WO2018107806A1 - 一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统 - Google Patents

一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018107806A1
WO2018107806A1 PCT/CN2017/099426 CN2017099426W WO2018107806A1 WO 2018107806 A1 WO2018107806 A1 WO 2018107806A1 CN 2017099426 W CN2017099426 W CN 2017099426W WO 2018107806 A1 WO2018107806 A1 WO 2018107806A1
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Prior art keywords
module
compatible positioning
beidou
vehicle
board unit
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PCT/CN2017/099426
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English (en)
French (fr)
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辛伟
李成
徐宏强
徐海平
蒲强
王宇
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北京握奇智能科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018107806A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018107806A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • G01S19/421—Determining position by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different satellite radio beacon positioning systems; by combining or switching between position solutions or signals derived from different modes of operation in a single system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
    • G01C21/26—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
    • G01C21/28—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 specially adapted for navigation in a road network with correlation of data from several navigational instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/38—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system
    • G01S19/39—Determining a navigation solution using signals transmitted by a satellite radio beacon positioning system the satellite radio beacon positioning system transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/42—Determining position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/02—Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/02—Terminal devices
    • H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent transportation, and relates to an on-board unit and system with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning.
  • the ambiguous path also known as the ambiguous path, means that there are two or more driving paths between two toll stations in the toll road network.
  • the problem of ambiguity path not only brings the contradiction of the distribution of highway toll income when the settlement and settlement is settled, but also makes the rational allocation of road resources difficult.
  • Automatic identification of highway ambiguity paths include: license plate recognition technology, RFID identification technology, ETC identification station identification technology and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • the license plate recognition technology based on image recognition algorithm can use the cameras already installed on the expressway, which requires less infrastructure, but is susceptible to environmental impact, and the accuracy rate needs to be improved.
  • the RFID identification technology and the ETC identification station identification technology have the advantages of strong environmental adaptability and high reliability, but need to install a large amount of infrastructure, and the input is large but the function is relatively simple.
  • GNSS technology can provide continuous path information, effectively solve path identification problems, and The speed information of the vehicle is convenient for discovering the overspeed and abnormal parking of the vehicle, and also dynamically monitoring the road traffic density.
  • the in-vehicle equipment based on GNSS technology has the problems of high power consumption, high cost, small added value, and unreasonable system architecture, which makes the GNSS technology solution not practical.
  • the Beidou compatible positioning chip After the operation of the Beidou second-generation navigation system, with the support of national policies, the Beidou compatible positioning chip has become increasingly mature, the performance has been greatly improved, and the power consumption and cost have also been greatly reduced, making it widely used in battery-powered vehicle-mounted units. Become a reality.
  • the Chinese invention patent application with the publication number CN104794763A discloses "a satellite-based highway ambiguous path identification pass card and an implementation method thereof".
  • the highway ambiguity path identification pass in the invention patent application includes a CPU module, a lithium battery, a power management module, a wireless charging module, a GPS/Beidou module, a dual interface CPU card, and an accelerometer detection module.
  • the transit card periodically collects the latitude and longitude coordinate values and writes into the dual interface CPU card; the vehicle arrives at the toll booth exit, and the toll collector reads the latitude and longitude coordinate values in the card and determines the vehicle travel path in combination with the entry information.
  • the problems of the pass card and the implementation method disclosed in the patent application are as follows: (1) the storage capacity of the dual interface CPU card is limited, and only the latitude and longitude coordinate values can be stored; (2) the toll collector passes the card reader at the highway exit. It takes a long time to read the latitude and longitude coordinate values stored in the CPU card, which affects the highway exit traffic efficiency. (3) It is determined by the implementation method that the vehicle travel path has hysteresis, and the delay time is also uncertain, which is not conducive to the highway. Intelligent management.
  • the Chinese Patent Application Publication No. CN101561289A discloses "identification method, system, device and path identification card for ambiguous paths".
  • the path identification card in the invention patent application includes a GPS module and a dual interface card.
  • the path identification card records the GPS information of the path, and the stored GPS information is transmitted wirelessly through the dual interface card.
  • the technology disclosed in this patent application has a certain reduction in the reliability of the path judgment, in addition to the shortcomings listed in CN104794763A, without using the entrance and exit information of the expressway.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide an on-board unit with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning, to solve the static, isolated point, lag identification, recording, providing and existing existing highway ambiguous path recognition technology. Reading information is not accurate enough and comprehensive technical issues.
