WO2018119921A1 - 具有级间冷却的lng燃气轮机 - Google Patents

具有级间冷却的lng燃气轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018119921A1
WO2018119921A1 PCT/CN2016/113138 CN2016113138W WO2018119921A1 WO 2018119921 A1 WO2018119921 A1 WO 2018119921A1 CN 2016113138 W CN2016113138 W CN 2016113138W WO 2018119921 A1 WO2018119921 A1 WO 2018119921A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lng
air
combustion chamber
compressor
natural gas
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PCT/CN2016/113138
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
胡秀文
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深圳智慧能源技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/113138 priority Critical patent/WO2018119921A1/zh
Publication of WO2018119921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018119921A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/20Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products
    • F02C3/22Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid using a special fuel, oxidant, or dilution fluid to generate the combustion products the fuel or oxidant being gaseous at standard temperature and pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/16Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium
    • F02C7/18Cooling of plants characterised by cooling medium the medium being gaseous, e.g. air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02CGAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/22Fuel supply systems
    • F02C7/224Heating fuel before feeding to the burner

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of gas turbines, and more particularly to an L NG gas turbine with interstage cooling that can improve the efficiency of a gas turbine.
  • LNG is environmentally clean and has a low price.
  • LNG's cold energy is rich, and it is a great waste to not use it.
  • the present invention proposes an LNG gas turbine with interstage cooling that can fully utilize LNG cold energy.
  • the present invention provides an LNG gas turbine having interstage cooling, including a combustion chamber, a turbine, and a compressor, the compressor being in communication with the combustion chamber for supplying compressed air to the combustion chamber, the turbine a gas working medium in communication with the combustion chamber for receiving the output of the combustion chamber, the compressor being drivingly coupled to the turbine, the compressor comprising a front stage pressure air impeller, a rear stage pressure air impeller, and a communication a compressed air passage between the front stage compressed air impeller and the rear stage compressed air impeller, the gas turbine further comprising a natural gas delivery passage for conveying natural gas to the combustion chamber, the compressor further comprising a first heat exchanger, the first exchange
  • the heater is constructed and connected such that the LNG within the natural gas delivery passage and the compressed air passage The compressed air undergoes heat exchange to reduce the temperature of the compressed air while vaporizing at least a portion of the LNG.
  • the compressor includes an air input passage and a second heat exchanger, and the air input passage communicates with the front stage compressed air impeller to input ambient air to the front stage compressed air impeller.
  • the second heat exchanger is constructed and coupled such that the LNG in the natural gas delivery passage exchanges heat with the input air in the air input passage to reduce the temperature of the input air, at least a portion of the LNG vaporization,
  • the flow of the natural gas delivery channel is upward, and the second heat exchanger is located upstream of the first heat exchanger.
  • one end of the natural gas delivery channel is connected to an LNG transfer pump, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber, and the LNG transfer pump is configured to pump the LNG to the natural gas delivery channel.
  • the present invention also provides an LNG gas turbine having interstage cooling, including a combustion chamber, a turbine, and a compressor, the compressor being in communication with the combustion chamber for supplying compressed air to the combustion chamber, Directly communicating with the combustion chamber for receiving gas working fluid outputted by the combustion chamber, the compressor is drivingly connected to the turbine, the compressor comprises several stages of compression units, and each two adjacent compression units There is a compressed air passage connected therebetween, the gas turbine further includes a natural gas delivery passage for conveying natural gas to the combustion chamber, the compressor further comprising a plurality of first heat exchangers, wherein each of the first heat exchangers and one of the compression units Corresponding to the air passage, at least one of the first heat exchangers is constructed and connected such that the LNG in the natural gas delivery passage exchanges heat with the compressed air in the corresponding compressed air passage to reduce the temperature of the compressed air. At least a portion of the LNG is vaporized.
  • the compressor includes an air input passage and a second heat exchanger
  • the air input passage is in communication with the first stage compression unit of the plurality of stages of compression units to the first stage
  • the compression unit inputs ambient air
  • the second heat exchanger is constructed and connected such that the LNG in the natural gas delivery passage exchanges heat with the input air in the air input passage to reduce the temperature of the input air at least Part of the LNG vaporization, in the flow direction of the natural gas delivery channel, the second heat exchanger is located upstream of any one of the first heat exchangers.
