WO2018112548A1 - Biofilm disrupting composition for use on a surface - Google Patents

Biofilm disrupting composition for use on a surface Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018112548A1
WO2018112548A1 PCT/AU2017/051442 AU2017051442W WO2018112548A1 WO 2018112548 A1 WO2018112548 A1 WO 2018112548A1 AU 2017051442 W AU2017051442 W AU 2017051442W WO 2018112548 A1 WO2018112548 A1 WO 2018112548A1
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biofilm
composition according
composition
group
tcep
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PCT/AU2017/051442
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French (fr)
Inventor
Theerthankar Das Ashish KUMAR
Jim Manos
Gregory Stuart Whiteley
Trevor Owen Glasbey
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Whiteley Corporation Pty Ltd
The University Of Sydney
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Priority claimed from AU2016905326A external-priority patent/AU2016905326A0/en
Application filed by Whiteley Corporation Pty Ltd, The University Of Sydney filed Critical Whiteley Corporation Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2018112548A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018112548A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/04—Peptides having up to 20 amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/06—Tripeptides
    • A61K38/063—Glutathione
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/13—Amines
    • A61K31/14—Quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. edrophonium, choline
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
    • A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/7028—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages
    • A61K31/7034—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin
    • A61K31/7036—Compounds having saccharide radicals attached to non-saccharide compounds by glycosidic linkages attached to a carbocyclic compound, e.g. phloridzin having at least one amino group directly attached to the carbocyclic ring, e.g. streptomycin, gentamycin, amikacin, validamycin, fortimicins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/18—Iodine; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/24—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A61K33/30—Zinc; Compounds thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/43—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/46—Hydrolases (3)
    • A61K38/465—Hydrolases (3) acting on ester bonds (3.1), e.g. lipases, ribonucleases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/08—Solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y301/00—Hydrolases acting on ester bonds (3.1)
    • C12Y301/21—Endodeoxyribonucleases producing 5'-phosphomonoesters (3.1.21)
    • C12Y301/21001—Deoxyribonuclease I (3.1.21.1)
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0014—Skin, i.e. galenical aspects of topical compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a biofilm disrupting composition.
  • the composition is useful for the disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a range of surfaces such as medical devices and environmental surfaces.
  • a biofilm is any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often these cells adhere to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS).
  • EPS extracellular polymeric substance
  • the biofilm EPS is typically comprised of a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings.
  • the microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium.
  • a biofilm commences by the adsorption of proteins, polysaccharides, and other materials onto the surface to form a conditioning layer. Early colonization of the surface covered with this conditioning layer by bacterial species may then occur. Initially, bacterial cell attachment is reversible.
  • the adhesiveness of the layer is also mediated by the presence of glycoproteins and adhesins released by the early colonizing cells, forming a basal layer to the biofilm.
  • adhesins it has been shown that disulfide links provided by the amino acid cysteine are found near the ligand-binding sites of a wide range of microbial adhesive proteins, including the FimH adhesion, a two-domain protein located on the tip of type 1 fimbriae, 0.5-1 ⁇ long organelles primarily composed of FimA polymers found on the bacterial surface of Escherichia coli.
  • Microbes form a biofilm in response to many factors, which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics.
  • planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics.
  • a cell switches to the biofilm mode of growth, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated.
  • ESKAPE organisms are a group of clinically relevant multi-drug resistant organisms. These are Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp, all of which are capable of forming biofilm, and also capable of serious infections in hospitals, particularly in ICU's. In particular, several of these organisms are implicated in biofilm-mediated medical conditions. Pseudomonas for example is implicated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, whereas multi-organism biofilms have been implicated in diabetic wound ulcers.
  • glutathione has also been found to be efficacious in the disruption of biofilm. It is thought that glutathione impacts the integrity of the biofilm by its interaction with pyrocyanin, a toxin typically produced by Pseudomonas.
  • Pyocyanin is a blue, secondary metabolite with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore can kill microbes competing against P.
  • aeruginosa as well as mammalian cells of the lungs which P. aeruginosa has infected during cystic fibrosis. Due to its redox-active properties, pyocyanin generates reactive oxygen species that lead to oxidative stress of mammalian cells. [0010] Pyocyanin also intercalates directly with eDNA, thereby conferring structural integrity to the biofilm through increased cell surface hydrophobicity, which enhances intercellular aggregation.
  • GSH inhaled glutathione
  • GSH and DNase 1 can be combined for treating chronic Pseudomonas infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (Klare et al., Canberra ASM meeting, July 2015). Further, GSH and DNase 1 have been found to be useful in the disruption of Pseudomonas biofilms in cystic fibrosis-like media and increasing susceptibility of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics (Klare et al., 2016 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60 (8) 4539-4551 ).
  • composition comprising a combination of a redox based viscosity modifier, a biofilm disrupter and a biocide provides enhanced biofilm disruption.
  • the composition of the invention has been found to be effective against biofilms caused by ESKAPE organisms.
  • biofilm disrupting composition comprising:
  • biofilm disrupting composition comprising:
  • a biofilm disrupting composition when used for disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a surface, comprising:
  • a process of preparing a biofilm disrupting composition comprising combining at least one redox based viscosity modifier, at least one biofilm disruptor, and at least one biocide, to form said composition.
  • a fourth embodiment of the invention there is provided the use of a composition according to the first or second embodiments to disrupt biofilms on, and/or remove bacterial biofilms from, a surface.
  • a method of disruption of biofilm on, and/or removal of biofilm from, a surface comprising applying to said surface a biofilm disrupting composition according to the first or second embodiments in an amount which effectively disrupts and/or removes said biofilm.
