WO2018121589A1 - 数据链路的检测方法、装置及系统 - Google Patents

数据链路的检测方法、装置及系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018121589A1
WO2018121589A1 PCT/CN2017/118934 CN2017118934W WO2018121589A1 WO 2018121589 A1 WO2018121589 A1 WO 2018121589A1 CN 2017118934 W CN2017118934 W CN 2017118934W WO 2018121589 A1 WO2018121589 A1 WO 2018121589A1
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Prior art keywords
data link
node
address
source
link detection
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PCT/CN2017/118934
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
支新军
郭红燕
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks
    • H04L12/4604—LAN interconnection over a backbone network, e.g. Internet, Frame Relay
    • H04L12/462—LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone
    • H04L12/4625—Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0876—Network utilisation, e.g. volume of load or congestion level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/06—Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications
    • H04L41/0677—Localisation of faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0805—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability
    • H04L43/0811—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters by checking availability by checking connectivity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/50—Testing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/46—Interconnection of networks

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of network communication technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, and a system for detecting a data link.
  • IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4
  • a traceroute diagnostic tool or a diagnostic method can be used to detect whether the data link is interrupted.
  • the route tracking data link detection method has the following drawbacks: waste of network bandwidth and long detection time; a large amount of consumption of the resources of the routing node on the data link between the source node and the destination node detected, affecting the normal operation of these routing nodes , causing security issues.
  • the technical problem solved by the solution provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least the inefficiency and insecurity of data link detection.
  • An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for detecting a data link, including the steps of: transmitting a data link detection request message from a source node to a destination node; and receiving, by the source node, a data link detection request message. a data link detection response message; and the source node acquires a source IP address in the data link detection response message, and the source node determines the source node to the destination node according to the source IP address Whether the data link between them is interrupted.
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a data link detecting apparatus, including: a sending module configured to send a data link detection request message from a source node to a destination node; and a receiving module configured to receive the data a data link detection response message corresponding to the link detection request message, and a determining module configured to acquire a source IP address in the data link detection response message, and determine the source according to the source IP address Whether the data link between the node and the destination node is interrupted.
  • a sending module configured to send a data link detection request message from a source node to a destination node
  • a receiving module configured to receive the data a data link detection response message corresponding to the link detection request message
  • a determining module configured to acquire a source IP address in the data link detection response message, and determine the source according to the source IP address Whether the data link between the node and the destination node is interrupted.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a detection system for a data link, the detection system including a source node, an intermediate routing node, and a destination node.
  • the source node is configured to: send a data link detection request message to the destination node, receive a data link detection response message corresponding to the data link detection request message, and acquire the data link detection And responding to the source IP address in the packet, and determining, according to the source IP address, whether the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted.
  • the intermediate routing node is configured to: receive the data link detection request message sent by the source node to the destination node, and data between the intermediate routing node and a next node of the intermediate routing node When the link is in an uninterrupted state, the IP address of the intermediate routing node is added to the data link detection request message, and forwarded to the next node, or the intermediate routing node and the intermediate route If the data link between the next node of the node is in an interrupted state, the data link detection response message is generated according to the data link detection request message, and the data link detection response message is sent. Sent to the source node.
  • the destination node is configured to receive, by the source node, the data link detection request report sent by the source node to the destination node, if the data link between the source node and the destination node is not interrupted. And generating the data link detection response message according to the data link detection request message, and sending the data link detection response message to the source node.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor of a computer, causes the computer to perform detection of a data link provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. method.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a data link according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data link detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a packet format of an IPv6 data link detection request packet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a packet format of an IPv6 data link detection response packet according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of obtaining a complete forwarding path by using an IPv6 data link detection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an IPv6 data link detection method for acquiring a path interruption node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another apparatus for detecting a data link according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a first intermediate unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second intermediate unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • IPv4 is the network layer protocol currently used by the Internet. So far, IPv4 has been running well. However, with the rapid development of the Internet and the services it provides, IPv4 has exposed some shortcomings.
  • Internet Protocol version 6, IPv6, is the second-generation standard protocol for network layer protocols. It is also called IP next generation. It is the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). A set of specifications designed is an upgraded version of IPv4. IPv6 has many new features and solves many shortcomings of IPv4. Therefore, it has gradually attracted more and more people's attention and become a new hot spot.
  • IPv6 in addition to providing a huge address space, has been improved in many aspects, such as good scalability. Because the extended header is added after the IPv6 basic header, IPv6 can easily implement the function extension. The option in the IPv4 header can support up to 40 bytes. Unlike the options in the IPv4 header, the IPv6 extension header has no maximum length limit and can accommodate all extended data. With the extended nature of IPv6, traditional data link detection methods can be improved.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have found that the most commonly used conventional data link detection method is a route tracking diagnostic tool or method.
  • the implementation principle of the route tracking data link detection is as follows: The source node sends a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packet to the destination node (the port is not reachable), and sets the hop limit to " 1", after receiving the packet, the first routing node changes the hop limit of the packet to "0". Since the hop limit is "0", the first routing node does not continue to forward the packet. Instead, the first routing node discards the data packet and sends an Internet Control Message Protocol to the source node.
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • the source address of the ICMP timeout packet is the IP address of the first routing node, so that the source node that sends the UDP packet can know the first routing node on the forwarding path. IP address. Then the source node continues to send a UDP packet with a hop limit of "2", and based on the same principle, the source node can obtain the IP address of the second routing node on the forwarding path. The process continues until the UDP packet sent by the source node reaches the destination node. At this point, the destination node responds with an error message that the ICMP port is unreachable.
  • ICMP Control Message Protocol
  • the source node When receiving the error message that the ICMP port is unreachable, the source node can determine that the UDP packet has arrived at the destination node and end the entire tracking process. In this way, the source node can obtain the IP address of each routing node on the entire forwarding path between the destination nodes.
  • the intermediate routing node discards the UDP packet whose hop limit has been changed to "1" when it is sent to the intermediate routing node.
  • the source node obtains the IP address of the intermediate routing node, and then increases the hop limit of the UDP packet by one and then sends it again.
  • the hop limit value when the retransmitted UDP packet arrives at the intermediate routing node is "2".
  • the intermediate routing node receives the UDP packet sent by the source node to the intermediate routing node when the hop limit has been changed to "2", and then searches for the next hop route to forward the UDP packet.
  • the intermediate routing node discards the UDP packet but does not send the timeout ICMP packet to the source node. Therefore, after the source node retransmits the UDP packet multiple times, it continues to increment the UDP packet hop limit and send it again until the hop limit of the UDP packet sent by the source node reaches the upper limit (usually "30". )until. In this case, the source node considers the trace timeout and stops the trace process. In this way, the source node can learn that the path to the destination node is interrupted, and the intermediate routing node where the interruption occurs can be known.
  • Problem 1 Using the hopping limit method, each time the data link is detected and each intermediate routing node needs to perform one or more detection packets and ICMP packet interaction, which wastes network bandwidth and prolongs the positioning time. . In particular, in the case of an interruption of the data link, since no ICMP timeout message is returned, the source node itself needs to wait for a timeout, which is a waste of time.
  • Problem 2 The intermediate routing node needs to generate a message and send it, so it will occupy a lot of processor resources of the intermediate routing node.
  • a malicious user can send a large number of such data link detection packets, and if the routing node returns an ICMP timeout packet, the value of the hop limit is not increased, and the previous detection packet is repeatedly sent to attack the routing node. Therefore, the routing node has to process a large number of such ICMP response messages, thereby consuming a large amount of resources of the routing node, affecting the normal forwarding work of the routing node, thereby causing security problems.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting a data link according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the data link detecting method may include step S101, step S102, and step S103.
  • step S101 a data link detection request message is sent from the source node to the destination node.
