WO2018107920A1 - 一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法 - Google Patents

一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法 Download PDF

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WO2018107920A1
WO2018107920A1 PCT/CN2017/109610 CN2017109610W WO2018107920A1 WO 2018107920 A1 WO2018107920 A1 WO 2018107920A1 CN 2017109610 W CN2017109610 W CN 2017109610W WO 2018107920 A1 WO2018107920 A1 WO 2018107920A1
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electrodes
wetland
electrode
apparent resistivity
area
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张建
刘华清
胡振
张成禄
范金林
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Shandong University
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Shandong University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/048—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance for determining moisture content of the material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V3/00—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation
    • G01V3/02—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current
    • G01V3/06—Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation operating with propagation of electric current using AC
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05—Conductivity or salinity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/42—Liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
    • G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
    • G01N27/043—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a granular material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for detecting blockage of a submerged artificial wetland, and belongs to the technical field of ecological environmental protection.
  • constructed wetland system has the advantages of low construction and operation cost, convenient operation, strong processing capacity and consideration of landscape ecological benefits in the advanced treatment of sewage.
  • Constructed wetland sewage treatment is carried out under the combined action of microbial degradation, plant absorption and filler adsorption.
  • the water flow mode and structural characteristics of the subsurface flow constructed wetland improve the microbial wastewater purification ability, and can reduce the impact of seasonal changes and the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. Therefore, its application is more and more extensive, but the subsurface flow constructed wetland The problem of blockage of the packing has seriously affected the sustainable operation of the system.
  • the methods for predicting the blockage of constructed wetlands include observation methods, sampling methods for plugging substances, permeability coefficient determination methods, and tracer determination methods. These methods have great defects in the process of popularization and application, among which the observation method has serious hysteresis; the sampling method of plugging substances has strong destructive effect on wetland bed; the permeability coefficient method is limited to the determination of a certain point, and the operation It is relatively complicated; the tracer method can only evaluate the wetland as a whole, which takes a long time and causes secondary pollution.
  • the use of resistivity difference is used for the positioning of the constructed wetland blockage, and the research of the present invention finds that there is no significant difference in the resistivity between the blocked and unblocked regions when the underflow wetland is in a water saturated state, and the sediment in the wetland bed is measured under the saturated state of the water body.
  • the apparent resistivities of the mass ratios of 0, 10%, 20%, and 30% were 26.68 ohm ⁇ m, 28.69 ohm ⁇ m, 29.67 ohm ⁇ m, and 28.52 ohm ⁇ m, respectively, so that the difference in resistivity was directly caused by the clogging. Positioning, the accuracy of this method cannot be guaranteed during implementation.
  • the plugged sediment contains a large amount of clay components and a developed capillary structure, so it has the characteristics of strong water holding capacity.
  • the invention discloses a method for detecting the blockage of a submerged artificial wetland, firstly draining the submerged artificial wetland water body, and then measuring the apparent resistivity of the submerged artificial wetland bed after the water body is emptied, and the blocked sediment holding water in the blocked area after the emptying
  • the ability is strong, and then the apparent resistivity of this area is lower than that of the unblocked area, so that the occlusion area can be positioned and analyzed; the more severe the clogging area, the lower the apparent resistivity, thereby enabling quantitative analysis of the clogging degree. .
  • the detection method of the invention is applicable to horizontal subsurface flow constructed artificial wetlands and vertical submerged flow constructed wetlands.
  • the submerged artificial wetland drainage system or the water level control system is in normal operation, and the submerged artificial wetland drainage system is used for water body emptying.
  • the water level of the constructed wetland is 0, it indicates that the water body has been emptied.
  • the mixing and particle size distribution of the filler in the submerged artificial wetland bed are uniform, the uneven filler is easy to cause the quantitative analysis error of the clogging degree, the soil layer is not covered on the filler layer, and the apparent resistivity of the wet soil after the emptying is low. Therefore, if there is soil cover, it is easy to cause deviation in measurement results.
  • the apparent resistivity of the constructed wetland bed is measured within 24 hours after evacuation, and it is found that the apparent resistivity exhibited by the unblocked area and the blocked plugs of various degrees with the delay of the time after evacuation There is a gradual increase trend, and the water content of the plugging fillers of various degrees is lowered. When the temperature exceeds 24 hours, the lighter blocking area cannot be clearly distinguished.
