WO2018113153A1 - 光伏组件清洁系统 - Google Patents

光伏组件清洁系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018113153A1
WO2018113153A1 PCT/CN2017/081710 CN2017081710W WO2018113153A1 WO 2018113153 A1 WO2018113153 A1 WO 2018113153A1 CN 2017081710 W CN2017081710 W CN 2017081710W WO 2018113153 A1 WO2018113153 A1 WO 2018113153A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
photovoltaic module
monitoring
cleaning system
pressure sensor
monitoring box
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/081710
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王乃明
刘洪明
赵志刚
黄俊哲
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Publication of WO2018113153A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018113153A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/10—Cleaning arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module cleaning system.
  • the self-cleaning function of the photovoltaic modules can be achieved by spraying a smooth and super-hydrophilic or super-hydrophobic thin layer on the surface.
  • the surface area of the photovoltaic module coated with the superhydrophobic thin layer is full of dust compared with the photovoltaic module which is not sprayed with the superhydrophobic thin layer, and the power generation amount does not increase, but a certain decrease occurs.
  • the raindrops on the surface of the PV module fail to roll off mainly because the mounting angle of the PV module is smaller than the rolling angle of the surface super-hydrophobic layer.
  • the installation tilt angle cannot be adjusted at will.
  • a photovoltaic module cleaning system comprises: a rain monitoring device, a vent pipe and a gas source; the vent pipe is connected with a gas source for conveying gas to a surface of the photovoltaic module to generate a gas flow along the surface of the photovoltaic module; the rain monitoring device and the gas Source electrical connection for controlling the gas supply to the vent pipe by the gas source.
  • the rain monitoring device comprises: a monitoring box, a monitoring mechanism and a controller; the controller is electrically connected to the gas source; the monitoring box is a hollow cylinder with one end open, and the open end thereof faces upward, and the monitoring box is used for Receiving the falling rainwater; the monitoring mechanism is disposed in the monitoring box and connected to the controller; the monitoring mechanism is configured to send a signal through the controller, and when the monitoring mechanism detects that the rain stops, the controller sends a signal to turn on the air source; The agency monitored the amount of rainwater in the monitoring box Below the preset value, a signal to turn off the air supply is sent through the controller.
  • the monitoring mechanism includes a first pressure sensor and a second pressure sensor, and the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor are both connected to the controller;
  • the monitoring box has opposite first and second positions, and the first position is higher than the second position, the first pressure sensor is disposed at the first position, the second pressure sensor is disposed at the second position, and the first pressure sensor
  • the middle portion of the monitoring box is provided with a screen parallel to the bottom surface of the monitoring box, the first pressure sensor is disposed on the screen, and the second pressure sensor is disposed on the bottom surface of the monitoring box.
  • the monitoring tank is provided with a drainage mechanism for causing a reduction in the amount of water in the monitoring tank such that the water level in the monitoring tank is lower than the first position.
  • the drainage mechanism includes a plurality of drainage holes; the plurality of drainage holes are disposed on the side wall of the monitoring box and distributed between the first position and the second position.
  • the plurality of drain holes are distributed along the height direction of the monitoring box, and the sizes of the plurality of drain holes gradually decrease in the direction from the first position to the second position.
  • the vent tube is a hollow tube body open at one end, the open end of which is in communication with a gas source; the vent tube is provided with a blowing structure, and the vent tube delivers gas to the surface of the photovoltaic module through the blowing structure.
  • the air blowing structure includes a plurality of vent holes disposed on the side wall of the vent pipe and distributed along the axial direction of the vent pipe;
  • the vent tube is disposed on the photovoltaic module, and the venting direction of the vent hole is parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic module.
  • the vent tube is disposed at an edge of the photovoltaic component, the vent tube being mounted in a direction in which at least one edge of the photovoltaic component extends.
  • the vent holes may be located on opposite side walls of the vent tube, respectively.
  • the air source includes an air compressor and an on-off valve, and the air compressor is in communication with the vent tube through the on-off valve; the rain monitoring device is electrically connected to the on-off valve.
  • a gas pressure regulating valve is disposed between the gas source and the snorkel, and the gas pressure regulating valve is used to adjust the gas pressure of the vent pipe.
  • the above-mentioned photovoltaic module cleaning system uses a vent pipe to transport gas to the surface of the photovoltaic component to generate a gas flow flowing along the surface of the photovoltaic component, and controls the ventilation of the vent pipe through a rain monitoring device, thereby realizing raindrop on the super-hydrophobic thin layer on the surface of the photovoltaic module.
  • a vent pipe to transport gas to the surface of the photovoltaic component to generate a gas flow flowing along the surface of the photovoltaic component, and controls the ventilation of the vent pipe through a rain monitoring device, thereby realizing raindrop on the super-hydrophobic thin layer on the surface of the photovoltaic module.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module cleaning system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 1.