  • one end of the natural gas delivery channel is connected to an LNG transfer pump, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber, and the LNG transfer pump is configured to pump the LNG to the natural gas delivery channel.
  • the present invention provides an LNG gas turbine with interstage cooling.
  • the LNG gas turbine comprises a plurality of stages of compression units, and a compression air passage is connected between each two adjacent compression units, and a first heat exchanger is arranged on each of the compressed air passages, so that the LNG and the compressed air passages in the natural gas transmission passage are arranged. Compressed air heat exchange to reduce the temperature of the compressed air.
  • the present invention also provides a second heat exchanger on the air input passage in communication with the first stage compression unit such that the LNG exchanges heat with the input air to reduce the temperature of the input air.
  • the LNG gas turbine of the present invention uses LNG as a cold source to absorb the heat of the input air of the compressor and the interstage compressed air to vaporize the LNG. Make full use of the energy contained in LNG itself, reduce the volume of heat exchange equipment, improve heat exchange efficiency, increase energy utilization, improve the efficiency of gas turbines in a better way, reduce pollutant emissions, and save operating costs.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic view of a LNG gas turbine of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides an LNG gas turbine having interstage cooling, the LNG gas turbine including a combustion chamber, a turbine, and a compressor.
  • the compressor is in communication with the combustion chamber for supplying compressed air to the combustion chamber
  • the turbine is in communication with the combustion chamber for receiving the gas working fluid output from the combustion chamber, and the compressor is drivingly coupled to the turbine.
  • the LNG gas turbine further includes a natural gas delivery passage for conveying natural gas to the combustion chamber, one end of the natural gas delivery passage being connected to an LNG transfer pump for pumping LNG to the combustion chamber through the natural gas delivery passage and the other end to the combustion chamber.
  • the compressor includes a plurality of stages of compression units, an air input passage, a plurality of first heat exchangers, and a second heat exchanger.
  • the air input passage communicates with the first stage compression unit of the plurality of stages of compression units to input ambient air to the first stage compression unit
  • the second heat exchanger is constructed and connected such that the LN in the natural gas delivery passage G exchanges heat with the input air in the air input passage to reduce the temperature of the input air, and at least partially vaporizes the LNG.
  • the natural gas passing through the second heat exchanger is actually a mixture of LNG/gaseous natural gas.
  • a compressed air passage is connected between each two adjacent compression units, and each first heat exchanger corresponds to one of the compressed air passages, and each of the first heat exchangers is constructed and connected such that the LNG in the natural gas transmission passage Heat exchange with compressed air in the corresponding compressed air passage to reduce the temperature of the compressed air
  • a plurality of first heat exchangers and a second heat exchanger are both located on the natural gas transmission channel, and the second heat exchanger is further located on the air input channel to realize heat exchange between the LNG and the input air, so that at least Part of the LNG vaporizes to reduce the temperature of the input air; a plurality of first heat exchangers are respectively located on the corresponding compressed air passages to realize heat exchange between the LNG and the interstage compressed air, reduce the temperature of the compressed air between the stages, and at least partially L NG vaporization.
  • the second heat exchanger is located upstream of any one of the first heat exchangers.
  • an LNG gas turbine 10 having interstage cooling is provided.
  • the LNG gas turbine 10 includes a combustion chamber 12, a turbine 14, a compressor 16, and a natural gas delivery passage 18 for delivering natural gas to the combustion chamber 12.
  • the combustion chamber 12 includes a combustion chamber inlet 20 and a combustion chamber outlet 22, and the turbine 14 includes a turbine inlet 24 and a turbine outlet 26.
  • the turbine inlet 24 is in communication with the combustor outlet 22 for receiving gas working fluid
  • the compressor 16 is in communication with the combustor inlet 20 to provide compressed air to the combustor 12.
  • One end of the natural gas delivery passage 18 is connected to an LNG transfer pump 28, and the other end is connected to the combustion chamber 12.
  • the LNG transfer pump 28 is used to pump LNG to the natural gas delivery passage 18, and the LNG is vaporized and sent to the combustion chamber 12.
  • the compressor 16 includes a two-stage compression unit including a front stage compressor impeller 30 and a rear stage compressor wheel 32, a front stage compressor wheel 30 and a rear stage compressor wheel 32. There is a compressed air passage 34 connected therebetween.