  • the detecting method is carried out after harvesting the surface of the submerged wetland in autumn and winter, and the harvesting of the autumn and winter plants is a common method for controlling the blockage of the wetland. At this time, the detection can facilitate the implementation of the measurement scheme and reduce the impact on the system.
  • the apparent resistivity measurement is selected by the Winner method.
  • the specific method is as follows: the surface of the submerged flow artificial wetland filler is uniformly arranged along the water flow direction or perpendicular to the water flow direction, the electrode has a diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm, the depth of the electrode insertion filler layer is 10 cm to 20 cm, and the electrode spacing is 40 to 100 cm. The distance between the adjacent electrodes is the same, both are L. It is verified by experiments that the measurement results can be accurate and reliable within the range of parameters, and the measurement workload is low.
  • any four adjacent electrodes may constitute a measuring electrode and a power supply electrode system, and are measured along the electrode arrangement direction, and the apparent resistivity ⁇ x between the adjacent electrodes in the electrode arrangement direction is obtained.
  • electrode groups are arranged in parallel with the electrode routing direction, and the spacing between the adjacent two groups of electrodes is 40cm ⁇ 100cm.
  • the apparent resistivity of the blocked area is lower than that of the unblocked area. According to this feature, the positioning analysis is carried out; the more the area of the blockage is, the lower the apparent resistivity is, and the quantitative analysis is performed according to this feature.
  • a single set of electrode measurement can be used to obtain the blockage information of the submerged wetland in the layout direction of the electrode group, and the method is used to measure the parallel electrode group to determine the distribution of the blocked area in the entire wetland bed.
  • the invention selects and utilizes the apparent resistivity measurement after the water body of the submerged wetland is drained, and the water holding capacity of the deposit in the plugged area after the emptying is strong, and the apparent resistivity is lower in the region, and the apparent resistivity is relatively high in the region where the blockage is more serious.
  • the invention has higher discriminating ability for the clogging area with a lower degree of clogging, so it has wide applicability and high practical value; the invention can also be used for long-term monitoring of clogging changes in wetland beds; this method provides clogging of a non-destructive matrix
  • the positioning quantitative detection method is simple in operation, low in cost and low in time consumption.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for detecting a blockage of a submerged artificial wetland according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing the apparent resistivity of a filler with time of different clogging after emptying according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a view showing the apparent resistivity distribution of different regions of the underflow wetland where clogging occurs according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-1 is the unblocked area
  • 1-2 is the blocked area
  • 1-3 is the electrode
  • 1-4 is the AC power source
  • 1-5 is the ammeter
  • 1-6 is the voltmeter
  • 2-1 is the unblocked packing
  • Corresponding apparent resistivity curve 2-2 is the apparent resistivity curve of the filler with a specific gravity of 2%
  • 2-3 is the apparent resistivity curve of the filler with a specific gravity of 5%
  • 2-4 is the deposition.
  • 2-5 is the apparent resistivity curve of the filler with a specific gravity of 15%
  • 2-6 is the apparent resistivity of the filler with a specific gravity of 20%.
  • Curves, 2-7 are the apparent resistivity curves of the filler with a specific gravity of 30%; 3-1 is the plugged area with a sediment specific gravity of 15%, and 3-2 is the blocked area with a sediment specific gravity of 10%, 3 -3 unblocked area, 3-4 is a blocked area with a sediment specific gravity of 25%, 3-5 is an electrode for laying, and 3-6 is an apparent resistivity value of the corresponding position.
  • the invention discloses a method for detecting the blockage of submerged artificial wetland, which is mainly applied to the detection of blockage of submerged artificial wetland, and the mixing and particle size distribution of the filler in the submerged artificial wetland bed are uniform, and the soil layer is not covered on the filler layer.
  • the surface of the submerged artificial wetland filler is evenly arranged along the direction of the water flow or perpendicular to the direction of the water flow.
  • the electrode has a diameter of 1 cm to 2 cm, the depth of the electrode insertion filler layer is 10 cm to 20 cm, the electrode spacing is 40 to 100 cm, and the distance between adjacent electrodes is The same, all are L.
