WO2018108040A1 - 电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机 - Google Patents

电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018108040A1
WO2018108040A1 PCT/CN2017/115332 CN2017115332W WO2018108040A1 WO 2018108040 A1 WO2018108040 A1 WO 2018108040A1 CN 2017115332 W CN2017115332 W CN 2017115332W WO 2018108040 A1 WO2018108040 A1 WO 2018108040A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
inverter
motor
current
power switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/115332
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
金爱娟
李少龙
Original Assignee
上海理工大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201611162491.5A external-priority patent/CN106602963A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710068398.6A external-priority patent/CN106788117B/zh
Application filed by 上海理工大学 filed Critical 上海理工大学
Publication of WO2018108040A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018108040A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
    • H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of AC motors, and in particular relates to a high current multi-phase AC motor, an AC motor assembly including the multi-phase AC motor and the inverter, and an electric drive device and an electric drive device including the AC motor assembly.
  • the controller controls the power switch unit (including the power diode and the power) on the three-phase inverter bridge arm through a drive signal (not shown) sent by the drive circuit.
  • the positive conduction and the off of the power switch tube in the switch tube referred to as the switch unit, obtain a symmetrical three-phase AC voltage (or current) and load it into the motor winding.
  • the controller controls the displacement, speed and torque of the motor through various control strategies.
  • the input power of the motor increases.
  • the input current of the motor must increase, that is, the output current of the inverter must increase. Large, the current flowing through the inverter power switching unit must increase. In order to ensure the normal operation of the system, the power switch tube must have a larger operating current.
  • the power switch tube capable of withstanding the large working current required by the high-power motor is expensive or impossible to purchase, or even does not exist. In this case, two or more are often used. The total price is low, and the power switch tube with a relatively small operating current that is relatively easy to purchase replaces a large current power switch tube. This method is generally referred to as parallel connection.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between a high-current three-phase AC motor and an inverter which are common in the prior art.
  • the inverter adopts a parallel current sharing technique, and the line current of each phase of the AC motor is composed of j.
  • Parallel in-phase inverter bridge arms are provided together.
  • the current value flowing in each power switch tube on each inverter bridge arm is one-j of the AC motor line current, that is, the j parallel small-current power switch tubes are common. Take on one line current of the motor.
  • the parallel power switch tubes can be forwarded and simultaneously turned off at the same time, so that the large current of each line of the motor is shared during the forward conduction, and the current sharing effect is better.
  • a power switch tube needs to be carefully selected from a large number of power switch tubes, so that the use cost is high, and the more power switch tubes are connected in parallel, the more the cost rises sharply.
  • the total maximum operating current of the parallel power switch tube is much larger than the maximum line current of the motor, which is generally 2-3 times.
  • the inverter voltage is supplied by the battery
  • the battery voltage amplitude is limited, it is far lower than the case of the AC power supply, and the motor line current is larger in the case where the output power is constant, which causes the problem to be more serious.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above problems by providing a plurality of inverter arm independent and current decoupling inverters of the same phase, and a plurality of phases including a plurality of multiphase windings independently mounted on the armature.
  • the AC motor and the electric drive device and the electric device including the inverter and the multi-phase AC motor cancel the parallel current sharing technology of the power switch tube, and the motor and the inverter are used in the case of using a common small current power switch tube.
  • the current value of the device can be arbitrarily increased.
  • the invention provides an electric driving device, which is arranged in an electric device and is used for driving an electric device, comprising: a multi-phase AC motor having a phase number k, having a rated line voltage and a rated line current; a DC power source having a rating A constant voltage power supply corresponding to the line voltage is used to supply a direct current corresponding to the rated line current; the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current according to the control signal and supplies it to the multiphase AC motor.
  • the technical feature is characterized in that the multi-phase AC motor has j independent multi-phase windings, and the inverter has j inverter units respectively corresponding to j multi-phase windings, each of which has k
  • the inverter bridge arms connected in parallel to each other provide a k-route current to the corresponding multi-phase winding, k is a positive integer of 2 or more, and j is a positive integer of 1 or more.
  • each of the inverter bridge arms comprises an upper arm power switch unit and a lower arm power switch unit connected to each other in series, an upper arm power switch unit and a lower
  • the bridge arm power switch unit has the same predetermined maximum output current.
  • the electric drive device further includes: a controller according to a predetermined duty cycle of the upper arm power switch unit and the lower arm power switch unit, and according to a corresponding working time with the upper arm power switch unit or the lower arm power switch unit
  • the internal output voltage or the control signal corresponding to the forward current provides a drive signal to the inverter.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have a feature in which when the maximum output current of the upper arm power switch unit and the lower arm power switch unit is I 1 and the maximum line current of the multi-phase AC motor is I max
  • the number j of the multi-phase windings satisfies the following conditions:
  • the electric drive device may further have the following features: wherein the DC power supply comprises one or j independent DC units, and the DC unit is a rectifying unit obtained by rectifying and filtering the battery pack or the AC power source, and j is independent of each other.
  • the DC unit is connected in one-to-one correspondence with the j inverter units.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have a feature in which the multi-phase windings are annularly coupled, and the plurality of inverter bridge arms are respectively connected to the plurality of end-to-end contacts of the corresponding multi-phase windings to provide line current.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have a feature in which the multi-phase windings are star-connected, and the plurality of inverter bridge arms are respectively connected to a plurality of end points of the corresponding multi-phase windings to provide a line current.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have a feature in which the multi-phase winding is independently mounted on an armature or a plurality of armatures, and the armature is a stator or a rotor of the multi-phase AC motor.
  • the multi-phase AC motor is any one of an asynchronous motor, a synchronous motor, a switched reluctance motor, and a brushless DC motor.
  • the power switch tube in the power switch unit is a semi-controlled or fully-controlled device.
  • the half-controlled device is a common thyristor (SCR), and the full-control device is a power field effect transistor, a gate turn-off thyristor, and an integrated gate. Any of a commutated thyristor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a power bipolar transistor.
  • the present invention also provides an inverter, with a multiphase AC motor having a rated line voltage and a rated line current of k and containing j independent multiphase windings, and having a constant voltage and for providing
  • the DC power sources of the direct current corresponding to the rated line current are respectively connected, and are used for converting the direct current into alternating current according to the control signal and supplying the same to the multi-phase alternating current motor, and having the technical feature including corresponding to the j multi-phase windings respectively j inverter units.
  • each of the inverter units has k inverter bridge arms connected in parallel with each other to provide a k-route current to the corresponding multi-phase winding, k is a positive integer of 2 or more, and j is a positive integer of 1 or more.
  • the present invention also provides a multi-phase AC motor having a phase number k having a rated line voltage and a rated line current, and having j inverter units and passing through the j inverter units according to the control signal will have a constant voltage
  • the direct current output of the direct current power source is converted into an alternating current inverter, and has the technical feature of having j independent multiphase windings.
  • j multi-phase windings respectively correspond to j inverter units, each multi-phase winding receiving k-route voltage or line current provided by k mutually connected inverter bridge arms in each inverter unit, k A positive integer of 2 or more, and j is a positive integer of 1 or more.
  • the present invention provides an electric device, comprising: an electric drive device, wherein the electric drive device is an electric drive device in ⁇ Structure 1>.
  • the present invention also provides an electric driving device, which is disposed in an electric device for driving an electric device, comprising: a multi-phase AC motor having a phase number k, having a rated line voltage and a rated line current for outputting a predetermined output value for driving the electric device; a DC power source for supplying DC power; a controller receiving a command signal corresponding to a predetermined output value of the multi-phase AC motor output, and calculating and outputting a control signal according to the command signal; the driver generating the signal according to the control signal
  • the driving signal the inverter converts the direct current into alternating current under the action of the driving signal and supplies the same to the multi-phase alternating current motor, wherein the multi-phase alternating current motor has j independent multi-phase windings, and the inverter has j mutually independent inverter units connected in one-to-one correspondence with j multi-phase windings, each inverter unit having k inverter arms connected in parallel with each other to provide k-route current to
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have the feature that the battery unit is composed of one battery unit, or is connected in series by at least two battery cells, or is connected in series by a plurality of battery cells. to make.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have a feature in which the multi-phase AC motor is any one of an asynchronous motor, a synchronous motor, a switched reluctance motor and a brushless DC motor, and the multi-phase winding is on the armature. Symmetrically distributed, the multi-phase windings may be connected by a star connection or a ring connection, and the number of parallel windings of the multi-phase AC motor windings may be divisible by the number j of the multi-phase windings.