  • the front stage compressor impeller 32 includes a front stage compressor air impeller inlet 36 and a front stage compressor air impeller outlet 38.
  • the rear stage compressor air impeller 32 includes a rear stage compressor air impeller inlet 40 and a rear stage compressor air impeller outlet 42.
  • a compressed air passage 34 is formed between the front stage compressed air impeller outlet 38 and the rear stage compressed air impeller inlet 40.
  • the compressor 16 also includes an air input passage 44, a first heat exchanger 46, and a second heat exchanger 48.
  • the air input passage 44 communicates with the front stage compressor impeller inlet 36 to input ambient air to the forward stage compressor impeller 30, the second heat exchange
  • the device 48 is constructed and coupled such that the LNG within the natural gas delivery passage 18 exchanges heat with the input air within the air input passage 44 to reduce the temperature of the input air while vaporizing the LNG.
  • the first heat exchanger 46 is constructed and connected such that the LNG within the natural gas delivery passage 18 exchanges heat with the compressed air within the compressed air passage 34 to reduce the temperature of the compressed air while further vaporizing the LNG.
  • first heat exchanger 46 and the second heat exchanger 48 are located on the natural gas delivery passage 18.
  • the second heat exchanger 48 is also located on the air input passage 44 to realize heat exchange between the LNG and the input air; the first heat exchanger 46 is also located on the compressed air passage 34 to realize the exchange of LNG and interstage compressed air. heat. In the flow direction of the natural gas delivery passage 18, the second heat exchanger 48 is located upstream of the first heat exchanger 46.
  • the LNG transfer pump 28 is operated first, and the LNG is transported into the second heat exchanger 48.
  • the air entering the front stage compressor impeller 30 passes through the second heat exchanger 48, and the LNG in the second heat exchanger 48.
  • the input air is cooled and cooled, and the same LNG is also vaporized to some extent. Incompletely vaporized LNG and/or low temperature gaseous natural gas continues to flow into the first heat exchanger 46.
  • the air compressed by the front stage compressor impeller 30 passes through the first heat exchanger 46, and the compressed air is cooled and cooled by the LNG/gaseous natural gas in the first heat exchanger 46, and the cooled compressed air is passed to the after-stage pressure air impeller 32 to continue.
  • the compressed, vaporized gaseous natural gas is introduced into the combustion chamber 14, and the air compressed by the after-stage compressed air impeller 32 is introduced into the combustion chamber 14.
  • the vaporized gaseous natural gas and compressed air are mixed and combusted in the combustion chamber 14 to drive the turbine of the turbine 16 to perform work.
  • the front stage compressor impeller and the rear stage compressor head are only for any two adjacent stage compressor guns.
  • the first-stage impeller and the second-stage impeller constitute two adjacent stages, then the first-stage impeller is called the pre-stage, and the second-stage impeller is called the latter stage.
  • the second stage impeller and the third stage impeller also constitute two adjacent stages, and the second stage impeller is referred to as the front stage, and the third stage impeller is referred to as the rear stage.
  • the compressor includes two or more stages of compressor blades of the same compressor.
  • each compression unit of the compressor can also be implemented as a single compressor, whereby each compressor can be coaxially coupled to the turbine.
  • the compression unit of the compressor is a single compressor, the structure is arranged in a similar manner to that of the above-described compressor impeller, and the only difference is that the compressor is replaced by a compressor.
  • the present invention provides an LNG gas turbine with interstage cooling.
  • the compressor of the LNG gas turbine comprises a plurality of stages of compression units, and a compression air passage is connected between each two adjacent compression units, and a first heat exchanger is arranged on each of the compressed air passages, so that the LNG in the natural gas transmission passage is The compressed air in the compressed air passage exchanges heat to reduce the temperature of the compressed air, while at least a portion of the LNG is vaporized.
  • the present invention also provides a second heat exchanger on the air input passage in communication with the first stage compression unit such that the LNG exchanges heat with the input air to reduce the temperature of the input air.
