WO2018104543A1 - Modulator assembly and method for modulating light - Google Patents

Modulator assembly and method for modulating light Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018104543A1
WO2018104543A1 PCT/EP2017/082140 EP2017082140W WO2018104543A1 WO 2018104543 A1 WO2018104543 A1 WO 2018104543A1 EP 2017082140 W EP2017082140 W EP 2017082140W WO 2018104543 A1 WO2018104543 A1 WO 2018104543A1
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Prior art keywords
light
electro
modulator
polarization
absorption modulator
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PCT/EP2017/082140
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French (fr)
Inventor
Moritz BAIER
Martin Schell
Francsico Soares
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Priority to US16/467,956 priority Critical patent/US11281016B2/en
Publication of WO2018104543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018104543A1/en
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
    • G02B27/286—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/017—Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/017—Structures with periodic or quasi periodic potential variation, e.g. superlattices, quantum wells
    • G02F1/01716—Optically controlled superlattice or quantum well devices
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/025—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction in an optical waveguide structure
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H04B10/505—Laser transmitters using external modulation
    • H04B10/5051—Laser transmitters using external modulation using a series, i.e. cascade, combination of modulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/015—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction
    • G02F1/0155—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on semiconductor elements having potential barriers, e.g. having a PN or PIN junction modulating the optical absorption
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2201/00—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00
    • G02F2201/16—Constructional arrangements not provided for in groups G02F1/00 - G02F7/00 series; tandem

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a modulator assembly for modulating light according to claim 1 and to a method for modulating light according to claim 15.
  • Optical communication systems frequently use polarization multiplex methods in which various polarization components of a light wave are modulated with different data signals.
  • the light generated by a light source therefor is split up e.g. into separate optical paths, wherein the light waves in the different optical paths are modulated independently. Subsequently, the polarization of the light wave of one of the optical paths is rotated and the light waves of the optical paths are combined by means of a polarization combiner.
  • a light generating assembly for generating light which has a first and a second polarization component
  • first electro-absorption modulator for modulating the light generated by the light generating assembly, wherein the first electro-absorption modulator at least substantially only modulates the first polarization component of the light, so that the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator includes a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component;
  • a polarization converter e.g. a polarization rotator for changing the polarization direction of the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator
  • the light exiting from the polarization converter couples into the second electro-absorption modulator and is polarized such that by means of the second electro-absorption modulator a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polariza- tion component.
  • a separation of an optical input signal (of an input light wave) into separate optical paths can be omitted.
  • a polarization combiner for combining the optical paths also can be omitted thereby, which provides for a more compact construction of the modulator assembly and hence e.g. also of a transmitter for an optical communication system.
  • the modulation of the light by means of the first electro-absorption modulator is effected for example by applying an electric voltage to the modulator, wherein the electric voltage repre- sents a first data signal.
  • a second electric voltage to the second electro-absorption modulator a second data signal, which is different from the first data signal, can be modulated.
  • first and the second electro-absorption modulator are configured such that they act on the same polarization component (polarization direction) of the incident light.
  • the construction and the orientation of the first and the second electro-absorption modulator are identical.
  • the first and the second electro-absorption modulator each act only on the TE polarization component of the incident light.
  • Such electro-absorption modulators are known per se from the prior art, wherein their active region comprises e.g. a multi-quantum well (MQW). Due to the separation into light- and heavy-hole bands caused by the MQW, such electro-absorption modulators substantially modulate exclusively TE-polarized light. TM-polarized light on the other hand passes through the electro-absorption modulator without experiencing a modulation.
  • MQW multi-quantum well
  • the light generating assembly comprises a light source (for example a semiconductor laser) for generating linearly polarized light and an input polarization converter, wherein the input polarization converter changes (in particular rotates) the polarization direction of the light generated by the light source such that the light exiting from the input polarization converter and coupling into the first electro-absorption modulator includes the first and the second polarization component.
  • the light source generates TE-polarized light and the input polarization converter effects a modification (e.g. a rotation) of the polarization of this light, so that the rotated polarization comprises a TE and a TM polarization component.
  • the input polarization converter is a polarization converter which rotates the polarization direction of the light generated by the light source by approximately 45°.
  • the input polarization converter for example can be formed by a ⁇ /4 retarder (in particular a ⁇ /4 plate) configured (e.g. orientated) in such a way that it creates (e.g. phase shifted) TE and TM polarization components.