  • 100-light rain monitoring device 110-monitoring box; 111-first position; 112-second position; 113-spacer; 114-drain hole; 120-monitoring mechanism; 121-first pressure sensor; Second pressure sensor; 200-snorkel; 210-vent; 300-air source; 400-photovoltaic assembly.
  • the photovoltaic module cleaning system of the embodiment of the invention is applicable to a photovoltaic module whose surface is coated with a hydrophobic layer, which can accelerate the falling of the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic component in a period of time after the rain, and prevent the raindrops from adsorbing dust, etc. Impurities affect the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic modules on the surface.
  • the photovoltaic module cleaning system can also open the gas source at other times to blow away impurities such as dust on the surface of the component, and is also applicable to photovoltaic modules or other surface structure photovoltaic components whose surface is not coated with a hydrophobic layer. .
  • the photovoltaic module cleaning system includes: a rain monitoring device 100, a vent pipe 200, and a gas source 300; the vent pipe 200 is in communication with the gas source 300 for conveying gas to the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 to generate a gas flow flowing along the surface of the photovoltaic module 400; The rain monitoring device 100 is electrically connected to the air source 300 for controlling the gas supply of the air source 300 to the vent pipe 200.
  • the air source 300 may be a fan or an external air source or the like, and the air is blown to the vent pipe 200 by the fan, or the vent pipe 200 is connected to an external air source or the like.
  • the photovoltaic module 400 of a typical photovoltaic power plant is mounted obliquely on the ground by a mounting bracket.
  • the vent tube 200 can be mounted directly to the photovoltaic component 400, such as by silica gel bonding at the edge of the photovoltaic component 400.
  • the vent tube 200 can also be mounted on the mounting bracket by welding or the like as long as the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 can be blown, and the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 refers to the photovoltaic module 400 for absorbing the solar energy source to generate electricity. one side.
  • the vent tube 200 has a moderate diameter, preferably about 2 cm, in combination with its installation, as long as ventilation is ensured. After the installation of the tube 200, the battery in the assembly is not shaded, thereby ensuring the absorption of the solar source by the photovoltaic module 400 and ensuring the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module 400.
  • the rain monitoring device 100 may have various structural forms, and its main function is to control the gas source 300 to supply air to the snorkel 200 for a period of time after the rain (for example, 5-15 min), and to the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 through the vent pipe 200. Blowing, so that the raindrops remaining on the surface of the component can roll off as quickly as possible.
  • the rain monitoring device 100 includes a monitoring box 110, a monitoring mechanism 120, and a controller.
  • the monitoring box 110 is used as a container for rainwater, which may be fixed on the ground or fixed on the above-mentioned mounting bracket, and the amount of rainwater therein may vary according to the current environment.
  • the monitoring box 110 is a hollow cylinder with an open end, and the open end faces upward, and can have various shapes, for example, the monitoring box 110 has a cylindrical shape, or a cylinder having a square cross section, or an ellipse in cross section. Shaped cylinder.
  • the monitoring mechanism 120 is disposed in the monitoring box 110 for monitoring whether the current environment is raining, and when the rain stops, the controller sends a signal to turn on the air source 300 to start the air supply 300 to supply air to the snorkel 200, thereby enabling The surface of the photovoltaic module 400 is blown so that the raindrops remaining on the surface of the component roll off as quickly as possible; after the rain has stopped for a period of time, a signal to turn off the gas source 300 is issued by the controller, and the period of time depends on the rainwater accumulated in the monitoring box 100. Specifically, when the monitoring mechanism 120 detects that the amount of rainwater in the monitoring box 110 is lower than a preset value, the controller sends a signal to turn off the air source 300 to stop the air source 300 from supplying air to the vent pipe 200.
  • the monitoring mechanism 120 can be configured in various forms.
  • the monitoring mechanism 120 includes a first pressure sensor 121 and a second pressure sensor 122.
  • the first pressure sensor 121 and the second pressure sensor 122 are both connected to the controller. connection.
  • the first pressure sensor 121 and the second pressure sensor 122 are preferably wireless pressure sensors that are in wireless communication with the controller.
  • the monitoring box 110 has an opposite first position 111 and a second position 112, and the first position 111 is higher than the second position 112, the first pressure sensor 121 is disposed at the first position 111, and the second pressure sensor 122 is disposed at the second position Location 112.
  • the first pressure sensor 121 and the second pressure sensor 122 are capable of accurately sensing the pressure of the rainwater and wirelessly transmitting it to the controller, thereby controlling the opening and closing of the air source 300.
  • the first pressure sensor 121 is higher than the second pressure sensor 122, there is no case where the first pressure sensor 121 has a rain pressure signal but the second pressure sensor 122 has no rain pressure signal.