  • step S102 the source node receives a data link detection response message corresponding to the data link detection request message.
  • the source node acquires the source IP address in the data link detection response message, and determines whether the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted according to the source IP address.
  • the source IP address may be an IP address (eg, an IPv6 address) of a node (or device) that generates a data link detection response message, and thus the source IP address may be referred to as a response source IP address (eg, Respond to the source IPv6 address).
  • the step of determining, by the source node, whether the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted according to the source IP address may include: the source node comparing the source IP address with an IP address of the destination node. . If the source IP address is the same as the IP address of the destination node, the source node determines that the data link has not been interrupted. If the source IP address is different from the IP address of the destination node, the source node determines that the data link is interrupted.
  • the method may further include the step of: the first intermediate node receiving the data link detection request message, and at the first When the data link between the intermediate node and the next node of the first intermediate node is in an uninterrupted state, the IP address of the first intermediate node is added to the data link detection request message; and the first intermediate node is added.
  • the data link detection request message with the IP address of the first intermediate node is forwarded to the next node.
  • the method may further include: the second intermediate node receiving the data link detection request message; and in the second middle When the data link between the node and the next node of the second intermediate node is in an interrupted state, the second intermediate node generates a data link detection response message according to the data link detection request message, and detects the data link. A response message is sent to the source node.
  • the step of the second intermediate node generating the data link detection response message according to the data link detection request message may include: the second intermediate node uses the IP address of the second intermediate node as the data link detection response report. The source IP address of the packet is used as the destination IP address of the data link detection response packet, and the data link detection response packet is generated.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a data link detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the detecting apparatus of the data link may include: a sending module 201 configured to send a data link detection request message from the source node to the destination node; and a receiving module 202 configured to Receiving a data link detection response message corresponding to the data link detection request message; and determining module 203 configured to obtain a source IP address in the data link detection response message, and determine a source according to the source IP address Whether the data link between the node and the destination node is interrupted.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of another apparatus for detecting a data link according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the determining module 203 can include: a comparing unit 203a configured to compare the source IP address with an IP address of a destination node; and a determining unit 203b configured to When the source IP address is the same as the IP address of the destination node, it is determined that the data link is not interrupted, and if the source IP address is different from the IP address of the destination node, the data link is determined to be interrupted.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a first intermediate unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a first intermediate node may be included in a data link, where the first intermediate node may include: an adding unit configured to receive a data link detection request message, and An IP address of an intermediate node is added to the data link detection request message; and a sending unit is configured to forward the data link detection request message with the IP address of the first intermediate node to the next node, where The data link between an intermediate node and the next node of the first intermediate node is in an uninterrupted state.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a second intermediate unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • a second intermediate node may be included in the data link, where the second intermediate node may include: a receiving unit configured to receive a data link detection request message; and generate a report a text unit configured to generate a data link detection response message according to the data link detection request message, and send the data link detection response message to the source node, where the second intermediate node and the second intermediate node are The data link between a node is in an interrupted state.
  • the generated message unit may be configured to use the IP address of the second intermediate node as the source IP address of the data link detection response message, and use the IP address of the source node as the destination of the data link detection response message. The IP address, thereby generating a data link detection response message.
  • the various elements in the detecting device of the data link may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
  • one or more software having the respective functions described herein may be installed on each node between the source node to the destination node performing data link detection (eg, on the source node), and The one or more software are executed by respective nodes to implement various elements in the detection device of the data link.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an IPv6 data link detection system, including a source node, an intermediate routing node, and a destination node.
  • the source node is configured to: send a data link detection request message to the destination node, receive a data link detection response message corresponding to the data link detection request message, and obtain a source IP address in the data link detection response message. And determining, according to the source IP address, whether the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted.
  • the intermediate routing node is configured to: receive a data link detection request message sent by the source node to the destination node, where the data link between the intermediate routing node and the next node of the intermediate routing node is in an uninterrupted state, Adding the IP address of the intermediate routing node to the data link detection request message and forwarding it to the next node, or the data link between the intermediate routing node and the next node of the intermediate routing node is in an interrupted state. And generating a data link detection response message according to the data link detection request message, and sending the data link detection response message to the source node.
  • the destination node is configured to: when the data link between the source node and the destination node is not interrupted, receive the data link detection request packet sent by the source node to the destination node, and generate a request packet according to the data link detection request.
  • the data link detects the response packet and sends the data link detection response packet to the source node.
  • the intermediate routing node is configured to use the IP address of the intermediate routing node as a data link if the data link between the intermediate routing node and the next node of the intermediate routing node is in an interrupted state
  • the source IP address of the response packet is detected, and the IP address of the source node is used as the destination IP address of the data link detection response packet, thereby generating a data link detection response packet.
  • the destination node is configured to use the IP address of the destination node as the source IP address of the data link detection response packet, and the IP address of the source node as the destination IP address of the data link detection response packet, thereby Generate a data link detection response message.
  • the source node is configured to: compare the source IP address with an IP address of the destination node, and determine that the data link is not interrupted if the source IP address is the same as the IP address of the destination node. And, in a case where the source IP address is different from the IP address of the destination node, it is determined that the data link is interrupted.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor of a computer, causes the computer to perform a method of detecting a data link provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the source node, the intermediate routing node, and the destination node perform steps a through f, respectively.
  • step a the source node sends a data link detection request message to the destination node, and forces or requests the intermediate routing nodes that receive the data link detection request message from the source node to the destination node link to detect the data link. Request a message for processing.
  • each intermediate routing node After receiving the data link detection request message, each intermediate routing node reflects (for example, adds in the order of receiving) the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the packet in the data link detection request message. Then forward it.
  • the destination node After receiving the data link detection request packet, the destination node reflects (for example, adds) the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the packet in the data link detection request packet, and sends the packet to the source node.
  • the data link detects the response packet to send the data forwarding path information carried in the data link detection request packet to the source node.
  • step d the source node determines the data link detection response message received by the source node as the response message of the destination node, extracts the data forwarding path to the destination node, and submits it to the upper layer application for further processing.
  • step e if the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted, the routing node at the interrupt reflects (for example, adds) the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the data link detection request message in the request message.
  • the data link detection response packet is sent to the source node to send the data forwarding path information carried in the data link request packet to the source node.
  • step f the source node determines the data link detection response packet that is received by the source node as the response packet of the intermediate routing node, extracts the data forwarding path in the data link detection response packet, acquires the interruption point, and submits it to the The upper application is further processed.
  • the IPv6 data link detection request message in step a is: a data message set with an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header.
  • the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are "00", the third bit of the upper bit is "1”, and the option data of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header is the IPv6 address value.
  • Step a may include: when the upper layer application requires detecting the forwarding path of the source node to the destination node, or detecting the interrupt node on the forwarding path of the source node to the destination node, or after the predetermined time interval expires, determining from the source node to the destination The node sends a data link detection request message.
  • the step a may further include: when determining that the data link detection request message needs to be sent to the destination node, determining, by the source node, the interface for sending the data link detection request message according to the IPv6 address of the destination node and its own routing table, and The IPv6 address of the interface is filled in the option data portion of the hop-by-hop option header of the data link detection request message.
  • Step b may include: the intermediate routing node receives the data link detection request message, and checks the option type of the hop-by-hop option header. For example, the first two bits of the high order of the option type in the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are “00” and When the third bit of the upper bit is "1", it is determined that the received message is a data link detection request message, and the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the detection request message is attached to the data link detection request.
  • the message hop-by-hop option header data (for example, appended to the end of the option data), and then continues to forward the data link detection request message according to the routing forwarding table.
  • the IPv6 data link detection response message in step c is: a data message set with an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header.
  • the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are "00", the third bit of the upper bit is "0”, and the option data of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header is the copy data link detection request message.
  • Option data for the hop-by-hop option header is: a data message set with an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header.