  • ⁇ /4 retarder in particular a ⁇ /4 plate
  • e.g. orientated in such a way that it creates (e.g. phase shifted) TE and TM polarization components.
  • other types of polarization converters might be used.
  • the polarization converter is configured to change the polarization direction of the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator such that it rotates the polarization direction of the light by 90°.
  • the polarization converter is a ⁇ /2 retarder (in particular a ⁇ /2 plate).
  • first and the second electro-absorption modulator and the polarization converter are integrated optical elements which are arranged on a common substrate.
  • the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator is coupled into the polari- zation converter via an integrated optical waveguide.
  • the light exiting from the polarization converter also can be coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator via an integrated optical waveguide.
  • the invention also relates to a transmitter which comprises a modulator assembly according to the invention and to an optical communication system, in particular a polarization multiplex system, with such transmitter.
  • the invention also relates to a method for modulating light, in particular by using a modulator assembly configured as described above, comprising the steps:
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a modulator assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a modulator assembly according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 3 shows a section along A-A in Figure 2.
  • FIG 4 shows a section along B-B or C-C in Figure 2.
  • the modulator assembly 1 according to the invention, which is schematically shown in Figure 1 , comprises a first and a second electro-absorption modulator (EAM) 1 1 , 12, wherein the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are arranged serially one behind the other. Furthermore, the modulator assembly 1 comprises a light generating assembly 2 with a light source in the form of a semiconductor laser 21 , wherein the semiconductor laser 21 at least substantially emits TE-polarized light.
  • EAM electro-absorption modulator
  • the light generated by the laser 21 is coupled into the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 , wherein the light generating assembly 2 includes an input polarization converter in the form of a ⁇ /4 retarder 22.
  • the ⁇ /4 retarder 22 the TE-polarized light L emitted by the laser 21 is converted (e.g. rotated by 45°) in such a way that the light L1 coupling out from the ⁇ /4 retarder includes both a TE and a TM polarization component (which are e.g. phase shifted relative to one another).
  • a TE and TM polarization component which are e.g. phase shifted relative to one another.
  • other polarization converters could be used for rotating the polarized light L.
  • the two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are configured such that they each only act on the TE polarization component of the light coupled into the same, i.e. only the TE component of the light coupled in experiences a modulation.
  • only a modulation of the TE polarization component of the light L1 , but not of the TM component is effected in the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1.
  • the modulation in the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is effected by applying a voltage which represents a first data signal DS1.
  • the light L2 exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 consequently includes a modulated TE polarization component MK and an unmodulated TM polarization component UK.
  • a polarization converter in the form of a ⁇ /2 retarder 3 is provided between the two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 .
  • the light L2 exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator 12 via the ⁇ /2 retarder 3, wherein the polarization of the light is rotated by 90° upon passage through the ⁇ /2 retarder 3.
  • the directions of the modulated and the non-modulated polarization component MK, UK thereby are reversed, so that the light L3 exiting from the ⁇ /2 retarder 3 now includes a modulated component MK in TM direction and an unmodulated component UK in TE direction.
  • the previously not modulated component UK is modulated by the second electro-absorption modulator 12, wherein in particular a second data signal DS2 different from the first data signal DS1 is modulated.
  • the output signal AS exiting from the second electro-absorption modulator 12 thus comprises a TM polarization component modulated with the first data signal DS1 and a TE polarization component modulated with the second data signal DS2.
  • Figure 2 shows a possible configuration of the modulator assembly 1 according to the invention as integrated optical semiconductor component 100.
  • the semiconductor component 100 comprises a substrate 10 on which the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 and also the polarization converter 3 are integrated.
  • the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 in particular have an identical layer structure.
  • the layer structure of the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 each comprises at least one lower n-doped layer 1 1 1 , an active region with a multi-quantum well (MQW) 1 12 and at least one upper p-doped layer 1 13.
  • the substrate 10 e.g. is a semi-insulating substrate, such as in the form of a semi-insulating InP substrate.
  • the two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are connected with each other via an optical waveguide 150. Via the optical waveguide 150 light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator 1 1 via the polarization converter 3.
  • a section through the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 is shown in Figure 4. It can also be seen there that the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 each include a rib waveguide structure, wherein in particular the p-doped layer 1 13 forms a rib structure.
  • the polarization converter 3 shown in Fig. 3 in a sectional view is configured as a portion of the waveguide 150, wherein the waveguide 150 in this portion has a concavely curved side 151 .