  • the second pressure sensor 122 also has a pressure signal, indicating that rainwater falls on the first pressure sensor 121 and the second pressure sensor 122, and the current environment is raining. Therefore, the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 has a high degree of cleanliness due to the scouring action of the rainwater, and it is not necessary to open the gas source 300 to blow the surface of the photovoltaic module 400.
  • the second pressure sensor 122 When the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 121 disappears, it means that no rainwater falls on the first pressure sensor 121 at this time, and the second pressure sensor 122 has a pressure signal reflecting the accumulated rainwater in the monitoring box 100, which can be determined.
  • the current environment is not raining and the rain has just stopped.
  • the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 have not completely rolled off or evaporated.
  • the controller can issue a signal to turn on the gas source 300 to blow the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 to accelerate the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400. Roll off.
  • the pressure signal detected by the second pressure sensor 122 disappears, the amount of rainwater in the monitoring box 100 is less and lower than the preset value.
  • the preset value is the amount of rainwater corresponding to the position of the second pressure sensor 122, which may be considered as rain. It has been stopped for a long time. At this time, the air source 300 is turned off again, and the function of turning off the air source 300 can be turned off by the controller to turn off the air source 300, thereby saving resources.
  • the monitoring mechanism 120 realizes the purpose of turning off the air source 300 by sending a signal through the controller to turn on the air source 300 and sending a signal through the controller after the air source 300 is turned on for a period of time, so that only a section after the rain can be In between, the air source 300 is turned on to blow off the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 that have not completely rolled off and cannot be evaporated in a short time, so as to prevent the raindrops from adsorbing dust and the like during the long-term evaporation process, thereby affecting the power generation benefit of the photovoltaic module 400.
  • the middle portion of the monitoring box 110 is provided with a partition 113 parallel to the bottom surface of the monitoring box 110.
  • the position of the partition 113 is the above-mentioned first position 111, and the first pressure sensor 121 is disposed on the mesh 113.
  • the bottom surface of the monitoring box 110 is located at the second position 112, and the second pressure sensor 122 is disposed on the bottom surface of the monitoring box 110.
  • the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 121 disappears, it indicates that the current rain has stopped, and some rainwater is accumulated in the monitoring box 110, indicating that the rain stop time is short, and the air source can be turned on at this time.
  • the air is blown on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 to accelerate the falling of the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400.
  • the pressure signal detected by the second pressure sensor 122 disappears, the amount of rainwater in the entire monitoring box 110 is almost zero, indicating that the rain has stopped.
  • the air source 300 can be turned off at this time.
  • the monitoring mechanism 120 can monitor whether the rain is stopped by means of infrared sensing or the like.
  • the controller sends a signal to turn on the air source 300, and after a period of time, sends a shutdown air source 300 to the controller. signal.
  • the monitoring box 110 is provided with a drainage mechanism for causing the amount of water in the monitoring box 110 to be reduced such that the water level in the monitoring box 110 is lower than the first position 111. Therefore, the water level in the monitoring box 110 can be lowered to the first position 111 as soon as possible after the rain stops, so that the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 121 disappears, and the air source 300 can be turned on, and will remain on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400. Raindrops are blown off as quickly as possible to prevent raindrops from absorbing dust and other impurities.
  • the drainage mechanism has various structural forms.
  • the drainage mechanism includes a plurality of drainage holes 114; and a plurality of drainage holes 114.
  • the plurality of drain holes 114 are distributed along the height direction of the monitoring box 110, and the sizes of the plurality of drain holes 114 gradually decrease in the direction from the first position 111 to the second position 112. That is, the aperture of the drain hole 114 near the first position 111 is larger, and the aperture of the drain hole 114 near the second position 112 is gradually decreased, so that the water level in the monitoring box 110 can be lowered to the first position as soon as possible.
  • the pressure signal detected by the first pressure sensor 121 may be slightly extended until the pressure signal detected by the second pressure sensor 122 disappears to ensure that the rain stops. For a long period of time, the gas source 300 will be turned on, and the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module 400 will be blown off.
  • the vent tube 200 is a hollow tube body that is open at one end, and the open end thereof communicates with the gas source 300.
  • the vent tube 200 is provided with a blowing structure, and the vent tube 200 passes through the air blowing structure to the photovoltaic module 400.
  • the surface transports gas.
  • the shape of the vent tube 200 may be various, for example, the vent tube 200 has a circular, square or elliptical cross section.
  • the material of the vent pipe 200 may be a plastic having strong weather resistance or the like.
  • the air blowing structure may be in various forms.