  • each of the inverter bridge arms includes an upper arm power switch unit and a lower arm power switch unit connected to each other in series, an upper arm power switch unit and a lower bridge
  • the arm power switch unit includes a power switch tube or a plurality of power switch tubes connected in parallel.
  • the electric drive device provided by the invention may also have the feature that the inverter unit is composed of a single intelligent power module or comprises a plurality of power switch tubes, and the power switch tube is a common thyristor (SCR) and electric power.
  • SCR common thyristor
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have such a feature, further comprising: an output sensor, wherein the output sensor detects a predetermined output value of the output of the multi-phase AC motor, and transmits a corresponding output feedback signal, and the controller is in accordance with the command signal. At the same time, the control signal is calculated and output according to the output feedback signal.
  • the electric drive device provided by the present invention may further have such a feature, further comprising: an inner ring sensing portion, wherein the inner ring sensing portion detects physical parameters of the multi-phase alternating current motor and transmits a corresponding inner loop feedback signal;
  • the controller calculates and outputs a control signal according to the inner loop feedback signal according to the command signal and the output feedback signal, and the physical parameter is at least one of a line voltage, a line current, a rotational speed, and a torque.
  • the present invention provides an electric device characterized by comprising: an electric drive device, wherein the electric drive device is an electric drive device in ⁇ Structure 5>.
  • the inverter since the multi-phase AC motor has j independent multi-phase windings, the inverter has corresponding to j multi-phase windings respectively.
  • any two The multi-phase winding or any two inverter units do not interfere with each other, so that the current of the multi-phase AC motor and the inverter can be arbitrarily increased as needed, not only retaining the mature control algorithm of the original inverter and the AC motor Mature technology, and reduce the consistency of the performance of the power switch tube, the use of ordinary power switch tube can meet the requirements, avoiding the large number of high-consistency devices from a large number of power switch tubes The cost of human and financial resources.
  • the electric drive device of the present invention can break the monopoly of the large current drive device abroad, so that the electric drive device can be used not only for the engine with a slow start speed but also for a heavy locomotive that cannot currently use the motor, such as a truck, a bulldozer, and a digging machine.
  • Heavy-duty locomotives such as earthmoving machines can also be applied to electric warships, electric warships, and electric-driven aircraft carriers that require more current in the military to realize the localization of low-voltage and high-current electric drive devices.
  • the electric drive device of the invention has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple, low cost, stable and reliable working performance, long service life, strong environmental adaptability and small average switching loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an electric drive device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a small current multi-phase AC motor and an inverter in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of a high current multi-phase AC motor and an inverter in the prior art
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the circuit structure of an electric drive device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the circuit configuration of an electric drive device in the first embodiment.
  • the electric drive device 10 is disposed in an electric device such as a power tool, a quadrupole aircraft, an electric car, an electric ship, an industrial electric forklift, an electric military device, and is used to drive an electric device.
  • the electric drive device 10 includes a DC power source 11, an inverter 12, a multi-phase AC motor 13, a controller 14, and a driver 15.
  • the DC power source 11 supplies DC power to the inverter 12; the inverter 12 converts DC power to AC power according to a drive signal from the controller 14 via the driver 15 to the multi-phase AC motor 13.
  • the DC power source 11 is a DC power source obtained by rectifying and filtering a battery or an AC power source, and a removable electric device is often used as a battery.
  • the multi-phase AC motor 13 has j independent multi-phase windings 131 independently mounted on an armature or a plurality of armatures, each of which has a k-phase.
  • k is three, that is, the multi-phase AC motor 13 is a three-phase AC motor.
  • the multi-phase winding 131 is a three-phase winding, and each three-phase winding has three windings A and B which are connected in a delta shape. , C.
  • the armature is a stator or a rotor of a multi-phase AC motor
  • the multi-phase AC motor is any one of an asynchronous motor, a synchronous motor, a switched reluctance motor, and a brushless DC motor.
  • the inverter 12 includes j inverter units 121 respectively corresponding to j multi-phase windings, and each inverter unit 121 has three A-phase inverter bridge arms and a B-phase inverter bridge which are mutually juxtaposed and have the same structure. Arm and C-phase inverter bridge arm.
  • phase A inverter arm and the phase A winding are connected to the junction of the phase C winding
  • the phase B inverter arm and the phase B winding are connected to the junction of the phase A winding
  • the phase C inverter arm and the phase C winding and the phase B winding are connected to the contact of the phase A winding
  • the phase C inverter arm and the phase C winding and the phase B winding is connected to provide a line current to the motor.
  • Each of the inverter bridge arms includes an upper arm power switch unit 121a and a lower arm power switch unit 121b connected to each other in series. That is, each of the three-phase windings 131 is separately driven by the inverter unit 121 composed of six power switching units.
  • the upper arm power switch unit 121a and the lower arm power switch unit 121b have the same predetermined maximum output current.
  • the maximum output current is an important parameter of the power switch unit. Only when the current value is below this, the power switch unit is likely to operate stably. If the operating current exceeds this current value, the power switch unit will be broken due to overcurrent. Thereby damaged.
  • the power switch tube in the power switch unit is a semi-controlled or fully-controlled device
  • the half-controlled device is a common thyristor (SCR)
  • the fully-controlled device is a power field effect transistor and a gate Any one of a turn-off thyristor, an integrated gate commutated thyristor, an insulated gate bipolar transistor, and a power bipolar transistor.
  • the controller 14 is based on a predetermined duty cycle between the upper arm power switch unit 121a and the lower arm power switch unit 121b, and according to the corresponding working time with the upper arm power switch unit 121a or the lower arm power switch unit 121b.
  • the output voltage or the drive signal corresponding to the forward current is supplied to the driver 15.
  • the driver 15 includes an A-phase driving circuit, a B-phase driving circuit, and a C-phase driving circuit, and the three-phase driving circuit respectively goes to the A-phase inverter bridge arm, the B-phase inverter bridge arm, and the upper arm on the C-phase inverter bridge arm.
  • the power switch tube of the power switch unit 121a and the power switch tube 121b of the lower arm power switch unit provide a drive signal to be turned on or off.
  • the number j of the multi-phase windings in this embodiment is an integer, and satisfies the following condition: j>I max ⁇ I 1 .
  • I 1 is the maximum output current of a single bridge arm
  • I max is the maximum line current of the multiphase AC motor.
  • the determination of j is as follows: First, the value of I max is known, and a suitable power switch tube is selected to determine the maximum output current value of a single power switch tube, and then calculated according to the above formula and rounded up to obtain j. Then, when the motor winding is split into j parallel multi-phase windings, if the motor windings are not wound or difficult to be directly split, the windings can be redesigned using the equivalent principle, and the number of windings of the windings is determined as j. Or an integer multiple of j.
  • the output current of any one of the inverter bridge arms is only related to the multi-phase windings connected thereto, and has no electrical coupling relationship with the output currents of other multi-phase windings or inverter bridge arms. Even if the power switching tubes of all inverter bridge arms of the same phase have inconsistent switching characteristics, the electromagnetic torque generated by each multi-phase winding is inconsistent in the switching instant, due to the forward and the off process of the power switching tube. The time is very small, and the motor and its load are a relatively large inertial object. The influence of this electromagnetic torque inconsistency is negligible and completely negligible.