  • the invention is of course not limited to a particular configuration of the polarization converter 3. Rather, any types of polarization converters can be used in principle.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

This invention relates to a modulator assembly for modulating light, comprising a first and a second electro-absorption modulator (11, 12) which each at least substantially only act on a polarization component (TE) of incident light (L1, L3); a light generating assembly (2) for generating light (L1) which includes a first and a second polarization component (TE, TM); a first electro-absorption modulator (11) for modulating the light (L1) generated by the light generating assembly (2), wherein the first electro-absorption modulator (11) at least substantially only modulates the first polarization component (TE) of the light (L1), so that the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (11) includes a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component (MK, UK); a polarization converter (3) for changing the polarization direction of the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (11), wherein the light (L3) exiting from the polarization converter (3) couples into the second electro-absorption modulator (12) and is polarized such that by means of the second electro-absorption modulator (12) a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polarization component (UK). The invention also relates to a method for modulating light.

Description

Modulator Assembly and Method for Modulating Light
Description
This invention relates to a modulator assembly for modulating light according to claim 1 and to a method for modulating light according to claim 15.
Optical communication systems frequently use polarization multiplex methods in which various polarization components of a light wave are modulated with different data signals. The light generated by a light source therefor is split up e.g. into separate optical paths, wherein the light waves in the different optical paths are modulated independently. Subsequently, the polarization of the light wave of one of the optical paths is rotated and the light waves of the optical paths are combined by means of a polarization combiner.
An example for such construction is disclosed in the article H. Yamazaki, T. Yamada, T. Goh, and A. Kaneko, "PDM-QPSK Modulator With a Hybrid Configuration of Silica PLCs and LiNbO Phase Modulators", Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 721-727, Mar. 201 1 . Such systems however are technically complex and require a relatively large installation space. The problem to be solved by the invention consists in creating a simpler and more compact construction for the modulation of light. This problem is solved by creating the modulator assembly with the features of claim 1 and the method with the features of claim 15. Developments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims. Accordingly, there is provided a modulator assembly for modulating light, comprising
- a first and a second electro-absorption modulator, which each at least substantially only act on one polarization component of incident light;
- a light generating assembly for generating light which has a first and a second polarization component;
- a first electro-absorption modulator for modulating the light generated by the light generating assembly, wherein the first electro-absorption modulator at least substantially only modulates the first polarization component of the light, so that the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator includes a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component;
- a polarization converter (e.g. a polarization rotator) for changing the polarization direction of the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator, wherein
- the light exiting from the polarization converter couples into the second electro-absorption modulator and is polarized such that by means of the second electro-absorption modulator a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polariza- tion component.
By means of the modulator assembly according to the invention a separation of an optical input signal (of an input light wave) into separate optical paths can be omitted. In particular, a polarization combiner for combining the optical paths also can be omitted thereby, which provides for a more compact construction of the modulator assembly and hence e.g. also of a transmitter for an optical communication system.
The modulation of the light by means of the first electro-absorption modulator is effected for example by applying an electric voltage to the modulator, wherein the electric voltage repre- sents a first data signal. Correspondingly, by applying a second electric voltage to the second electro-absorption modulator a second data signal, which is different from the first data signal, can be modulated.
It is conceivable that the first and the second electro-absorption modulator are configured such that they act on the same polarization component (polarization direction) of the incident light. In particular, the construction and the orientation of the first and the second electro-absorption modulator are identical. For example, the first and the second electro-absorption modulator each act only on the TE polarization component of the incident light. Such electro-absorption modulators are known per se from the prior art, wherein their active region comprises e.g. a multi-quantum well (MQW). Due to the separation into light- and heavy-hole bands caused by the MQW, such electro-absorption modulators substantially modulate exclusively TE-polarized light. TM-polarized light on the other hand passes through the electro-absorption modulator without experiencing a modulation.
According to a development of the invention the light generating assembly comprises a light source (for example a semiconductor laser) for generating linearly polarized light and an input polarization converter, wherein the input polarization converter changes (in particular rotates) the polarization direction of the light generated by the light source such that the light exiting from the input polarization converter and coupling into the first electro-absorption modulator includes the first and the second polarization component. It is conceivable for example that the light source generates TE-polarized light and the input polarization converter effects a modification (e.g. a rotation) of the polarization of this light, so that the rotated polarization comprises a TE and a TM polarization component. For example, the input polarization converter is a polarization converter which rotates the polarization direction of the light generated by the light source by approximately 45°. The input polarization converter for example can be formed by a λ/4 retarder (in particular a λ/4 plate) configured (e.g. orientated) in such a way that it creates (e.g. phase shifted) TE and TM polarization components. Of course, other types of polarization converters might be used.