  • the LNG gas turbine of the present invention uses LNG as a cold source to absorb the heat of the input air of the compressor and the interstage compressed air, and the heat of the recovered air is used to vaporize the LNG while reducing the air temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有级间冷却的LNG燃气轮机,包括燃烧室、透平和压气机,所述压气机与所述燃烧室连通用以向所述燃烧室提供压缩空气,所述透平与所述燃烧室连通用以接收所述燃烧室输出的燃气工质,所述压气机与所述透平驱动连接,所述压气机包括前级压气叶轮、后级压气叶轮以及连通于所述前级压气叶轮和后级压气叶轮之间的压缩空气通道,所述燃气轮机还包括向所述燃烧室输送天然气的天然气输送通道,所述压气机还包括第一换热器,所述第一换热器构造并连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的天然气与所述压缩空气通道内的压缩空气进行换热以降低所述压缩空气的温度。

Description

具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及燃气轮机领域, 特别涉及一种可提高燃机效率的具有级间冷却的 L NG燃气轮机。
背景技术
[0002] 燃气轮机工作吋, 压气机叶轮压缩空气进入燃烧室和燃料混合燃烧。 有一种提 高燃机功率的方法, 是增多压缩级数提高空气压比。 这样会存在一个问题, 空 气经过前段压缩吋温度提高了, 此吋再在后段进一步压缩吋就相对困难一些。 于是就压气机级间加中冷设备来提高压气机的效率。 对于烧天然气的燃机, 通 常通过水来换热。 还有一种提高燃机效率的方法是对进入压气机前的空气换热 冷却, 而且和常温空气换热的介质必须得比空气温度低很多才能高效冷却。 这 种换热投入的辅助设备较多, 换热效率不高, 体积相对较大。
[0003] LNG环保清洁, 价格较低。 对于烧 LNG的燃机, LNG的冷能蕴含丰富, 不加以 利用是一种极大的浪费。
技术问题
[0004] 有鉴于此, 本发明提出一种可充分利用 LNG冷能的具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮 机。
问题的解决方案
技术解决方案
[0005] 本发明提出一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 包括燃烧室、 透平和压气机, 所述压气机与所述燃烧室连通用以向所述燃烧室提供压缩空气, 所述透平与所 述燃烧室连通用以接收所述燃烧室输出的燃气工质, 所述压气机与所述透平驱 动连接, 所述压气机包括前级压气叶轮、 后级压气叶轮以及连通于所述前级压 气叶轮和后级压气叶轮之间的压缩空气通道, 所述燃气轮机还包括向所述燃烧 室输送天然气的天然气输送通道, 所述压气机还包括第一换热器, 所述第一换 热器构造并连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的 LNG与所述压缩空气通道内的 压缩空气进行换热以降低所述压缩空气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽化。
[0006] 在一实施例中, 所述压气机包括空气输入通道和第二换热器, 所述空气输入通 道与所述前级压气叶轮连通以向所述前级压气叶轮输入环境空气, 所述第二换 热器构造和连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的 LNG与所述空气输入通道内的 输入空气进行换热以降低所述输入空气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽化, 在 所述天然气输送通道的流向上, 所述第二换热器位于所述第一换热器上游。
[0007] 在一实施例中, 所述天然气输送通道一端连接一 LNG输送泵, 另一端连通至所 述燃烧室, 所述 LNG输送泵用以向所述天然气输送通道泵送所述 LNG。