  • the electric drive device the electric device, the inverter and the multi-phase AC motor provided in the first embodiment, since the multi-phase AC motor has j independent multi-phase windings, the inverter has separate phases from the j multi-phase windings.
  • Corresponding j inverter units each of which has k inverter arms connected in parallel with each other to provide k-route current to the corresponding multi-phase windings, so that each multi-phase winding is separately driven by the corresponding inverter unit, Any two multi-phase windings or any two inverter units do not interfere with each other, so that the current of the multi-phase AC motor and the inverter can be arbitrarily increased as needed, not only retaining the mature control algorithm of the original inverter and The mature technology of the AC motor, and the requirement for the performance consistency of the power switch tube is reduced.
  • the common power switch tube can meet the requirements, and the selection of a high-consistent device from a large number of power switch tubes is avoided. A lot of manpower and financial resources are brought.
  • the electric drive device of the first embodiment can break the monopoly of the high current drive device abroad, so that the electric drive device can be used not only for the engine with a slow start speed but also for a heavy locomotive that cannot currently use the motor, such as a truck or a bulldozer.
  • Heavy-duty locomotives such as excavators, etc., can also be applied to electric vehicles, electric warships, and electric-driven aircraft carriers that require more current in military applications, and realize the localization of large-current and high-power electric drive devices.
  • the electric drive device of the first embodiment has the advantages of reasonable structural design, simple structure, low cost, low heat generation, stable and reliable working performance, long service life, strong environmental adaptability, and small average switching loss.
  • the electric drive device of the first embodiment transfers the superposition relationship of the parallel relationship of the inverter bridge arm and the output current of the inverter bridge arm to j independent multi-phase winding magnetics.
  • the synthetic relationship of the momentum Since the magnetomotive force does not cause the current flow failure of the single power switch tube to over-current, the bottleneck problem of the high current motor is solved. In theory, the motor can achieve any large current required.
  • the electric drive device 210 is disposed in an electric device such as a power tool, a quadrupole aircraft, an electric car, an electric ship, an industrial electric forklift, an electric military device for driving the electric device.
  • an electric device such as a power tool, a quadrupole aircraft, an electric car, an electric ship, an industrial electric forklift, an electric military device for driving the electric device.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the circuit structure of the electric drive device in the second embodiment.
  • the electric drive device 210 includes a multi-phase AC motor 211, a DC power source 212, a command transmitting unit 213, a current sensor 214, an output sensor 215, a controller 216, a driver 217, and an inverter 218.
  • the multiphase AC motor 211 has a phase number k and has a rated line voltage and a rated line current.
  • the multi-phase AC motor 211 has j independent multi-phase windings 2111 mounted on an armature or a plurality of armatures, and the number of j can be equally divided by the number of windings of the multi-phase AC motor 211, The number of j is greater than or equal to 2. Before and after splitting, the number of winding phases, winding phase sequence, winding turns, winding coupling mode, rated voltage and rated current of the multi-phase AC motor winding and j multi-phase windings remain unchanged.
  • k is three, that is, the multi-phase AC motor 211 is a three-phase AC motor.
  • the multi-phase winding 2111 is a three-phase winding, and each three-phase winding has three windings A and B which are connected in a delta shape. , C.
  • the armature is a stator of a multi-phase AC motor
  • the multi-phase AC motor is an asynchronous motor or a synchronous motor.
  • the DC power source 212 has a constant voltage corresponding to the rated line voltage of the multi-phase AC motor 211 for providing DC power corresponding to the rated line current.
  • the DC power source is a power battery.
  • the DC power source 212 has j battery cells 211 that are independent of each other.
  • Each of the battery cells 2121 is composed of one battery cell or a series of at least two battery cells. Therefore, the j battery cells 2121 do not have an electrical coupling relationship in the device, and there are no problems such as the circulation caused by the voltage unequal in the parallel battery cells, thereby eliminating the battery balancing problem caused by the parallel connection of the battery cells, and the total of the DC power sources.
  • the capacity is substantially equal to the sum of the capacities of the j battery cells 2121.
  • the command transmitting unit 213 transmits a command signal corresponding to the value of the number of revolutions or torque output from the multi-phase AC motor 211.
  • the inner ring sensing unit 214 detects the physical parameters of the multi-phase AC motor and transmits a corresponding inner loop feedback signal; the controller calculates and outputs a control signal according to the inner loop feedback signal according to the command signal and the output feedback signal.
  • the physical parameters are at least one of line voltage, line current, speed, and torque.
  • the inner ring sensing portion 214 is a current sensor 214.
  • the current sensor 214 detects the line current of the multi-phase winding 2111 and transmits a feedback signal corresponding to the detected line current value.
  • the feedback signal is received by controller 216.
  • the output sensor 215 detects the rotational speed or torque output by the multi-phase AC motor 211 and transmits a corresponding output signal.
  • the corresponding output signal is received by controller 216.
  • the output sensor 215 can be a rotational speed sensor or a torque sensor. In the present embodiment, the output sensor 215 employs a rotational speed sensor.
  • the controller 216 calculates an output control signal based on the command signal of the command transmitting unit 213, the feedback signal of the current sensor 214, and the output signal of the output sensor 215.
  • the driver 217 generates a drive signal for driving the operation of the inverter based on the control signal.
  • the inverter 218 converts the direct current into alternating current by the driving signal and supplies it to the multiphase alternating current motor 211.
  • the inverter 218 includes j inverter units 2181 corresponding to the j multi-phase windings 2111, respectively.
  • Each of the inverter units 2181 has three A-phase inverter bridge arms, a B-phase inverter bridge arm, and a C-phase inverter bridge arm which are mutually juxtaposed and have the same structure and power switch tubes.
  • the output line of the A-phase inverter bridge arm is connected to the contact point of the A-phase winding and the C-phase winding
  • the output line of the B-phase inverter bridge arm is connected to the contact point of the B-phase winding and the A-phase winding
  • the output of the C-phase inverter bridge arm The line connects the junction of the C-phase winding and the B-phase winding to provide line current to the winding.
  • Each of the inverter bridge arms includes an upper arm power switch unit 2181a and a lower arm power switch unit 2181b which are connected in series to each other.
  • the upper arm power switch unit 2181a and the lower arm power switch unit 2181b are each formed by one power switch tube or a plurality of power switch tubes having the same performance parameters in parallel.
  • each of the three-phase windings 2111 is separately driven by an inverter unit 2181 composed of six power switching tubes.
  • the upper arm power switch unit 2181a and the lower arm power switch unit 2181b have the same maximum continuous operating current. Only under the maximum continuous working current, the power switch tube can run stably for a long time. If the working current exceeds this current value, the power switch tube will be broken and damaged due to overcurrent.
  • the inverter unit may be composed of a single intelligent power module, or may be a combination of multiple power switch tubes and power diodes of the same type and parameters.
  • the power switch tube is a semi-controlled or fully controlled device.
  • the half-controlled device is a common thyristor (SCR)
  • the fully-controlled device is a power field effect transistor (Power MOSFET), a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO), and integration.
  • IGCT gate commutated thyristor
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • GTR power bipolar transistor
  • SGCT gate commutated thyristor
  • j mutually independent battery cells 2121 are respectively connected to j mutually independent inverter cells 2181 and supply power to j mutually independent multi-phase windings 2111.
  • the controller 216 is further configured to output according to a predetermined duty cycle of the upper arm power switch unit 2181a and the lower arm power switch unit 2181b, and according to the upper arm power switch unit 2181a and the lower arm power switch unit 2181b.
  • the voltage or the drive signal corresponding to the forward current provides a control signal to the driver 213.
  • the driver 217 has j driving units 2171 having the same independent parameters. Each driving unit 2171 simultaneously receives the same control signal from the controller 216, and the j driving units 2171 are respectively connected to the j inverter units 2181. Each of the driving units 2171 can emit an A-phase driving signal, a B-phase driving signal, and a C-phase driving signal, and the three-phase driving signals respectively drive the A-phase inverter bridge arm, the B-phase inverter bridge arm, and the C-phase inverter bridge arm.