  • composition of the invention act synergistically providing superior biofilm disruption.
  • the redox based viscosity modifier by virtue of its low molecular weight and therefore high diffusivity, reduces the viscosity of the biofilm, thus facilitating the diffusion in of the enzymes, allowing greater access to the biopolymer chains, leading to more efficient scission.
  • the biocide will have greater access to the microbial species.
  • the composition of the invention comprises at least one redox based viscosity modifier.
  • This is a biologically and pharmaceutically acceptable compound capable of reducing disulphide bonds and therefore is capable of disrupting disulphide cross-links found within glycoproteins and adhesins typically found in the basal layers of most biofilms.
  • such compounds will have a redox potential in the range of -0.05V to -0.50V.
  • Redox based viscosity modifiers that may be used in the composition of the invention are reducing agents known to reduce disulphide bonds.
  • redox based viscosity modifiers examples include mercaptoethanol, N- acetyl cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA), sodium mercaptoethane sulfonate, dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiobutylamine and other similar compounds.
  • suitable redox based viscosity modifiers are compounds such as lipoic acid or erdosteine, which are capable of generating free thiol groups in vivo following first pass metabolism.
  • the inventive biofilm disrupting compositions will be in the form of a powder blend composition, intended for either dissolution in water prior to use, or applied directly to the biofilm soiled surface.
  • the redox based viscosity modifier is comprised of a phosphine derivative selected from the group comprising Tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), TCEP monomethyl ester, TCEP dimethyl ester, and TCEP trimethyl ester.
  • TCEP Tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine
  • Other redox based viscosity modifiers used in the composition of the invention may be other esters of TCEP, such as the ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl esters.
  • redox based viscosity modifiers being reducing agents, which may be used in the composition of the invention are sodium dithionite, sodium thiosulfate and sodium bisulfite.
  • Redox based viscosity modifiers not containing a sulfhydryl group or a disulphide link may also be used in the composition of the invention. These will typically comprise biologically acceptable antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. Other examples include coumarin derivatives and flavonoid derivatives, which are typically recognised as antioxidants, and compounds capable of reducing oxidative stress within living tissue. Examples of coumarin and flavonoid derivatives suitable for use in the compositions of the invention may be found in "The Antioxidant Activity of Coumarins and Flavonoids", GB Bubols et al, Mini Rev Med Chem. 2013
  • the trimethyl TCEP ester is 35-fold more reactive than TCEP. Under these conditions, the thiol based agent dithiothreitol (DTT) is essentially unreactive.
  • Esterification of the TCEP also increases lipophilicity, allowing the TCEP trimethyl ester to penetrate phospholipid bilayers rapidly (>30-fold faster than DTT), whereas the parent TCEP is impermeant.
  • the biofilm disruptor is an agent that can either lead to scission of the biopolymers that make up the biofilm, or lead to a disruption of the adhesive forces that help attach the biofilm to its supporting surfaces.
  • the biofilm disruptor breaks down the polymeric components of the EPS of bacterial biofilm into smaller, more diffusible components.
  • the redox based viscosity modifier in the composition of the invention is believed to act synergistically with the biofilm disruptor by reducing the cross-linking between the various EPS biopolymers, and thus lowering the viscosity of the biofilm, so allowing the biofilm disruptor to more readily diffuse into their substrate biopolymers, and also allowing the more ready outward diffusion of the resultant biopolymer fragments following enzyme degradation.
  • the biofilm disruptor may be at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of protease, amylase, cellulase, and DNase.
  • one or more of the enzymes is DNase.
  • the composition of the invention will contain two or more of these enzyme types.
  • the diffusion of the enzyme molecule into its substrate is likely to be limited by the high viscosity likely to be encountered in the biofilm EPS.
  • the enzyme in the composition of the invention is DNase, it is believed that it degrades the extracellular chains of DNA and other nucleic acids released into the extracellular matrix by the lysis of bacterial cells, thus releasing the cell genetic material into the EPS.
  • DNA packages such as plasmids, which are small circular sections of double stranded DNA found separate from chromosomal DNA within most bacterial species may also be released and taken up by live bacteria within the biofilm, thus providing a mechanism for the exchange of genetic information such as antibiotic resistance. It is believed that, by using DNase into the composition of the invention, this may serve to restrict further genetic exchange.
  • the biofilm disruptor may comprise a blend of surfactants and/or solvents which preferably lower the surface tension of the composition to at least 35 imN/m.
  • the surfactants are non-toxic and non- irritating at the in-use concentration.
  • the surfactants may be selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactant types, or compatible mixtures thereof.
  • a cationic surfactant when used, this may also function as a biocide.
  • biocidal cationic surfactants which may be used in the composition of the invention include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dimethyl
  • cationic surfactants will typically be incompatible with anionic surfactants, and therefore mixtures of surfactants containing cationic surfactants will not contain anionic surfactants and vice versa.
  • polyglucosides polyglucosides, alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol block copolymers (PluronicsTM), N-alkyl pyrrolidinones (e.g. SurfadoneTM).
  • PluronicsTM polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol block copolymers
  • N-alkyl pyrrolidinones e.g. SurfadoneTM
  • surfactants which may be used in the composition of the invention may be found in US6855678, incorporated herein in its entirety by way of reference. More specifically, the at least one surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an alkyl, aryl or amine halide surfactant, a polyethoxylate of an alkylamine surfactant, and a lauric mono, di- or triethanolamine.
  • said nonionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and/or from 6 to 12 moles of ethyleneoxide; an amine oxide containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; an ethoxylate alkyl amine containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; an alkyl (C8-12) dimethyl benzyl amine halide; and a lauric mono, di- or triethanolamine.