  • the air blowing structure includes a plurality of vent holes 210, and the plurality of vent holes 210 are disposed on the side wall of the vent pipe 200 and distributed along the axial direction of the vent pipe 200, and a plurality of The vent holes 210 may be uniformly equidistantly distributed or may be unequally distributed, and the vent hole 210 may have a hole diameter of about 0.8 cm.
  • the blow structure may be a structure such as a nozzle.
  • the vent tube 200 is disposed on the photovoltaic module 400, and the air outlet direction of the vent hole 210 is parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic module 400. It should be noted that the vent tube 200 is not disposed at the lower end of the photovoltaic module 400, that is, the end of the photovoltaic module 400 near the bottom surface, so that no vent hole 210 is blown from bottom to top in a direction parallel to the surface of the photovoltaic module 400, thereby avoiding obstruction. Raindrops roll off the surface of the component.
  • the vent tube 200 can be mounted at one side edge of the photovoltaic module 400, preferably in a direction in which the long side of the photovoltaic module 400 extends, i.e., the upper edge of the photovoltaic module 400 of Fig. 1, thereby enabling a larger blowing range. . It can also be installed around two sides or three sides of the photovoltaic module 400, that is, the upper edge, the left edge, and the right edge of FIG. 1 can be installed with the snorkel 200, or the snorkel can be installed only on two of the edges. 200. In either case, the snorkel 200 is not included in the lower edge of FIG.
  • the photovoltaic power plant often includes a plurality of photovoltaic modules 400 in a row, and the spacing between adjacent photovoltaic modules 400 is small, when the vent tube 200 is mounted on, for example, the left edge of a set of photovoltaic modules 400 of FIG. 1 or At the right edge, the vent holes 210 may be simultaneously formed on opposite sides of the vent pipe 200, that is, the vent holes 210 on both sides are respectively blown to the surfaces of the photovoltaic modules 400 on both sides, so that the photovoltaic modules 400 can be simultaneously adjacent to the same.
  • the photovoltaic module 400 is blown, thereby eliminating the need to install two vent pipes 200, thereby avoiding an increase in cost.
  • the air source 300 includes an air compressor and an on-off valve, and the air compressor communicates with the vent pipe 200 through the on-off valve; the rain monitoring device 100 is electrically connected to the on-off valve, so that the rain and rain monitoring device 100 can pass the control switch The opening and closing of the valve controls the ventilation of the vent tube 200 by the gas source 300 or stops the venting.
