ 8.8% for the GCPV system. Therefore, the system efficiency for GCPVT nanofluid
has more production of energy and efficiency of ~ 13.1 %, while the efficiency of the GCPV system was ~ 8.4%.
Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)
The purpose of iife cycie cost is to provide an effective cost estimation of a designed system, It takes into account of initial cost, operation and maintenance costs, investment, inflation rates. The eiectricity cost based on the tariff rate USD 0.07/kWh and seiiing FiT USD 0.22/kWh. From the iife cycie cost of view, the cost of photovoltaic grid-connected system (GCPV) and photovoitaic thermal grid-connected using nanofluids (GCPVT) nanofluid system have been determined and compared. The total iife cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for: Photovoitaic grid-connected + Solar thermal (GCPV+ST). Photovoitaic thermal grid-connected with water (GCPVT-Water) and Photovoltaic thermal grid- connected with nanofluid (GCPVT-Nanofluid) and annual energy productivity shown in Table 3.
The percentages of the iife cycle cost analysis of different components that make up the GCPV+ST and GCPVT-Nanofluid systems are shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12. These figures show that the (initial, maintenance & operation, replacement and installation) cost It can be seen ciearly in Figure 11 The inverter have the highest percentages of the LCCA is 34% divided to the 10% for initial cost and 24% for replacement which is need to replace the inverter every 5 years (4 times for aii life cycle cost), while the PV module is 29% from
LCCA which is divided to the initial cost 25% and 4% for the maintenance & operation, the PV iife is assumed 25 years with 0% of replacements. The others percentages are divided as in Figure 11. Figure 12 shows LCCA percentage of GCPVT-Nanofiuid, the inverter have the highest percentages of the LCCA is 32% divided to the 9% for initial cost and 23% for repiacement which is need to replace 4 times for ali iife cycle cost, whiie the PV moduie is 28% from LCCA which is divided to the initial cost 24% and 4 % for the maintenance & operation, the PV life is assumed 25 years with 0% of replacements. The pump has 9 % divided to 2.3% initial cost, 1% maintenance & operation and 5,7% replacement cost. The nanofluids and water storage tank have lower percentage of LCCA are 1.2% and 7% receptivity divided for initial and maintenance & operation cost only. However, the PVT absorber, Piping and Nanofluids have initial cost only were 5%, 3.5% and 6,3% respectively, while the civii and installation work has 8% from LCCA.
Figure 7.13 and Table 7,4 present the cumulative net present value for 25 years under different system (PV+ST, GCPVT-Water and GCPVT-Nanofluid) starting from 0, which indicates that the cost value should be the same as the initial cost. If the value at year 25 is positive, then the system is likely to be applied. The initial cost is calculated by considering the material and insulation cost for each system. Maintenance cost is divided for each year, and the replacement cost is also estimated for to be applied every 5 years. GCPVT-Nanofluid system has the greatest initial cost value of USD 3172.5, whereas GCPVT-Water system has the least initial cost of USD 2872.8. Depending on how much electricity and cost are saved by each system, the cumulative net present rises at different slopes.
While particular example of the present invention has been shown and described, it is apparent that changes and modification maybe made therein without departing from the invention is its broadest aspects. The aim of the appended claims, thereof, is to cover all such changes and modifications as fali within the scope of the invention.
Claims
1. A grid connected system incorporating photovoltaic thermai (PV/T) panel with nanofiuids. comprising:
a controlier (7) with temperature sensor;
a circuiation pump (6) electrically connected to said controlier (7);
a water tank with a condenser (19);
wherein said water tank with a condenser (19) further comprising a first temperature sensor;
wherein said first temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller (7); an absorber (2) having an inlet and an outlet;
wherein said outlet is fixed with a second temperature sensor;
wherein said second temperature sensor is electrically connected to said controller
<7Y.
a photovoltaic module (1 ) attached to said absorber (2);
a nanofluid tank (18) connected to said water tank (19) and said circulation pump (6); an inverter (16) electrically connected to said photovoltaic module (1);
a surge protection device (SPD) (17) electrically connected to said inverter (16) and said circulation pump (6);
characterized in that said absorber (2) is made of rectangular tube.
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| MYPI2016704924 | 2016-12-31 | ||
| MYPI2016704924 | 2016-12-31 |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108917196A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-11-30 | 天津城建大学 | Solar energy-magnetic fluid heat-exchanger rig |
| CN110057008A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽建筑大学 | The system for realizing hot and cold, electric trilogy supply collection PV/T Yu earth source heat pump one |
| CN110553411A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-10 | 浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司 | Cascade heat collection system and control method thereof |
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| CN108917196A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-11-30 | 天津城建大学 | Solar energy-magnetic fluid heat-exchanger rig |
| CN110057008A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-26 | 安徽建筑大学 | The system for realizing hot and cold, electric trilogy supply collection PV/T Yu earth source heat pump one |
| CN110553411A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-10 | 浙江正泰新能源开发有限公司 | Cascade heat collection system and control method thereof |
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