  • Solvents which act as a biofilm disruptor which may be used in the composition of the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of one or more low molecular weight polar water soluble solvents selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary alcohols; glycols; esters; ketones; aromatic alcohols; and cyclic nitrogen solvents containing 8 or less carbon atoms. More preferably, the one or more solvent is selected from the group consisting of a (C1 -6) alcohol; ester; ether; ketone; glycol; or their methyl and ethyl esters and ethers; an aromatic alcohol containing 8 or less carbon atoms; pyrrolidone; and methyl pyrrolidone.
  • composition of the invention will comprise one or more
  • surfactants/solvents providing a surface tension of the solution of less than 40nN/m.
  • the surfactant/solvent(s) will be selected in order to reduce the surface tension of the composition to below 30nN/m.
  • the composition of the invention comprises at least one biocide.
  • the biocide may be selected from an antibiotic or a disinfectant, depending on the intended use of the composition.
  • the biocide will be a pharmacologically acceptable antibiotic preferably selected from the group consisting of ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefixime, cefaclor, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and telithromycin.
  • the biocide may typically be one found in disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK), dimethyl didecylammonium chloride (DDAC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), alexidine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, phenolic disinfectants such as chloroxylenol, o-phenylphenol, chlorocresol, etc.
  • disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK), dimethyl didecylammonium chloride (DDAC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), alexidine
  • BAK benzalkonium chloride
  • DDAC dimethyl didecylammonium chloride
  • CHG chlorhexidine gluconate
  • PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide
  • alexidine hydrogen peroxide
  • peracetic acid phenolic disinfectants
  • phenolic disinfectants such as chloroxy
  • the function of the biocide is to kill the organisms responsible for the formation of the biofilm. This will have the secondary effect of removing the
  • the at least one redox based viscosity modifier and the at least one biofilm disruptor within the composition of the invention act synergistically with the biocide.
  • microorganisms found within biofilms will show a high level of resistance to biocidal agents, predominantly due to the fact that microorganisms are embedded deep within the EPS and thus shielded from biocides.
  • a second factor for the resistance of the organisms to biocidal compounds is the fact that many organisms within the biofilm may exchange genetic information, such as resistance to
  • the biofilm disrupting composition may optionally contain other ingredients such as tonicity modifiers, pH buffers, colourants, preservatives and perfumes.
  • the composition of the invention may also contain tonicity modifying ingredients. These may comprise inorganic salts, for example sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, or may comprise organic tonicity modifiers such as propylene glycol, glycerol, mannitol, arabitol, glucose, fructose etc.
  • the composition of the invention may be isotonic (i.e. 250 -350mOsmal/Kg) or hypotonic (i.e. ⁇ 250mOsmal/Kg).
  • the composition of the invention will not be hypertonic as this may lead to dehydration of the biofilm, resulting in a reduced tendency of the composition to diffuse into the biofilm and attack it.
  • composition of the invention may also comprise colouring agents.
  • the colouring agents may be added to provide a function to the composition, such as the staining of components found within the bacterial biofilm, or may just be added to provide an aesthetically pleasing solution.
  • the resultant staining may provide a visual cue as to the presence of the biofilm, thus also provide a means of monitoring its removal.
  • Suitable colouring agents capable of staining biofilm components will include Coomassie Brilliant Blue, Crystal Violet, erythrosine and tartrazine.
  • the biofilm disrupting composition may be in solid form, or the composition may be a solution.
  • the mixture may comprise one or more processing aids such as mannitol, starch, glucose, sucrose etc in order to allow the composition to be processed into micronized particles, preferably with a mean particle size of less than 500 microns.
  • the micronized composition will have a mean particle size of less than 100 microns, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the micronized composition will have a mean particle size of less than 40 microns.
  • the micronized composition of this particularly preferred embodiment is suitable for inhalation and useful for the disruption and removal of bacterial biofilms found in the lungs in conditions such as cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other airway infections in which biofilms are implicated, such as recurrent rhinosinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis.
  • COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • Example 1 is a ready to use formulation for the removal of biofilm from lumened medical instruments such as endoscopes.
  • the biocides in this formulation are cationic surfactants, which also serve as biofilm disrupting agents.
  • Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson.
  • Arquad 2.10-80 is an 80% solution of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride supplied by Stepan, and Vantocil IB is a 20% aqueous solution of
  • Example 2 is an example of a biofilm removing concentrate, intended to be diluted with water at a dilution rate of 1 :100.
  • the redox based viscosity modifier is TCEP
  • the biofilm disruptor is provided by surfactant/solvent blend
  • the biocide is benzalkonium chloride.
  • Dissolvine is a solution of 39% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt supplied by Akzo Nobel, Alkadet A20 is an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant supplied by Huntsman. Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson
  • Tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine serves as the redox based viscosity modifier
  • a blend of protease and amylase enzymes serve as the biofilm disrupting agents
  • benzalkonium chloride serves as the biocide.
  • Emulan TXO 5.50 Surfactant
  • Gardiquat 1450 1 .73 Surfactant/biocide
  • Pluronic PE6400 is an ethylene glycol/propylene glycol block copolymer nonionic surfactant provided by BASF.
  • Emulan TXO is an alkyl alkoxide nonionic surfactant provided by BASF
  • Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson.
  • Spezyme AA is a liquid alpha amylase enzyme supplied by Novozymes.
  • Effectenz P150 is a serine protease enzyme supplied by DuPont
  • Papain 6000L is a cysteine protease enzyme supplied by Novozymes.