  • Step c may include: the destination node receives the data link detection request message, and checks the option type of the hop-by-hop option header. For example, the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type in the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are “00” and the high bit When the third bit is "1", it is determined that the received message is a data link detection request message, and the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the detection request message is attached to the option data of the option type. (for example, appended to the end of the option data) and respond to the detection request message.
  • the response processing may be performed by setting the destination IPV6 address of the detection request packet and the source IPV6 address, and modifying the type of the hop-by-hop option header in the detection request packet to detect the type of the response packet, for example, the IPv6 hop-by-hop option.
  • the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type of the header are "00" and the third bit of the upper bit is "0", and then this response message is sent to the source node.
  • Step d may include: the source node receives the data link detection response message, and checks the option type of the hop-by-hop option header. For example, the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type in the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are “00” and the high bit When the third bit is "0", it is determined that the received message is a data link detection response message, and the option data in the hop-by-hop option header of the data link detection response message is extracted. If the last IPv6 address in the option data is consistent with the source address of the response packet, the response message is determined to be responded by the destination node, and the complete forwarding from the source node to the destination node can be obtained according to the information in the extracted option data. path.
  • Step e may include: if the data link between the source node and the destination node is interrupted, the routing node at the interruption receives the data link detection request message, and checks the option type of the hop-by-hop option header, for example, hop-by-hop in IPv6. In the case where the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type of the option header are "00" and the third bit of the upper bit is "1", it is determined that the received message is a data link detection request message, and the self-received detection is received.
  • the IPv6 address of the interface requesting the message is appended to the option data of the hop-by-hop option header of the data link detection request message (for example, appended to the end of the option data), and responds to the detection request message.
  • the response processing may be performed by setting the destination IPV6 address of the detection request packet and the source IPV6 address, and modifying the type of the hop-by-hop option header in the detection request packet to detect the type of the response packet, for example, the IPv6 hop-by-hop option.
  • the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type of the header are "00" and the third bit of the upper bit is "0", and then this response message is sent to the source node.
  • Step f may include: the source node receives the data link detection response message, and checks the option type of the hop-by-hop option header. For example, the first two bits of the upper bit of the option type in the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are “00” and the high bit When the third bit is "0", it is determined that the received message is a data link detection response message, and the option data in the hop-by-hop option header of the data link detection response message is extracted. If the source address of the last IPv6 address and the response packet in the option data is inconsistent, it is determined that the response message is a response of the intermediate routing node, and according to the information in the extracted option data, the source node to the routing node at the interrupt can be obtained. The forwarding path and determine the interrupt routing node.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of obtaining a complete forwarding path by using an IPv6 data link detection method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 an example of obtaining a complete forwarding path between a source node and a destination node is described.
  • Set the source node and destination node to be PC terminals, namely PCA and PCB.
  • step 5.1 when the upper layer application needs to obtain the complete forwarding path of the source node PCA to the destination node PCB, or whether the forwarding path of the source node PCA to the destination node PCB is normal, and the interrupt node is further obtained when the interface is abnormal, or preset
  • the source node PCA determines a Data Link Detection Request (DLDReq) message that needs to be sent to the destination node PCB.
  • DLDReq Data Link Detection Request
  • the structure of the IPv6DLDReq message is shown in Figure 3.
  • an IPv6 Hop-by-Hop Options Header is added.
  • the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header may include "Option Type”, “Opt Data Len”, “the first IPv6 Address”, ... and “the last IPv6 Address” as shown in Figures 3 and 4.
  • the first two bits of the high order of the Option Type of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header are “00”, indicating that the processing of this option is skipped when the network device does not recognize the option, thus effectively ensuring
  • the DLDReq message can be forwarded normally.
  • the third bit of the upper bit of the Option Type is "1", indicating that the intermediate routing nodes on the intermediate path from the source node to the destination node can change the option data.
  • the present disclosure has no limitation on other bits in the option type, as the present disclosure can set the option type of the IPv6 option header to "53", that is, binary "00110101".
  • the embodiment of the present disclosure can ensure that the size of the data link request packet does not exceed the minimum Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) value of the IPv6 link specified by the IPv6 protocol, that is, 1280 bytes. If the length of the entire IPv6 packet is less than 1280, it will not be discarded on the link, so that the DLDReq packet can reach the destination node normally. Therefore, the payload data carried in the DLDReq message should be as small as possible (for example, no more than 16 bytes), so that the DLDReq message is not more than 1280 bytes, and the option data portion of the hop-by-hop option header can carry up to 75. IPv6 addresses, thus meeting the needs of normal route tracking (ie, data link detection).
  • MTU Maximum Transmission Unit
  • the first IPv6 address value is added to the option data in the request packet.
  • the IPv6 address can be set to the IPv6 address of the outbound interface of the request packet sent by the source node PCA to the destination node PCB. value.
  • step 5.2 after the router RTA receives the DLDReq message, the router RTA needs to process the data packet because the DLDReq message carries an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header.
  • the router RTA processes the request packet by receiving a request packet, determining that the hop-by-hop option header is carried, and processing the hop-by-hop option header according to the option type of the hop-by-hop option header (for example, the option type
  • the first two bits of the upper bit are "00" and the third bit of the upper bit is "1”
  • it is judged that the received message is a data link detection request (DLDReq) message, due to the option type (Option Type)
  • the third bit of the upper bit is "1"
  • the router RTA can modify the option data corresponding to the option type.
  • the router RTA appends the IPv6 address of the interface Port1 that receives the DLDReq message to the option data corresponding to the option type (in this case, the option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA and the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTA), and then the router RTA follows the route.
  • the outbound interface corresponding to the destination address of the DLDReq packet is forwarded, and the DLDReq packet is forwarded from the outbound interface.
  • the router RTB processes the IPv6 address of the interface Port1 that receives the DLDReq packet to the option data of the hop-by-hop option header of the DLDReq packet.
  • the option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTA, and the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTB. Then, the DLDReq packet is forwarded according to the destination address and the routing table.
  • step 5.4 after receiving the DLDReq packet, the destination node PCB processes the same manner as the RTB in step 5.2 and the IPv6 address of the interface that receives the DLDReq packet.
  • the option data of the DLDReq packet hop-by-hop option header (in this case, the option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTB, and the IPv6 address of the PCB), and then the DLDReq message.
  • a response is made, and a data link detection response message is constructed according to, for example, the structure of the data link detection response message shown in FIG.
  • the destination node PCB constructs a data link detection response message by: swapping the source address and the destination address of the data link detection request packet received by the destination node PCB, and selecting an option type in the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header (Option)
  • the first 3 bits of the upper bit in Type) are set to "000" to indicate that each routing node on the path of the destination node PCB to the source node PCA cannot change this option data.
  • the present disclosure has no limitation on the value of other bits of the option type of the data link detection response message. For example, corresponding to the above data link detection request message, the option type of the data link detection response message is set to "21. ", that is, the binary "00010101".
  • the option data of the data link detection response message can directly copy the option data in the data link detection request (DLDReq) message.
  • the destination node PCB After the data link detection response message is configured, the destination node PCB sends a data link detection response (DLDRes) according to the destination address of the data link detection response message (ie, the source node PCA address in FIG. 5). Packet (The option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA, the IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTA, the IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTB, and the IPv6 address of the PCB).
  • DLDRes data link detection response
  • Packet The option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA, the IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTA, the IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTB, and the IPv6 address of the PCB).
  • step 5.5 after the router RTB receives the DLDRes message, the router RTB needs to process the data packet because the DLDRes message has an IPv6 hop-by-hop option header.
  • the processing method of the response packet of the router RTB is: receiving the response packet, determining that the hop-by-hop option header is carried, and processing the hop-by-hop option header according to the option type of the hop-by-hop option header (for example, the high type of the option type)
  • the first two bits are "00" and the third bit of the upper bit is "0"), and the received message is judged to be a data link response (DLDRes) message due to the high order of the option type (Option Type).