  • the present invention provides an onboard unit with a dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning, and the onboard unit includes a single chip microcomputer, a wide area network module, a Beidou compatible positioning module, a dual interface card chip, and a 13.56 MHz antenna.
  • the single chip microcomputer is a core chip responsible for control, calculation and storage, and internally runs a small real-time operating system
  • the WAN module includes a mobile communication module or a wide area Internet of Things module, and is used for authentication and data communication between the onboard unit and the background service system under the control of the single chip microcomputer;
  • the Beidou compatible positioning module has an active antenna or a passive antenna, and is controlled by the single chip microcomputer to provide accurate position information and speed information of the vehicle for the single chip microcomputer;
  • the dual-interface card chip and the 13.56 MHz antenna controlled by the single-chip microcomputer realize data writing and reading functions at the highway toll entrance and exit.
  • the Beidou compatible positioning module has an active antenna, and the active antenna supports synchronous power-on or asynchronous power-on with the Beidou compatible positioning module.
  • the onboard unit further includes a wake-up circuit and a power management module.
  • the wake-up circuit utilizes the 13.56 MHz antenna to place a highway toll station
  • the wireless signal transmitted by the 13.56 MHz reader is converted into a wake-up signal that can be recognized by the single chip microcomputer and wakes up the single chip microcomputer;
  • the power management module implements conversion between the three states of sleep, standby, and operation of the onboard unit under the control of the single chip microcomputer.
  • the on-board unit when the on-board unit is in the sleep state, except for the wake-up circuit, the other components of the on-board unit are in a dormant state;
  • the single-chip microcomputer When the on-board unit is in a standby state, the single-chip microcomputer is in an operating state, and the WAN module and the Beidou compatible positioning module are in a standby state, and can be quickly warm-started;
  • the single-chip microcomputer When the on-board unit is in an operating state, the single-chip microcomputer is in an operating state, and the WAN module and the Beidou compatible positioning module are in an operating state.
  • the power management module includes a battery.
  • the power management module is further configured to convert the voltage of the battery into an operating voltage required by the onboard unit.
  • the power management module further has the functions of wired charging, wireless charging, solar charging, and/or power prompting.
  • the 13.56 MHz antenna further implements the wireless charging function in conjunction with the power management module.
  • the dual interface card chip supports the read and write operations of the 13.56 MHz non-contact interface and the read and write operations of the contact interface.
  • the dual interface card chip has a built-in security operating system, and also supports encryption and decryption operations and storage of security information.
  • the on-board unit further includes a housing on which a two-dimensional code representing a unique serial number is printed to facilitate expansion of a new application.
  • the onboard unit further includes a housing removal detecting circuit that locks the dual interface card chip and the wide area network module when the housing removal detecting circuit detects that the housing of the vehicle unit is illegally disassembled.
  • a second object of the present invention is to provide a system with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning, which solves the static, isolated point, lag identification, recording and provision of existing highway ambiguous path recognition technology. And reading information is not accurate enough with comprehensive technical issues.
  • the present invention provides a system with a dynamic path identification function based on Beidou compatible positioning, and the system with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning has the onboard unit, the station end system and the background as described above. service system,
  • the station end system is arranged in a highway entrance and exit booth, the station end system described in the highway entrance activates the onboard unit and writes the entry information into the dual interface card chip, and uploads the onboard unit status information and activation information through the system internal network.
  • the station end system described in the highway exit is used to query the ambiguous path identification result and calculate the highway toll fee;
  • the background service system has device management, data management, ambiguous path identification and real-time monitoring functions.
  • the vehicle unit has three modes of sleep, standby and normal operation to reduce the average power consumption
  • the on-board unit can communicate with the existing toll booth 13.56MHz device to read and write, reducing the cost of equipment upgrade;
  • the WAN module of the vehicle unit supports 2G/3G/4G mobile communication network or NB-IOT Internet of Things;
  • the vehicle unit integrates the Beidou compatible positioning module to accurately provide vehicle position and speed information;
  • the reporting frequency of the vehicle unit can be configured through the background or toll booth reader
  • the Beidou compatible positioning module can use a passive antenna or an active antenna
  • the active antenna and Beidou compatible positioning module support synchronous power-on or asynchronous power-on, which can reduce the average power consumption;
  • the vehicle unit has the function of ambiguous path recognition
  • the background service system can monitor the usage of the road network in real time according to the path information reported by the onboard unit;
  • the background service system can detect illegal driving, abnormal parking, etc. according to the vehicle speed information reported by the vehicle unit;
  • the vehicle unit can detect illegal intrusion
  • a two-dimensional code representing a unique serial number can be printed on the car unit housing to facilitate the expansion of new applications.