  • glutathione serves as the redox based viscosity modifier
  • a blend of protease and amylase enzymes serve as the biofilm disrupting agents
  • zinc chloride serves as the biocide.
  • Spezyme AA is a liquid alpha amylase enzyme supplied by Novozymes.
  • Effectenz P150 is a serine protease enzyme supplied by DuPont.

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Abstract

A biofilm disrupting composition for disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a surface, comprising at least one redox based viscosity modifier, at least one biofilm disruptor, and at least one biocide, wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is capable of reducing disulfide links in biofilm components. Also disclosed is a process of preparing the composition and the use of the composition to disrupt biofilms on, and/or remove bacterial biofilms from, a surface. Also disclosed is a method of disruption of biofilm on, and/or removal of biofilm from, a surface, comprising applying to said surface the composition of the invention in an amount which effectively disrupts and/or removes said biofilm.

Description

Biofilm disrupting composition for use on a surface Field of the invention
[0001 ] The invention relates to a biofilm disrupting composition. The composition is useful for the disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a range of surfaces such as medical devices and environmental surfaces.
Background of Invention
[0002] A biofilm is any group of microorganisms in which cells stick to each other and often these cells adhere to a surface. These adherent cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). The biofilm EPS is typically comprised of a polymeric conglomeration generally composed of extracellular DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. Biofilms may form on living or non-living surfaces and can be prevalent in natural, industrial and hospital settings. The microbial cells growing in a biofilm are physiologically distinct from planktonic cells of the same organism, which, by contrast, are single-cells that may float or swim in a liquid medium.
[0003] Typically, the formation of a biofilm commences by the adsorption of proteins, polysaccharides, and other materials onto the surface to form a conditioning layer. Early colonization of the surface covered with this conditioning layer by bacterial species may then occur. Initially, bacterial cell attachment is reversible.
[0004] The adhesiveness of the layer is also mediated by the presence of glycoproteins and adhesins released by the early colonizing cells, forming a basal layer to the biofilm. In the case of adhesins, it has been shown that disulfide links provided by the amino acid cysteine are found near the ligand-binding sites of a wide range of microbial adhesive proteins, including the FimH adhesion, a two-domain protein located on the tip of type 1 fimbriae, 0.5-1 μιη long organelles primarily composed of FimA polymers found on the bacterial surface of Escherichia coli. The disulphide linkages provided by the cysteine moieties have been demonstrated to be critical for bacterial adhesion under flow conditions (see Nilsson et al, Molecular Microbiology, 2007, 65(5), 1 158-1 169). [0005] As the biofilm matures, many of the adhered bacterial cells become irreversibly adsorbed onto the surface. The number of irreversibly attached cells increases due to bacterial cell replication, a process that will be limited by
physiological processes and the concentration of rate-limiting nutrients. This will in turn lead to the transition of affixed cells from their planktonic form to their attached form, a process governed by change in genetic up-regulation that also results in the release of polysaccharides to form the biofilm EPS.
[0006] Microbes form a biofilm in response to many factors, which may include cellular recognition of specific or non-specific attachment sites on a surface, nutritional cues, or in some cases, by exposure of planktonic cells to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. When a cell switches to the biofilm mode of growth, it undergoes a phenotypic shift in behavior in which large suites of genes are differentially regulated.
[0007] ESKAPE organisms are a group of clinically relevant multi-drug resistant organisms. These are Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp, all of which are capable of forming biofilm, and also capable of serious infections in hospitals, particularly in ICU's. In particular, several of these organisms are implicated in biofilm-mediated medical conditions. Pseudomonas for example is implicated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, whereas multi-organism biofilms have been implicated in diabetic wound ulcers.
[0008] Similarly, glutathione has also been found to be efficacious in the disruption of biofilm. It is thought that glutathione impacts the integrity of the biofilm by its interaction with pyrocyanin, a toxin typically produced by Pseudomonas.
[0009] Pyocyanin is a blue, secondary metabolite with the ability to oxidise and reduce other molecules and therefore can kill microbes competing against P.
aeruginosa as well as mammalian cells of the lungs which P. aeruginosa has infected during cystic fibrosis. Due to its redox-active properties, pyocyanin generates reactive oxygen species that lead to oxidative stress of mammalian cells. [0010] Pyocyanin also intercalates directly with eDNA, thereby conferring structural integrity to the biofilm through increased cell surface hydrophobicity, which enhances intercellular aggregation.
[001 1 ] Several therapies have been developed to address biofilm mediated conditions. For example, inhaled glutathione (GSH) therapy has been used to reduce oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis patients and inhibit proliferation of Pseudomonas infections in cystic fibrosis patients, including increasing susceptibility of the
Pseudomonas to antibiotics {Zhang and Duan, Science in China Series C: Life Sciences 2009 Jun;52(6):501 -5).
[0012] It has also been found that GSH and DNase 1 can be combined for treating chronic Pseudomonas infections in individuals with cystic fibrosis (Klare et al., Canberra ASM meeting, July 2015). Further, GSH and DNase 1 have been found to be useful in the disruption of Pseudomonas biofilms in cystic fibrosis-like media and increasing susceptibility of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics (Klare et al., 2016 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60 (8) 4539-4551 ).
[0013] A reference herein to a patent document or other matter which is given as prior art is not to be taken as an admission that that document or matter was known or that the information it contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims.
[0014] It would be desirable to provide a composition which is effective against biofilms and in particular biofilms caused by ESKAPE organisms.
Summary of Invention
[0015] It has been surprisingly found that a composition comprising a combination of a redox based viscosity modifier, a biofilm disrupter and a biocide provides enhanced biofilm disruption. The composition of the invention has been found to be effective against biofilms caused by ESKAPE organisms.