  • the third bit is "0", so the router RTB does not modify the option data, and then the router RTB determines the outbound interface corresponding to the destination address of the response packet according to the routing table, and forwards the DLDRes packet from the outbound interface.
  • step 5.6 after the router RTA receives the DLDRes packet, the processing mode is the same as that of the router RTB.
  • the DLDRes packet is not modified and directly forwarded.
  • the source node PCA After receiving the DLDRes packet, the source node PCA processes the DLDRes packet: receiving the response packet, determining that the hop-by-hop option header is carried, and processing the hop-by-hop option header according to the hop-by-hop option.
  • the option type of the header for example, the first two bits of the upper bits of the option type are "00" and the third bit of the upper bits is "0"
  • the received message is determined to be a data link response message, and the hop-by-hop is extracted.
  • the option data part in the option header that is, the IPv6 address of the source node PCA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the router RTA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the router RTB, and the IP address list of the IPv6 address of the PCB, for the DLDRes message source IPv6
  • the comparison between the address and the last IPv6 address in the IP address list is the IPv6 address of the destination node PCB. Therefore, the source node PCA determines that the path of the destination node PCB is reachable, and the extracted forwarding path (ie, the IP address list) ) is the complete forwarding path between the source node PCA and the destination node PCB.
  • the source node PCA submits the forwarding path to the upper layer application for display or for further analysis, such as analyzing the stability of the route between the source node PCA and the destination node PCB.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an IPv6 data link detection method for acquiring a path interruption node according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • an example of the occurrence of a link interruption between a source node and a destination node in the present disclosure is obtained, and an interrupt node in the forwarding path is obtained.
  • Set the source node and the destination node to be PC terminals, that is, PCA and PCB.
  • step 6.1 as in step 5.1, the source node PCA sends a DLDReq message.
  • step 6.2 after receiving the DLDReq message, the router RTA attaches the IPv6 address of its own Port1 to the option data of the option type 53 in the hop-by-hop option header in the DLDReq message, as in step 5.2.
  • the time option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA and the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTA, and then forwards the DLDReq message according to the destination address and the routing table.
  • step 6.3 after receiving the DLDReq packet, the router RTB adds the IPv6 address of its own Port1 to the option data of the option type 53 in the hop-by-hop option header in the DLDReq packet.
  • the option data includes the IPv6 address of the PCA, the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTA, and the IPv6 address of the Port1 of the RTB. Then, the DLDReq packet is forwarded according to the destination address and the routing table.
  • the router RTB Because the link between the router RTB and the router RTC is interrupted, the router does not reach the route of the network segment where the destination node PCB is located, so the DLDReq packet cannot be forwarded. In this case, the router RTB responds to the DLDReq message, that is, generates a DLDRes message according to the received DLDReq message, and sends the generated DLDRes message to the source node PCA.
  • the method for constructing a data link detection response message by the RTB and the method for constructing the data link detection response message of the destination node PCB in step 5.4 are basically the same.
  • the RTB may reverse the source address and the destination address of the data link detection request message, and modify the first three bits of the upper part of the option type (Option Type) of the IPv6 hop-by-hop option header to “000”, thereby Generate a data link detection response message.
  • the method for the RTB to construct the data link detection response packet may include: using the IPv6 address of the RTB as the source IP address of the data link detection response packet, and using the IPv6 address of the source node PCA as the data link detection response report. The destination IP address of the text, thereby generating a data link detection response message.
  • the RTB further appends the destination address of the data link detection request message (i.e., the IPv6 address of the PCB) to the option data.
  • the router RTB After the data link detection response (DLDRes) message is constructed, the router RTB sends the DLDRes message according to the destination address of the DLDRes message (ie, the source node PCA address in FIG. 6).
  • the option data may include an IPv6 address of the PCA, an IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTA, and an IPv6 address of Port1 of the RTB.
  • the option data may include the PCA.
  • step 6.4 after receiving the DLDRes packet, the router RTA does not modify the response packet and forwards it directly, as in step 5.6.