  • the adjacent two electrodes M and N are measuring electrodes, the measuring electrode is connected to the voltage meter, the electrodes A and B on both sides of the measuring electrode are the power supply electrodes, the power supply electrode is connected to the alternating current power source and the ammeter, and the alternating voltage between the electrodes A and B is 12V to 36V.
  • the resistance between the electrodes of M and N is calculated as R x
  • Any four adjacent electrodes can constitute a measuring electrode and a power supply electrode system, and are measured along the electrode arrangement direction, and the apparent resistivity ⁇ x between the adjacent electrodes in the electrode arrangement direction is obtained.
  • the other electrode groups are arranged in parallel with the electrode routing direction, and the distance between the adjacent two groups of electrodes is 40 cm to 100 cm.
  • the subsurface wetland drainage system or the water level control system is operating normally.
  • the apparent resistivity of the wetland bed is measured after the water body is drained in the submerged wetland, and the measurement is completed within 24 hours after the evacuation.
  • the implementation of this measurement method is carried out after harvesting of plants on the surface of the subsurface wetland in autumn and winter. After the water in the submerged wetland is empty, the apparent resistivity of the blocked area is lower than that of the unblocked area. According to this feature, the positioning analysis is carried out; the more the area of the blockage is, the lower the apparent resistivity is, and the quantitative analysis is performed according to this feature.
  • a single set of electrode measurement can be used to obtain the blockage information of the submerged wetland in the layout direction of the electrode group, and the method is used to measure the parallel electrode group to determine the distribution of the blocked area in the entire wetland bed.
  • the present invention performs positioning analysis according to the apparent resistivity of the unblocked area 1-1 after the empty body of the submerged wetland water is higher than the blocked area 1-2; the more apparent the lower the degree of clogging, the lower the apparent resistivity.
  • Features are quantitatively analyzed. The following are two specific implementations under this principle.
  • the apparent resistivity of the filler varies with time after the water body is emptied.
  • the artificial wetland of this embodiment adopts an artificially constructed submerged artificial wetland model with different degrees of blockage, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the apparent resistivity of the fillers is measured by the Winner method, and the electrodes 1-3 are made of copper having a diameter of 1.5 cm. Rod, electrode 1-3 is 20cm long, the insertion depth is 15cm, the distance between adjacent electrodes 1-3 is 40cm, the adjacent two electrodes M, N are measuring electrodes, measuring electrode connection voltage table 1-6, measuring electrode two
  • the two electrodes A and B on the side are power supply electrodes, and the power supply electrodes are connected to the AC power source 1-4 and the ammeters 1-5.
  • the apparent resistivity measurement is started.
  • the alternating voltage between the electrodes A and B is 24V.
  • the values shown in ammeters 1-5 and voltmeters 1-6 are read, and the electrodes M and N are calculated.
  • the resistance between them is R x
  • the apparent resistivity of the filler with different clogging degree can be obtained as a function of time.
  • the apparent specific gravity of the plugged sediment is from 0% to 30%, and the apparent resistivity curves 2-1 to 2-7 are on the y-axis.
  • the coordinates are arranged in order, the more serious the clogging degree is, the lower the apparent resistivity is, and the change relationship is related to the type of filler, the concentration of ions in the water body, and the external environment.
  • various levels of plugged fillers are exhibited.
  • the apparent resistivity has a gradual increase trend, but the apparent resistivity of the filler has no intersection point. Based on this result, a quantitative model of apparent resistivity and clogging degree, namely the ARVO model, is established. The details are as follows:
  • the artificial wetland of this embodiment adopts an artificially constructed submerged artificial wetland model with different degrees of blockage, as shown in FIG. 3, the front end of the submerged artificial wetland bed has a sediment specific gravity of 15% blocking area 3-1, and then the sediment specific gravity is 10 % blocked area 3-2, followed by unblocked area 3-3, this phenomenon is the blockage caused by the sedimentation of particulate matter at the inlet of the subsurface wetland; in the middle of the unblocked area is the blocked area of the deposit with a specific gravity of 25% 3-4 This blockage is blocked by an area formed by uneven water flow in the submerged wetland.
  • the apparent resistivity measured by the blocked regions 3-1, 3-2 and 3-4 is relatively low, and is not blocked.