  • a gas pressure regulating valve may be disposed between the air source 300 and the vent pipe 200, and the air pressure regulating valve is used to adjust the air pressure of the vent pipe 200. Therefore, the installation angle of the photovoltaic module 400 can be adapted to different situations. For example, when the installation angle of the photovoltaic component 400 is small, that is, the surface of the photovoltaic component 400 is inclined at a small angle to the ground, the pressure of the pressure regulating valve can be appropriately increased.
  • the pressure of the pressure regulating valve can be appropriately reduced to save the fan. Waiting for work.
  • the photovoltaic module cleaning system of the embodiment of the invention can accelerate the falling of the raindrops on the surface of the photovoltaic module in a period of time after the rain, and prevent the raindrops from adsorbing dust and the like on the surface to affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic component, and at other times, according to the needs
  • the air source is turned on to blow away impurities such as dust on the surface of the component, and the structure is simple, the cost is low, and the utility is wide.

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Abstract

本发明涉及光伏技术领域，特别是涉及一种光伏组件清洁系统，包括：晴雨监测装置、通气管和气源；通气管与气源连通，用于向光伏组件的表面输送气体以产生沿光伏组件表面流动的气流；晴雨监测装置与气源电连接，用于控制气源对通气管的气体供给。本发明的光伏组件清洁系统，利用通气管向光伏组件表面吹气，并通过晴雨监测装置控制通气管的通气与否，从而实现光伏组件表面超疏水薄层上雨滴的快速滚落，避免雨滴在较长时间的蒸发过程中吸附大量灰尘到组件表面，导致光伏组件发电量降低的现象，有效提高了光组组件表面的清洁度，保证其发电效益。

Description

光伏组件清洁系统
相关申请
本发明申请要求2016年12月22日申请的，申请号为201611197319.3，名称为“光伏组件清洁系统”的中国专利申请的优先权，在此将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及光伏技术领域，特别是涉及一种光伏组件清洁系统。
背景技术
在光伏电站的运行过程中，光伏组件表面的清洁程度会严重影响输出电量，局部灰尘遮挡则会导致热斑效应，严重时将导致组件失效。为了解决这一难题，技术路线不同的自清洁方案受到了广泛关注，从理论上讲，在表面喷涂有平整光滑的超亲水或超疏水薄层均可以实现光伏组件的自清洁功能。然而，在试验中发现，与不喷涂超疏水薄层的光伏组件相比，喷涂有超疏水薄层的光伏组件表面积满灰尘，发电量不但不增加，反而出现了一定的下降。经过进一步跟踪调研发现，在雨后，喷涂有超疏水薄层的光伏组件表面的雨滴并未立即滚落，而是在较长时间的蒸发过程中，吸附了大量灰尘到组件表面，最终导致了光伏组件发电量的降低。
光伏组件表面的雨滴未能立即滚落主要是由于光伏组件的安装倾角小于表面超疏水薄层的滚动角所致，但是由于光伏组件的安装需遵循安装手册的要求，其安装倾角不能随意调整。
发明内容
基于此，有必要针对光伏组件表面易积灰尘导致组件发电量降低的问题，提供一种能够明显提高光伏组件表面的清洁度，保证发电效益的光伏组件清洁系统。
上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：
一种光伏组件清洁系统，包括：晴雨监测装置、通气管和气源；通气管与气源连通，用于向光伏组件的表面输送气体以产生沿光伏组件表面流动的气流；晴雨监测装置与气源电连接，用于控制气源对通气管的气体供给。
在其中一个实施例中，晴雨监测装置包括：监测箱、监测机构和控制器；控制器与气源电连接；监测箱为一端开口的中空筒体，且其开口端朝上，监测箱用于接收降落的雨水；监测机构设置在监测箱内，且与控制器连接；监测机构用于通过控制器发出信号，当监测机构监测到降雨停止时，通过控制器发出开启气源的信号；当监测机构监测到监测箱中的雨水量 低于预设值时，通过控制器发出关闭气源的信号。
在其中一个实施例中，监测机构包括第一压力传感器和第二压力传感器，第一压力传感器与第二压力传感器均与控制器连接；