[0008] 本发明还提出一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 包括燃烧室、 透平和压气机 , 所述压气机与所述燃烧室连通用以向所述燃烧室提供压缩空气, 所述透平与 所述燃烧室连通用以接收所述燃烧室输出的燃气工质, 所述压气机与所述透平 驱动连接, 所述压气机包括若干级压缩单元, 每两级相邻的压缩单元之间连通 有压缩空气通道, 所述燃气轮机还包括向所述燃烧室输送天然气的天然气输送 通道, 所述压气机还包括若干第一换热器, 其中每一第一换热器与其中一压缩 空气通道对应, 至少其中一个第一换热器构造并连接成使得所述天然气输送通 道内的 LNG与所述对应的压缩空气通道内的压缩空气进行换热以降低所述压缩 空气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽化。
[0009] 在一实施例中, 所述压气机包括空气输入通道和第二换热器, 所述空气输入通 道与所述若干级压缩单元的第一级压缩单元连通以向所述第一级压缩单元输入 环境空气, 所述第二换热器构造和连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的 LNG与 所述空气输入通道内的输入空气进行换热以降低所述输入空气的温度同吋至少 部分所述 LNG汽化, 在所述天然气输送通道的流向上, 所述第二换热器位于任 何一个所述第一换热器的上游。
[0010] 在一实施例中, 所述天然气输送通道一端连接一 LNG输送泵, 另一端连通至所 述燃烧室, 所述 LNG输送泵用以向所述天然气输送通道泵送所述 LNG。
发明的有益效果
有益效果
[0011] 综上所述, 本发明提供一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机。 该 LNG燃气轮机的 压气机包括若干级压缩单元, 每两级相邻的压缩单元之间连通有压缩空气通道 , 每一压缩空气通道上设置一第一换热器, 使得天然气输送通道内的 LNG与压 缩空气通道内的压缩空气换热以降低压缩空气的温度。 此外, 本发明还在与第 一级压缩单元连通的空气输入通道上设置第二换热器, 使得 LNG与输入空气进 行换热以降低输入空气的温度。 本发明的 LNG燃气轮机以 LNG作为冷源吸收压 气机的输入空气和级间压缩空气的热能以汽化 LNG。 充分利用了 LNG本身蕴含 的能量, 减小换热设备的体积, 提高换热效率, 增加能量利用率, 以一种更好 的方式提高了燃气轮机的效率, 降低污染物排放, 节约使用成本。
对附图的简要说明
附图说明
[0012] 图 1为本发明的 LNG燃气轮机的简化结构示意图。
本发明的实施方式
[0013] 在详细描述实施例之前, 应该理解的是, 本发明不限于本申请中下文或附图中 所描述的详细结构或元件排布。 本发明可为其它方式实现的实施例。 而且, 应 当理解, 本文所使用的措辞及术语仅仅用作描述用途, 不应作限定性解释。 本 文所使用的"包括"、 "包含"、 "具有"等类似措辞意为包含其后所列出之事项、 其 等同物及其它附加事项。 特别是, 当描述 "一个某元件 "吋, 本发明并不限定该元 件的数量为一个, 也可以包括多个。
[0014] 本发明提供一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 该 LNG燃气轮机包括燃烧室、 透平和压气机。 压气机与燃烧室连通用以向燃烧室提供压缩空气, 透平与燃烧 室连通用以接收燃烧室输出的燃气工质, 压气机与透平驱动连接。 LNG燃气轮 机还包括向燃烧室输送天然气的天然气输送通道, 所述天然气输送通道一端连 接一 LNG输送泵, LNG输送泵用以通过天然气输送通道向燃烧室泵送 LNG, 另 一端连通至燃烧室。
[0015] 压气机包括若干级压缩单元、 空气输入通道、 若干第一换热器及一第二换热器 。 其中空气输入通道与所述若干级压缩单元的第一级压缩单元连通以向第一级 压缩单元输入环境空气, 第二换热器构造和连接成使得天然气输送通道内的 LN G与空气输入通道内的输入空气进行换热, 以降低输入空气的温度, 同吋至少部 分 LNG汽化。 这样, 通过第二换热器的天然气实际上为 LNG/气态天然气的混合 气。 每两级相邻的压缩单元之间连通有压缩空气通道, 每一第一换热器与其中 一压缩空气通道对应, 且每一第一换热器构造并连接成使得天然气输送通道内 的 LNG与对应的压缩空气通道内的压缩空气进行换热, 以降低压缩空气的温度
[0016] 具体而言, 若干第一换热器和第二换热器均位于天然气输送通道上, 第二换热 器还位于空气输入通道上, 以实现 LNG与输入空气的换热, 使至少部分 LNG汽 化, 降低输入空气的温度; 若干第一换热器分别位于对应的压缩空气通道上, 以实现 LNG与级间压缩空气的换热, 减低级间压缩空气的温度, 并使至少部分 L NG汽化。 在天然气输送通道的流向上, 第二换热器位于任何一个第一换热器的 上游。