  • the power switch tube of the upper arm power switch unit 2181a and the power switch tube of the lower arm power switch unit 2181b are turned on or off.
  • the number j of the multi-phase windings in this embodiment is an integer, and satisfies the following condition: j>I max ⁇ I 1 .
  • I 1 is the maximum output current of a single bridge arm
  • I max is the maximum line current of the multiphase AC motor.
  • the determination of j is as follows: First, the value of I max is known, and the appropriate power switch tube is selected according to the purchase requirements, cost performance and reliability, and the maximum output current value of the single power switch tube is determined, and then calculated according to the above formula and taken up. Get j. Then, when the motor winding is split into j parallel multi-phase windings, if the motor windings are not wound or difficult to be directly split, the windings can be redesigned using the equivalent principle, and the number of windings of the windings is determined as j. Or an integer multiple of j.
  • I 1 may not be determined according to j, j is set but directly, and then again select the appropriate power switch and the split winding wire, as long as the performance of the motor after the wire split unchanged and a single arm can be stably
  • the line current of the multi-phase winding can be provided.
  • the output current of any one of the inverter bridge arms is only related to the multi-phase windings connected thereto, and there is no electrical coupling relationship with the output currents of the other multi-phase windings and their corresponding inverter bridge arms. Therefore, the problem of parallel current sharing of the power switch tubes in the high current system is eliminated. Even if the power switching tubes of all the inverter arms of a phase have inconsistent switching characteristics, the torque generated by each multi-phase winding is inconsistent in the two instants of the forward conduction process and the shutdown process, but Since the switching process is very short and the turn-off process is very short, it is generally nanosecond, and the motor and its load are a relatively large inertial object. The influence of this torque inconsistency is negligible and completely negligible.
  • the electric drive device the electric device, the inverter and the multi-phase AC motor provided in the second embodiment, since the multi-phase AC motor has j independent multi-phase windings, the inverter has separate phases from the j multi-phase windings.
  • Corresponding j inverter units each of which has k inverter arms connected in parallel with each other to provide k-route current to the corresponding multi-phase windings, so that each multi-phase winding is separately driven by the corresponding inverter unit, Any two multi-phase windings or any two inverter units do not interfere with each other, so that the current of the multi-phase AC motor and the inverter can be arbitrarily increased as needed, not only retaining the mature control algorithm of the original inverter and The mature technology of AC motor, and the requirement for consistency of performance of semiconductor switching components, can meet the requirements by using common semiconductor switching components, avoiding the selection of high-consistent switching components from a large number of semiconductor switching components. A lot of manpower and financial resources are brought.
  • the inverter since the multi-phase AC motor has j independent multi-phase windings, the inverter has j mutually independent inverses connected in one-to-one correspondence with the j multi-phase windings.
  • each of the inverter units having k inverter arms connected in parallel with each other to provide a k-route current to the corresponding multi-phase winding, the DC power source having j independent battery cells and correspondingly connecting j inverter units,
  • the driver has j independent driving units, which are respectively connected with j inverter units, so the battery cells of the battery pack do not need to adopt parallel technology, and only the series technology is used to form the battery unit, thereby eliminating the parallel connection of the battery cells.
  • the resulting battery balance problem In terms of power supply, a single large-capacity series-parallel battery pack is replaced by a plurality of relatively small-capacity battery cells. When the number of battery cells is the same, the overall performance degradation of the battery due to parallel connection is reduced, and the energy density is improved. , power, performance, durability and safety, can provide better protection for the battery life and performance.