  • the source node PCA After receiving the DLDRes packet, the source node PCA processes the response packet in the same manner as step 5.7, extracts the option data part in the hop-by-hop option header, and obtains the source IPv6 address and the extracted IP address of the DLDRes packet.
  • the source IPv6 address of the DLDRes packet may be the IPv6 address of the destination node PCB.
  • the last IPv6 address in the IP address list is the IPv6 address of Port1 of the router RTB.
  • the source IPv6 address of the DLDRes message may be the IPv6 address of Port 1 of the RTB.
  • the last IPv6 address in the IP address list is the IPv6 address of the PCB.
  • the source node, each intermediate routing node, and the destination node reflect their respective specific interface IPv6 addresses in the data link detection request message, so that the source node can send the data report at one time.
  • the complete forwarding path between the node and the destination node is accurately learned, and the interrupted routing node is accurately learned when the link is interrupted, which avoids the need for the source node to send data packets multiple times in the traditional route tracking technology.
  • There is an interruption in the link to ensure the best throughput of the network.
  • each node in the network in the present disclosure does not need to generate and send an ICMP response packet, which effectively avoids network attacks by malicious users and improves network security.

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Abstract

公开了一种数据链路的检测方法、装置及系统。所述检测方法包括步骤：从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；所述源节点接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及所述源节点获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并且所述源节点依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。

Description

数据链路的检测方法、装置及系统 技术领域
本公开涉及网络通信技术领域，特别涉及一种数据链路的检测方法、装置及系统。
背景技术
在互联网协议版本4(Internet Protocol version 4，IPv4)网络环境下，可以使用路由跟踪(traceroute)诊断工具或诊断方法来检测数据链路是否发生中断。但是，路由跟踪数据链路检测方法存在如下缺陷：浪费了网络带宽，检测时间长；大量消耗检测的源节点至目的节点之间的数据链路上路由节点的资源，影响这些路由节点的正常操作，引发安全性问题。
发明内容
根据本公开实施例提供的方案解决的技术问题至少包括数据链路检测的低效率和不安全的问题。
本公开实施例提供了一种数据链路的检测方法，包括步骤：从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；所述源节点接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及所述源节点获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并且所述源节点依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
本公开实施例还提供了一种数据链路的检测装置，包括：发送模块，其构造为从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；接收模块，其构造为接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及确定模块，其构造为获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
本公开实施例还提供了一种数据链路的检测系统，所述检测系 统包括源节点、中间路由节点和目的节点。所述源节点构造为：向所述目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文，接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文，并且获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。所述中间路由节点构造为：接收所述源节点向所述目的节点发送的所述数据链路检测请求报文，在所述中间路由节点与所述中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态的情况下，将所述中间路由节点的IP地址添加到所述数据链路检测请求报文，并转发给下一节点，或者在所述中间路由节点与所述中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。所述目的节点构造为：在所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路未发生中断的情况下，接收所述源节点向所述目的节点发送的所述数据链路检测请求报文，并且依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。
本公开实施例还提供了一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机程序在被计算机的处理器执行时使所述计算机执行根据本公开实施例所提供的数据链路的检测方法。
附图说明
本公开的说明书附图用来提供对本发明构思的进一步理解，并且构成本申请的一部分。本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明构思，并不用于限定本公开。在附图中：
图1是本公开实施例提供的一种数据链路的检测方法的流程图；
图2是本公开实施例提供的一种数据链路的检测装置的示意图；
图3是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测请求报文的报文格式示意图；
图4是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测响应报文的报文 格式示意图；
图5是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测方法获取完整转发路径示意图；
图6是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测方法获取路径中断节点示意图；
图7是本公开实施例提供的另一种数据链路的检测装置的示意图；
图8是本公开实施例提供的一种第一中间单元的示意图；以及
图9是本公开实施例提供的一种第二中间单元的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本公开的示例性实施例进行详细说明，应当理解，以下所说明的示例性实施例仅用于说明和解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
IPv4是互联网当前所使用的网络层协议，到目前为止，IPv4运行良好稳定。但是，随着互联网及其上所提供的服务突飞猛进的发展，IPv4已经暴露出一些不足之处。互联网协议版本6(Internet Protocol version 6，IPv6)是网络层协议的第二代标准协议，也被称为下一代互联网(IP next generation)，它是互联网工程任务组(Internet Engineering Task Force，IETF)设计的一套规范，是IPv4的升级版本。IPv6具有很多新特性，解决了IPv4很多不足，因此逐步引起越来越多的人的关注，成为新的热点。
IPv6相对于IPv4，除了提供巨大的地址空间外，还在很多方面进行了改进，譬如良好的扩展性。因为IPv6基本报头之后添加了扩展报头，IPv6可以很方便的实现功能扩展。IPv4报头中选项最多可以支持40个字节的选项，与IPv4报头中的选项不同，IPv6扩展报头没有最大长度的限制，因此可以容纳所有扩展数据。利用IPv6的这种扩展特性，可以对传统的数据链路检测方法进行改进。
本公开的发明人发现，传统的数据链路检测方法最常用的就是路由跟踪诊断工具或方法。目前路由跟踪数据链路检测的实现原理为： 源节点向目的节点发送特定目的端口(该端口实际不可达)的用户数据报协议(User Datagram Protocol，UDP)报文，并且将跳限制设置为“1”，第一个路由节点收到该报文后将该报文的跳限制修改为“0”。由于跳限制为“0”，该第一个路由节点不再继续转发该报文，相反，该第一个路由节点将该数据报文丢弃，并且向源节点发送一份互联网控制消息协议(Internet Control Message Protocol，ICMP)超时报文，该ICMP超时报文的源地址为该第一个路由节点的IP地址，这样发送UDP报文的源节点就可以知道转发路径上的该第一个路由节点的IP地址。然后源节点继续发送一个跳限制为“2”的UDP报文，并基于同样的原理，源节点就可以得到转发路径上的第二个路由节点的IP地址。继续上述过程，直到源节点发送的UDP报文到达目的节点。此时，目的节点回应一份ICMP端口不可达的错误报文。源节点收到该ICMP端口不可达的错误报文时，可以判断UDP报文已经到达目的节点，并结束整个跟踪过程。这样源节点便可以获得到达目的节点之间整个转发路径上的每个路由节点的IP地址。
如果某一中间路由节点到目的节点的路径发生中断，那么该中间路由节点在第一次收到源节点发出的到达该中间路由节点时跳限制已经变为“1”的UDP报文后，丢弃该UDP报文，并同样回应ICMP超时报文。源节点在收到该ICMP超时报文后，获得该中间路由节点的IP地址，然后将UDP报文的跳限制增加1后再次发送。在此情况下，再次发送的UDP报文到达该中间路由节点时的跳限制值为“2”。该中间路由节点第二次收到源节点发出的到达该中间路由节点时跳限制已经变为“2”的UDP报文后，查找下一跳路由以转发该UDP报文。但由于该中间路由节点到达目的节点的路径已经中断，因此找不到下一跳路由，并无法转发该UDP报文。在此情况下，该中间路由节点丢弃该UDP报文，但不会向源节点发送超时的ICMP报文。因此，源节点重传该UDP报文多次后，继续将UDP报文的跳限制的值递增并再次发送，一直到源节点发出的UDP报文的跳限制值达到上限(通常为“30”)为止。在此情况下，源节点认为跟踪超时，并停止跟踪过程。这样源节点可以获知到达目的节点的路径发生中断，并且可以获 知发生中断的中间路由节点。
本公开的发明人发现，传统的数据链路检测方法主要存在两个主要问题。问题一、利用跳限制的方式，在每次进行数据链路检测时和每个中间路由节点都需要进行一次或者多次检测报文和ICMP报文交互，浪费了网络带宽，并延长了定位时间。特别是在数据链路发生中断的情况下，由于没有ICMP超时报文返回，需要源节点自身等待超时，非常浪费时间。问题二、中间路由节点需要自身产生报文并发送，因此会占用中间路由节点的很多处理器资源。恶意用户可以通过发送大量的这种数据链路检测报文，并且在发现路由节点回复ICMP超时报文的情况下，不增加跳限制的值，大量重复发送之前的检测报文来攻击该路由节点，使得路由节点不得不处理大量的这种ICMP应答报文，从而大量消耗路由节点的资源，影响路由节点的正常转发工作，从而引发安全性问题。