[0017] 下面以压气机具有两级压缩单元为例进行具体说明。 如图 1所示, 提供一具有 级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机 10, 该 LNG燃气轮机 10包括燃烧室 12、 透平 14、 压气 机 16及向燃烧室 12输送天然气的天然气输送通道 18。 燃烧室 12包括燃烧室入口 2 0和燃烧室出口 22, 透平 14包括透平入口 24和透平出口 26。 透平入口 24与燃烧室 出口 22连通以接收燃气工质, 压气机 16与燃烧室入口 20连通以向燃烧室 12提供 压缩空气。 天然气输送通道 18的一端与一 LNG输送泵 28连通, 另一端连通至燃 烧室 12, LNG输送泵 28用以向天然气输送通道 18泵送 LNG, LNG汽化后向燃烧 室 12输送。
[0018] 在所示的实施例中, 压气机 16包括两级压缩单元, 所述两级压缩单元包括前级 压气叶轮 30和后级压气叶轮 32, 前级压气叶轮 30与后级压气叶轮 32之间连通有 压缩空气通道 34。 前级压气叶轮 32包括前级压气叶轮入口 36和前级压气叶轮出 口 38, 后级压气叶轮 32包括后级压气叶轮入口 40和后级压气叶轮出口 42, 后级 压气叶轮出口 42与燃烧室 12连通。 前级压气叶轮出口 38与后级压气叶轮入口 40 之间形成压缩空气通道 34。
[0019] 压气机 16还包括空气输入通道 44、 第一换热器 46和第二换热器 48。 空气输入通 道 44与前级压气叶轮入口 36连通以向前级压气叶轮 30输入环境空气, 第二换热 器 48构造和连接成使得天然气输送通道 18内的 LNG与空气输入通道 44内的输入 空气进行换热, 以降低输入空气的温度, 同吋使得 LNG汽化。 第一换热器 46构 造并连接成使得天然气输送通道 18内的 LNG与压缩空气通道 34内的压缩空气进 行换热, 以降低压缩空气的温度, 同吋进一步使得 LNG汽化。
[0020] 在所示的实施例中, 第一换热器 46和第二换热器 48位于天然气输送通道 18上。
其中, 第二换热器 48还位于空气输入通道 44上, 以实现 LNG与输入空气的换热 ; 第一换热器 46还位于压缩空气通道 34上, 以实现 LNG与级间压缩空气的换热 。 在天然气输送通道 18的流向上, 第二换热器 48位于第一换热器 46的上游。
[0021] 下面对本发明的 LNG燃气轮机的运行流程作简要说明。
[0022] 幵机吋, LNG输送泵 28先运行, 输送 LNG进入第二换热器 48, 进入前级压气叶 轮 30的空气先经过第二换热器 48, 第二换热器 48内的 LNG对输入空气进行冷却 降温, 同吋 LNG也会进行一定程度的汽化。 汽化不完全的 LNG和 /或低温的气态 天然气继续流动进入第一换热器 46。 经前级压气叶轮 30压缩的空气经过第一换 热器 46, 第一换热器 46中的 LNG/气态天然气对上述压缩空气进行冷却降温, 冷 却后的压缩空气通入后级压气叶轮 32继续压缩, 吸热后汽化的气态天然气通入 燃烧室 14, 经后级压气叶轮 32压缩后的空气通入燃烧室 14。 汽化后的气态天然 气和压缩空气在燃烧室 14中混合燃烧, 推动透平 16的涡轮做功。
[0023] 上述实施例针对两级压缩单元, 即前级压气叶轮和后级压气叶轮来进行说明。
应当理解的是, 前级压气叶轮和后级压气叶轮只是针对任何两相邻级压气叶轮 而言。 对于多余两级压缩单元, 例如 3级压缩单元的情形, 第一级叶轮和第二级 叶轮构成两相邻级, 则第一级叶轮称之为前级, 第二级叶轮称之为后级。 第二 级叶轮和第三级叶轮也构成两相邻级, 此吋第二级叶轮称之为前级, 第三级叶 轮称之为后级。
[0024] 应当理解的是, 在上述实施例中, 压气机包括同一压气机的两级或多于两级的 压气叶轮。 在其他实施例中, 压气机的各压缩单元也可以实施成单个的压气机 , 此吋各压气机与透平可同轴连接。 当压气机的压缩单元为单个的压气机吋, 其结构设置方式与上述压气叶轮的结构设置方式类似, 区别仅在于将压气叶轮 替换成压气机。 [0025] 综上所述, 本发明提供一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机。 该 LNG燃气轮机的 压气机包括若干级压缩单元, 每两级相邻的压缩单元之间连通有压缩空气通道 , 每一压缩空气通道上设置一第一换热器, 使得天然气输送通道内的 LNG与压 缩空气通道内的压缩空气换热以降低压缩空气的温度, 同吋至少部分 LNG汽化 。 此外, 本发明还在与第一级压缩单元连通的空气输入通道上设置第二换热器 , 使得 LNG与输入空气进行换热以降低输入空气的温度。 本发明的 LNG燃气轮 机以 LNG作为冷源吸收压气机的输入空气和级间压缩空气的热能, 回收空气的 热能用于汽化 LNG, 同吋降低空气温度。 充分利用了 LNG本身蕴含的能量, 减 小换热设备的体积, 提高换热效率, 增加能量利用率, 以一种更好的方式提高 了燃气轮机的效率, 降低污染物排放, 节约使用成本。