  • the output current of the plurality of battery cells is small relative to the output current of the single series-parallel battery pack, so the connection line between the battery unit and the inverter unit, the connection of the connection line and the battery unit, the connection line, and the inverter
  • the connector of the unit has lower requirements for resistance and insulation. Therefore, not only the difficulty and cost of production are reduced, but also the reliability and safety of the system are improved.
  • the realization of the electric driving device of the second embodiment helps to break the monopoly and blockade of the large current driving device abroad, and promotes the development and growth of the electric device, so that the electric driving device can not only replace the pollution and the starting speed.
  • Slow and energy-efficient fuel engines for heavy-duty locomotives that cannot currently use electric motors such as heavy-duty locomotives such as forklifts, trucks, bulldozers, and excavators, can also be applied to electric vehicles that require more current in the military.
  • On the electric aircraft electric warships and electric-driven aircraft carriers, the localization of low-voltage and high-current electric drive devices has been realized.
  • the system performance is superior, the reliability is higher, and the fault tolerance is stronger.
  • the electric drive device of the second embodiment has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, low cost, low heat generation, stable working performance, safety and reliability, and long service life.
  • the three-phase windings are connected in a delta shape, and the three inverter bridge arms are respectively connected to the three end-to-end contacts of the corresponding three-phase windings to provide a line current.
  • the three-phase windings may also be star-connected, in which case the three inverter bridge arms are respectively connected to the three end points of the corresponding three-phase windings to provide line current.
  • the present invention has been described in detail by taking a three-phase motor as an example.
  • the electric drive device of the present invention the multi-phase AC motor is not limited to a three-phase AC motor, and may be other phases of the motor.

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Abstract

一种电动驱动装置（10、210）、电动设备、逆变器（12、218）以及多相交流电机（13、211），其中该电动驱动装置（10、210）包括：多相交流电机（13、211），其相数为k，具有额定线电压和额定线电流；直流电源（11、212），具有与额定线电压相对应的恒定的电源电压，用于提供与额定线电流相对应的直流电；逆变器（12、218），根据控制信号将直流电转换为交流电并提供给多相交流电机（13、211）。具有这样的技术特征：其中，多相交流电机（13、211）具有j个相互独立的多相绕组（131、2111），逆变器（12、218）具有与j个多相绕组（131、2111）分别相对应的j个逆变单元（121、2181），每个逆变单元（121、2181）具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组（131、2111）提供k路线电流，k为2以上的正整数，j为1以上的正整数。

Description

电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机 技术领域
本发明属于交流电机领域，特别涉及一种大电流多相交流电机、包含该多相交流电机以及逆变器的交流电机组件以及包含交流电机组件的电动驱动装置及电动驱动设备。
背景技术
随着环保要求的提高，国家对将燃油作为能量来源的各种设备的尾气排放管理也越来越严格，因此，将电作为能源的电动设备如电动汽车、电动工具等越来越受到生产商和消费者的青睐。另外，电动设备比燃油设备还具有能源利用率高、结构简单、噪声小、动态性能好和便携性高等优点。
在三相交流电机驱动系统中，如图2所示，控制器通过驱动电路发出的驱动信号(图中未示出)控制三相逆变器桥臂上的功率开关单元(包括电力二极管和功率开关管，简称为开关单元)中的功率开关管的正向导通和关断得到对称的三相交流电压(或电流)，并将其加载到电机绕组中。在整个过程中，控制器通过各种控制策略控制电机的位移、转速和转矩等目标。
随着带控制的电动驱动装置或者电动驱动设备负载的增大，电机的输入功率也随着增大。当逆变器输入端直流电压大小因为各种原因的约束而无法随着负载的增大而增大的情况下，电机的输入电流必然增大，也就是说，逆变器的输出电流必然增大，流过逆变器功率开关单元的电流必然增大。为了保证系统正常工作，功率开关管必须具有更大的工作电流。
然而，受各种条件的影响，能够承受大功率电机所要求的大工作电流的功率开关管价格很高或者无法购买，甚至不存在，在这种情况下，往往选用两个或两个以上的总价格偏低，容易购买的最大工作电流相对较小的功率开关管代替一个大电流功率开关管，一般把这种方法称之为并联。
图3为现有技术中常见的大电流三相交流电机和逆变器的连接关系示意图，由图3可知，逆变器采用并联均流技术，交流电机每一相的线电流都由j个并联的同相逆变器桥臂共同提供。理论上，每个逆变器桥臂上的每个功率开关管中所流过的电流值是交流电机线电流的j分之一，也就是说，这j个并联的小电流功率开关管共同承担电机的一个线电流。
由此可知，单独的一个小电流功率开关管无法承担一个大电流电机的线电流，如果出现大电流流过单个的小电流功率开关管，超越了小电流功率开关管的承受能力的情况，小电流功率开关管必然损坏。
在开关特性一致性很高的情况下，并联的功率开关管能够同时正向导通和 同时关断，从而在正向导通期间共同分担电机每一线的大电流，均流效果则会较好。但这种功率开关管需要从大量的功率开关管中精挑细选才能得到，致使使用成本很高，并联的功率开关管越多，成本越急剧上升。此外，即使挑选出的这些功率开关管在使用前的测试过程中一致性高，随着使用环境和器件老化的影响，也难以保证在使用过程中仍然能保持极高的一致性。基于这个考虑，所以并联功率开关管总的最大工作电流要大于电机最大线电流很多，一般是2-3倍。
受各种因素的影响，当功率开关管从关断状态转变为正向导通状态时，如果并联的小电流功率开关管无法同时正向导通将导致均流失败，那么提前正向导通的单个功率开关管将流过很大的电机线电流，从而功率开关管出现损坏；同样的道理，当功率开关管从正向导通状态转变为关断状态时，如果并联的小电流功率开关管无法同时关断将导致均流失败，那么最后关断的那个功率开关管也将流过很大的电机线电流，从而开关元件出现损坏。
随着功率开关管并联数量的增长，其开关特性的一致性更加难以保证，致使均流效果越差，从而损坏的可能性越高，问题愈发严重。由于该并联均流技术无法保证任意多个并联的功率开关管同时正向导通和同时关断，而严重影响和限制了大电流电机电流值的增大，使得大电流电机的应用成为一个很难跨越的障碍。
进一步，在逆变器电压由电池供电的情况下，由于电池电压幅值受限，远远低于交流供电的情况，在输出功率不变的情况下，电机线电流更大，致使问题更加严重，进而严重影响了电池供电的电动工具、电动车尤其重型电动车、电动船，甚至国防上的电动战车、电动军舰和电驱动航空母舰的发展。
发明内容
本发明是为解决上述问题而进行的，通过提供一种同一相的多个逆变桥臂独立且电流解耦的逆变器、包含多个独立安装在电枢上的多相绕组的多相交流电机以及包含该逆变器和该多相交流电机的电动驱动装置和电动设备，取消了功率开关管的并联均流技术，在使用普通的小电流功率开关管的情况下，电机和逆变器的电流值可以任意增大。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用了下述技术方案：
<结构一>