It should be noted that it is also conceivable to omit the input polarization converter and use a light source which already generates light with a TM and a TE polarization component.
According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention the polarization converter is configured to change the polarization direction of the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator such that it rotates the polarization direction of the light by 90°. For example, the polarization converter is a λ/2 retarder (in particular a λ/2 plate).
It is also possible that the first and the second electro-absorption modulator and the polarization converter are integrated optical elements which are arranged on a common substrate. For example, the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator is coupled into the polari- zation converter via an integrated optical waveguide. Correspondingly, the light exiting from the polarization converter also can be coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator via an integrated optical waveguide. The invention also relates to a transmitter which comprises a modulator assembly according to the invention and to an optical communication system, in particular a polarization multiplex system, with such transmitter.
Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for modulating light, in particular by using a modulator assembly configured as described above, comprising the steps:
- providing a first and a second electro-absorption modulator which each at least substantially act only on one polarization component of incident light;
- generating light which has a first and a second polarization component;
- modulating the light by means of the first electro-absorption modulator such that at least substantially only the first polarization component of the light is modulated, so that the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator includes a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component;
- changing the polarization direction of the light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator and coupling the light exiting from the polarization converter into the second electro- absorption modulator such that by means of the second electro-absorption modulator a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polarization component.
The exemplary embodiments described above with respect to the modulator assembly according to the invention analogously can of course also be used for developing the method according to the invention.
The invention will subsequently be explained in detail by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to the Figures, in which:
Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a modulator assembly according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 shows a sectional view of a modulator assembly according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention;
Figure 3 shows a section along A-A in Figure 2; and
Figure 4 shows a section along B-B or C-C in Figure 2. The modulator assembly 1 according to the invention, which is schematically shown in Figure 1 , comprises a first and a second electro-absorption modulator (EAM) 1 1 , 12, wherein the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are arranged serially one behind the other. Furthermore, the modulator assembly 1 comprises a light generating assembly 2 with a light source in the form of a semiconductor laser 21 , wherein the semiconductor laser 21 at least substantially emits TE-polarized light.
The light generated by the laser 21 is coupled into the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 , wherein the light generating assembly 2 includes an input polarization converter in the form of a λ/4 retarder 22. By means of the λ/4 retarder 22 the TE-polarized light L emitted by the laser 21 is converted (e.g. rotated by 45°) in such a way that the light L1 coupling out from the λ/4 retarder includes both a TE and a TM polarization component (which are e.g. phase shifted relative to one another). Of course, other polarization converters could be used for rotating the polarized light L.
The two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are configured such that they each only act on the TE polarization component of the light coupled into the same, i.e. only the TE component of the light coupled in experiences a modulation. Correspondingly, only a modulation of the TE polarization component of the light L1 , but not of the TM component is effected in the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1. The modulation in the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is effected by applying a voltage which represents a first data signal DS1. The light L2 exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 consequently includes a modulated TE polarization component MK and an unmodulated TM polarization component UK. Between the two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 a polarization converter in the form of a λ/2 retarder 3 is provided. The light L2 exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator 12 via the λ/2 retarder 3, wherein the polarization of the light is rotated by 90° upon passage through the λ/2 retarder 3. The directions of the modulated and the non-modulated polarization component MK, UK thereby are reversed, so that the light L3 exiting from the λ/2 retarder 3 now includes a modulated component MK in TM direction and an unmodulated component UK in TE direction. Thus, the previously not modulated component UK is modulated by the second electro-absorption modulator 12, wherein in particular a second data signal DS2 different from the first data signal DS1 is modulated. The output signal AS exiting from the second electro-absorption modulator 12 thus comprises a TM polarization component modulated with the first data signal DS1 and a TE polarization component modulated with the second data signal DS2. Figure 2 shows a possible configuration of the modulator assembly 1 according to the invention as integrated optical semiconductor component 100. Accordingly, the semiconductor component 100 comprises a substrate 10 on which the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 and also the polarization converter 3 are integrated. The electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 in particular have an identical layer structure.