[0026] 本文所描述的概念在不偏离其精神和特性的情况下可以实施成其它形式。 所公 幵的具体实施例应被视为例示性而不是限制性的。 因此, 本发明的范围是由所 附的权利要求, 而不是根据之前的这些描述进行确定。 在权利要求的字面意义 及等同范围内的任何改变都应属于这些权利要求的范围。

Claims

权利要求书
[权利要求 1] 一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 包括燃烧室、 透平和压气机, 所 述压气机与所述燃烧室连通用以向所述燃烧室提供压缩空气, 所述透 平与所述燃烧室连通用以接收所述燃烧室输出的燃气工质, 所述压气 机与所述透平驱动连接, 所述压气机包括前级压气叶轮、 后级压气叶 轮以及连通于所述前级压气叶轮和后级压气叶轮之间的压缩空气通道 , 所述燃气轮机还包括向所述燃烧室输送天然气的天然气输送通道, 其特征在于, 所述压气机还包括第一换热器, 所述第一换热器构造并 连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的 LNG与所述压缩空气通道内的压 缩空气进行换热以降低所述压缩空气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽 化。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 其特征在于, 所 述压气机包括空气输入通道和第二换热器, 所述空气输入通道与所述 前级压气叶轮连通以向所述前级压气叶轮输入环境空气, 所述第二换 热器构造和连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内的 LNG与所述空气输入 通道内的输入空气进行换热以降低所述输入空气的温度同吋至少部分 所述 LNG汽化, 在所述天然气输送通道的流向上, 所述第二换热器位 于所述第一换热器上游。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1所述的具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 其特征在于, 所 述天然气输送通道一端连接一 LNG输送泵, 另一端连通至所述燃烧室 , 所述 LNG输送泵用以向所述天然气输送通道输入 LNG。
[权利要求 4] 一种具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 包括燃烧室、 透平和压气机, 所 述压气机与所述燃烧室连通用以向所述燃烧室提供压缩空气, 所述透 平与所述燃烧室连通用以接收所述燃烧室输出的燃气工质, 所述压气 机与所述透平驱动连接, 所述压气机包括若干级压缩单元, 每两级相 邻的压缩单元之间连通有压缩空气通道, 所述燃气轮机还包括向所述 燃烧室输送天然气的天然气输送通道, 其特征在于, 所述压气机还包 括若干第一换热器, 其中每一第一换热器与其中一压缩空气通道对应 , 至少其中一个第一换热器构造并连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内 的 LNG与所述对应的压缩空气通道内的压缩空气进行换热以降低所述 压缩空气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽化。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 4所述的具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 其特征在于, 所 述压气机包括空气输入通道和第二换热器, 所述空气输入通道与所述 若干级压缩单元的第一级压缩单元连通以向所述第一级压缩单元输入 环境空气, 所述第二换热器构造和连接成使得所述天然气输送通道内 的 LNG与所述空气输入通道内的输入空气进行换热以降低所述输入空 气的温度同吋至少部分所述 LNG汽化, 在所述天然气输送通道的流向 上, 所述第二换热器位于任何一个所述第一换热器的上游。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 4所述的具有级间冷却的 LNG燃气轮机, 其特征在于, 所 述天然气输送通道一端连接一 LNG输送泵, 另一端连通至所述燃烧室 , 所述 LNG输送泵用以向所述天然气输送通道泵送所述 LNG。
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