  • FIG. 1 is a composition diagram of a system with a dynamic path identification function based on Beidou compatible positioning according to a specific embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an onboard unit in a specific embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an operating state of the onboard unit of the present invention when there is no wake-up circuit
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the operating state of the onboard unit of the present invention when there is a wake-up circuit and a power management module.
  • the exemplary highway multi-segment path dynamic monitoring system with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 , and includes an on-board unit, a station-end system and a background service system, which can realize the expressway. Real-time dynamic monitoring of the vehicle's polysemous path to accurately charge highway tolls.
  • Vehicle unit The vehicle unit has Beidou satellite positioning, mobile communication, non-contact communication, security encryption, data storage and other functions. It is connected to the internal network of the system through 2G/3G/4G mobile communication network or NB-IOT Internet of Things, and uploads the vehicle unit in real time. ID information, status information, location information, etc. to the background service system.
  • Station-end system The station-end system is arranged in the highway entrance and exit booth.
  • the on-board station end system activates the on-board unit and writes the portal information to the embedded non-connected card, and uploads the on-board unit status information and activation information through the system internal network.
  • query the ambiguous path identification result and the calculation of the highway cost In the expressway exit station system, query the ambiguous path identification result and the calculation of the highway cost.
  • FIG. 2 An exemplary vehicle-mounted unit with dynamic path recognition function based on Beidou compatible positioning of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, and includes a single chip microcomputer, a wide area network module, a Beidou compatible module, a dual interface card chip, a 13.56 MHz antenna, a wake-up circuit, and a power management module. , shell removal detection circuit.
  • the microcontroller is the core chip responsible for control, operation and storage, and runs a small real-time operating system internally.
  • the WAN module includes a 2G/3G/4G mobile communication module or an NB-IOT IoT module, and a supporting USIM card or M2M card, which is used for checking between the onboard unit and the background service system under the control of the single chip microcomputer. Right and data communication.
  • the Beidou compatible module is controlled by the single-chip microcomputer and provides the precise position information and speed information of the vehicle for the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the Beidou compatible module has an active antenna, and the active antenna supports simultaneous power-on or asynchronous power-up with the Beidou compatible module to reduce the average power consumption.
  • the Beidou compatible (positioning) module refers to a module that utilizes one or more satellite signals in a satellite navigation system such as Beidou, GPS, GLONAS, Galileo, etc. to realize accurate position information and speed information output functions.
  • the dual interface card chip controlled by the single-chip microcomputer and the 13.56MHz antenna, the data writing and reading functions are realized at the entrance and exit of the highway toll station.
  • the dual interface card chip has a built-in security operating system that supports encryption and decryption operations and storage of security information.
  • the dual interface card chip supports the read and write operations of the 13.56MHz non-contact interface and the read and write operations of the 7816 interface contact interface.
  • the 13.56 MHz antenna provides an excitation signal for the wake-up circuit.
  • the wake-up circuit converts the wireless signal from the 13.56MHz reader of the highway toll station received by the 13.56MHz antenna into a wake-up signal that can be recognized by the MCU and wakes up the MCU.
  • the power management module includes a battery (a rechargeable battery with a large capacity and a low self-discharge) for converting the voltage of the battery into an operating voltage required by the vehicle unit, and also having wired charging, wireless charging, solar charging, and/or The function of the battery prompt.
  • a battery a rechargeable battery with a large capacity and a low self-discharge
  • the 13.56 MHz antenna cooperates with the power management module to implement the wireless charging function.
  • the power management module realizes the conversion between the three states of sleep, standby and operation of the vehicle-mounted unit under the control of the single-chip microcomputer.
  • the vehicle unit When the vehicle unit is in the sleep state, except for the wake-up circuit, the other components of the vehicle-mounted unit are in the off-hibernation state.
  • the single-chip microcomputer When the vehicle unit is in the stand by state, the single-chip microcomputer is in the running state, and the WAN module and the Beidou compatible module are in the standby state, and can be quickly warm-started.