  • the difference of the area 3-3 is significant, so that the position of the blockage generation area can be clearly distinguished, and the apparent resistivity result measured by the blockage area 3-1 is lower than the result measured by the blockage area 3-2, indicating the degree of blockage of the blockage area 3-1. It is more serious than the clogging area 3-2, and the quantitative analysis of the clogging degree can be realized.
  • the viscous conductivity measurement result of the most clogging area 3-4 is larger than the result of the area 3-1.
  • the cause of this phenomenon may be the measurement electrode layout position. At the intersection of zone 3-4 and zone 3-3, a certain error is caused. Since the degree of blockage of the real large-scale subsurface wetland matrix is gradually changed, the degree of blockage in adjacent areas is not particularly different, so this phenomenon can be avoided in large-scale subsurface flow constructed wetlands.
  • the occlusion degree of each position of the underflow wetland is calculated, and the relative error between the result and the true value is less than 9%, which effectively realizes the quantitative detection of the clogging degree.

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Abstract

一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法，主要应用于潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测。基于潜流湿地堵塞区域（1-2）所含沉积物会导致其持水能力增强的特点，利用潜流湿地排空水分后，湿地床含水率随着堵塞程度增加而增加，进而造成湿地床视电阻率随着堵塞程度增加而降低的特点，采用温纳法电阻率测量技术，测量并计算出测定区域的视电阻率，并根据视电阻率大小定位堵塞区域（1-2）以及判断堵塞程度。采用这一探测方法可以准确定位堵塞区域（1-2），并能判断出堵塞区域（1-2）的相对堵塞程度，对潜流人工湿地的可持续运行提供了技术支撑，具有精确度高、破坏性小、操作简单、实施成本低等优点。

Description

一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法，属于生态环境保护技术领域。
背景技术
人工湿地系统应用在污水深度处理中具有建设和运行费用低、操作方便、处理能力强以及兼顾景观生态效益等优点。人工湿地污水处理是在微生物降解、植物吸收、填料吸附等共同作用下完成的。相比表流湿地，潜流人工湿地的水流方式和结构特点提高了微生物污水净化能力，并能减少季节变化带来的影响以及蚊蝇滋生的问题，因此其应用越来越广泛，但是潜流人工湿地填料堵塞问题严重影响了系统的可持续运行。
此前，人们对人工湿地堵塞的预判方法有观察法、堵塞物质取样测定法、渗透系数测定法、示踪剂测定法等。这些方法在推广应用过程中都存在很大的缺陷，其中观察法具有严重的滞后性；堵塞物质取样测定法对湿地床有较强的破坏性；渗透系数法仅限于某点的测定，且操作相对复杂；示踪剂法只能对湿地进行整体评价，耗时较长且会产生二次污染。