图1是本公开实施例提供的一种数据链路的检测方法的流程图。
如图1所示，根据本公开实施例的数据链路检测方法可以包括步骤S101、步骤S102和步骤S103。
在步骤S101，从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文。
在步骤S102，源节点接收与数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文。
在步骤S103，源节点获取数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定源节点到目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。例如，所述源IP地址可以是生成数据链路检测响应报文的节点(或装置)的IP地址(例如，IPv6地址)，因此所述源IP地址可以被称为响应源IP地址(例如，响应源IPv6地址)。
在一些实施例中，源节点依据所述源IP地址确定源节点到目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断的步骤可以包括：源节点将所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址进行比较。如果所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址相同，则源节点确定数据链路未发生中断。如果所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址不同，则源节点确定数据链路发生中断。
在一些实施例中，在从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文的步骤之后，所述方法还可以包括步骤：第一中间节点接收数据链路检测请求报文，并且在第一中间节点与第一中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态的情况下，将第一中间节点的IP地址添加到数据链路检测请求报文；以及第一中间节点将添加有第一中间节点的IP地址的数据链路检测请求报文转发给下一节点。
在一些实施例中，在从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文的步骤之后，所述方法还可以包括：第二中间节点接收数据链路检测请求报文；以及在第二中间节点与第二中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，第二中间节点依据数据链路检测请求报文生成数据链路检测响应报文，并将数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。根据本公开实施例，第二中间节点依据数据链路检测请求报文生成数据链路检测响应报文的步骤可以包括：第二中间节点将第二中间节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将源节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。
图2是本公开实施例提供的一种数据链路的检测装置的示意图。
如图2所示，根据本公开实施例的数据链路的检测装置可以包括：发送模块201，其构造为从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；接收模块202，其构造为接收与数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及确定模块203，其构造为获取数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定源节点到目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
图7是本公开实施例提供的另一种数据链路的检测装置的示意图。
如图7所示，在一些实施例中，确定模块203可以包括：比较单元203a，其构造为将所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址进行比较；以及确定单元203b，其构造为在所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址相同的情况下，确定数据链路未发生中断，并且在所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址不同的情况下，确定所述数据链路发生中断。
图8是本公开实施例提供的一种第一中间单元的示意图。
如图8所示，在一些实施例中，数据链路中可以包括第一中间节点，所述第一中间节点可以包括：添加单元，其构造为接收数据链路检测请求报文，并将第一中间节点的IP地址添加到数据链路检测请求报文；以及发送单元，其构造为将添加有第一中间节点的IP地址的数据链路检测请求报文转发给下一节点，其中，第一中间节点与第一中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态。
图9是本公开实施例提供的一种第二中间单元的示意图。
如图9所示，在一些实施例中，数据链路中可以包括第二中间节点，所述第二中间节点可以包括：接收单元，其构造为接收数据链路检测请求报文；以及生成报文单元，其构造为依据数据链路检测请求报文生成数据链路检测响应报文，并将数据链路检测响应报文发送给源节点，其中，第二中间节点与第二中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态。根据本公开实施例，生成报文单元可以构造为将第二中间节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将源节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。
本公开实施例提供的数据链路的检测装置中的各个元件可以通过硬件、软件或者硬件和软件相结合的方式来实现。在一些实施例中，可以通过在进行数据链路检测的源节点至目的节点之间的各个节点上(例如，在源节点上)安装具有本文所描述的相应功能的一个或多个软件，并且由相应的节点来执行所述一个或多个软件，从而实现所述数据链路的检测装置中的各个元件。
本公开实施例提供了一种IPv6的数据链路检测系统，包括源节点、中间路由节点和目的节点。
源节点构造为：向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文，接收与数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文，并且获取数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定源节点到目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
中间路由节点构造为：接收源节点向目的节点发送的数据链路 检测请求报文，在该中间路由节点与该中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态的情况下，将中间路由节点的IP地址添加到数据链路检测请求报文，并转发给下一节点，或者在该中间路由节点与该中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，依据数据链路检测请求报文生成数据链路检测响应报文，并将数据链路检测响应报文发送给源节点。
目的节点构造为：在源节点到目的节点之间的数据链路未发生中断的情况下，接收源节点向目的节点发送的数据链路检测请求报文，并且依据数据链路检测请求报文生成数据链路检测响应报文，并将数据链路检测响应报文发送给源节点。
在一些实施例中，中间路由节点构造为：在该中间路由节点与该中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，将中间路由节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将源节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。
在一些实施例中，目的节点构造为：将目的节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将源节点的IP地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。
在一些实施例中，源节点构造为：将所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址进行比较，在所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址相同的情况下，确定数据链路未发生中断，并且在所述源IP地址与目的节点的IP地址不同的情况下，确定数据链路发生中断。
本公开实施例提供了一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机程序在被计算机的处理器执行时使所述计算机执行根据本公开实施例提供的数据链路的检测方法。
在一些实施例中，源节点、中间路由节点以及目的节点分别执行以下步骤a至步骤f。
在步骤a，源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文，强制或要求源节点到目的节点链路中接收到数据链路检测请求报文的各中间路由节点均需要对数据链路检测请求报文进行处理。
在步骤b，各中间路由节点接收到数据链路检测请求报文后，将其接收到该报文的接口的IPv6地址反映(例如，按接收顺序添加)在数据链路检测请求报文中，然后进行转发。
在步骤c，目的节点接收到数据链路检测请求报文后，将其接收到该报文的接口的IPv6地址反映(例如，添加)在数据链路检测请求报文中，并向源节点发送数据链路检测响应报文，以将数据链路检测请求报文中承载的数据转发路径信息发送至源节点。
在步骤d，源节点将其接收到的数据链路检测响应报文确定为目的节点的响应报文，提取出到目的节点之间的数据转发路径，并提交给上层应用做进一步处理。
在步骤e，如果源节点和目的节点之间的数据链路发生中断，中断处的路由节点将其接收到数据链路检测请求报文的接口的IPv6地址反映(例如，添加)在请求报文中，并向源节点发送数据链路检测响应报文，以将数据链路请求报文中承载的数据转发路径信息发送至源节点。
在步骤f，源节点将其接收到的数据链路检测响应报文确定为中间路由节点的响应报文，提取出数据链路检测响应报文中的数据转发路径，获取中断点，并提交给上层应用做进一步处理。
在一些实施例中，步骤a中IPv6数据链路检测请求报文为：设置有IPv6逐跳选项头的数据报文。IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”，高位的第3比特位为“1”，并且IPv6逐跳选项头的选项数据为IPv6地址值。
步骤a可以包括：在上层应用要求探测源节点至目的节点的转发路径时，或者探测源节点至目的节点转发路径上的中断节点时，或者在预定时间间隔超时后，从源节点确定需要向目的节点发出数据链路检测请求报文。
步骤a还可以包括：源节点在确定需要向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文时，根据目的节点的IPv6地址和自身的路由表，确定发送数据链路检测请求报文的接口，并将该接口的IPv6地址填写在所述数据链路检测请求报文逐跳选项头的选项数据部分。
步骤b可以包括：中间路由节点接收到数据链路检测请求报文，检查逐跳选项头的选项类型，例如，在IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“1”的情况下，确定接收到的报文为数据链路检测请求报文，并将自己收到检测请求报文的接口的IPv6地址附加到数据链路检测请求报文逐跳选项头的选项数据中(例如，附加到选项数据的末尾)，然后根据路由转发表继续转发数据链路检测请求报文。
在一些实施例中，步骤c中的IPv6数据链路检测响应报文为：设置有IPv6逐跳选项头的数据报文。IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”，高位的第3比特位为“0”，并且IPv6逐跳选项头的选项数据为拷贝数据链路检测请求报文的逐跳选项头的选项数据。