  • the single-chip microcomputer When the vehicle unit is in the running state, the single-chip microcomputer is in the running state, and the WAN module and the Beidou compatible module are in the running state.
  • a two-dimensional code representing a unique serial number can be printed on the housing to facilitate the expansion of new applications.
  • the disassembly detection circuit detects that the casing of the vehicle-mounted unit is illegally disassembled, the dual interface card chip and the WAN module are locked, so as to avoid the safety risk of the ambiguous path dynamic monitoring system.
  • the functions implemented by the on-board unit include:
  • the running state of the vehicle-mounted unit is as shown in Figure 3.
  • the on-board unit positioning module is always in operation (current 30mA), and periodically transmits path information (current 100mA) to the background.
  • path information current 100mA
  • the data is uploaded once every minute, and the data transfer time is 0.2 seconds per time.
  • the on-board unit After entering the entrance of the expressway, the on-board unit is awakened from the sleep state, and is periodically switched on standby, running (positioning), and running (uploading) in three states after wake-up.
  • the on-board unit of the present invention increases the running time by 110 times when the battery is not charged.
  • the highway ambiguity path dynamic monitoring system based on the Beidou compatible positioning-based vehicle-mounted unit with dynamic path recognition function maximizes the utilization of the existing highway hardware facilities, and solves the highway area network or the whole network.
  • the highlights of other solutions are: smooth system upgrade, dynamic identification path, and good scalability.
  • the vehicle unit can report continuous trajectory information.
  • the background service system can monitor the trajectory of the vehicle and the real-time road conditions of the entire expressway in real time, avoiding the staticity caused by identifying the ambiguous path only at the exit of the highway toll station. Divergence and lag problems may arise from isolated evidence.
  • the vehicle unit provides dynamic information of various sections of the expressway, such as traffic density and speed information.
  • the highway network management system can provide travel guidance for highway travelers based on this information.
  • abnormal events such as speeding and illegal parking of the vehicle can be detected, which provides powerful support for the intelligent upgrade of the expressway.