近几年有研究利用电阻率差异进行人工湿地堵塞定位，此方法是以堵塞区域及未堵塞区域电阻率差异为基础，此前研究是在湿地运行时直接进行电阻率测量，一般认为：人工湿地的堵塞区域表现为相对高电阻率特征，未堵塞区域表现为相对低电阻率特征。由于堵塞物质通常含有90％以上的水分，因此堵塞和未堵塞区域的电阻率差异显著性有待进一步评价。
当前人们对人工湿地堵塞的研究还在不断完善中，其中潜流湿地堵塞区域的定位以及堵塞程度的判定至关重要，这些基础信息的掌握可以为预防区域堵塞恶化以及治理区域堵塞提供有力的技术保障。
发明内容
针对现有技术中利用电阻率差异进行人工湿地堵塞定位，而本发明研究发现潜流湿地处于水饱和状态时其堵塞和未堵塞区域电阻率无明显差异，在水体饱和状态下测量湿地床中沉积物质量比为0、10％、20％和30％的基质视电阻率分别为26.68ohm·m、28.69ohm·m、29.67ohm·m和28.52ohm·m，因此依据堵塞直接造成电阻率的差异进行定位，在具体实施时此方法的准确度不能得到保证。
相比湿地填料，堵塞沉积物含有大量粘粒成分和发达的毛细结构，因此有持水能力强的特征，水含量越高其电阻率相对越低，因此在湿地床水体排空后，堵塞区域表现出视电阻率低的特性，并且随着沉积物累积增加，其视电阻率逐渐降低，根据这些特点可对湿地堵塞进行定位和定量分析。经调研，依据此原理进行潜流湿地堵塞的定位及定量测定还未 有报道。
根据现有技术中的不足和本发明的研究发现，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法，首先将潜流人工湿地水体排空，然后对水体排空后的潜流人工湿地床体进行视电阻率测量，排空后堵塞区域中所含堵塞沉积物持水能力强，进而测得此区域视电阻率低于未堵塞区域，由此能够对堵塞区域进行定位分析；堵塞程度越严重的区域其视电阻率相对越低，由此能够对堵塞程度进行定量分析。
本发明所述探测方法适用于水平潜流人工湿地和垂直潜流人工湿地。
优选的，潜流人工湿地排水系统或水位控制系统运行正常，采用潜流人工湿地排水系统进行水体排空，当人工湿地的水位显示为0，则表明水体已排空。
优选的，所述潜流人工湿地床体内填料的种类混合与粒径分布均匀，不均匀的填料易引起堵塞程度定量分析误差，填料层上无土壤覆盖表层，排空后潮湿土壤视电阻率较低，因此若有土层覆盖，易造成测定结果偏差。
优选的，人工湿地床体视电阻率的测量在排空后24小时内完成测量，研究发现，随着排空后时间的推迟，未堵塞区域以及各个程度的堵塞填料所表现出的视电阻率具有逐渐增加的趋势，各个程度的堵塞填料的含水量降低，当超过24h后，无法明显区分较轻程度的堵塞区域。
优选的，所述探测方法在秋冬季潜流湿地表面植物收割后进行，秋冬季植物收割是常用湿地堵塞的防治方法，此时进行探测可以方便测定方案的实施，并减少对系统的影响。
优选的，视电阻率测量选用温纳法。具体方法如下：潜流人工湿地填料表层沿水流方向或沿垂直于水流方向均匀布设电极，电极直径为1cm～2cm的金属棒，电极插入填料层深度为10cm～20cm，电极间距为40～100cm，相邻电极间距离相同，皆为L，经试验验证，在此参数范围内可以保证测量结果准确可靠，且测定工作量低。
进一步的，相邻两电极M、N为测量电极，测量电极连接电压表，测量电极两侧电极A、B为供电电极，供电电极连接交流电源和电流表，A、B两电极间施加交流电压为12V～36V，在此范围内测定结果较稳定，且在安全电压以内，对系统的水处理能力影响较小，根据欧姆定律计算出M、N两电极间的电阻为Rx，M与N电极间基质的视电阻率ρx＝2πL Rx。
进一步的，任意相邻四个电极皆可组成测量电极和供电电极系统，沿电极布置方向测量，得出电极布置方向相邻各个电极间的视电阻率ρx。
进一步的，在平行于电极布设方向布设其它电极组，相邻两组电极的间距为 40cm～100cm。
潜流湿地水体排空后堵塞区域视电阻率低于未堵塞区域，根据此特征进行定位分析；堵塞程度越严重的区域视电阻率相对越低，根据此特征进行定量分析。
按照以上方式进行单组电极测量，即可得到潜流湿地在此电极组布设方向剖面的堵塞信息，利用此方法在平行电极组进行测量，以确定整个湿地床体内堵塞区域的分布。
上述技术方案具有如下有益效果：
本发明选择利用在潜流湿地水体排空后进行视电阻率测量，排空后堵塞区域中沉积物持水能力强，进而此区域视电阻率较低，并且堵塞越严重的区域其视电阻率相对越低，因此本方法不仅可以有效的对堵塞区域进行定位分析，还可以对堵塞程度进行定量分析；采用了温纳法测量电阻，不仅结果准确可靠，还便于计算，方便后续的数据分析；本发明对堵塞程度较低的堵塞区域有更高的区分能力，因此其使用性广泛，实用价值高；本发明还可以用于湿地床堵塞变化的长期监测；此方法提供了一种无损基质的堵塞定位定量探测方法，操作简单，成本低廉，耗时较低。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法探测示意图。
图2为本发明实施例1排空后不同堵塞程度填料视电阻率随时间变化曲线图。