步骤c可以包括：目的节点接收到数据链路检测请求报文，检查逐跳选项头的选项类型，例如，在IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“1”的情况下，确定接收到的报文为数据链路检测请求报文，将自己收到检测请求报文的接口的IPv6地址附加到该选项类型的选项数据中(例如，附加到选项数据的末尾)，并对检测请求报文进行响应。响应处理的方式可以为，将检测请求报文的目的IPV6地址和源IPV6地址对调，并修改检测请求报文中逐跳选项头的选项类型为检测响应报文的类型，例如，IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”，然后将此响应报文发送给源节点。
步骤d可以包括：源节点接收到数据链路检测响应报文，检查逐跳选项头的选项类型，例如，在IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”的情况下，确定接收到的报文为数据链路检测响应报文，并提取数据链路检测响应报文逐跳选项头中的选项数据。如果选项数据中最后一个IPv6地址和响应报文的源地址一致，则判断此响应报文为目的节点所响应的，并且根据提取的选项数据中的信息，可以获得源节点到目的节点的完整转发路径。
步骤e可以包括：如果源节点和目的节点之间的数据链路发生中断，中断处的路由节点接收到数据链路检测请求报文，检查逐跳选项头的选项类型，例如，在IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“1”的情况下，确定接收的报文为数据链路检测请求报文，将自己收到检测请求报文的接口的IPv6地址附加到所述数据链路检测请求报文逐跳选项头的选项数据中(例如，附加到选项数据的末尾)，并对检测请求报文进行响应。响应处理的方式可以为，将检测请求报文的目的IPV6地址和源IPV6地址对调，并修改检测请求报文中逐跳选项头的选项类型为检测响应报文的类型，例如，IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”，然后将此响应报文发送给源节点。
步骤f可以包括：源节点接收到数据链路检测响应报文，检查逐跳选项头的选项类型，例如，在IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”的情况下，确定接收到的报文为数据链路检测响应报文，并提取数据链路检测响应报文逐跳选项头中的选项数据。如果选项数据中最后一个IPv6地址和响应报文的源地址不一致，则判断此响应报文为中间路由节点所响应的，根据提取的选项数据中的信息，便可以获得源节点到中断处路由节点的转发路径，并判断出中断路由节点。
下面结合附图3至附图6对本公开实施例进行进一步的说明。
图5是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测方法获取完整转发路径示意图。
如图5所示，描述了获取源节点和目的节点之间完整转发路径的一个实例。设定源节点和目的节点均为PC终端，即PCA和PCB，源节点和目的节点之间设置有2个路由器，即路由器RTA和路由器RTB。
在步骤5.1，当上层应用需要获取源节点PCA到目的节点PCB的完整转发路径，或者需要诊断源节点PCA到目的节点PCB的转发路径是否正常，并在不正常时进一步获取中断节点，或者预设的检测周 期定时超时时，源节点PCA确定需要发送到目的节点PCB的数据链路检测请求(Data Link Detection Request，DLDReq)报文。
IPv6DLDReq报文的结构如图3所示，除了正常的IPv6固定头部字段外，还增加了一个IPv6逐跳选项头(Hop-by-Hop Options Header)。IPv6逐跳选项头可以包括如图3和图4所示的“Option Type”、“Opt Data Len”、“the first IPv6 Address”、……以及“the last IPv6 Address”。在一些实施例中，IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型(Option Type)的高位的前两比特为“00”，表示当网络设备不识别此选项时跳过此选项的处理，这样，有效地保证了DLDReq报文能够被正常转发。选项类型(Option Type)的高位的第3比特位为“1”，表示从源节点到目的节点的中间路径上各中间路由节点可以更改选项数据。本公开对选项类型中的其他比特位没有限制，如本公开可以将IPv6选项头的选项类型设置为“53”，即，二进制的“00110101”。
本公开实施例可以保证数据链路请求报文的大小不超过IPv6协议所规定的IPv6链路的最小的最大传输单元(Maximum Transmission Unit，MTU)值，即1280字节。整个IPv6报文长度不大于1280就不会在链路上被丢弃，从而使该DLDReq报文能够正常到达目的节点。因此对于DLDReq报文中承载的净荷数据应该尽量的小(例如，不超过16字节)，这样按照DLDReq报文不大于1280字节计算，在逐跳选项头的选项数据部分最大可以承载75个IPv6地址，从而可以满足通常的路由跟踪(即，数据链路检测)的需求。
在源节点PCA发送DLDReq报文时，在请求报文中的选项数据添加第一个IPv6地址值，该IPv6地址可以设置为源节点PCA向目的节点PCB发出此请求报文的出接口的IPv6地址值。
在步骤5.2，路由器RTA接收到该DLDReq报文后，由于该DLDReq报文带有IPv6逐跳选项头，路由器RTA需要对此数据报文进行处理。路由器RTA对该请求报文的处理方式为：接收到请求报文，判断携带有逐跳选项头，对该逐跳选项头进行处理，根据该逐跳选项头的选项类型(例如，选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3 比特位为“1”)，判断接收到的报文为数据链路检测请求(DLDReq)报文，由于该选项类型(Option Type)的高位的第3比特为“1”，因此路由器RTA可以修改选项类型对应的选项数据。路由器RTA将接收到该DLDReq报文的接口Port1的IPv6地址附加到选项类型对应的选项数据中(此时选项数据中包含了PCA的IPv6地址和RTA的Port1的IPv6地址)，然后路由器RTA根据路由表，确定该DLDReq报文的目的地址对应的出接口，从出接口将该DLDReq报文转发出去。
在步骤5.3，路由器RTB接收到DLDReq报文后，和路由器RTA的处理方式一样，将自己接收到DLDReq报文的接口Port1的IPv6地址附加到DLDReq报文逐跳选项头的选项数据中(此时选项数据中包含了PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址和RTB的Port1的IPv6地址)，然后根据目的地址和路由表继续转发DLDReq报文。
在步骤5.4，目的节点PCB接收到DLDReq报文后，处理方式和步骤5.2中的RTA的处理方式和步骤5.3中的RTB的处理方式一样，将自己接收到DLDReq报文的接口的IPv6地址附加到DLDReq报文逐跳选项头的选项数据中(此时选项数据中依次包含了PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址、RTB的Port1的IPv6地址和PCB的IPv6地址)，然后对DLDReq报文进行响应，并按照例如图4所示的数据链路检测响应报文的结构构造数据链路检测响应报文。
目的节点PCB构造数据链路检测响应报文的方法为：将目的节点PCB接收到的数据链路检测请求报文的源地址和目的地址对调，并将IPv6逐跳选项头中的选项类型(Option Type)中的高位的前3比特设置为“000”，以表示目的节点PCB到源节点PCA的路径上的各路由节点不可以更改此选项数据。本公开对数据链路检测响应报文的选项类型的其他比特位的取值没有限制，如与以上数据链路检测请求报文相对应，数据链路检测响应报文的选项类型设置为“21”，即，二进制的“00010101”。此外，数据链路检测响应报文的选项数据可以直接拷贝数据链路检测请求(DLDReq)报文中的选项数据。
构造完成数据链路检测响应报文后，目的节点PCB根据该数据链路检测响应报文目的地址(即，图5中源节点PCA地址)发送数据 链路检测响应(Data Link Detection Response，DLDRes)报文(此时选项数据中包含了PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址、RTB的Port1的IPv6地址和PCB的IPv6地址)。
在步骤5.5，路由器RTB接收到DLDRes报文后，由于该DLDRes报文带有IPv6逐跳选项头，路由器RTB需要对此数据报文进行处理。路由器RTB对响应报文的处理方法为：接收到响应报文，判断携带有逐跳选项头，对该逐跳选项头进行处理，根据该逐跳选项头的选项类型(例如，选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”)，判断接收到的报文为数据链路响应(DLDRes)报文，由于该选项类型(Option Type)的高位的第3比特为“0”，因此路由器RTB不对选项数据做任何修改，然后路由器RTB根据路由表，确定该响应报文的目的地址对应的出接口，从该出接口将该DLDRes报文转发出去。
在步骤5.6，路由器RTA接收到DLDRes报文后，处理方式和路由器RTB一样，不对DLDRes报文做任何修改，直接转发。
在步骤5.7，源节点PCA接收到DLDRes报文后，对该DLDRes报文进行处理：接收到响应报文，判断携带有逐跳选项头，对该逐跳选项头进行处理，根据该逐跳选项头的选项类型(例如，选项类型的高位的前两比特位为“00”且高位的第3比特位为“0”)，判断接收到的报文为数据链路响应报文，提取逐跳选项头中的选项数据部分，即，依次包括源节点PCA的IPv6地址、路由器RTA的Port1的IPv6地址、路由器RTB的Port1的IPv6地址和PCB的IPv6地址的IP地址列表，对DLDRes报文源IPv6地址和IP地址列表中的最后一个IPv6地址的对比，由于都是目的节点PCB的IPv6地址，因此源节点PCA判断到目的节点PCB的路径可达，并且提取出的转发路径(即，IP地址列表)为源节点PCA到目的节点PCB之间的完整转发路径。源节点PCA将转发路径提交给上层应用进行显示或者用于进一步分析，如分析源节点PCA到目的节点PCB之间路由的稳定性。
图6是本公开实施例提供的IPv6数据链路检测方法获取路径中断节点示意图。
如图6所示，描述了本公开在源节点和目的节点之间发生链路中断，获取转发路径中中断节点的一个实例。设定源节点和目的节点均为PC终端，即PCA和PCB，源节点PCA和目的节点PCB之间设置有3个路由器，即路由器RTA，路由器RTB和路由器RTC，并且路由器RTB和路由器RTC之间发生中断。
在步骤6.1，同步骤5.1一样，源节点PCA发出DLDReq报文。
在步骤6.2，路由器RTA在接收到DLDReq报文后，同步骤5.2一样，在DLDReq报文中的逐跳选项头中的选项类型为“53”的选项数据中附加上自己Port1的IPv6地址(此时选项数据中包含了PCA的IPv6地址和RTA的Port1的IPv6地址)，然后根据目的地址和路由表转发DLDReq报文。
在步骤6.3，路由器RTB接收到DLDReq报文后，同步骤5.3一样，在DLDReq报文中的逐跳选项头中的选项类型为“53”的选项数据中附加上自己Port1的IPv6地址(此时选项数据中包含了PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址和RTB的Port1的IPv6地址)，然后根据目的地址和路由表转发DLDReq报文。
由于路由器RTB和路由器RTC之间的链路中断，路由器RTB中没有到达目的节点PCB所在网段的路由，因此无法转发DLDReq报文。在此情况下，路由器RTB对DLDReq报文进行响应，即，根据接收到的DLDReq报文生成DLDRes报文，并且将所生成的DLDRes报文发送给源节点PCA。
RTB构造数据链路检测响应报文的方法和步骤5.4中目的节点PCB构造数据链路检测响应报文的方法基本上一致。例如，RTB可以将数据链路检测请求报文的源地址和目的地址对调，并且将所述IPv6逐跳选项头的选项类型(Option Type)的高位的前三比特位修改为“000”，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。可替换地，RTB构造数据链路检测响应报文的方法可以包括：将RTB的IPv6地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将源节点PCA的IPv6地址作为数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成数据链路检测响应报文。在此情况下，RTB在选项数据中进一步附加上数据链路检测请 求报文的目的地址(即，PCB的IPv6地址)。