  • the dynamic upload interval can be configured, and the typical value is uploaded once every minute.
  • the original technology can only upload data at the highway entrance and exit.
  • the dynamic uploading technology brings about an increase in power consumption.
  • the present invention adopts a Beidou compatible positioning module, and can turn off the active antenna and the baseband unit in a standby state, the ephemeris is in a saved state, and the standby state can maintain a low current (not using this)
  • the mode module consumes 30 mA) and can be started up quickly while running.
  • the invention adopts the wake-up technology to enable the device to sleep at a very low current during non-working hours (such as when not entering the highway or the billing section), and the device achieves the effect of power saving.

Abstract

一种具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统。车载单元包括单片机、广域网模块、北斗兼容定位模块、双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，单片机是负责控制、运算和存储的核心芯片；广域网模块在单片机的控制下用于在车载单元和后台服务系统之间进行鉴权和数据通信；北斗兼容定位模块受单片机控制并为单片机提供车辆的精确位置、速度信息；通过双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，在高速公路收费站出入口实现数据写入和读取功能。利用该车载单元和系统，可以解决现有的高速公路多义性路径识别技术存在的静态、孤立点、滞后识别，记录、提供和读取信息不够准确与全面的技术问题。

Description

一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统 技术领域
本发明属于智能交通技术领域，涉及一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统。
背景技术
从上世纪九十年代开始，我国进入了高速公路建设的快速发展期。至2015年底，我国高速公路通车总里程达到12.3万公里，居于世界首位。随着高速交通网络的日益完善，高速公路的发展模式将逐步从大规模基础建设转向智能化管理上来。高速公路智能化管理的支撑技术包括全国联网、动态监控和应急处理等。
由于高速公路规划的时间跨度大、区域性强，建设和运营由多个主体负责，在高速公路的联网整合时形成了大量的环网，产生了多义性路径的问题。多义性路径又称二义性路径，是指在收费公路路网内两个收费站之间存在两条或两条以上行驶路径。多义性路径问题不仅给高速公路通行费收入在分拆结算时带来利益分配的矛盾，也给道路资源的合理分配造成困难。
高速公路多义性路径自动识别技术有：车牌识别技术，RFID识别技术，ETC标识站识别技术和全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)技术。
基于图像识别算法的车牌识别技术可以利用高速公路上已经安装的摄像机，对基础建设方面要求较少，但是易受环境影响，准确率有待提高。
RFID识别技术和ETC标识站识别技术具有环境适应能力强、可靠性高的优点，但需要安装大量基础设施，投入大但功能相对单一。
GNSS技术能够提供连续的路径信息，有效的解决路径识别问题，还能提 供车辆的速度信息，便于发现车辆的超速、异常停车等情况，同时也能动态监控道路车流密度。不过此前基于GNSS技术的车载设备存在功耗大、成本高、附加价值小，系统架构不合理的问题，使得GNSS技术的方案没有走向实用化。
北斗二代导航系统运行后，在国家政策的扶持下，北斗兼容定位芯片日益成熟，性能有了较大提升，功耗和成本方面也有了大幅下降，使其大规模用在电池供电的车载单元上成为现实。
现有技术公开的高速公路多义性路径识别技术例举如下：
公开号为CN104794763A的中国发明专利申请公开了“一种基于卫星定位的高速公路多义性路径识别通行卡及实现方法”。该发明专利申请中的高速公路多义性路径识别通行卡包括CPU模块、锂电池、电源管理模块、无线充电模块、GPS/北斗模块、双界面CPU卡和加速度计检测模块。通行卡定时采集经纬度坐标值，写入双界面CPU卡中；车辆到达收费站出口，收费员读取卡内的经纬度坐标值并结合入口信息确定车辆行驶路径。该专利申请公开的通行卡及实现方法存在的问题是：(1)双界面CPU卡的存储容量有限，仅能存储较少的经纬度坐标值；(2)在高速公路出口收费员通过读卡器读取CPU卡中存储的经纬度坐标值耗时较长，影响高速公路出口通行效率；(3)通过该实现方法确定车辆行驶路径有滞后性，延时时间也是不确定的，不利于高速公路的智能化管理。