监测箱具有相对的第一位置和第二位置，且第一位置高于第二位置，第一压力传感器设置在第一位置处，第二压力传感器设置在第二位置处；当第一压力传感器检测到的压力信号消失时，通过控制器发出开启气源的信号；当第二压力传感器检测到的压力信号消失时，通过控制器发出关闭气源的信号。
在其中一个实施例中，监测箱的中部设置有平行于监测箱底面的隔网，第一压力传感器设置在隔网上；第二压力传感器设置在监测箱的底面上。
在其中一个实施例中，监测箱设置有排水机构，排水机构用于促使监测箱中的水量减少，以使监测箱中的水位低于第一位置。
在其中一个实施例中，排水机构包括多个排水孔；多个排水孔设置在监测箱的侧壁上，分布于第一位置和第二位置之间。
在其中一个实施例中，多个排水孔沿监测箱的高度方向分布，且多个排水孔的大小沿第一位置至第二位置的方向逐渐减小。
在其中一个实施例中，通气管为一端开口的中空管体，其开口端与气源连通；通气管上设置有吹气结构，通气管通过吹气结构向光伏组件表面输送气体。
在其中一个实施例中，吹气结构包括多个通气孔，多个通气孔设置在通气管的侧壁上，并沿通气管的轴向分布；
通气管设置在光伏组件上，通气孔的出气方向平行于光伏组件表面。
在其中一个实施例中，通气管设置在光伏组件的边缘处，通气管沿着光伏组件的至少一条边缘延伸的方向安装。
在其中一个实施例中，通气孔可以分别位于通气管相对的两侧侧壁上。
在其中一个实施例中，气源包括空压机和开关阀，空压机通过开关阀与通气管连通；晴雨监测装置与开关阀电连接。
在其中一个实施例中，气源与通气管之间还设置有气压调节阀，气压调节阀用于调节通入通气管的气压大小。
上述光伏组件清洁系统，利用通气管向光伏组件表面输送气体以产生沿光伏组件表面流动的气流，并通过晴雨监测装置控制通气管的通气与否，从而实现光伏组件表面超疏水薄层上雨滴的快速滚落，避免雨滴在较长时间的蒸发过程中吸附大量灰尘到组件表面，导致光伏组件发电量降低的现象，有效提高了光组组件表面的清洁度，保证其发电效益。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解，下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步详细的说明，其中
图1为本发明实施例提供的光伏组件清洁系统的结构示意图；
图2为图1的局部放大图。
图中：100-晴雨监测装置；110-监测箱；111-第一位置；112-第二位置；113-隔网；114-排水孔；120-监测机构；121-第一压力传感器；122-第二压力传感器；200-通气管；210-通气孔；300-气源；400-光伏组件。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下通过实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的光伏组件清洁系统进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。相反，当元件被称作“直接在”另一元件“上”时，不存在中间元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
如图1所示，本发明实施例的光伏组件清洁系统，适用于表面涂覆有疏水层的光伏组件，能够在雨后一段时间内，加速光伏组件表面雨滴的滚落，避免雨滴吸附灰尘等杂质在表面影响光伏组件的发电效益。当然，该光伏组件清洁系统也能够在其他时候，根据需要开启气源，以吹走组件表面的灰尘等杂质，且同样也适用于表面未涂覆疏水层的光伏组件或者其他表面结构的光伏组件。
上述光伏组件清洁系统包括：晴雨监测装置100、通气管200和气源300；通气管200与气源300连通，用于向光伏组件400的表面输送气体以产生沿光伏组件400表面流动的气流；晴雨监测装置100与气源300电连接，用于控制气源300对通气管200的气体供给。
其中，气源300可以是风机或者外部空气源等等，通过风机向通气管200送风，或者将通气管200与外部空气源连通等等。一般光伏电站的光伏组件400通过安装支架倾斜地安装于地面上，因此，通气管200可以直接安装在光伏组件400上，例如通过硅胶粘结在光伏组件400边缘处。通气管200还可以通过焊接等方式安装在安装支架上，只要能实现向光伏组件400表面吹气即可，而光伏组件400的表面指的是光伏组件400用于吸收太阳能源起到发电作用的一面。通气管200的直径适中，较佳地约为2cm，结合其安装方式，只要保证通气 管200安装完成后不会对组件中电池造成阴影遮挡即可，从而保证光伏组件400对太阳能源的吸收，保证光伏组件400的发电效益。
晴雨监测装置100的结构形式可以有多种，其主要作用是在雨后一段时间内(例如5-15min)，控制气源300供气给通气管200，通过通气管200向光伏组件400的表面吹气，从而能够使得组件表面残留的雨滴尽快滚落。
参见图2，优选地，晴雨监测装置100包括：监测箱110、监测机构120和控制器。监测箱110用来作为盛装雨水的容器，其可以固定在地面上也可以固定在上述安装支架上，其内的雨水量根据当前环境的不同会发生变化。较佳地，监测箱110为一端开口的中空筒体，且开口端朝上，其可以有多种形状，例如监测箱110为圆柱体形，或者截面为方形的筒体，又或者是截面为椭圆形的筒体。监测机构120设置在监测箱110内，用来监测当前环境是否在降雨，并且在降雨停止时，通过控制器发出开启气源300的信号使气源300开始向通气管200供气，从而能够向光伏组件400的表面吹气，使得组件表面残留的雨滴尽快滚落；在降雨停止了一段时间之后，通过控制器发出关闭气源300的信号，而该一段时间取决于监测箱100中积蓄的雨水量的多少，具体的，当监测机构120监测到监测箱110中的雨水量低于预设值时，通过控制器发出关闭气源300的信号使气源300停止向通气管200供气。
监测机构120的结构形式可以有多种，作为一种优选的实施方式，监测机构120包括第一压力传感器121和第二压力传感器122，第一压力传感器121与第二压力传感器122均与控制器连接。第一压力传感器121和第二压力传感器122优选是无线压力传感器，两者与控制器无线通讯连接。
监测箱110具有相对的第一位置111和第二位置112，且第一位置111高于第二位置112，第一压力传感器121设置在第一位置111处，第二压力传感器122设置在第二位置112处。第一压力传感器121和第二压力传感器122能够精确感测雨水的压力，并无线传输给控制器，进而控制气源300的开启和关闭。