图3为本发明实施例2发生堵塞的潜流湿地不同区域视电阻率分布图。
其中，1-1为未堵塞区域，1-2为堵塞区域，1-3为电极，1-4为交流电源，1-5为电流表，1-6为电压表；2-1为未堵塞填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-2为沉积物比重为2％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-3为沉积物比重为5％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-4为沉积物比重为10％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-5为沉积物比重为15％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-6为沉积物比重为20％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线，2-7为沉积物比重为30％的填料对应的视电阻率曲线；3-1为沉积物比重为15％的堵塞区域，3-2为沉积物比重为10％的堵塞区域，3-3未堵塞区域，3-4为沉积物比重为25％的堵塞区域，3-5为布设电极，3-6为对应位置的视电阻率值。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步说明。
一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法，主要应用于潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测，潜流人工湿地床体内填料的种类混合与粒径分布均匀，填料层上无土壤覆盖表层。潜流人工湿地填料表层沿水流方向或沿垂直于水流方向均匀布设电极，电极直径为1cm～2cm的金属棒，电极插入填料层深度为10cm～20cm，电极间距为40～100cm，相邻电极间距离相同，皆为L。 相邻两电极M、N为测量电极，测量电极连接电压表，测量电极两侧电极A、B为供电电极，供电电极连接交流电源和电流表，A、B两电极间施加交流电压为12V～36V，根据欧姆定律计算出M、N两电极间的电阻为Rx，M与N电极间基质的视电阻率ρx＝2πLRx。任意相邻四个电极皆可组成测量电极和供电电极系统，沿电极布置方向测量，得出电极布置方向相邻各个电极间的视电阻率ρx。在平行于电极布设方向布设其它电极组，相邻两组电极的间距为40cm～100cm。潜流湿地排水系统或水位控制系统运行正常，湿地床体视电阻率的测量要在潜流湿地中水体排空后进行，且在排空后24小时内完成测量。此测量方法的实施在秋冬季潜流湿地表面植物收割后进行。潜流湿地水体排空后堵塞区域视电阻率低于未堵塞区域，根据此特征进行定位分析；堵塞程度越严重的区域视电阻率相对越低，根据此特征进行定量分析。
按照以上方式进行单组电极测量，即可得到潜流湿地在此电极组布设方向剖面的堵塞信息，利用此方法在平行电极组进行测量，以确定整个湿地床体内堵塞区域的分布。
如图1所示，本发明根据潜流湿地水体排空后未堵塞区域1-1视电阻率高于堵塞区域1-2进行定位分析；堵塞程度越严重的区域视电阻率相对越低，根据此特征进行定量分析。下面是该原理下的两个具体实施方案。
实施例1：
水体排空后不同堵塞程度填料视电阻率随时间变化规律。
该实施例的人工湿地采用人工制作的不同程度堵塞的潜流人工湿地模型，如图1所示，不同堵塞程度填料视电阻率的测定采用温纳法，电极1-3使用直径为1.5cm的铜棒，电极1-3长20cm，插入填料深度为15cm，相邻电极1-3间距离皆为40cm，相邻两电极M、N为测量电极，测量电极连接电压表1-6，测量电极两侧两电极A、B为供电电极，供电电极连接交流电源1-4和电流表1-5。
湿地床体内水体排空后开始进行视电阻率测量，测量时A、B电极间间施加交流电压为24V，同时读电流表1-5和电压表1-6所显示数值，计算M、N两电极间的电阻为Rx，M与N电极间基质的视电阻率ρx＝0.8πRx。
从图2的水体排空后不同堵塞程度填料视电阻率随时间变化曲线可以得出，堵塞沉积物比重从0％-30％所对应的视电阻率曲线2-1至2-7在y轴坐标上依次排列，堵塞程度越严重，其视电阻率越低，其变化关系与填料类型、水体中离子浓度、外界环境有关，随着排空后时间的推迟，各个程度的堵塞填料所表现出的视电阻率有逐渐增加的趋势，但不同堵塞程度填料的视电阻率无交点，基于此结果建立了视电阻率和堵塞程度的量化模型，即ARVO模型，详情如下：
Figure PCTCN2017109610-appb-000001
a(t)＝9.24×10-7t2-8.73×10-4t+1.32
b(t)＝-2.24×10-4t2+2.04×10-1t+1.54×102
c(t)＝1.08×10-5t+2.91×10-2
其中
Figure PCTCN2017109610-appb-000002