For example, the layer structure of the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 each comprises at least one lower n-doped layer 1 1 1 , an active region with a multi-quantum well (MQW) 1 12 and at least one upper p-doped layer 1 13. The substrate 10 e.g. is a semi-insulating substrate, such as in the form of a semi-insulating InP substrate. The two electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 are connected with each other via an optical waveguide 150. Via the optical waveguide 150 light exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator 1 1 is coupled into the second electro-absorption modulator 1 1 via the polarization converter 3.
A section through the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 is shown in Figure 4. It can also be seen there that the electro-absorption modulators 1 1 , 12 each include a rib waveguide structure, wherein in particular the p-doped layer 1 13 forms a rib structure. The polarization converter 3 shown in Fig. 3 in a sectional view is configured as a portion of the waveguide 150, wherein the waveguide 150 in this portion has a concavely curved side 151 .
However, the invention is of course not limited to a particular configuration of the polarization converter 3. Rather, any types of polarization converters can be used in principle.

Claims

Claims
1. A modulator assembly for modulating light, comprising
- a first and a second electro-absorption modulator (1 1 , 12), which each at least substantially act only on one polarization component (TE) of incident light (L1 , L3);
a light generating assembly (2) for generating light (L1 ) which has a first and a second polarization component (TE, TM);
a first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) for modulating the light (L1 ) generated by the light generating assembly (2), wherein the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) at least substantially only modulates the first polarization component (TE) of the light (L1 ), so that the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) has a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component (MK, UK);
a polarization converter (3) for changing the polarization direction of the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ), wherein
the light (L3) exiting from the polarization converter (3) couples into the second electro- absorption modulator (12) and is polarized such that by means of the second electro- absorption modulator (12) a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polarization component (UK).
2. The modulator assembly according to claim 1 , characterized in that the first and the second electro-absorption modulator (1 1 , 12) act on the same polarization component (TE) of the incident light (L1 , L3).
3. The modulator assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and the second electro-absorption modulator (1 1 , 12) each act only on one TE polarization component of the incident light.
4. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light generating assembly (2) includes a light source (21 ) for generating linearly polarized light (L) and an input polarization converter (22), wherein the input polarization converter (22) changes the polarization direction of the light (L) generated by the light source (21 ) such that the light (L1 ) exiting from the input polarization converter (22) and coupling into the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) includes the first and the second polarization component (TE, TM).
5. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second polarization component (TE, TM) are oriented vertically to each other.
6. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first polarization component (TE) is a TE polarization component and the second polarization component (TM) is a TM polarization component.
7. The modulator assembly according to any of preceding claims as far as related to claim 4, characterized in that the light source (21 ) generates TE-polarized light.
8. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims as far as related to claim 4, characterized in that the input polarization converter (3) rotates the polarization direction of the light (L) generated by the light source (21 ) by 45°.
9. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims as far as related to claim 4, characterized in that the input polarization converter (22) is formed by a λ/4 retarder.
10. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polarization converter (3) rotates the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) by 90°.
1 1. The modulator assembly according to claim 10, characterized in that the polarization converter (3) is formed by a λ/2 retarder.
12. The modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second electro-absorption modulator (1 1 , 12) and the polarization converter (3) are integrated optical elements which are arranged on a common substrate (10).
13. The modulator assembly according to claim 12, characterized in that the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) couples into the polarization converter (3) via an integrated optical waveguide (150).
14. An optical communication arrangement with a transmitter which comprises a modulator assembly (1 ) according to any of the preceding claims.
15. A method for modulating light, in particular by using a modulator assembly according to any of the preceding claims, comprising the steps:
- providing a first and a second electro-absorption modulator (1 1 , 12), which each at least substantially act only on one polarization component (TE) of incident light (L1 , L2); - generating light (L1 ) which includes a first and a second polarization component (TE, TM);
- modulating the light (L1 ) by means of the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) such that at least substantially only the first polarization component (TE) of the light (L1 ) is modulated, so that the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) includes a modulated and an unmodulated polarization component (MK, UK);
- changing the polarization direction of the light (L2) exiting from the first electro-absorption modulator (1 1 ) and coupling the light (L3) exiting from the polarization converter (3) into the second electro-absorption modulator (12) such that by means of the second electro-absorption modulator (12) a modulation at least substantially is effected only of the previously unmodulated polarization component (UK).
PCT/EP2017/082140 2016-12-09 2017-12-11 Modulator assembly and method for modulating light Ceased WO2018104543A1 (en)

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