公开号为CN101561289A的中国发明专利申请公开了“多义性路径的识别方法、系统、装置及路径识别卡”。该发明专利申请中的路径识别卡包括GPS模块和双界面卡。路径识别卡记录途经路径的GPS信息，通过双界面卡的无线方式传输存储的GPS信息。该专利申请公开的技术除了有关于CN104794763A列举的缺点外，还未利用高速公路的出入口信息，路径判断的可靠性会有一定的降低。
发明内容
本发明的首要目的是提供一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，以解决现有的高速公路多义性路径识别技术存在的静态、孤立点、滞后识别，记录、提供和读取信息不够准确与全面的技术问题。
为实现此目的，本发明提供一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，所述的车载单元包括单片机、广域网模块、北斗兼容定位模块、双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，
所述的单片机是负责控制、运算和存储的核心芯片，内部运行小型实时操作系统；
所述的广域网模块包括移动通信模块或广域物联网模块，在所述的单片机的控制下用于在所述的车载单元和后台服务系统之间进行鉴权和数据通信；
所述的北斗兼容定位模块具有有源天线或无源天线，受所述的单片机控制并为所述的单片机提供车辆的精确位置信息和速度信息；
通过所述的单片机控制的所述的双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，在高速公路收费出入口实现数据的写入和读取功能。
进一步，所述的北斗兼容定位模块具有有源天线，有源天线支持与北斗兼容定位模块同步上电或者异步上电。
进一步，所述的车载单元还包括唤醒电路和电源管理模块，
所述的唤醒电路利用所述的13.56MHz天线，将高速公路收费站的 13.56MHz读写器发射的无线信号转化为所述的单片机能够识别的唤醒信号并唤醒所述的单片机；
所述的电源管理模块在所述的单片机的控制下实现所述的车载单元在休眠、待机和运行三种状态之间的转换。
更进一步，所述的车载单元在休眠状态时，除所述的唤醒电路外，所述的车载单元的其他组成部分均处于关闭休眠状态；
所述的车载单元在待机状态时，所述的单片机处于运行状态，所述的广域网模块和北斗兼容定位模块处于待机状态，能迅速热启动；
所述的车载单元在运行状态时，所述的单片机处于运行状态，所述的广域网模块和北斗兼容定位模块处于运行状态。
更进一步，所述的电源管理模块包括电池。
更进一步，所述的电源管理模块还用于将所述的电池的电压转换为所述的车载单元需要的工作电压。
更进一步，所述的电源管理模块还具有有线充电、无线充电、太阳能充电和/或电量提示的功能。
更进一步，所述的13.56MHz天线还配合所述的电源管理模块实现所述的无线充电功能。
更进一步，所述的双界面卡芯片支持13.56MHz非接触界面的读写操作和接触界面的读写操作。
更进一步，所述的双界面卡芯片内置安全操作系统，还支持加解密运算和安全信息的存储。
更进一步，所述的车载单元还包括外壳，所述的外壳上印刷代表唯一序列号的二维码，便于扩展新的应用。
更进一步，所述的车载单元还包括外壳拆卸检测电路，当所述的外壳拆卸检测电路检测到所述的车载单元的外壳非法拆卸时，将锁定所述的双界面卡芯片和广域网模块。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统，以解决现有的高速公路多义性路径识别技术存在的静态、孤立点、滞后识别，记录、提供和读取信息不够准确与全面的技术问题。
为实现此目的，本发明提供一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统，所述的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统如上所述的车载单元、站端系统和后台服务系统，
所述的站端系统布置在高速公路出入口岗亭，在高速公路入口所述的站端系统激活车载单元并写入入口信息到双界面卡芯片中，通过系统内部网络上传车载单元状态信息、激活信息，在高速公路出口所述的站端系统查询多义路径识别结果并计算高速公路通行费用；
所述的后台服务系统具有设备管理、数据管理、多义路径识别和实时监测功能。
本发明的技术效果在于，采用本发明的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统，具有如下各种有益效果：
1)车载单元有休眠、待机和正常工作三种模式，以降低平均功耗；
2)车载单元可以与现有的收费站13.56MHz设备读写进行通信，减少设备升级的成本；
3)车载单元与车辆不是唯一绑定的关系，避免引入隐私泄露问题的担忧；
4)车载单元的广域网模块支持2G/3G/4G移动通信网络或NB-IOT物联网；
5)车载单元集成北斗兼容定位模块，能够准确提供车辆位置和速度信息；
6)车载单元的上报频率可通过后台或收费站读写器配置；
7)北斗兼容定位模块可以使用无源天线或有源天线；
8)有源天线与北斗兼容定位模块支持同步上电或异步上电，能够降低平均功耗；
9)车载单元具备多义性路径识别的功能；
10)后台服务系统能够根据车载单元上报的路径信息实时监测路网的使用情况；
11)后台服务系统能够根据车载单元上报的车速信息，发现车辆非法行驶、异常停车等情况；
12)车载单元能够检测非法入侵；
13)车载单元外壳上可以印刷代表唯一序列号的二维码，便于扩展新的应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明的具体实施方式中的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统的组成图；
图2为本发明的具体实施方式中的车载单元原理框图；
图3为无唤醒电路时，本发明的车载单元的运行状态示意图；
图4为有唤醒电路和电源管理模块时，本发明的车载单元的运行状态示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式作出进一步的说明。