[0016] Disclosed herein is a biofilm disrupting composition comprising:
(i) at least one redox based viscosity modifier;
(ii) at least one biofilm disruptor; and (iii) at least one biocide.
[0017] More specifically, according to a first embodiment of the invention there is provided a biofilm disrupting composition comprising:
(i) at least one redox based viscosity modifier;
(ii) at least one biofilm disruptor; and
(iii) at least one biocide wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is capable of reducing disulfide links in biofilm components.
[0018] According to a second embodiment of the invention there is provided a biofilm disrupting composition when used for disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a surface, comprising:
(i) at least one redox based viscosity modifier;
(ii) at least one biofilm disruptor; and
(iii) at least one biocide. wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is capable of reducing disulfide links in biofilm components.
[0019] According to a third embodiment of the invention there is provided a process of preparing a biofilm disrupting composition comprising combining at least one redox based viscosity modifier, at least one biofilm disruptor, and at least one biocide, to form said composition.
[0020] According to a fourth embodiment of the invention there is provided the use of a composition according to the first or second embodiments to disrupt biofilms on, and/or remove bacterial biofilms from, a surface.
[0021 ] According to a fifth embodiment of the invention there is provided a method of disruption of biofilm on, and/or removal of biofilm from, a surface, comprising applying to said surface a biofilm disrupting composition according to the first or second embodiments in an amount which effectively disrupts and/or removes said biofilm. [0022] Throughout the description and claims of the specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.
[0023] The ingredients of the composition of the invention act synergistically providing superior biofilm disruption. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the redox based viscosity modifier, by virtue of its low molecular weight and therefore high diffusivity, reduces the viscosity of the biofilm, thus facilitating the diffusion in of the enzymes, allowing greater access to the biopolymer chains, leading to more efficient scission. Finally, with the biofilm EPS degraded, the biocide will have greater access to the microbial species.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[0024] Redox based viscosity modifier
[0025] The composition of the invention comprises at least one redox based viscosity modifier. This is a biologically and pharmaceutically acceptable compound capable of reducing disulphide bonds and therefore is capable of disrupting disulphide cross-links found within glycoproteins and adhesins typically found in the basal layers of most biofilms. Typically, such compounds will have a redox potential in the range of -0.05V to -0.50V.
[0026] Redox based viscosity modifiers that may be used in the composition of the invention are reducing agents known to reduce disulphide bonds.
[0027] Examples of redox based viscosity modifiers include mercaptoethanol, N- acetyl cysteine (NAC), glutathione (GSH), thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (TGA), sodium mercaptoethane sulfonate, dithiothreitol (DTT), dithiobutylamine and other similar compounds. Other examples of suitable redox based viscosity modifiers are compounds such as lipoic acid or erdosteine, which are capable of generating free thiol groups in vivo following first pass metabolism.
[0028] One potential issue with the use of a thiol based redox based viscosity modifier will be the tendency for the sulfhydryl group to undergo atmospheric oxidation, particularly in solution. In a preferred embodiment, the inventive biofilm disrupting compositions will be in the form of a powder blend composition, intended for either dissolution in water prior to use, or applied directly to the biofilm soiled surface.
[0029] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the redox based viscosity modifier is comprised of a phosphine derivative selected from the group comprising Tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), TCEP monomethyl ester, TCEP dimethyl ester, and TCEP trimethyl ester. Other redox based viscosity modifiers used in the composition of the invention may be other esters of TCEP, such as the ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl esters.
[0030] Other redox based viscosity modifiers, being reducing agents, which may be used in the composition of the invention are sodium dithionite, sodium thiosulfate and sodium bisulfite.
[0031 ] Redox based viscosity modifiers not containing a sulfhydryl group or a disulphide link may also be used in the composition of the invention. These will typically comprise biologically acceptable antioxidants such as ascorbic acid. Other examples include coumarin derivatives and flavonoid derivatives, which are typically recognised as antioxidants, and compounds capable of reducing oxidative stress within living tissue. Examples of coumarin and flavonoid derivatives suitable for use in the compositions of the invention may be found in "The Antioxidant Activity of Coumarins and Flavonoids", GB Bubols et al, Mini Rev Med Chem. 2013
Mar;13(3):318-34, incorporated herein as a reference.
[0032] As described in by Cline et al, (Biochemistry, 2004 Dec 7;43(48):15195- 203), the use of the various esters of TCEP allows for the modification of the reactivity of the TCEP towards disulphide bonds by virtue of modifying the phosphorus pKa values. pKa
Unesterified TCEP 7.6
TCEP monomethyl ester 6.8
TCEP dimethyl ester 5.8
TCEP Trimethyl ester 4.7 [0033] At pH 5.0, the order of reactivity against disulphide bonds in a model peptide is as follows:
[0034] trimethyl- > dimethyl- > monomethyl- > TCEP » DTT.
[0035] The trimethyl TCEP ester is 35-fold more reactive than TCEP. Under these conditions, the thiol based agent dithiothreitol (DTT) is essentially unreactive.
Esterification of the TCEP also increases lipophilicity, allowing the TCEP trimethyl ester to penetrate phospholipid bilayers rapidly (>30-fold faster than DTT), whereas the parent TCEP is impermeant.
[0036] Biofilm Disruptor
[0037] The biofilm disruptor is an agent that can either lead to scission of the biopolymers that make up the biofilm, or lead to a disruption of the adhesive forces that help attach the biofilm to its supporting surfaces. The biofilm disruptor breaks down the polymeric components of the EPS of bacterial biofilm into smaller, more diffusible components. The redox based viscosity modifier in the composition of the invention is believed to act synergistically with the biofilm disruptor by reducing the cross-linking between the various EPS biopolymers, and thus lowering the viscosity of the biofilm, so allowing the biofilm disruptor to more readily diffuse into their substrate biopolymers, and also allowing the more ready outward diffusion of the resultant biopolymer fragments following enzyme degradation.