本发明提供了一种电动驱动装置，设置在电动设备中，用于驱动电动设备，包括：多相交流电机，其相数为k，具有额定线电压以及额定线电流；直流电源，具有与额定线电压相对应的恒定电压的电源，用于提供与额定线电流相对应的直流电；逆变器，根据控制信号将直流电转换为交流电并提供给多相交流电机。具 有这样的技术特征：其中，多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，k为2以上的正整数，j为1以上的正整数。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的技术特征：其中，每个逆变桥臂含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元，上桥臂功率开关单元和下桥臂功率开关单元具有相同的预定最大输出电流。该电动驱动装置还包括：控制器，根据上桥臂功率开关单元和下桥臂功率开关单元的预定工作周期，以及根据与上桥臂功率开关单元或者下桥臂功率开关单元在相应的工作时间内的输出电压或正向导通电流相对应的控制信号，向逆变器提供驱动信号。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，当上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元的最大输出电流为I 1，多相交流电机的最大线电流为I max时，多相绕组的个数j满足下述条件：
j＞I max÷I 1。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，直流电源包含一个或j个相互独立的直流单元，直流单元为电池组或交流电源经整流滤波后得到的整流单元，j个相互独立的直流单元与j个逆变单元一一对应连接。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，多相绕组呈环形联结，多个逆变桥臂分别与对应的多相绕组的多个首尾接点连接，从而提供线电流。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，多相绕组呈星形联结，多个逆变桥臂分别与对应的多相绕组的多个端点连接，从而提供线电流。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，多相绕组独立安装在一个电枢或多个电枢上，电枢为多相交流电机的定子或转子。多相交流电机为异步电机、同步电机、开关磁阻电机以及无刷直流电机中的任意一种。功率开关单元中的功率开关管为半控型或全控型器件，该半控型器件为普通晶闸管(SCR)，全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
<结构二>
进一步，本发明还提供了一种逆变器，与相数为k具有额定线电压以及额定线电流并且含有j个相互独立的多相绕组的多相交流电机、以及具有恒定电压并且用于提供与额定线电流相对应的直流电的直流电源分别相连接，用于根据控制信号将直流电转换为交流电并提供给多相交流电机，具有这样的技术特征：包括与j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元。其中，每个逆变单元具有k个相 互并列连接的逆变桥臂，从而向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，k为2以上的正整数，j为1以上的正整数。
<结构三>
进一步，本发明还提供了一种相数为k具有额定线电压以及额定线电流的多相交流电机，与具有j个逆变单元并且根据控制信号通过j个逆变单元将来自于具有恒定电压的直流电源输出的直流电转换为交流电的逆变器相连接，具有这样的技术特征：具有j个相互独立的多相绕组。其中，j个多相绕组分别与j个逆变单元相对应，每个多相绕组接收每个逆变单元中的k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂提供的k路线电压或线电流，k为2以上的正整数，j为1以上的正整数。
<结构四>
进一步，本发明还提供了一种电动设备，其特征在于，包括：电动驱动装置，其中，电动驱动装置为<结构一>中的电动驱动装置。
<结构五>
进一步，本发明还提供了一种电动驱动装置，设置在电动设备中，用于驱动电动设备，包括：多相交流电机，其相数为k，具有额定线电压以及额定线电流，用于输出驱动电动设备的预定输出值；直流电源，用于提供直流电；控制器，接收与多相交流电机输出预定输出值对应的指令信号，并根据指令信号计算并输出控制信号；驱动器，根据控制信号产生驱动信号；逆变器，在驱动信号的作用下将直流电转换为交流电并提供给多相交流电机，其特征在于：其中，多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组一一对应连接的j个相互独立的逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，直流电源具有j个相互独立的电池单元或整流单元，分别对应连接j个逆变单元，驱动器具有j个相互独立的驱动单元，分别与j个逆变单元相连接，k为大于2的正整数，j为大于1的正整数。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，电池单元是由一个电池单体构成、或是由至少两个电池单体串联而成、或是由多个电池单体串并联而成。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，多相交流电机为异步电机、同步电机、开关磁阻电机以及无刷直流电机中的任意一种，多相绕组在电枢上是对称分布的，多相绕组的联结方式可以是星形联结或环形联结，多相交流电机绕组的并绕根数能被多相绕组的个数j整除。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，每个逆变桥臂含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元，上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元均是包含了一个功率开关管、或是包含了多个并 联的功率开关管。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置还可以具有这样的特征：其中，逆变单元是由单个智能功率模块构成的或是包含多个功率开关管组合构成的，功率开关管为普通晶闸管(SCR)、电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管、电力双极型晶体管和门极换流晶闸管中的任意一种。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置，还可以具有这样的特征，还包括：输出传感器，其中，输出传感器检测多相交流电机输出的预定输出值，并发送对应的输出反馈信号，控制器在根据指令信号的同时，还根据输出反馈信号计算并输出控制信号。
本发明提供的电动驱动装置，还可以具有这样的特征，还包括：内环传感部，其中，内环传感部检测多相交流电机的物理参数，并发送对应的内环反馈信号；控制器在根据指令信号和输出反馈信号的同时，还根据内环反馈信号计算并输出控制信号，该物理参数为线电压、线电流、转速以及转矩中的至少一种。
<结构六>
进一步，本发明还提供了一种电动设备，其特征在于，包括：电动驱动装置，其中，电动驱动装置为<结构五>中的电动驱动装置。
发明的作用与效果
根据本发明提供的电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机，由于多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，使得每个多相绕组由对应的逆变单元单独驱动，任意两个多相绕组或任意两个逆变单元均是互不干扰，进而使得多相交流电机和逆变器的电流可以根据需要任意增大，不仅保留原来逆变器的成熟控制算法和交流电机的成熟技术，而且降低了对功率开关管性能一致性的要求，使用普通的功率开关管即可满足要求，避免了从大量的功率开关管中精挑细选一致性高的器件所带来的大量人力和财力的耗费。
此外，本发明的电动驱动装置能够打破国外对于大电流驱动装置的垄断，使得该电动驱动装置不仅能够取代启动速度慢的发动机而应用于目前无法采用电动机的重型机车上，如卡车、推土机、挖土机等重型机车等，还能够应用于军事上需要更大电流的电动战车、电动军舰和电驱动航空母舰上，实现了低压大电流的电动驱动装置的国产化。
因此，本发明的电动驱动装置具有结构设计合理、简单，成本低，工作性能稳定、可靠，使用寿命长、环境适应能力强、平均开关损耗小等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例一的电动驱动装置的电路结构示意图；
图2为现有技术中的小电流多相交流电机和逆变器的电路结构示意图；
图3为现有技术中的大电流多相交流电机和逆变器的电路结构示意图；以及
图4为本发明实施例二的电动驱动装置的电路结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图来说明本发明的具体实施方式。
<实施例一>
图1是本实施例一中的电动驱动装置的电路结构示意图。
电动驱动装置10设置在电动设备如电动工具、四轴飞行器、电动汽车、电动船舶、工业用电动叉车、电动军事设备内，用于驱动电动设备。如图1所示，电动驱动装置10包括直流电源11、逆变器12、多相交流电机13、控制器14以及驱动器15。
直流电源11为逆变器12提供直流电；逆变器12根据控制器14通过驱动器15发出的驱动信号将直流电转换为交流电提供给多相交流电机13。在本实施例中，直流电源11为电池或交流电源经整流滤波后得到的直流电源，可移动的电动设备常选用电池。
多相交流电机13具有独立安装在一个电枢或多个电枢上的j个相互独立的多相绕组131，每个多相绕组131均为k相。在本实施例中，k为三，即多相交流电机13为三相交流电机，相应的，多相绕组131为三相绕组，每个三相绕组具有三个呈三角形联结的绕组A、B、C。
在本实施例中，电枢为多相交流电机的定子或转子，多相交流电机为异步电机、同步电机、开关磁阻电机以及无刷直流电机中的任意一种。
逆变器12包括分别与j个多相绕组相对应的j个逆变单元121，每个逆变单元121具有三个相互并列连接并且结构相同的A相逆变桥臂、B相逆变桥臂以及C相逆变桥臂。
A相逆变桥臂和A相绕组与C相绕组的接点连接，B相逆变桥臂和B相绕组与A相绕组的接点连接，C相逆变桥臂和C相绕组与B相绕组的接点连接，分别向电机提供线电流。
每个逆变桥臂上含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元121a以及下桥臂功率开关单元121b。也就是说，每个三相绕组131由六个功率开关单元构成的逆变单元121单独驱动。
上桥臂功率开关单元121a和下桥臂功率开关单元121b具有相同的预定最大输出电流。最大输出电流是功率开关单元的一个重要参数，只有在这个电流值以下时，功率开关单元才有可能稳定运行，如果工作电流超过这个电流值，功率开关单元就会由于过流而被击穿，从而损坏。
在本实施例中，功率开关单元中的功率开关管为半控型或全控型器件，该半控型器件为普通晶闸管(SCR)，该全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
控制器14根据上桥臂功率开关单元121a和下桥臂功率开关单元121b之间的预定工作周期，以及根据与上桥臂功率开关单元121a或者下桥臂功率开关单元121b在相应的工作时间内输出的电压或正向导通电流相对应的驱动信号，向驱动器15提供信号。