示例性的本发明的基于北斗兼容定位的，具有动态路径识别功能的高速公路多义路径动态监测系统如图1所示，包括车载单元、站端系统和后台服务系统三部分，可实现高速公路车辆的多义路径实时动态监测，准确进行高速公路收费。
车载单元：车载单元具有北斗卫星定位、移动通信、非接通信、安全加密、数据存储等功能，通过2G/3G/4G移动通信网络或NB-IOT物联网连入系统内部网络，实时上传车载单元ID信息、状态信息、定位信息等到后台服务系统。
站端系统：站端系统布置在高速公路出入口岗亭，在高速公路入口站端系统激活车载单元并写入入口信息到内嵌的非接卡中，通过系统内部网络上传车载单元状态信息、激活信息；在高速公路出口站端系统查询多义路径识别结果及高速公路费用的计算。
后台服务系统：具有设备管理、数据管理、多义路径识别和实时监测等功能。
示例性的本发明的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元如图2所示，包括单片机、广域网模块、北斗兼容模块、双界面卡芯片、13.56MHz天线、唤醒电路、电源管理模块、外壳拆卸检测电路。
单片机是负责控制、运算和存储的核心芯片，内部运行小型实时操作系统。
广域网模块包括2G/3G/4G移动通信模块或NB-IOT物联网模块，以及配套使用的USIM卡或M2M卡，在所述的单片机的控制下用于在车载单元和后台服务系统之间进行鉴权和数据通信。
北斗兼容模块受单片机控制并为单片机提供车辆的精确位置信息和速度信息。北斗兼容模块具有有源天线，有源天线支持与北斗兼容模块同步上电或者异步上电，以降低平均功耗。
北斗兼容(定位)模块是指利用北斗、GPS、GLONAS、Galileo等卫星导航系统中一种或一种以上卫星信号，实现精确位置信息和速度信息输出功能的模块。
通过单片机控制的双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，在高速公路收费站出入口实现数据的写入和读取功能。双界面卡芯片内置安全操作系统，支持加解密运算和安全信息的存储。双界面卡芯片支持13.56MHz非接触界面的读写操作和7816接口接触界面的读写操作。
13.56MHz天线为唤醒电路提供激励信号。唤醒电路将13.56MHz天线接收到的高速公路收费站的13.56MHz读写器发出的无线信号转化为单片机能够识别的唤醒信号并唤醒单片机。
电源管理模块包括电池(为大容量、低自放电的可充电电池)，用于将电池的电压高效率的转换为车载单元需要的工作电压，还具有有线充电、无线充电、太阳能充电和/或电量提示的功能。当进行无线充电时，13.56MHz天线配合电源管理模块实现无线充电功能。电源管理模块在单片机的控制下实现车载单元在休眠、待机和运行三种状态之间的转换。
车载单元在休眠(sleep)状态时，除唤醒电路外，车载单元的其他组成部分均处于关闭休眠状态。
车载单元在待机(stand by)状态时，单片机处于运行状态，广域网模块和北斗兼容模块处于待机状态，能迅速热启动。
车载单元在运行(running)状态时，单片机处于运行状态，广域网模块和北斗兼容模块处于运行状态。
外壳上可以印刷代表唯一序列号的二维码，便于扩展新的应用。
由于车载单元内置加解密功能和鉴权功能，当拆卸检测电路检测到车载单元的外壳非法拆卸时，将锁定双界面卡芯片和广域网模块，以免给多义路径动态监测系统带来安全风险。
上述高速公路多义路径动态监测系统中，车载单元实现的功能包括：
1)基于北斗兼容系统的定位功能；
2)实时位置信息上报(上报频率可配置)；
3)收费站入口信息、行车轨迹信息存储；
4)与收费站读写设备之间完成身份认证，数据通信；
5)休眠、唤醒功能；
6)外壳拆卸检测功能；
7)异常信息记录、上报；
8)内置可充电电池，支持有线或无线充电。
无唤醒电路和电源管理模块时，车载单元的运行状态如图3所示，车载单元定位模块一直处于工作中(电流30mA)，同时周期性向后台传送路径信息(电流100mA)。此时，按每分钟上传一次数据,每次数据传送时间持续0.2秒计算，本发明的电池(容量为1000mAh)的使用时间为1000/(30+100×0.2/60)＝33小时(约1.35天)。
有唤醒电路和电源管理模块时，本发明的车载单元的运行状态如图4所示。
进入高速公路入口后，车载单元从休眠状态被唤醒，唤醒后周期性在待机，运行(定位)，运行(上传)三种状态下切换。
下表为车载单元在各种状态的消耗电流情况：
Figure PCTCN2017099426-appb-000001
工作状态平均功耗(按每分钟上传一次数据计算)为(2×57.8+30×2+100×0.2)/60＝3.26mA。
此时，假设每天车辆在高速公路上行驶2小时，本发明的电池(容量为1000mAh)的可使用时间为1000/(0.002×22+3.26×2)＝152.3天。
由此可见，在加入唤醒电路和电源管理模块后，本发明的车载单元在电池不充电的情况下一次运行时间增加了110倍。
利用本发明的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元的高速公路多义性路径动态监控系统，最大化的利用了现有高速公路的硬件设施，解决了高速公路区域联网或全网联网后面临的多义性路径识别问题。相对其他解决方案的亮点主要有：系统升级平滑、动态识别路径、可扩展性好。
系统升级平滑：增加的设备只有后台系统，不需要新建路侧基础设施， 收费站现有设备仅需要软件升级。系统升级前后，原有收费相关操作流程不变，减小了收费站人员重新学习、适应的成本。
动态路径识别：车载单元能够上报连续的轨迹信息，后台服务系统能够实时监测车辆的行驶轨迹和整个高速公路的实时路况，避免了仅在高速公路收费站出口识别多义性路径带来的静态、孤立点证据可能带来的分歧和滞后问题。
可扩展性好：车载单元提供了高速公路各路段动态信息，如车流密度、车速信息等，高速公路联网管理系统可以根据这些信息，为高速公路出行者提供出行指导。此外通过车载单元提供的轨迹、速度信息，可以检测车辆的超速行驶、非法停车等异常事件，为高速公路的智能化升级提供了有力的支撑。
采用本发明的技术方案后，动态上传间隔可配置，典型值为每分钟上传一次，原有技术只能在高速公路出入口上传数据。