[0038] The biofilm disruptor may be at least one enzyme selected from the group consisting of protease, amylase, cellulase, and DNase. Preferably one or more of the enzymes is DNase. More preferably, the composition of the invention will contain two or more of these enzyme types.
[0039] Given that the tertiary structure of most of the enzymes used in the composition of the invention is globular, the diffusion of the enzyme molecule into its substrate is likely to be limited by the high viscosity likely to be encountered in the biofilm EPS. When the enzyme in the composition of the invention is DNase, it is believed that it degrades the extracellular chains of DNA and other nucleic acids released into the extracellular matrix by the lysis of bacterial cells, thus releasing the cell genetic material into the EPS. Other DNA packages, such as plasmids, which are small circular sections of double stranded DNA found separate from chromosomal DNA within most bacterial species may also be released and taken up by live bacteria within the biofilm, thus providing a mechanism for the exchange of genetic information such as antibiotic resistance. It is believed that, by using DNase into the composition of the invention, this may serve to restrict further genetic exchange.
[0040] Alternatively, or in addition, the biofilm disruptor may comprise a blend of surfactants and/or solvents which preferably lower the surface tension of the composition to at least 35 imN/m. Preferably, the surfactants are non-toxic and non- irritating at the in-use concentration. The surfactants may be selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactant types, or compatible mixtures thereof.
[0041 ] When a cationic surfactant is used, this may also function as a biocide. Examples of biocidal cationic surfactants which may be used in the composition of the invention include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, dimethyl
didecylammonium chloride etc. It is recognized that cationic surfactants will typically be incompatible with anionic surfactants, and therefore mixtures of surfactants containing cationic surfactants will not contain anionic surfactants and vice versa.
[0042] Preferred are mixtures of non-ionic surfactants such as alkyl
polyglucosides, alcohol ethoxylates, polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol block copolymers (Pluronics™), N-alkyl pyrrolidinones (e.g. Surfadone™).
[0043] Representative examples of surfactants which may be used in the composition of the invention may be found in US6855678, incorporated herein in its entirety by way of reference. More specifically, the at least one surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of an alkyl polysaccharide surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an alkyl, aryl or amine halide surfactant, a polyethoxylate of an alkylamine surfactant, and a lauric mono, di- or triethanolamine. More preferably, said nonionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and/or from 6 to 12 moles of ethyleneoxide; an amine oxide containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; an ethoxylate alkyl amine containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; an alkyl (C8-12) dimethyl benzyl amine halide; and a lauric mono, di- or triethanolamine. [0044] Solvents which act as a biofilm disruptor which may be used in the composition of the invention are preferably selected from the group consisting of one or more low molecular weight polar water soluble solvents selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary alcohols; glycols; esters; ketones; aromatic alcohols; and cyclic nitrogen solvents containing 8 or less carbon atoms. More preferably, the one or more solvent is selected from the group consisting of a (C1 -6) alcohol; ester; ether; ketone; glycol; or their methyl and ethyl esters and ethers; an aromatic alcohol containing 8 or less carbon atoms; pyrrolidone; and methyl pyrrolidone.
[0045] The surfactant and/or solvent have the added advantage of providing a composition with improved surface wetting characteristics. In a more preferred embodiment, the composition of the invention will comprise one or more
surfactants/solvents providing a surface tension of the solution of less than 40nN/m. In an even more preferred embodiment, the surfactant/solvent(s) will be selected in order to reduce the surface tension of the composition to below 30nN/m.
[0046] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that solutions with a very low surface tension (i.e. 35 nN/m or less) can penetrate between the biofilms basal layer and the substrate on which the biofilm has grown thus leading to detachment of the biofilm from the surface. This can lead to clumps of biofilm detaching from the surface, thus being available from attack from both anterior and posterior surfaces.
[0047] Biocide
[0048] The composition of the invention comprises at least one biocide. The biocide may be selected from an antibiotic or a disinfectant, depending on the intended use of the composition.
[0049] In the case of a composition intended for the in-vivo removal of a biofilm, such as that found in the lungs in cystic fibrosis patients, the biocide will be a pharmacologically acceptable antibiotic preferably selected from the group consisting of ciprofloxacin, dexamethasone, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefixime, cefaclor, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and telithromycin. [0050] When the biofilm is found on an environmental surface, or on the surface of a medical device such as a catheter, the biocide may typically be one found in disinfectants such as benzalkonium chloride (BAK), dimethyl didecylammonium chloride (DDAC), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), alexidine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, phenolic disinfectants such as chloroxylenol, o-phenylphenol, chlorocresol, etc.
[0051 ] The function of the biocide is to kill the organisms responsible for the formation of the biofilm. This will have the secondary effect of removing the
propensity of the biofilm to release infectious agents that often lead to chronic illnesses with in-vivo biofilms, or indeed serve as an environmental reservoir of infectious organisms.
[0052] The at least one redox based viscosity modifier and the at least one biofilm disruptor within the composition of the invention act synergistically with the biocide. Typically, microorganisms found within biofilms will show a high level of resistance to biocidal agents, predominantly due to the fact that microorganisms are embedded deep within the EPS and thus shielded from biocides. A second factor for the resistance of the organisms to biocidal compounds is the fact that many organisms within the biofilm may exchange genetic information, such as resistance to
antimicrobial species.