驱动器15包括A相驱动电路、B相驱动电路以及C相驱动电路，该三相驱动电路分别向A相逆变桥臂、B相逆变桥臂以及C相逆变桥臂上的上桥臂功率开关单元121a的功率开关管和下桥臂功率开关单元的功率开关管121b提供驱动信号，让其正向导通或关闭。
本实施例中的多相绕组的个数j为整数，满足如下条件：j＞I max÷I 1。该式中I 1为单个桥臂的最大输出电流；I max为多相交流电机的最大线电流。
j的确定思路如下：首先已知I max的值，选择合适的功率开关管，确定单个功率开关管的最大输出电流值，然后根据上式计算并向上取整得到j。然后，把电机绕组拆分成j个并联的多相绕组时，如果电机绕组不是并绕的或难以直接拆分时，可以利用等效原理重新设计绕组，把绕组的并绕根数确定为j或j的整数倍。
当然，也可以不根据I 1来确定j，而是直接设定j，然后再来选择合适的功率开关管，只要保证单个桥臂能够稳定提供三相绕组的最大电压和最大电流即可。
任意一个逆变桥臂的输出电流仅仅与其相连接的多相绕组有关系，与其他的多相绕组或逆变桥臂的输出电流没有任何电的耦合联系。即使同一相的所有逆变桥臂的功率开关管存在开关特性不一致的情况，导致每个多相绕组所产生的电磁力矩在开关瞬间的大小不一致，由于功率开关管正向导通和关断过程的时间非常小，而电机及其负载又是一个相对很大的惯性物体，这个电磁力矩不一致的影响微乎其微，完全可以忽略不计。
实施例一的作用与效果
根据本实施例一提供的电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机，由于多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，使得每个多相绕组由对应的逆变单元单独驱动，任意两个多相绕组或任意两个逆变单元均是互不干扰的，进而使得多相交流电机和逆变器的电流可以根据需要任意增大，不仅保留原来逆变器的成熟控制算法和交流电机的成熟技术，而且降低了对功率开关管的性能一致性的要求，使用普通的功率开关管即可满足要求，避免了从大量的功率开关管中精挑细选一致性高的器件所带来的大量人力和财力的耗费。
此外，本实施例一的电动驱动装置能够打破国外对于大电流驱动装置的垄断，使得该电动驱动装置不仅能够取代启动速度慢的发动机而应用于目前无法采用电动机的重型机车上，如卡车、推土机、挖土机等重型机车等，还能够应用于军事上需要更大电流的电动战车、电动军舰和电驱动航空母舰上，实现了大电流大功率的电动驱动装置的国产化。
因此，本实施例一的电动驱动装置具有结构设计合理、简单，成本低，发热量小、工作性能稳定、可靠，使用寿命长、环境适应能力强、平均开关损耗小等优点。
此外，从另外一个角度来看，也可以认为，本实施例一的电动驱动装置把逆变桥臂的并联关系和逆变桥臂输出电流的叠加关系转移到j个相互独立的多相绕组磁动势的合成关系。由于磁动势不会导致单个功率开关管出现均流失败而过流的情况，从而解决了大电流电机的瓶颈问题，从理论上来看，电机可以实现所需要的任意大电流。
<实施例二>
电动驱动装置210设置在电动设备如电动工具、四轴飞行器、电动汽车、电动船舶、工业用电动叉车、电动军事设备内，用于驱动电动设备。
图4是本实施例二中的电动驱动装置的电路结构示意图。
如图4所示，电动驱动装置210包括多相交流电机211、直流电源212、指令发送部213、电流传感器214、输出传感器215、控制器216、驱动器217以及逆变器218。
多相交流电机211的相数为k，具有额定线电压以及额定线电流。多相交流电机211具有安装在一个电枢或多个电枢上的j个相互独立的多相绕组2111，j的个数可以通过多相交流电机211绕组的并绕根数进行平均拆分，j的个数大于等于2。拆分前后，多相交流电机绕组和j个多相绕组的绕组相数、绕组相序、 绕组匝数、绕组联结方式、额定电压和额定电流总和保持不变。
在本实施例中，k为三，即多相交流电机211为三相交流电机，相应的，多相绕组2111为三相绕组，每个三相绕组具有三个呈三角形联结的绕组A、B、C。
在本实施例中，电枢为多相交流电机的定子，多相交流电机为异步电机或同步电机。
直流电源212具有与多相交流电机211的额定线电压相对应的恒定电压，用于提供与额定线电流相对应的直流电。在本实施例中，直流电源为动力电池。直流电源212具有j个相互独立的电池单元2121。
每个电池单元2121均是由一个电池单体构成的、或是由至少两个电池单体串联而成的。所以，j个电池单元2121在装置中不存在电的耦合关系，不存在并联电池单体由于电压不等而引起的环流等问题，消除了电池单体并联引起的电池均衡问题，直流电源的总容量与j个电池单元2121容量之和基本相等。
指令发送部213发送与多相交流电机211输出的转速或转矩的值相对应的指令信号。
内环传感部214检测多相交流电机的物理参数，并发送对应的内环反馈信号；控制器在根据指令信号和输出反馈信号的同时，还根据内环反馈信号计算并输出控制信号，该物理参数为线电压、线电流、转速以及转矩中的至少一种。在本实施例中，内环传感部214为电流传感器214。电流传感器214检测多相绕组2111的线电流，并发送与检测的线电流值对应的反馈信号。反馈信号被控制器216接收。
输出传感器215检测多相交流电机211输出的转速或转矩，并发送对应的输出信号。对应的输出信号被控制器216接收。输出传感器215可为转速传感器或转矩传感器。在本实施例中，输出传感器215采用转速传感器。
控制器216根据指令发送部213的指令信号、电流传感器214的反馈信号以及输出传感器215的输出信号计算输出控制信号。
驱动器217根据控制信号产生驱动逆变器工作的驱动信号。
逆变器218在驱动信号的作用下将直流电转换为交流电并提供给多相交流电机211。逆变器218包括分别与j个多相绕组2111相对应的j个逆变单元2181。
每个逆变单元2181具有三个相互并列连接、结构和功率开关管都相同的A相逆变桥臂、B相逆变桥臂以及C相逆变桥臂。A相逆变桥臂的输出线连接着A相绕组与C相绕组的接点，B相逆变桥臂的输出线连接着B相绕组与A相绕组的接点，C相逆变桥臂的输出线连接着C相绕组与B相绕组的接点，分别向绕组提供线电流。
每个逆变桥臂含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元2181a以及下桥臂 功率开关单元2181b。
上桥臂功率开关单元2181a以及下桥臂功率开关单元2181b均是由一个功率开关管构成、或是多个性能参数一致的功率开关管并联而成的。在本实施例中，每个三相绕组2111是由六个功率开关管构成的逆变单元2181单独驱动。
上桥臂功率开关单元2181a以及下桥臂功率开关单元2181b具有相同的最大连续工作电流。只有在最大连续工作电流以下时，功率开关管才有可能长期稳定运行，如果工作电流超过这个电流值，功率开关管就会由于过流而被击穿损坏。
在本实施例中，逆变单元可以由单个智能功率模块构成，也可以采用多个类型和参数相同的功率开关管和电力二极管组合而成。
功率开关管为半控型或全控型器件，该半控型器件为普通晶闸管(SCR)，全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管(Power MOSFET)、门极可关断晶闸管(GTO)、集成门极换流晶闸管(IGCT)、绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)、电力双极型晶体管(GTR)和门极换流晶闸管(SGCT)中的任意一种。
在本实施例中，j个相互独立的电池单元2121分别与j个相互独立的逆变单元2181相连接并给j个相互独立的多相绕组2111供电。
控制器216还根据上桥臂功率开关单元2181a以及下桥臂功率开关单元2181b的预定工作周期，以及根据与上桥臂功率开关单元2181a以及下桥臂功率开关单元2181b在相应的工作时间内输出的电压或正向导通电流相对应的驱动信号，向驱动器213提供控制信号。
驱动器217具有j个相互独立参数相同的驱动单元2171，每个驱动单元2171同时接收到控制器216发出的相同控制信号，j个驱动单元2171分别与j个逆变单元2181相连接。每个驱动单元2171都可以发出A相驱动信号、B相驱动信号以及C相驱动信号，该三相驱动信号分别驱动A相逆变桥臂、B相逆变桥臂以及C相逆变桥臂上的上桥臂功率开关单元2181a的功率开关管以及下桥臂功率开关单元2181b的功率开关管，使其正向导通或关闭。
本实施例中的多相绕组的个数j为整数，满足如下条件：j＞I max÷I 1。该式中I 1为单个桥臂的最大输出电流；I max为多相交流电机的最大线电流。
j的确定思路如下：首先已知I max的值，根据采购要求、性价比和可靠性等因素选择合适的功率开关管，确定单个功率开关管的最大输出电流值，然后根据上式计算并向上取整得到j。然后，把电机绕组拆分成j个并联的多相绕组时，如果电机绕组不是并绕的或难以直接拆分时，可以利用等效原理重新设计绕组，把绕组的并绕根数确定为j或j的整数倍。
当然，也可以不根据I 1来确定j，而是直接设定j，然后再来选择合适的功率开关管和拆分绕组导线，只要保证导线拆分后电机的性能不变且单个桥臂能够 稳定提供多相绕组的线电流即可。
对于逆变器来说，任意一个逆变桥臂的输出电流仅仅与其相连接的多相绕组有关系，与其他的多相绕组及其对应的逆变桥臂输出电流没有任何电的耦合联系。因此，消除了大电流系统中功率开关管并联均流的问题。即使某一相的所有逆变桥臂的功率开关管存在开关特性不一致的情况，导致每个多相绕组所产生的力矩在正向导通过程和关断过程这两个瞬间内的大小不一致，但是由于开关管正向导通和关断过程的时间非常短，一般都是纳秒级的，而电机及其负载又是一个相对很大的惯性物体，这个力矩不一致的影响微乎其微，完全可以忽略不计。
实施例二的作用与效果
根据本实施例二提供的电动驱动装置、电动设备、逆变器以及多相交流电机，由于多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，使得每个多相绕组由对应的逆变单元单独驱动，任意两个多相绕组或者任意两个逆变单元均是互不干扰的，进而使得多相交流电机和逆变器的电流可以根据需要任意增大，不仅保留原来逆变器的成熟控制算法和交流电机的成熟技术，而且降低了对半导体开关元件性能一致性的要求，使用普通的半导体开关元件即可满足要求，避免了从大量的半导体开关元件中精挑细选一致性高的开关元件所带来的大量人力和财力的耗费。
根据本实施例二提供的电动驱动装置以及电动设备，由于多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，逆变器具有与j个多相绕组一一对应连接的j个相互独立的逆变单元，每个逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的多相绕组提供k路线电流，直流电源具有j个相互独立的电池单元并分别对应连接j个逆变单元，驱动器具有j个相互独立的驱动单元，分别与j个逆变单元相连接，所以电池组的电池单体不需要采用并联技术，仅仅采用串联技术构成电池单元，即可消除了电池单体并联后产生的电池均衡问题。在供电方面，由多个相对小容量的电池单元代替了单个的大容量串并联电池组，在电池单体数量相同的情况下，减小了电池由于并联引起的整体性能衰减，提高了能量密度、功率、性能、耐久性和安全性，可以为电动设备的续航和性能提供更好的保障。