动态上传的技术带来耗电增加，本发明采用北斗兼容的定位模块，可以在待机状态关闭有源天线和基带单元，星历处于保存状态，待机状态将能保持较低的电流(不采用此方式模块耗电为30mA)，同时运行状态下又能快速启动。另外本发明采用唤醒技术可以使设备在不工作时段(如没有进入高速公路或计费路段时)以极低电流休眠，设备达到省电的效果。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若对本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其同等技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。上述实施例或实施方式只是对本发明的举例说明，本发明也可以以其它的特定方式或其它的特定形式实施，而不偏离本发明的要旨或本质特征。因此，描述的实施方式从任何方面来看均应视为说明性而非限定性的。本发明的范 围应由附加的权利要求说明，任何与权利要求的意图和范围等效的变化也应包含在本发明的范围内。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的车载单元包括单片机、广域网模块、北斗兼容定位模块、双界面卡和13.56MHz收发天线，
    所述的单片机是负责控制、运算和存储的核心芯片，内部运行小型实时操作系统；
    所述的广域网模块包括移动通信模块或广域物联网模块，在所述的单片机的控制下用于在所述的车载单元和后台服务系统之间进行鉴权和数据通信；
    所述的北斗兼容定位模块具有有源天线或无源天线，受所述的单片机控制并为所述的单片机提供车辆的精确位置信息和速度信息；
    通过所述的单片机控制的所述的双界面卡芯片和13.56MHz天线，在高速公路收费站出入口实现数据写入和读取功能。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的北斗兼容定位模块具有有源天线，有源天线支持与北斗兼容定位模块同步上电或者异步上电。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的车载单元还包括唤醒电路和电源管理模块，
    所述的唤醒电路利用所述的13.56MHz天线，将高速公路收费站的13.56MHz读写器发射的无线信号转化为所述的单片机能够识别的唤醒信号并唤醒所述的单片机；
    所述的电源管理模块在所述的单片机的控制下实现所述的车载单元在休眠、待机和运行三种状态之间的转换。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：
    所述的车载单元在休眠状态时，除所述的唤醒电路外，所述的车载单元的其他组成部分均处于关闭休眠状态；
    所述的车载单元在待机状态时，所述的单片机处于运行状态，所述的广域网模块和北斗兼容定位模块处于待机状态，能迅速热启动；
    所述的车载单元在运行状态时，所述的单片机处于运行状态，所述的广域网模块和北斗兼容定位模块处于运行状态。
  5. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的电源管理模块包括电池。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统，其特征在于：所述的电源管理模块还用于将所述的电池的电压转换为所述的车载单元需要的工作电压。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的电源管理模块还具有有线充电、无线充电、太阳能充电和/或电量提示的功能。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的13.56MHz天线还配合所述的电源管理模块实现所述的无线充电功能。
  9. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能 的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的双界面卡芯片支持13.56MHz非接触界面的读写操作和接触界面的读写操作。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的双界面卡芯片内置安全操作系统，还支持加解密运算和安全信息的存储。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的车载单元还包括外壳，所述的外壳上印刷代表唯一序列号的二维码。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元，其特征在于：所述的车载单元还包括外壳拆卸检测电路，当所述的外壳拆卸检测电路检测到所述的车载单元的外壳非法拆卸时，将锁定所述的双界面卡芯片和广域网模块。
  13. 一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统，其特征在于：所述的基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的系统包括权利要求1-12中任一项所述的车载单元、站端系统和后台服务系统，
    所述的站端系统布置在高速公路出入口岗亭，在高速入口所述的站端系统激活车载单元并写入入口信息到双界面卡芯片中，通过系统内部网络上传车载单元状态信息、激活信息，在高速出口所述的站端系统查询多义路径识别结果并计算高速通行费用；
    所述的后台服务系统具有设备管理、数据管理、多义路径识别和实时监测功能。
PCT/CN2017/099426 2016-12-12 2017-08-29 一种基于北斗兼容定位的具有动态路径识别功能的车载单元和系统 WO2018107806A1 (zh)

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