[0053] Ancillary agents
[0054] The biofilm disrupting composition may optionally contain other ingredients such as tonicity modifiers, pH buffers, colourants, preservatives and perfumes.
[0055] Tonicity modifying agent
[0056] The composition of the invention may also contain tonicity modifying ingredients. These may comprise inorganic salts, for example sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, or may comprise organic tonicity modifiers such as propylene glycol, glycerol, mannitol, arabitol, glucose, fructose etc. The composition of the invention may be isotonic (i.e. 250 -350mOsmal/Kg) or hypotonic (i.e. <250mOsmal/Kg). Preferably the composition of the invention will not be hypertonic as this may lead to dehydration of the biofilm, resulting in a reduced tendency of the composition to diffuse into the biofilm and attack it.
[0057] Colouring agent
[0058] The composition of the invention may also comprise colouring agents. The colouring agents may be added to provide a function to the composition, such as the staining of components found within the bacterial biofilm, or may just be added to provide an aesthetically pleasing solution.
[0059] When the colouring agent is added to stain components of the biofilm, the resultant staining may provide a visual cue as to the presence of the biofilm, thus also provide a means of monitoring its removal. Suitable colouring agents capable of staining biofilm components (for example protein, polysaccharide or bacterial cell walls) will include Coomassie Brilliant Blue, Crystal Violet, erythrosine and tartrazine.
[0060] Processing aids
[0061 ] The biofilm disrupting composition may be in solid form, or the composition may be a solution. In the case of a solid mixture of ingredients, the mixture may comprise one or more processing aids such as mannitol, starch, glucose, sucrose etc in order to allow the composition to be processed into micronized particles, preferably with a mean particle size of less than 500 microns. In a more preferred embodiment, the micronized composition will have a mean particle size of less than 100 microns, and in a particularly preferred embodiment, the micronized composition will have a mean particle size of less than 40 microns. The micronized composition of this particularly preferred embodiment is suitable for inhalation and useful for the disruption and removal of bacterial biofilms found in the lungs in conditions such as cystic fibrosis, bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other airway infections in which biofilms are implicated, such as recurrent rhinosinusitis or pharyngotonsillitis. Examples
[0062] Example 1
[0063] Example 1 is a ready to use formulation for the removal of biofilm from lumened medical instruments such as endoscopes. The biocides in this formulation are cationic surfactants, which also serve as biofilm disrupting agents.
Figure imgf000013_0001
[0064] Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson. Arquad 2.10-80 is an 80% solution of Didecyldimethylammonium chloride supplied by Stepan, and Vantocil IB is a 20% aqueous solution of
polyhexamethylene biguanide, supplied by Lonza.
[0065] Example 2
[0066] Example 2 is an example of a biofilm removing concentrate, intended to be diluted with water at a dilution rate of 1 :100. In this example, the redox based viscosity modifier is TCEP, the biofilm disruptor is provided by surfactant/solvent blend, and the biocide is benzalkonium chloride. Ingredient % w/v Function
Deionised water 73.97 Aqueous Solvent
redox based viscosity
Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) 3.00 modifier
Dissolvine E39 2.55 Chelating agent
80% Lactic acid 2.07 Buffering agent
48.5% sodium hydroxide solution 0.92 Buffering agent
Alkadet A20 2.49 Surfactant
Gardiquat 1450 9.90 Surfactant/biocide
Cetrimide 4.00 Surfactant/biocide
Ethylene diglycol monoethyl ether 4.98 Solvent
Citral 0.05 Perfume
Coomassi Brilliant Blue 0.003 colourant
[0067] Dissolvine is a solution of 39% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt supplied by Akzo Nobel, Alkadet A20 is an alkyl polyglucoside surfactant supplied by Huntsman. Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson
[0068] Example 3
[0069] In this formulation, intended to be used at a dilution of 5ml/litre, Tris(2- carboxyethyl)phosphine serves as the redox based viscosity modifier, a blend of protease and amylase enzymes serve as the biofilm disrupting agents, and benzalkonium chloride serves as the biocide.
Ingredient % w/v Function
Deionised water 50.00 Aqueous solvent
Buffering agent/enzyme
Boric acid 1 .00 stabiliser
Tris(2- redox based viscosity
carboxyethyl)phosphine 1 .00 modifier
48.5% sodium hydroxide 1 .80 Buffering agent
sodium gluconate 2.00 Chelating agent Propylene glycol 20.00 solvent
Glycerine 1 1 .40 solvent
Ethylene diglycol monoethyl
ether 6.50 solvent
Pluronic PE6400 5.18 surfactant
Emulan TXO 5.50 Surfactant
Gardiquat 1450 1 .73 Surfactant/biocide
Spezyme AA 1 .50 Amylase enzyme
Effectenz P150 3.07 Protease enzyme
Papain 6000L 0.20 Protease enzyme
[0070] Pluronic PE6400 is an ethylene glycol/propylene glycol block copolymer nonionic surfactant provided by BASF. Emulan TXO is an alkyl alkoxide nonionic surfactant provided by BASF, Gardiquat 1450 is a 50% benzalkonium chloride solution provided by Albright and Wilson. Spezyme AA is a liquid alpha amylase enzyme supplied by Novozymes. Effectenz P150 is a serine protease enzyme supplied by DuPont, and Papain 6000L is a cysteine protease enzyme supplied by Novozymes.
[0071 ] Example 4
[0072] In this formulation, intended to be used at a dilution of 2ml/litre, glutathione serves as the redox based viscosity modifier, a blend of protease and amylase enzymes serve as the biofilm disrupting agents, and zinc chloride serves as the biocide.