具体的，可以通过简单的逻辑控制电路来实现，逻辑关系如表1所示：
表1：
Figure PCTCN2017081710-appb-000001
参见表1，由于第一压力传感器121高于第二压力传感器122，不存在第一压力传感器121有雨水压力信号但是第二压力传感器122没有雨水压力信号的情况。而当第一压力传感器121有压力信号时，必然第二压力传感器122也会有压力信号，此时表示有雨水落在第一压力传感器121和第二压力传感器122上，当前环境正在下雨，因此，光伏组件400表面由于雨水的冲刷作用，清洁度较高，无需开启气源300对光伏组件400表面吹气。
当第一压力传感器121检测到的压力信号消失时，表示此时没有雨水落在第一压力传感器121上，而第二压力传感器122有压力信号反映出监测箱100中有蓄积的雨水，可确定当前环境没有在降雨并且雨刚刚停，光伏组件400表面雨滴未完全滚落或蒸发，可以通过控制器发出开启气源300的信号，以对光伏组件400表面吹气，加速光伏组件400表面雨滴的滚落。直到第二压力传感器122检测到的压力信号消失时，监测箱100中雨水量较少并低于预设值，此时预设值为第二压力传感器122所在位置对应的雨水量，可认为雨已经停了较长时间，此时再开启气源300已经发挥不到应有的作用，可以通过控制器发出关闭气源300的信号以关闭气源300，节省资源。
因此，监测机构120通过以上方式，实现通过控制器发出信号以开启气源300并在气源300开启一段时间后通过控制器发出信号来关闭气源300的目的，从而能够仅在降雨后的一段之间内，开启气源300吹落光伏组件400表面未完全滚落且短时间无法蒸发掉的雨滴，避免雨滴在长时间蒸发过程中吸附灰尘等杂质影响光伏组件400的发电效益。
进一步地，监测箱110的中部设置有平行于监测箱110底面的隔网113，隔网113所在位置为上述的第一位置111，第一压力传感器121设置在隔网113上。而监测箱110的底面所在位置为上述的第二位置112，第二压力传感器122设置在监测箱110的底面上。在本实施例中，当第一压力传感器121检测到的压力信号消失时，表示当前降雨已停止，而监测箱110中蓄积有部分雨水，说明雨停的时间较短，此时可开启气源300以对光伏组件400表面吹气，加速光伏组件400表面雨滴的滚落；当第二压力传感器122检测到的压力信号消失时，整个监测箱110中雨水量几乎为零，说明降雨已停止较长时间，此时可关闭气源300。
在其他实施例中，监测机构120可以通过红外感测等方式来监测降雨是否停止，降雨停止则向控制器发出开启气源300的信号，并在一段时间后向控制器发出关闭气源300的信号。
作为一种优选的实施方式，监测箱110设置有排水机构，排水机构用于促使监测箱110中的水量减少，以使监测箱110中的水位低于第一位置111。从而便于监测箱110中的水位能够在雨停后尽快下降到第一位置111以下，使第一压力传感器121检测到的压力信号消失，进而气源300能够开启，将残留在光伏组件400表面的雨滴尽快吹落，防止雨滴吸附灰尘等杂质。
排水机构的结构形式有多种，优选地，排水机构包括多个排水孔114；多个排水孔114 设置在监测箱110的侧壁上，分布于第一位置111和第二位置112之间。较佳地，多个排水孔114沿监测箱110的高度方向分布，且多个排水孔114的大小沿第一位置111至第二位置112的方向逐渐减小。也就是说，靠近第一位置111处的排水孔114的孔径较大，靠近第二位置112处的排水孔114的孔径逐渐减小，这样，能够使得监测箱110中水位尽快下降到第一位置111以下，同时水位不会很快下降到第二位置112，可以稍微延长第一压力传感器121检测到的压力信号消失到第二压力传感器122检测到的压力信号消失的时间，以保证雨停后一段较长的时间内，气源300都会处于开启状态，将光伏组件400表面的雨滴尽数吹落。
作为一种优选的实施方式，通气管200为一端开口的中空管体，其开口端与气源300连通；通气管200上设置有吹气结构，通气管200通过吹气结构向光伏组件400表面输送气体。
其中，通气管200的形状可以有多种，例如通气管200的截面呈圆形、方形或者椭圆形。通气管200的材料可选用具有强耐候性的塑料等。
吹气结构的形式可以有多种，优选地，吹气结构包括多个通气孔210，多个通气孔210设置在通气管200的侧壁上，并沿通气管200的轴向分布，多个通气孔210可以是均匀等距地分布，也可以是不等距地分布，通气孔210的孔径可以是约为0.8cm。在其他实施例中，吹气结构可以是喷嘴等结构。
本实施例中，通气管200设置在光伏组件400上，通气孔210的出气方向平行于光伏组件400表面。需要说明的是，不包括在光伏组件400下端，即光伏组件400靠近底面的一端设置通气管200，从而不会有通气孔210由下至上沿平行于光伏组件400表面的方向吹气，避免阻碍雨滴从组件表面滚落。
参见图1，通气管200可以安装在光伏组件400一侧边缘处，优选地沿光伏组件400长边延伸的方向安装，即图1中光伏组件400上边缘，从而能够具有较大的吹气范围。也可以围绕着光伏组件400的两条边或三条边安装，即图1中上边缘、左侧边缘、右侧边缘处可以均安装有通气管200，也可以只在其中两个边缘安装通气管200。不论何种情况，均不包含在图1中下边缘安装通气管200。
在实际安装过程中，光伏电站往往一排包含有多个光伏组件400，且相邻光伏组件400之间间隔较小，当通气管200安装在例如图1的一组光伏组件400左侧边缘或者右侧边缘时，可以将通气管200相对的两侧同时开设通气孔210，即两侧通气孔210分别吹向两侧光伏组件400的表面，使得能够同时对该组光伏组件400和与其相邻的光伏组件400进行吹气，从而无需安装两个通气管200，避免增加成本。
作为一种优选的实施方式，气源300包括空压机和开关阀，空压机通过开关阀与通气管200连通；晴雨监测装置100与开关阀电连接，从而晴雨监测装置100能够通过控制开关阀的开启和闭合来控制气源300对通气管200的通气或者停止通气。
作为一种优选的实施方式，气源300与通气管200之间还可以设置有气压调节阀，气压调节阀用于调节通入通气管200的气压大小。从而能够适应光伏组件400安装角度不同的情况，例如，在光伏组件400安装角度较小的情况下，即光伏组件400的表面与地面倾斜角度较小，可以适当增大压力调节阀的压力，以保证将光伏组件400表面的雨滴快速吹落；在光伏组件400安装角度较大的情况下，即光伏组件400的表面与地面倾斜角度较大，可以适当减小压力调节阀的压力，以节省风机等的做功。