是堵塞物质所占孔隙体积比；ρ是视电阻率(Ω·m)；t是排空后探测时间(min)；a(t),b(t)和c(t)一级动力学系数t。
实施例2：
发生堵塞的潜流湿地不同区域视电阻率分布。
该实施例的人工湿地采用人工制作的不同程度堵塞的潜流人工湿地模型，如图3所示，潜流人工湿地床前端为沉积物比重为15％堵塞区域3-1，之后是沉积物比重为10％的堵塞区域3-2，再之后是未堵塞区域3-3，此种现象为潜流湿地进水口颗粒物沉降造成的堵塞；在未堵塞区域中间为沉积物比重为25％的堵塞区域3-4，此种堵塞为潜流湿地内部水流不均匀形成的区域堵塞。
电极3-5使用直径为1.5cm的铁棒，电极3-5插入填料深度为15cm，沿着水流方向布设，电极3-5间距为40cm，湿地床体水体排空后开始进行测量，测量时供电电极施加电压为36V，同时读电流表和电压表数值，记录，计算测量电极间的视电阻率ρx＝0.8πRx，得出其对应位置的视电阻率值3-6。
从图3中的潜流湿地床对应位置的视电阻率值3-6可以看出，堵塞区域3-1、3-2和3-4测量得出的视电阻率相对较低，且与未堵塞区域3-3差异显著，因此可以明确区分堵塞产生区域所在位置，另外堵塞区域3-1测量的视电阻率结果比堵塞区域3-2测量出的结果低，说明堵塞区域3-1的堵塞程度比堵塞区域3-2严重，可以实现堵塞程度的定量分析，而堵塞最严重的区域3-4视电阻率测定结果却大于区域3-1的结果，造成此现象的原因可能是测定电极布设位置在区域3-4和区域3-3交接处，故造成了一定的误差。由于真正的规模化潜流湿地基质堵塞程度是逐渐变化的，相邻区域堵塞程度相差不会特别大，因此在规模化潜流人工湿地中可以避免这种现象发生。
基于视电阻率值3-6和ARVO模型计算潜流湿地各位置的堵塞程度，其结果与真实值的相对误差小于9％，有效实现了堵塞程度的量化探测。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制， 其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种潜流人工湿地堵塞的探测方法，首先将潜流人工湿地水体排空，然后对水体排空后的潜流人工湿地床体进行视电阻率测量，排空后堵塞区域中所含堵塞沉积物持水能力强，进而测得此区域视电阻率低于未堵塞区域，由此能够对堵塞区域进行定位分析；堵塞程度越严重的区域其视电阻率相对越低，由此能够对堵塞程度进行定量分析。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：所述潜流人工湿地床体内填料的种类混合与粒径分布均匀，填料层上无土壤覆盖表层。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：人工湿地床体视电阻率的测量在排空后24小时内完成测量。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：所述探测方法在秋冬季潜流湿地表面植物收割后进行。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：潜流人工湿地排水系统或水位控制系统运行正常，采用潜流人工湿地排水系统进行水体排空，当人工湿地的水位显示为0，则表明水体已排空。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：视电阻率测量选用温纳法。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的探测方法，其特征是：潜流人工湿地填料表层沿水流方向或沿垂直于水流方向均匀布设电极，电极直径为1cm～2cm的金属棒，电极插入填料层深度为10cm～20cm，电极间距为40～100cm，相邻电极间距离相同，皆为L。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的探测方法，其特征是：相邻两电极M、N为测量电极，测量电极连接电压表，测量电极两侧电极A、B为供电电极，供电电极连接交流电源和电流表，A、B两电极间施加交流电压为12V～36V，根据欧姆定律计算出M、N两电极间的电阻为Rx，M与N电极间基质的视电阻率ρx＝2πLRx。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的探测方法，其特征是：任意相邻四个电极皆可组成测量电极和供电电极系统，沿电极布置方向测量，得出电极布置方向相邻各个电极间的视电阻率ρx。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的探测方法，其特征是：在平行于电极布设方向布设其它电极组，相邻两组电极的间距为40cm～100cm。
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