Ingredient % w/v Function
Dl water 44.00 Aqueous solvent
Boric acid 1 .00 enzyme stabiliser
Glutathione 1 .00 redox based viscosity modifier
48% Potassium hydroxide
solution 4.09 Buffering agent
Gluconodeltalactone 4.08 Chelating agent
Propylene glycol 20.00 Solvent 85% TEA 20.00 solvent
85% phosphoric acid 7.00 Buffering agent
Effectenz P150 10.00 Protease enzyme
Spezyme AA 4.00 Amylase enzyme
Zinc chloride 5.00 Biocide
[0073] Spezyme AA is a liquid alpha amylase enzyme supplied by Novozymes. Effectenz P150 is a serine protease enzyme supplied by DuPont.

Claims

Claims
1 . A biofilm disrupting composition for disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a surface, comprising:
(i) at least one redox based viscosity modifier;
(ii) at least one biofilm disruptor; and
(iii) at least one biocide wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is capable of reducing disulfide links in biofilm components.
2. A biofilm disrupting composition when used for disruption and/or removal of bacterial biofilms from a surface, comprising:
(i) at least one redox based viscosity modifier;
(ii) at least one biofilm disruptor; and
(iii) at least one biocide
wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is capable of reducing disulfide links in biofilm components.
3. A composition according to claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is selected from the group consisting of mercaptoethanol, N-acetyl cysteine, glutathione, thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate, sodium
mercaptoethane sulfonate, dithiothreitol, dithiobutylamine, lipoic acid, erdosteine, ascorbic acid, coumarin derivatives, flavonoid derivatives, sodium dithionite, sodium thiosulfate, sodium bisulfite, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), TCEP
monomethyl ester, TCEP dimethyl ester, TCEP trimethyl ester and an ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl ester of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP).
4. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is combined with an antioxidant to prevent atmospheric oxidation of a sulfhydryl group.
5. A composition according to claim 3 wherein the redox based viscosity modifier is selected from the group consisting of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), TCEP monomethyl ester, TCEP dimethyl ester, TCEP trimethyl esters, an ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and butyl ester of tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), and mixtures thereof.
6. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the biofilm disruptor is at least one enzyme.
7. A composition according to claim 6 wherein the at least one enzyme is selected from the group consisting of amylase, cellulase, DNase and protease, or mixtures thereof.
8. A composition according to claim 7 wherein at least one enzyme is amylase.
9. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the biofilm disruptor is one or more one surfactant and/or solvent.
10. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or non-ionic surfactant types, or compatible mixtures thereof.
1 1 . A composition according to claim 10 wherein the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride and dimethyl didecylammonium chloride.
12. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the nonionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a nonionic surfactant containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms and/or from 6 to 12 moles of ethyleneoxide; an amine oxide containing from 12 to 18 carbon atoms; an ethoxylated alkylamine containing from 10 to 14 carbon atoms and 1 to 6 moles of ethylene oxide; and a lauric mono, di- or triethanolamine.
13. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of one or more low molecular weight polar water soluble solvents selected from the group consisting of primary or secondary alcohols; glycols; esters; ketones; aromatic alcohols; and cyclic nitrogen solvents containing 8 or less carbon atoms.
14. A composition according to claim 13 wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of a (C1 -6) alcohol, ester, ether, ketone, glycol, or their methyl and ethyl esters and ethers; an aromatic alcohol containing 8 or less carbon atoms;
pyrrolidone; and methyl pyrrolidone.
15. A composition according to claim 9 wherein the one or more surfactant and/or solvent provides a surface tension of the solution of less than 40nN/m.
16. A composition according to claim 15 wherein the one or more surfactant and/or solvent provides a surface tension of below 30nN/m.
17. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the biocide is selected from the group consisting of benzalkonium chloride, dimethyl
didecylammonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, polyhexamethylene biguanide, alexidine, hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, phenolic disinfectants such as chloroxylenol, o-phenylphenol and chlorocresol.
18. A composition according to claim 17 in addition comprising ancillary
ingredients selected from the group consisting of tonicity modifiers and pH buffers.
19. A composition according to claim 18 wherein the tonicity modifier is selected from the group consisting of inorganic salts and organic tonicity modifiers.
20. A composition according to claim 19 wherein the inorganic salt is selected from the group consisting of sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, sodium phosphate and potassium phosphate.
21 . A composition according to claim 19 wherein the organic tonicity modifier is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol, glycerol, mannitol, arabitol, glucose and fructose.
22. A composition according to any one of claims 18 to 21 wherein the composition is isotonic or hypotonic.
23. A composition according to claim 22, which is hypotonic.
24. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 23 comprising colouring agents.
25. A composition according to claim 24 wherein the colouring agent is selected from Coomassie Brilliant Blue, Crystal Violet, erythrosine and tartrazine.
26. A process of preparing a biofilm disrupting composition comprising combining at least one redox based viscosity modifier, at least one biofilm disruptor and at least one biocide, to form said composition.
27. The use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25 to disrupt biofilms on, and/or remove bacterial biofilms from, a surface.
28. The use of claim 27 wherein said composition disrupts the Extracellular Polymeric Substrate (EPS) of the biofilm.
29. The use of claim 27 wherein said composition disrupts the basal layer of the biofilm.
30. The use according to any one of claims 27 to 29 wherein the surface is the surface of a medical device or an environmental surface.
31 . A method of disruption of biofilm on, and/or removal of biofilm from, a surface, comprising applying to said surface a biofilm disrupting composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25 in an amount which effectively disrupts and/or removes said biofilm.
32. A method according to claim 31 , wherein the surface is the surface of a medical device or an environmental surface.
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US11510960B2 (en) 2022-11-29

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