本发明实施例的光伏组件清洁系统，能够在雨后一段时间内，加速光伏组件表面雨滴的滚落，避免雨滴吸附灰尘等杂质在表面影响光伏组件的发电效益，而在其他时候，可以根据需要开启气源，以吹走组件表面的灰尘等杂质，结构简单，成本低廉，适用广泛。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式，其描述较为具体和详细，但并不能因此而理解为对发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此，本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，包括：晴雨监测装置(100)、通气管(200)和气源(300)；
    所述通气管(200)与所述气源(300)连通，用于向光伏组件(400)的表面输送气体以产生沿所述光伏组件(400)表面流动的气流；
    所述晴雨监测装置(100)与所述气源(300)电连接，用于控制所述气源(300)对所述通气管(200)的气体供给。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述晴雨监测装置(100)包括：监测箱(110)、监测机构(120)和控制器；所述控制器与所述气源(300)电连接；
    所述监测箱(110)为一端开口的中空筒体，且其开口端朝上，所述监测箱(110)用于接收降落的雨水；
    所述监测机构(120)设置在所述监测箱(110)内，且与所述控制器连接；所述监测机构(120)用于通过所述控制器发出信号，当所述监测机构(120)监测到降雨停止时，通过所述控制器发出开启所述气源(300)的信号；当所述监测机构(120)监测到所述监测箱(110)中的雨水量低于预设值时，通过所述控制器发出关闭所述气源(300)的信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述监测机构(120)包括第一压力传感器(121)和第二压力传感器(122)，所述第一压力传感器(121)与所述第二压力传感器(122)均与所述控制器连接；
    所述监测箱(110)具有相对的第一位置(111)和第二位置(112)，且所述第一位置(111)高于所述第二位置(112)，所述第一压力传感器(121)设置在所述第一位置(111)处，所述第二压力传感器(122)设置在所述第二位置(112)处；
    当所述第一压力传感器(111)检测到的压力信号消失时，通过所述控制器发出开启所述气源(300)的信号；当所述第二压力传感器(112)检测到的压力信号消失时，通过所述控制器发出关闭所述气源(300)的信号。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述监测箱(110)的中部设置有平行于所述监测箱(110)底面的隔网(113)，所述第一压力传感器(121)设置在所述隔网(113)上；
    所述第二压力传感器(122)设置在所述监测箱(110)的底面上。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述监测箱(110)设置有排水机构，所述排水机构用于促使所述监测箱(110)中的水量减少，以使所述监测箱(110)中的水位低于所述第一位置(111)。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述排水机构包括多个排水孔(114)；所述多个排水孔(114)设置在所述监测箱(110)的侧壁上，分布于所述第一位置(111)和所述第二位置(112)之间。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述多个排水孔(114)沿所述监测箱(110)的高度方向分布，且所述多个排水孔(114)的大小沿所述第一位置(111)至所述第二位置(112)的方向逐渐减小。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述通气管(200)为一端开口的中空管体，其开口端与所述气源(300)连通；
    所述通气管(200)上设置有吹气结构，所述通气管(200)通过所述吹气结构向所述光伏组件(400)表面输送气体。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述吹气结构包括多个通气孔(210)，所述多个通气孔(210)设置在所述通气管(200)的侧壁上，并沿所述通气管(200)的轴向分布；
    所述通气管(200)设置在光伏组件(400)上，所述多个通气孔(210)的出气方向平行于光伏组件(400)表面。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述通气管(200)设置在所述光伏组件(400)的边缘处，所述通气管(200)沿着所述光伏组件(400)的至少一条边缘延伸的方向安装。
  11. 根据权利要求9所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述多个通气孔(210)位于所述通气管(200)相对的两侧侧壁上。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述气源(300)包括空压机和开关阀，所述空压机通过所述开关阀与所述通气管(200)连通；所述晴雨监测装置(100)与所述开关阀电连接。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的光伏组件清洁系统，其特征在于，所述气源(300)与所述通气管(200)之间还设置有气压调节阀，所述气压调节阀用于调节通入所述通气管(200)的气压大小。
PCT/CN2017/081710 2016-12-22 2017-04-24 光伏组件清洁系统 Ceased WO2018113153A1 (zh)

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