而且，相对于单个串并联电池组的输出电流，多个电池单元的输出电流较小，所以，电池单元与逆变单元之间的连接线、连接线与电池单元的接头、连接线与逆变单元的接头对电阻和绝缘的要求较低。所以不仅降低了生产的难度和成本，还有助于提高系统的可靠性和安全性。
不仅如此，本实施例二的电驱动装置的实现，有助于打破国外对于大电流 驱动装置的垄断和封锁，促进电动设备的发展和壮大，使得该电驱动装置不仅能够取代污染大、启动速度慢和能源利用率低的燃油发动机而应用于目前无法采用电动机的重型机车上，如叉车、卡车、推土机、挖土机等重型机车等，还能够应用于军事上需要更大电流的电动战车、电动飞行器、电动军舰和电驱动航空母舰上，实现了低压大电流的电驱动装置的国产化。而且与燃油驱动装置相比较，系统性能更加优越，可靠性更高，容错能力更强。
综上，本实施例二的电动驱动装置具有结构设计简单、合理，成本低，发热量小，工作性能稳定、安全可靠，使用寿命长等优点。
在上述实施例中，三相绕组呈三角形联结，三个逆变桥臂分别与对应的三相绕组的三个首尾接点连接，从而提供线电流。作为本发明的电动驱动装置，三相绕组还可以呈星形联结，此时三个逆变桥臂分别与对应的三相绕组的三个端点连接，从而提供线电流。
在上述实施例中，均以三相电机为例对本发明进行了详细阐述，但作为本发明的电动驱动装置，多相交流电机不限于三相交流电机，还可以是其他相数的电机。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种电动驱动装置，设置在电动设备中，用于驱动所述电动设备，包括：
    多相交流电机，其相数为k，具有额定线电压以及额定线电流；
    直流电源，具有与所述额定线电压相对应的恒定电压的电源，用于提供与所述额定线电流相对应的直流电；
    逆变器，根据控制信号将所述直流电转换为交流电并提供给所述多相交流电机，
    其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，
    所述逆变器具有与所述j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，
    每个所述逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的所述多相绕组提供k路线电流，
    所述k为大于2的正整数，所述j为大于1的正整数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，每个所述逆变桥臂含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元，
    所述上桥臂功率开关单元和所述下桥臂功率开关单元具有相同的预定最大输出电流，
    所述电动驱动装置还包括：
    控制器，根据所述上桥臂功率开关单元和所述下桥臂功率开关单元的预定工作周期、以及根据与所述上桥臂功率开关单元或者所述下桥臂功率开关单元在相应的工作时间内的输出电压或正向导通电流相对应的驱动信号，向所述逆变器提供所述控制信号。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，当所述上桥臂功率开关单元以及所述下桥臂功率开关单元的最大输出电流为I 1，所述多相交流电机的最大线电流为I max时，
    所述多相绕组的个数j满足下述条件：
    j＞I max÷I 1。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述直流电源包含一个或j个相互独立的直流单元，
    直流单元为电池组或交流电源经整流滤波后得到的整流单元，
    j个相互独立的直流单元与j个逆变单元一一对应连接。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相绕组呈环形联结，多个所述逆变桥臂分别与对应的多相绕组的多个首尾接点连接，从而提供线电流。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相绕组呈星形联结，
    桥臂数等于多相绕组相数的所述逆变桥臂分别与对应的所述多相绕组的多个端点连接，从而提供所述线电流。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相绕组独立安装在一个电枢或多个电枢上，
    所述电枢为所述多相交流电机的定子或转子，
    所述多相交流电机为异步电机、同步电机、开关磁阻电机以及无刷直流电机中的任意一种，
    所述上桥臂功率开关单元或所述下桥臂功率开关单元中的功率开关元件为半控型或全控型器件，所述半控型器件为普通晶闸管，所述全控型器件为电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管以及电力双极型晶体管中的任意一种。
  8. 一种逆变器，与相数为k具有额定线电压以及额定线电流并且含有j个相互独立的多相绕组的多相交流电机、以及具有恒定电压并且用于提供与所述额定线电流相对应的直流电的直流电源分别相连接，用于根据控制信号将所述直流电转换为交流电并提供给所述多相交流电机，其特征在于，包括：
    与所述j个多相绕组分别相对应的j个逆变单元，
    其中，每个所述逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂，从而向对应的所述多相绕组提供k路线电流，
    所述k为2以上的正整数，所述j为1以上的正整数。
  9. 一种相数为k具有额定线电压以及额定线电流的多相交流电机，与具有j个逆变单元并且根据控制信号通过所述j个逆变单元将来自于具有恒定电压的直流电源输出的直流电转换为交流电的逆变器相连接，其特征在于，具有：
    j个相互独立的多相绕组，
    其中，所述j个多相绕组分别与所述j个逆变单元相对应，每个所述多相绕组接收每个所述逆变单元中的k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂提供的k路线电流，
    所述k为2以上的正整数，所述j为1以上的正整数。
  10. 一种电动设备，其特征在于，包括：
    电动驱动装置，
    其中，所述电动驱动装置为权利要求1～7中任一项所述的电动驱动装置。
  11. 一种电动驱动装置，设置在电动设备中，用于驱动所述电动设备，包括：
    多相交流电机，其相数为k，具有额定线电压以及额定线电流，用于输出驱动电动设备的预定输出值；
    直流电源，用于提供直流电；
    控制器，接收与多相交流电机输出预定输出值对应的指令信号，并根据指令信号计算并输出控制信号；
    驱动器，根据所述控制信号产生驱动信号；
    逆变器，在所述驱动信号的作用下将所述直流电转换为交流电并提供给所述多相交流电机，
    其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相交流电机具有j个相互独立的多相绕组，
    所述逆变器具有与所述j个多相绕组一一对应连接的j个相互独立的逆变单 元，
    每个所述逆变单元具有k个相互并列连接的逆变桥臂向对应的所述多相绕组提供k路线电流，
    所述直流电源具有j个相互独立的电池单元或整流单元，分别对应连接j个逆变单元，
    所述驱动器具有j个相互独立的驱动单元，分别与j个逆变单元相连接，
    所述k为大于2的正整数，所述j为大于1的正整数。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述电池单元是由一个电池单体构成、或是由至少两个电池单体串联而成、或是由多个电池单体串并联而成。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述多相交流电机为异步电机、同步电机、开关磁阻电机以及无刷直流电机中的任意一种，
    所述多相绕组在电枢上是对称分布的，
    所述多相绕组的联结方式是星形联结或环形联结，
    所述多相交流电机绕组的并绕根数能被所述多相绕组的个数j整除。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，每个所述逆变桥臂含有相互串联连接的上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元，
    所述上桥臂功率开关单元以及下桥臂功率开关单元包含一个功率开关管、或是包含多个并联的功率开关管。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于：
    其中，所述逆变单元是由单个智能功率模块构成的或是多个功率开关管组合构成的，
    所述功率开关管为普通晶闸管、电力场效应晶体管、门极可关断晶闸管、集 成门极换流晶闸管、绝缘栅双极型晶体管、电力双极型晶体管和门极换流晶闸管中的任意一种。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    输出传感器，
    其中，所述输出传感器检测所述多相交流电机输出的预定输出值，并发送对应的输出反馈信号，
    所述控制器在根据指令信号的同时，还根据所述输出反馈信号计算并输出控制信号。
  17. 根据权利要求11所述的电动驱动装置，其特征在于，还包括：
    内环传感部，
    其中，所述内环传感部检测多相交流电机的物理参数，并发送对应的内环反馈信号；
    所述控制器在根据指令信号和输出反馈信号的同时，还根据所述内环反馈信号计算并输出控制信号，
    该物理参数为线电压、线电流、转速以及转矩中的至少一种。
  18. 一种电动设备，其特征在于，包括：
    电动驱动装置，
    其中，所述电动驱动装置为权利要求11～17中任一项所述的电动驱动装置。
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CN110247608A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-17 诺丁汉(余姚)智能电气化研究院有限公司 电机的控制系统
CN110450645A (zh) * 2019-09-10 2019-11-15 长沙牛米驱动科技有限公司 一种电动汽车驱动系统和电动汽车
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CN112187020A (zh) * 2020-09-27 2021-01-05 申彦峰 开关半导体器件并联电路及其控制方法
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CN114204878B (zh) * 2021-12-16 2024-01-02 河北工业大学 一种开关磁阻电机多模式驱动控制系统及控制方法
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