构造完成数据链路检测响应(DLDRes)报文后，路由器RTB根据该DLDRes报文目的地址(即，图6中源节点PCA地址)发送该DLDRes报文。此时，选项数据中可以包含PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址和RTB的Port1的IPv6地址。可替换地，在将RTB的IPv6地址作为DLDRes报文的源IP地址，将源节点PCA的IPv6地址作为DLDRes报文的目的IP地址以生成DLDRes报文的情况下，选项数据中可以包含PCA的IPv6地址、RTA的Port1的IPv6地址、RTB的Port1的IPv6地址和PCB的IPv6地址。
在步骤6.4，路由器RTA接收到DLDRes报文后，同步骤5.6一样，不对响应报文做任何修改，直接转发。
在步骤6.5，源节点PCA接收到DLDRes报文后，同步骤5.7一样，对该响应报文进行处理，提取逐跳选项头中的选项数据部分，通过对DLDRes报文的源IPv6地址和提取IP地址列表中的最后一个IPv6地址的对比，由于两个地址不一样，因此源节点PCA认为到目的节点PCB的路径发生中断，并可知中断发生在路由器RTB上，将结果提交给上层应用进行显示或者用于进一步分析。DLDRes报文的源IPv6地址可以为目的节点PCB的IPv6地址，在此情况下，IP地址列表中的最后一个IPv6地址为路由器RTB的Port1的IPv6地址。可替换地，DLDRes报文的源IPv6地址可以为RTB的Port1的IPv6地址，在此情况下，IP地址列表中的最后一个IPv6地址为PCB的IPv6地址。
根据本公开实施例提供的方案，通过使源节点，各中间路由节点和目的节点均将其各自的特定接口IPv6地址反映在数据链路检测请求报文中，使源节点能够在一次发送数据报文后，准确获知其与目的节点之间完整转发路径，并在链路中断的时候，准确获知中断路由节点，避免了传统的路由跟踪技术中源节点需要多次发送数据报文，才能发现数据链路存在中断，从而保证了网络的最佳吞吐量。同时本公开中的网络中各节点不需要生成并发送ICMP应答报文，有效避免了恶意用户的网络攻击，提高了网络安全性。
因此，根据本公开实施例提供的方案，能够实现提高数据链路检测效率，节省网络带宽，减少检测延迟，提高网络安全性的有益技术效果。
尽管上文对本公开的示例性实施例进行了详细说明，但是本公开不限于此，本技术领域技术人员可以根据本公开的原理进行各种修改。因此，凡按照本公开原理所作的修改，都应当理解为落入本公开的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种数据链路的检测方法，包括步骤：
    从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；
    所述源节点接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及
    所述源节点获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并且所述源节点依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述源节点依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断的步骤包括：
    所述源节点将所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址进行比较；
    若所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址相同，则所述源节点确定所述数据链路未发生中断；
    若所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址不同，则所述源节点确定所述数据链路发生中断。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，所述源节点依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断的步骤包括：
    所述源节点将所述源IP地址与所述数据链路检测响应报文中携带的IP地址列表中的最后一个IP地址进行比较；
    若所述源IP地址与所述最后一个IP地址相同，则所述源节点确定所述数据链路未发生中断；
    若所述源IP地址与所述最后一个IP地址不同，则所述源节点确定所述数据链路发生中断。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在从所述源节点向所述目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文的步骤之后，所述方法还包括步骤：
    第一中间节点接收所述数据链路检测请求报文，并将所述第一中间节点的IP地址添加到所述数据链路检测请求报文；以及
    所述第一中间节点将添加有所述第一中间节点的IP地址的数据链路检测请求报文转发给下一节点，
    其中，所述第一中间节点与所述第一中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中，在从所述源节点向所述目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文的步骤之后，所述方法还包括步骤：
    第二中间节点接收所述数据链路检测请求报文；以及
    所述第二中间节点依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点，
    其中，所述第二中间节点与所述第二中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述第二中间节点依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文的步骤包括：
    所述第二中间节点将所述第二中间节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将所述源节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成所述数据链路检测响应报文。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中，所述第二中间节点依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文的步骤 包括：
    所述第二中间节点将所述第二中间节点的IP地址添加到所述数据链路检测响应报文；以及
    所述第二中间节点将目的节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将所述源节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成所述数据链路检测响应报文。
  8. 一种数据链路的检测装置，包括：
    发送模块，其构造为从源节点向目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文；
    接收模块，其构造为接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文；以及
    确定模块，其构造为获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，其中，所述确定模块包括：
    比较单元，其构造为将所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址进行比较；以及
    确定单元，其构造为在所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址相同的情况下，确定所述数据链路未发生中断，并且在所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址不同的情况下，确定所述数据链路发生中断。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，所述数据链路中包括第一中间节点，所述第一中间节点包括：
    添加单元，其构造为接收所述数据链路检测请求报文，并将所述第一中间节点的IP地址添加到所述数据链路检测请求报文；以及
    发送单元，其构造为将添加有所述第一中间节点的IP地址的数据链路检测请求报文转发给下一节点，
    其中，所述第一中间节点与所述第一中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的装置，所述数据链路中包括第二中间节点，所述第二中间节点包括：
    接收单元，其构造为接收所述数据链路检测请求报文；以及
    生成报文单元，其构造为依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点，
    其中，所述第二中间节点与所述第二中间节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的装置，其中，所述生成报文单元构造为：
    将所述第二中间节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将所述源节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成所述数据链路检测响应报文。
  13. 一种数据链路的检测系统，包括源节点、中间路由节点和目的节点，其中，
    所述源节点构造为：
    向所述目的节点发送数据链路检测请求报文，
    接收与所述数据链路检测请求报文对应的数据链路检测响应报文，并且
    获取所述数据链路检测响应报文中的源IP地址，并依据所述源IP地址确定所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路是否发生中断，
    所述中间路由节点构造为：
    接收所述源节点向所述目的节点发送的所述数据链路检测请求报文，
    在所述中间路由节点与所述中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于未中断状态的情况下，将所述中间路由节点的IP地址添加到所述数据链路检测请求报文，并转发给下一节点，或者
    在所述中间路由节点与所述中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点，并且
    所述目的节点构造为：
    在所述源节点到所述目的节点之间的数据链路未发生中断的情况下，接收所述源节点向所述目的节点发送的所述数据链路检测请求报文，并且
    依据所述数据链路检测请求报文生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的检测系统，其中，所述中间路由节点构造为：
    在所述中间路由节点与所述中间路由节点的下一节点之间的数据链路处于中断状态的情况下，将所述中间路由节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将所述源节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的检测系统，其中，所述目的节点构造为：
    将所述目的节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的源IP地址，将所述源节点的IP地址作为所述数据链路检测响应报文的目的IP地址，从而生成所述数据链路检测响应报文，并将所述数据链路检测响应报文发送给所述源节点。
  16. 根据权利要求13所述的检测系统，其中，所述源节点构造 为：
    将所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址进行比较，在所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址相同的情况下，确定所述数据链路未发生中断，并且在所述源IP地址与所述目的节点的IP地址不同的情况下，确定所述数据链路发生中断。
  17. 一种存储有计算机程序的计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机程序在被计算机的处理器执行时使所述计算机执行根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法。
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